Chapter 5
Jeremiah 5:8
יצהלו | רע הו | אשת | אל | איש | היו | משכים | מיזנים | סוסים |
they are cheerfully exulting | friend of himself | woman | toward | a man/each one | they have become | those who incline shoulders | feeding-stalls | horses |
9016 | None Definition: verseEnd Root: None Exhaustive: None 6670a צהל tsâhal Definition: to gleam, i.e. (figuratively) be cheerful; by transference to sound clear (of various animal or human expressions) Root: a primitive root; Exhaustive: a primitive root; to gleam, i.e. (figuratively) be cheerful; by transference to sound clear (of various animal or human expressions); bellow, cry aloud (out), lift up, neigh, rejoice, make to shine, shout. | 9023 | הו None Definition: his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular Root: None Exhaustive: Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular 7453 רע rêaʻ Definition: an associate (more or less close) Root: or ריע; from H7462 (רעה); Exhaustive: or ריע; from רעה; an associate (more or less close); brother, companion, fellow, friend, husband, lover, neighbour, [idiom] (an-) other. | 802 אשה ʼishshâh Definition: a woman Root: feminine of H376 (איש) or H582 (אנוש); irregular plural, נשים;(used in the same wide sense as H582 (אנוש)) Exhaustive: feminine of איש or אנוש; irregular plural, נשים;(used in the same wide sense as אנוש); a woman; (adulter) ess, each, every, female, [idiom] many, [phrase] none, one, [phrase] together, wife, woman. Often unexpressed in English. | 9014 | ־ None Definition: link Root: None Exhaustive: None 413 אל ʼêl Definition: near, with or among; often in general, to Root: (but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. Exhaustive: (but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in). | 376 איש ʼîysh Definition: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation) Root: contracted for H582 (אנוש) (or perhaps rather from an unused root meaning to be extant); Exhaustive: contracted for אנוש (or perhaps rather from an unused root meaning to be extant); a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation); also, another, any (man), a certain, [phrase] champion, consent, each, every (one), fellow, (foot-, husband-) man, (good-, great, mighty) man, he, high (degree), him (that is), husband, man(-kind), [phrase] none, one, people, person, [phrase] steward, what (man) soever, whoso(-ever), worthy. Compare אשה. | 1961 היה hâyâh Definition: to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary) Root: a primitive root (compare H1933 (הוא)); Exhaustive: a primitive root (compare הוא); to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary); beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use. | 7904 שכה shâkâh Definition: to roam (through lust) Root: a primitive root; Exhaustive: a primitive root; to roam (through lust); in the morning (by mistake for שכם). | 2109a זון zûwn Definition: perhaps properly, to be plump, i.e. (transitively) to nourish Root: a primitive root; Exhaustive: a primitive root; perhaps properly, to be plump, i.e. (transitively) to nourish; feed. | 5483b סוס çûwç Definition: a horse (as leaping); also a swallow (from its rapid flight) Root: or סס; from an unused root meaning to skip (properly, for joy); Exhaustive: or סס; from an unused root meaning to skip (properly, for joy); a horse (as leaping); also a swallow (from its rapid flight); crane, horse (-back, -hoof). Compare פרש. |
RBT Translation:
horses feeding-stalls those who incline shoulders they have become a man/each one toward woman friend of himself they are cheerfully exulting
RBT Paraphrase:
They have become horses of feeding-stalls, those who burden shoulders;1 they are cheerfully exulting, each man toward the woman of the friend of himself.
They have become horses of feeding-stalls, those who burden shoulders;1 they are cheerfully exulting, each man toward the woman of the friend of himself.
Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
They were horses seducing to fornication: roaming about, they will neigh, a man for the wife of his neighbor.
They were horses seducing to fornication: roaming about, they will neigh, a man for the wife of his neighbor.
LITV Translation:
They were like lusty, well fed stallions in the morning, everyone neighing after the wife of his neighbor.
They were like lusty, well fed stallions in the morning, everyone neighing after the wife of his neighbor.
Brenton Septuagint Translation:
They became as wanton horses: they neighed each one after his neighbor’s wife.
They became as wanton horses: they neighed each one after his neighbor’s wife.
Footnotes
Jer. 5:8 | משכים — from the primitive root ש‑כ‑ם, literally “to incline the shoulder / bend the shoulder under a burden”, i.e., the physical act of lifting or bearing a load on the shoulder, whether on a person or an animal. In the Qal stem, the denominative participle מַשְׁכִּים denotes “one who inclines the shoulder,” literally a burden-bearer. In the Hiphil stem (משכים), the causative sense is preserved: “to cause to incline the shoulder / to put a burden onto the shoulder”. The core semantic idea is physical adjustment under weight, with the shoulder bending downward to carry the load. Early attestations are in Biblical Hebrew; the form occurs with both nouns and participles describing this literal shoulder-bearing action. |