Zechariah 1:16

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

לכן לָכֵ֞ן

therefore

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כן

kên

Definition

properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and relation; often with other particles)

Root

from H3559 (כון);

Exhaustive

from כון; properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and relation; often with other particles); [phrase] after that (this, -ward, -wards), as... as, [phrase] (for-) asmuch as yet, [phrase] be (for which) cause, [phrase] following, howbeit, in (the) like (manner, -wise), [idiom] the more, right, (even) so, state, straightway, such (thing), surely, [phrase] there (where) -fore, this, thus, true, well, [idiom] you.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3651

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֵּן

adverb • Strongs / High • Page 681

Same as כֹּה, is only met with in the compound אֵי־כֵן (which see), 2 KINGS 6, 13 K‘ri.

כֵּן

noun / adjective / particle • Root כון • Strongs / High • Page 683

A word derived from the root כּוּן, used as a noun, adjective, and particle.

כֵּן

masculine noun / substantive / adverb / particle • Root כון • Strongs / High • Page 708

Properly, standing upright, standing firm. Figuratively: upright, honest. As a substantive or adverb: right, honestly. Also a particle of comparing and confirming: so, thus, just so; of such a nature, of such kind; so much, in such number; referring to time: so long, immediately, forthwith; with confirmation power: certainly, surely, yea; limiting: however, but, yet.

כֵּן

coll. f. • Root כנן • Strongs / High • Page 711

A collective feminine noun, same as כִּנִּים (lice, gnats). The text discusses the proper vocalization based on its defective spelling.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֵּן

noun • Root כון • Page 320

II. 1. a place. Gen. 40: 13, 41: 13, Dan. 11: 20, 21, 38. 2. a frame, stand, basis. Is. 33: 23, Ex. 30: 18, 28, Lev. 8: 11, 1 K. 7: 31.

כֵּן

unknown • Page 320

III. Is. 51: 6. prob. the sing. of כִּנִּים (q.v.). Others render it 'just so, in like manner'.

כֵּן

participle / adv. • Root כון • Page 319

1. Strictly a participle from כּוּן. Metaphorically: upright, honest, sincere (Gen. 42:11, 19, 31). As an adverb: right, rightly, recte (Num. 27:7, 36:5). 2. As an adverb: (1.) thus, so (Gen. 29:26, Josh. 2:21). (2.) then, therefore (Ps. 48:6).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3651

I. כֵּן adjective — right, veritable, honest (properly firm, upright).

Cognates:

• Syriac recte¹

— כֵּן absolute Exodus 10:29 +; plural כֵּנִים Genesis 42:11, 19, 31, 33, 34.

1. Right

a. Usually indeclinable, often as substantive "a right thing"

• Exodus 10:29 (Jehovist Source) (+ כֵּן דִּבַּרְתָּ)
• Numbers 27:7 (+ כֵּן דֹּבְרֹת) (Priests' Code)
• Numbers 36:5 (Priests' Code)
• Proverbs 28:2 (the) right (i.e. order and justice)
• Judges 12:6 (adverb, aright, of pronunciation)
• Ecclesiastes 8:10 (with verb agendi)
• Psalm 65:10 (right well)

b. With לֹא, as adjective, "not right"

• 2 Kings 17:9 (+ דְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר לֹא־כֵן)
• Proverbs 15:7 (of heart of a fool)
• Jeremiah 23:10
• Jeremiah 8:6 (as substantive)
• 2 Kings 7:9 (+ לֹא־כֵן)

2. Veritable, true

• Proverbs 11:19 (+ כֵּן־צְדָקָה) true righteousness
• Isaiah 16:6 (= Jeremiah 48:30a)
• Joshua 2:4 (in assent, Right! Correct!)

3. Plural concrete, "honest" (men)

• Genesis 42:11, 19, 31, 33, 34 (Elohist Source)

I. כֵּן (approximate number of occurrences: 741) adverb — so (i.e. usually, as has been described or commanded).

Cognates:

• Phoenician כן
• Late Hebrew כן
• Targum כֵּן
• Syriac ken (then)
• Arabic أكن, لكن (but)

— כֶּן־הוּא Genesis 44:10 (4 times).

1. Uses and Phrases

a. General usage (manner, quantity, quality)

• Judges 5:31 (+ כֵּן יֹאבְדוּ)
• Numbers 13:33 (+ וְכֵן הָיִינוּ בְּעֵינֵיהֶם)
• Exodus 10:14 (twice; of quantity)
• 1 Kings 6:26, Ezekiel 41:7

b. Force elicited from context

• 1 Kings 2:7 (with kindness as enjoined)
• Psalm 63:3 (+ חֲזִיתִךָ כֵּן בַּקֹּדֶשׁ)
• Psalm 127:2 (as abundantly)

c. Particular phrases

• וַיְהִי־כֵן and it was so: Genesis 1:7, 9, 11 +
• וַיַּעַשׂ כֵּן and he did so: Genesis 29:28, Genesis 42:20 +
• אִם־כֵּן if it be so: Genesis 25:22, Genesis 43:11
• לֹא־כֵן not so: Numbers 12:7, 2 Samuel 20:21, Psalm 1:4

2. In comparison and agreement

a. כְּ... כֵּן (According to... so)

• Genesis 44:10, Joshua 2:21 (+ כְּדִבְרֵיכֶם כֶּן־הוּא)
• Psalm 103:15 (in similes)

b. כַּאֲשֶׁר... כֵּן (As... so)

• Exodus 7:6, Exodus 12:28 (Priests' Code)
• Exodus 1:12 (the more... the more)

3. With prepositions

a. אַחַר כֵּן / אַחֲרֵי כֵן

Afterwards (see אַחַר).

b. בְּכֵן

Thereupon, then (Late Hebrew): Ecclesiastes 8:10, Esther 4:16.

c. לָכֵן

Therefore (introduces divine declaration): Numbers 16:11, Amos 4:12, Isaiah 7:14 +.

d. עַל־כֵּן

Therefore (regularly assigning origin of name or custom): Genesis 2:24, Genesis 11:9, Exodus 20:11 +.

¹ R. Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus, Oxford, 1879-1901 (PS).

² Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (Kö).

Aramaic

I. כֵּן adverb thus, as follows (Biblical Hebrew כֵּן).

1. usually with verb of saying
   • וְכֵן אֲמַר לֵהּ Daniel 2:24
   • Daniel 2:25, Daniel 4:11, Daniel 6:7, Daniel 7:5, 23
   • Ezra 5:3
   • וְכֵן כְּתִיב בְּגַוַּהּ Ezra 6:2

¹ Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS).

² Répertoire d’Épigraphie Sémitique (RÉS).

Preposition, Adverb

LXX: οὕτωσ τοῦτο ταῦτα --- ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3651c:

οὕτωσ 299× (40.5%)

τοῦτο 278× (32.8%)

ταῦτα 44× (5.0%)

--- 29× (4.0%)

'' 19× (2.2%)

τούτου 15× (1.8%)

ἕνεκεν 11× (1.5%)

οὕτω 8× (1.1%)

ὡσαύτωσ 8× (1.1%)

εἵνεκεν 6× (0.8%)

כה כֹּה־

like this

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כה

kôh

Definition

properly, like this, i.e. by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now

Root

from the prefix k and H1931 (הוא);

Exhaustive

from the prefix k and הוא; properly, like this, i.e. by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now; also, here, + hitherto, like, on the other side, so (and much), such, on that manner, (on) this (manner, side, way, way and that way), + mean while, yonder.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3541

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּה

adverb • Strongs / High • Page 668

A multi-purpose adverb with several meanings: 1. (Relative) how, in what way. 2. (Qualitative) as, so; used in comparisons, often doubled (כֹּה...כֹּה) to mean 'so...as'. 3. (Indefinite likeness) about, nearly, approximately, especially with numerals, measures, and time. 4. (Intensive) indicating completeness or a high degree: very, so much, even, extremely.

כֹּה

particle / adverb • Root כה • Strongs / High • Page 678

A demonstrative particle or adverb meaning: thus, so; now, here, there, in this or that way. It can refer to what precedes (by comparison) or what follows (in quotations). Also used specifically as a particle of time (now, so far), place (here, hither), or manner (in this manner, of this sort).

כֹּה

aramaic particle (aramaic) • Root כה • Strongs / High • Page 678

(Aramaic) The same as the Hebrew particle; hence, 'hitherto'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּה

adv. prim. • Page 309

1. Thus (Gen. 32:5). 2. Here (Gen. 31:37). 3. In reference to time, now (Ex. 7:16).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3541

I. כֹּה demonstrative adverb — thus, here.

Cognates:

• Biblical Aramaic כָּה
• Targum ᵑ7, Jerusalem Targum ᵑ6, Mandean כָּא here
• Syriac with prefixes: לְכָא hither, מִכָּא (Jerusalem Targum מִכָּה) hence, אֵיכָא where? (compare אֵיכָה, p. 32, and König¹)

— כֹּה absolute Genesis 15:5 + etc.

1. Of manner

thus (so most frequently, and usually pointing to what is to follow, while כֵּן points commonly to what has preceded):

• Genesis 15:5 כה יהיה זרעך thus shall thy seed be
• Numbers 6:23
• 1 Kings 2:30 כֹּה דִבֶּר יוֺאָב וְכֹה עָנָנִי
• 1 Kings 5:25
• Isaiah 24:13 (answered by בְּ, as Jeremiah 23:29)
• with a substantive: Isaiah 20:6 הִנֵּה כֹה מַבָּטֵנוּ
• Jeremiah 9:21 (si vera lectio)
• Jeremiah 23:29
• 1 Samuel 27:11

Mostly confined to particular phrases:

a. With different forms of אמר

• כה תאמר thus shalt thou say Exodus 3:14–15; Exodus 19:3; Exodus 20:22 etc.
• especially כה אמר יי֞ thus saith (or said) Yahweh Exodus 4:22; Exodus 5:1; Exodus 7:17; Exodus 7:26; Exodus 8:16 etc.
• continually in the prophets, as Isaiah 7:7; Isaiah 8:11; Isaiah 18:4 etc.; Jeremiah 2:2, 5; Jeremiah 4:27; Jeremiah 6:16 etc.
• idiomatic formula אִם כֹּה יאֹמַר if he say (or used to say) Genesis 31:8; 1 Samuel 14:9–10; 1 Samuel 20:7; 2 Samuel 15:26

b. With עשׂה to do thus

• Exodus 5:15; Deuteronomy 7:5
• pointing back: Numbers 22:30; Joshua 6:14; 1 Samuel 27:11
• especially in the phrase כה יעשׂה אלהים וכה יוסיף (with variations), 1 Samuel 3:17 + (see יסף), in which כֹּה points to an imprecation understood but not expressed
• with בְּ prefixed: 1 Kings 22:20 ויאמר זה בְּכֹה וזה אמר בְּכֹה and one spake in this wise, and another spake in that wise (parallel 2 Chronicles 18:19 כָּכָה ... כָּכָה)

2. Of place

here (rare, chiefly in Elohist Source):

• Genesis 31:37 שִׂים כֹּה place it here before my brethren
• Numbers 23:15 (twice)
• 2 Samuel 18:30
• Ruth 2:8
• Repeated: Exodus 2:12 וַיִּפֶן כֹּה וָכֹה and he turned this way and that way
• כֹּה ... כֹּה on this side ... on that side Numbers 11:31
• With עַד: Genesis 22:5 עַד כֹּֿה as far as here (δεικτικῶς) i.e. yonder

3. Of time

• עַד כֹּה hitherto, Exodus 7:16 (compare עַד־הֵֿנָּה), Joshua 17:14
• עַד־כֹּֿה וְעַד־כֹּֿה till now and till then, i.e. meanwhile, 1 Kings 18:45

Aramaic

I. כָּה adverb — here (Biblical Hebrew כֹּה).

Cognates:

• Targum ᵑ7, Mandean כָּא
• Christian-Palestinian Aramaic כא
• Syriac with prefixes: לְכָא hither, אֵיכָא where?

1. literally here, hitherto
   • עָד כָּֿה סוֺפָא דִי־מִלְּתָא hitherto is the end of the matter Daniel 7:28 (compare Jeremiah 48:47; Jeremiah 51:64)

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897), ii. 1, 252.

Adverb

LXX: τάδε οὕτωσ '' --- ὧδε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3541:

τάδε 367× (64.0%)

οὕτωσ 158× (27.7%)

'' 20× (3.0%)

--- 10× (1.8%)

ὧδε 8× (1.4%)

ἐντεῦθεν 2× (0.4%)

τοῦτο 2× (0.3%)

אמר אָמַר

he has said

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אמר

ʼâmar

Definition

to say (used with great latitude)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude); answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H559

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 155

1. (not used) to stand prominently upwards, to project upwards, hence to be elevated. 2. to say, to speak, to command; to press out sounds from within.

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to say, speak

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 58

1. to say (dico). Differs from דבר (to speak) in that אָמַר is almost uniformly followed by the words spoken (Lev. 1:2; Gen. 44:16). 2. to think. (Speaking and thinking).

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 59

To command (Est 1:17, 1 Chr 21:17); to praise (Ps 40:11). Niph.: to be said, to be called holy (Is 4:3). Hiph.: to declare solemnly, to promise (Deut 26:17, 18). Hithpa.: to boast one's self (Ps 94:4), or to exercise dominion.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H559

I. אָמַר (5287) verb utter, say (Egyptian mr command; Phoenician אמר; Aramaic אֲמַר; Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare; Arabic أمر command; perhaps √ אמר originally = be or make prominent, hence Hithpael below, אָמִיר; Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king idem Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37; compare Dl Pr 28 who thinks original meaning hell, sichtbar sein, whence Assyrian amāru, see, & shew, declare, say).

Cognates:

• Egyptian mr command
• Phoenician אמר
• Aramaic אֲמַר
• Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare
• Arabic أمر command
• Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king
• Assyrian amāru see, & shew, declare, say

Qal

Perfect 3 masculine singular אָמַר Genesis 3:1 +; Imperfect יֹאמַר Genesis 31:8 +; וַיֹּאמֶר Genesis 1:3 +; וַיֹּאמַר Genesis 14:19 +; in Job always וַיֹּאמַר Job 3:2 +; 3 feminine singular תֹּאמַר Genesis 21:12 +; תֹּאמַר Proverbs 1:21; 1 singular אֹמַר Genesis 22:2 +; אוֹמְרָה Psalm 42:10; וָאֹמַר Genesis 20:13 +; וָאוֹמַר Nehemiah 2:7,17,20; 3 masculine plural יֹאמְרוּ Exodus 4:1 + etc.; suffix יֹמְרוּךָ Psalm 139:20; 2 masculine plural תֹּמְרוּ 2 Samuel 19:14 (compare Kö i. p. 385); Imperative אֱמֹר Genesis 45:17 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָמוֹר Exodus 21:5 +; construct אֱמֹר Ezekiel 25:8 +; הָאֱמֹר Job 34:18 but read הָאֹמַר idem Di, or better הֵאָמֹר Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative compare Ew § 328 d; suffix אָמְרִי Joshua 6:10 +; אֲמָרְכֶם Jeremiah 23:38; אֱמָרְכֶם Malachi 1:7 +; לֵאמֹר Genesis 1:22 +, etc.; Participle active אֹמֵר Genesis 32:10 +, etc.; passive הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7, but this grammatically indefensible, read הֵאָמֹר, Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative, see Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

Say (subject God Genesis 3:1 Genesis 32:5, serpent Genesis 3:1, ass Numbers 22:28, horse יֹאמַר הָאָח Job 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personified Job 28:14 compare Job 28:22 etc.; so in allegory or fable Judges 9:8; 2 Kings 14:9 etc.; especially in narration, וַיֹּאמֶר etc., Genesis 4:6 + very often): mostly followed by thing said, either substantive Jeremiah 14:17 (with clause app.) Deuteronomy 27:16 f.; Judges 12:6; pronoun Genesis 44:16; 2 Kings 20:14 +; or (usually) clause Genesis 1:3; Genesis 3:1; Genesis 37:20 + often (oratio recta [direct speech]); with adverb thus, so Genesis 32:5; Numbers 20:14; 1 Kings 20:3,5 + often; especially כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה Exodus 5:1; Exodus 7:17; Exodus 8:1; Exodus 8:20; 1 Chronicles 17:4 + often; the person addressed usually introduced by אֵל Genesis 3:1; Genesis 15:7; Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; 2 Samuel 3:7; 1 Kings 12:5,23, or לְ Genesis 3:13; Genesis 4:15; 1 Samuel 20:2; 2 Samuel 2:21; 1 Kings 14:2 + often; rarer combinations are, בְּאָזְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Isaiah 49:20 (compare Isaiah 5:9 & see דָּבַר); לִפְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Ezekiel 28:9; לְעֵינֵי כֹה אָמַר Deuteronomy 31:7; Joshua 10:12; Jeremiah 28:11; בְּ כֹה אָמַר Joel 2:17; Psalm 126:2, where בְּ local; in all cases usually followed by direct object of words said, Exodus 19:25 being very singular; Genesis 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, compare Vrss Di; = mention, name, designate Genesis 22:2,3; Genesis 43:27,29; Exodus 32:13; Numbers 14:40; 1 Samuel 10:16; 1 Samuel 16:3; 2 Samuel 6:22; Nehemiah 6:19; compare Psalm 139:20 יֹמְרוּךָ לִמְזִמָּה speak of thee for falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che, read יַמְרוּךָ); = tell, declare, proclaim, (followed by direct object only) Psalm 40:11; Ezekiel 13:7; in reply to question = answer Exodus 12:27; Joshua 4:7; 1 Kings 9:9; Jeremiah 5:19; Jeremiah 22:9. The object spoken of may be referred to by אֵל 2 Kings 19:32; Jeremiah 22:18; Jeremiah 27:19, or לְ Genesis 20:13 אִמְרִי לִי say of me, etc. Deuteronomy 33:9; Judges 9:54; Isaiah 5:20; Psalm 3:3; Psalm 71:10, very rarely by a simple accusative Isaiah 3:10 (where read probably for אִמְרוּ, אַשְׁרֵי), except after אֲשֶׁר where the words used follow (compare אֲשֶׁר 4d) Genesis 3:17; Numbers 10:29; Numbers 14:31; Deuteronomy 28:68; Judges 7:4; 1 Samuel 9:17,23b 1 Kings 8:29; Lamentations 4:20; compare Numbers 21:16; 2 Kings 17:12; 2 Kings 21:4, & (two extreme cases) Isaiah 8:12; Lamentations 2:15 (see Dr Sm i. 24, 5); הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7 read infinitive absolute with ה interrogative הֵאָמֹר (see above) shall one say? shall it be said? After another verb of saying, introducing thing said: Deuteronomy 21:7; Deuteronomy 25:9; Deuteronomy 27:15; Song of Solomon 2:10 +, even after אָמַר Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; Jeremiah 34:2; Esther 7:5 +; especially infinitive לֵאמֹר, after דָּבַר Genesis 8:15, צָוָה Genesis 2:16, עָנָה Genesis 44:16, בָּרַךְ Genesis 1:22, נָשַׁבַע Genesis 24:7, נָּדַר Genesis 28:20, etc.; after אָמַר 2 Samuel 3:18; 1 Kings 12:23; Ruth 4:4; 1 Chronicles 21:18 +; after שָׁלַח 2 Chronicles 35:21, שׁוּב Genesis 32:7; compare also Genesis 28:6; Exodus 5:13; Exodus 9:5; Exodus 13:8; Exodus 17:4; Numbers 11:20; Deuteronomy 1:28; Deuteronomy 13:7; Judges 8:15; 1 Samuel 23:2; 1 Kings 13:3; Jeremiah 32:3; Jeremiah 37:9 +; also when subject of לֵאמֹר differs from that of preceding clause Genesis 31:1; Genesis 38:13,24 etc.; after שָׁמַע Isaiah 37:9 = 2 Kings 19:9.

1. Say in the heart (= think)

• בְּלֵב כֹּה אָמַר Deuteronomy 8:17 compare 1 Kings 12:26; Psalm 10:6; Psalm 10:11; Psalm 10:13; Psalm 14:1; Psalm 35:25; Isaiah 14:13; Isaiah 47:8,10; Isaiah 49:21; Ecclesiastes 2:1,15; Ecclesiastes 3:17,18; לִלְבָבוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Hosea 7:2; אֵל לִבּוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Genesis 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subject כֹּה יְהוָה, compare 1 Samuel 27:1; אָמְרָה נַפְשִׁי Lamentations 3:24; thence כֹּה אָמַר alone Genesis 20:11; Genesis 26:9; Numbers 24:11; Ruth 4:4; 1 Samuel 20:26; 2 Samuel 5:6; 2 Kings 5:11; followed by clause with כִּי Judges 15:2; in particular = desire מַה תֹּאמַר נַפְשֶׁךָ 1 Samuel 20:4 compare Esther 2:13; followed by infinitive = purpose, Exodus 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian? Joshua 22:33; 1 Samuel 30:6; 1 Kings 5:19; 2 Chronicles 28:10,13; expect 2 Samuel 21:16 he expected to slay David 2 Chronicles 13:8; 2 Chronicles 32:1.

2. Promise

• (followed by infinitive) 1 Chronicles 27:23; 2 Chronicles 21:7; Esther 4:7; (idem + לְ of person) 2 Kings 8:19; Nehemiah 9:15; (followed by accusative of direct object + לְ of person + infinitive of purpose) Nehemiah 9:23.

3. Command

• (especially late) followed by אֵל of person addressed, Numbers 15:38; 1 Chronicles 21:18; followed by לְ Joshua 11:9; 2 Samuel 16:11; 2 Kings 4:24; Job 9:7; Psalm 106:34 (see below אֲשֶׁר 8e); followed by infinitive 1 Samuel 24:11; 1 Chronicles 21:17; 2 Chronicles 1:18; 2 Chronicles 29:27,30; 2 Chronicles 31:11; Esther 1:17; Esther 4:13,15; Esther 6:1; followed by infinitive + לְ of pers, 2 Chronicles 14:3; 2 Chronicles 29:21; 2 Chronicles 31:4; Esther 1:10; followed by accusative direct object 2 Chronicles 29:24 the king commanded the burnt-offering and the sin-offering, compare 1 Kings 5:20; Esther 2:15; followed by clause with אֲשֶׁר = that Nehemiah 13:19; idem + לְ of person Nehemiah 13:22; followed by clause with כִּי Job 36:10; absolute 1 Samuel 16:16 (read however probably יֹאמְרוּ for יֹאמַר, compare Dr); also Psalm 105:31; Psalm 105:34; Psalm 107:25; 1 Chronicles 14:12; 2 Chronicles 24:8; Nehemiah 13:9,19 (all followed by verb consecutive); command by letter עִם הַסֵּפֶר כֹּה אָמַר Esther 9:25 (followed by imperfect); appoint, assign לוֹ לְלֶחֶם כֹּה אָמַר 1 Kings 11:18 = threaten followed by infinitive Deuteronomy 9:25; Psalm 106:23.

Niphal

Perfect נֶאֱמַר Daniel 8:26; Imperfect יֵאָמֵר Genesis 22:14 +; יֵאָמַר לוֹ Isaiah 4:3; יֵאָמַר Genesis 10:9 +; וַיֵּאָמַר Joshua 2:2; be said, told Genesis 10:9; Genesis 22:14; Psalm 87:5; Jeremiah 4:11; Jeremiah 16:14 (all absolute, indefinite subject, of current saying); so said in a book Numbers 21:14; be related, told, of vision Daniel 8:26; said, told to (followed by לְ indirect object) Joshua 2:2; Hosea 2:1 (twice in verse); Zephaniah 3:16; either so, or told concerning Numbers 23:23; Ezekiel 13:12 (אֵל); יֵאָמֵר לָכֶם = ye shall be called (it shall be said to you) Isaiah 61:6 ("" תִּקָּרְאוּ לָכֶם), compare Isaiah 4:3; Isaiah 19:18; Isaiah 32:5 ("" יִקָּרֵא לְ) Isaiah 62:4 (twice in verse); hence be called, of Tophet לֹא יֵאָמֵר עוֹד הַתֹּפֶת Jeremiah 7:32; subject שֵׁם Genesis 32:29; Job 34:31 כִּי אֵל אֵל יֵאָמֵר, Rabb (compare AV) treat יֵאָמֵר as Niph`al Infinitive for לֵאָמֵר, but against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Perfect, אֵל אֵל being prefixed to the interrogative for emphasis (compare Jeremiah 22:15; Jeremiah 23:26; Nehemiah 13:27), see Dr § 9 Di and others; Hoffm., however, reads יֵאָמֵר infinitive absolute = imperative 'so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.'

Hiphil

Perfect הֵאֱמִיר Deuteronomy 26:17 הֵאֱמַרְתָּ הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים; Deuteronomy 26:18 הֵאֱמִיר יְהוָה הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לוֹ לְעַם (literally cause to declare, i.e. through agency of Moses; on this & other interpretations see Di).

Hithpael

Imperfect יִתְאַמֵּר Psalm 94:4 subject כָּל מְעֹלֵל אָוֶן act proudly, boast ("" יַבִּיעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק probably also 2 masculine plural תִּתְאַמֵּרוּ Isaiah 61:6 (in good sense, followed by בְּ of thing gloried in) Ges Comm. so De Che Kö i. 457 f. (from [ יָמַר ] exchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di; but see יָמַר, מוֹר).

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² √ Root or stem.

³ || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

⁴ = Equivalent / equals.

⁵ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ ? Sign of doubt.

⁸ t. times (following a number).

⁹ * Assumed form (not actually found).

¹⁰ ° Additions / glosses.

¹¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37.

¹³ Dl Pr 28.

¹⁴ Ew § 328 d.

¹⁵ Kö i. p. 385.

¹⁶ Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

¹⁷ Dr Sm i. 24, 5.

¹⁸ Vrss Versions.

¹⁹ Di Dillmann.

²⁰ Hup Hupfeld.

²¹ Pe Perowne.

²² Dy Delitzsch.

²³ Che Cheyne.

²⁴ AV Authorized Version.

²⁵ Rabb Rabbinic.

²⁶ Dr § 9.

²⁷ Hoffm Hoffmann.

²⁸ Ges Gesenius.

²⁹ De Delitzsch.

³⁰ Kö König.

³¹ Thes Thesaurus.

³² Hi Hitzig.

³³ Kn Knobel.

³⁴ Ew Ewald.

Verb Qal perfect third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0559:

No stats available

יהוה יְהוָ֗ה

He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהוה

Yᵉhôvâh

Definition

Jehovah, Jewish national name of God

Root

from H1961 (היה); (the) self-Existent or Eternal;

Exhaustive

from היה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יה, יהוה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3068

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Strongs / High • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

proper name • Page 275

The proper name of the deity among the ancient Hebrews. Interpreted as 'the eternal, unchangeable, true' or 'he who is as he shall be.' The text discusses various ancient pronunciations (IAΩ, IABE, IETΩ) and its derivation from the future of הָיָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3068

I. יהוה (approximate number of occurrences: 6823) i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity — Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel.

Cognates and Origins:

• Babylonian יהו (claimed by Delitzsch^{Dl Pa 162 ff.}, disputed by Kuenen and Jastrow)
• Egyptian etymology (proposed by Spiegelberg^{ZMG liii 633 ff.}, considered improbable)
• Moabite Stone יהוה as the name of Israel's God (MI¹⁸)

— יהוה Masoretic Text יְהוָֺה (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה (Qr אֱלֹהִים) in combinations אדני יהוה; with prepositions בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה. Pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520 (Galatinus). The traditional Ἰαβέ (Theodoret) and contracted form יָהּ favour the pronunciation יַהְוֶה (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Psalm 74:6).

1. Etymology and Meaning

a. Hiphil theories (The Giver of Being)

• The one bringing into being, life-giver (Schrader)
• Giver of existence, creator (Kuenen, Tiele)
• He who causes to fall, i.e., rain or lightning (Robertson Smith)

b. Qal theories (The Existing One)

• The absolute and unchangeable one (Riehm)
• The existing, ever living (Dillmann)
• The one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption (Delitzsch)

2. Source Analysis and Usage

a. In the Hexateuch

• Elohist Source (E): Not used in Genesis; revealed at Horeb (Exodus 3:12–15) and explained as אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה "I shall be the one who will be with thee."
• Priests' Code (P): Abstains from use until the revelation to Moses (Exodus 6:3).
• Yahwist Source (J): Uses the name from the beginning of the narrative (Genesis 2:4).

b. In later literature

• Common in pre-exilic writers; falls into disuse post-exile, supplanted by אלהים and אדני.
• Job: Used in prose parts and once in the poem (Job 12:9).
• Ecclesiastes: Not used at all.

3. Syntactic Combinations

a. With אלהים and suffixes

• With אֱלֹהֶיךָ: Exodus 20:2–12 (Ten Words); Deuteronomy 5:6–16; in Deuteronomy (234 times).
• With אֱלֹהֵיכֶם: In Deuteronomy (46 times); Holiness Code (15 times); Joel 2:13.
• With אֱלֹהֵינוּ: Exodus 3:18; Psalm 20:8; Daniel 9:10, 13, 14.
• With אלהים (later editors): Genesis 2:4b; Jonah 4:6.

b. The phrase אֲנִי יהוה ("I am Yahweh")

• As a formula of revelation or authority: Exodus 6:2, 29 (Priests' Code).
• In the recognition formula ("that ye may know"): Exodus 7:5; Ezekiel 6:7 (and 48 times in Ezekiel).
• In the Holiness Code as an emphatic close: Leviticus 18:5, 6, 21; Leviticus 19:12, 14, 16.

c. In compound place names

• יהוה יראה (Yahweh-jireh): Genesis 22:14 (Yahwist Source).
• יהוה נסי (Yahweh-nissi): Exodus 17:15 (Elohist Source).
• יהוה שׁלים (Yahweh-shalom): Judges 6:24.
• יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה (Yahweh-shammah): Ezekiel 48:35.

¹ Philo, de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529.

² Friedrich Böttcher, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Bö § 88).

³ Paul de Lagarde, Symmicta (Lag Sym i.14).

⁴ Samuel Rolles Driver, Studia Biblica (Dr Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.).

⁵ Eberhard Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT).

Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κυρίου κυρίῳ κύριον κύριε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3068:

κύριοσ 2605× (41.8%)

κυρίου 1742× (27.8%)

κυρίῳ 598× (8.8%)

κύριον 473× (7.1%)

κύριε 336× (5.4%)

--- 129× (2.1%)

'' 95× (1.3%)

θεὸσ 76× (1.0%)

θεοῦ 69× (0.9%)

θεῷ 28× (0.4%)

שבתי שַׁבְתִּי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שוב

shûwb

Definition

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again; ((break, build, circumcise, dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge, make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) [idiom] again, (cause to) answer ([phrase] again), [idiom] in any case (wise), [idiom] at all, averse, bring (again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back), cease, [idiom] certainly, come again (back), [idiom] consider, [phrase] continually, convert, deliver (again), [phrase] deny, draw back, fetch home again, [idiom] fro, get (oneself) (back) again, [idiom] give (again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see) more, [idiom] needs, be past, [idiom] pay, pervert, pull in again, put (again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh, relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve, (cause to, make to) return, reverse, reward, [phrase] say nay, send back, set again, slide back, still, [idiom] surely, take back (off), (cause to, make to) turn (again, self again, away, back, back again, backward, from, off), withdraw.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7725

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 755

to return to

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1389

Intransitive: properly, to turn; to turn away from; to revolve; to come back or revert to; to be restored; to return home; to remain behind.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1391

To turn, turn back, return (intransitive); to turn about, turn away (i.e., not to expect war), to convert, repent, to turn the face, to turn the hand (for attack or protection), to turn away anger (of God or man); to drive back, to withhold, to hinder, to lead back.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Aramaic example of interchange with ת.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Example of interchange of שׁ and ת.

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1390

To turn back, to return (to an earlier state, place, or person). To be converted, to repent (turn to God). Also, to repeat (used commonly with another verb to express the idea of doing again).

שׁוּב

adverb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1390

Again, besides, in addition (used as an adverb, often abridged or associated with the infinitive לָשׁוּב).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שׂוֹב

verb • Root שיב • Page 635

To have gray hairs; see שֵׂיב.

שׁוּב

verb / fut. יָשׁוּב / apoc. יָשֵׁב • Page 657

1. to turn, turn back, return. Gen. 27: 45. 2 Chr. 30: 9. 2. to cease, desist, from a purpose or from evil. Jer. 4: 28. Ezek. 18: 24. 3. to turn back from a person.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Page 658

To turn back, to return. (2) Spoken of things without life, to go or come back (Is. 29:17, Gen. 3:19). (3) Joined with another verb, forms a periphrasis of 'again' or 'anew' (Gen. 30:31 אָשׁוּבָה, 2 K. 1:13 וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּשְׁלַח). (4) Causative, to lead or bring back (Num. 10:36). (5) Particularly in the phrase שׁוּב שְׁבוּת 'to bring back captives' (Ezek. 35:9).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7725

I. שׁוּב (approximate number of occurrences: 1056) verb — turn back, return.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew שׁוּב idem
• Moabite (Mesha Inscription^{8f. 12}) השיב (Hiph`il)
• Sabean תֿיב, התֿב (especially requite)
• Arabic ثاب return
• Aramaic תּוּב, 𐡕𐡅𐡁

— Qal₆₈₅ Perfect שָׁב Genesis 18:33 +, 3 feminine singular שָׁ֫בָה Ruth 1:15 +, וְשָׁבַת consecutive Ezekiel 46:17 (GKC^{§ 72o}), 2 masculine singular שַׁבְתָּ Psalm 85:2; Imperfect יָשׁוּב Hosea 11:5 +, יָשֻׁב Psalm 146:4; Lamentations 3:3, jussive יָשֹׁב Judges 7:3 +, וַיָּ֫שָׁב Genesis 26:18 +; Imperative שׁוּב Genesis 31:3 +, שֻׁב Exodus 4:19, שׁוּ֫בָה Hosea 14:2 +; Infinitive absolute שׁוֺב Genesis 8:3 +, construct שׁוּב Exodus 4:21 +, שֹׁב Joshua 2:16 (GKC^{§ 72q}); Participle שָׁב Genesis 43:18 +, passive construct שׁוּבֵי Micah 2:8.

1. Turn back

• With מִן local Judges 3:19; Judges 8:13
• From following מֵאַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 11:15; Ruth 1:16
• From pursuing 1 Samuel 17:53; 2 Samuel 2:26, 30
• In fear Job 39:22; Proverbs 30:30
• Figurative of repulse or defeat Psalm 9:4; Psalm 74:21
• From a promise or vow Judges 11:35

2. Return, come or go back

• From person מֵעַל 1 Samuel 17:15; 2 Samuel 10:14
• From foreign land 2 Kings 8:3; Ruth 1:6; Ezra 6:21
• Going back and forth עֹבֵר וָשָׁב Zechariah 7:14; Ezekiel 35:7

3. Return unto

a. Go back

• To person or location Genesis 21:32; Genesis 28:21; Numbers 23:5
• To God (+ אֶל) Exodus 5:22; Exodus 32:31

b. Come back

• To person or location Genesis 8:9; Exodus 24:14
• From exile Joshua 1:15; Zechariah 1:16

4. Of dying and revival

a. Of dying

• To the dust אֶלֿ(הֶ)עָפָר Genesis 3:19; Psalm 104:29; Ecclesiastes 3:20
• To Sheol Psalm 9:18

b. Of revival

• Return to house Job 7:10; 2 Samuel 12:13

5. Figurative of human relations

• Return to leader or king Judges 11:8; 1 Kings 12:27
• Return to state or course of life Isaiah 23:17; Ezekiel 16:55
• Change course of action Jeremiah 34:15; Job 6:29

6. Figurative specifically of spiritual relations

a. Apostatize (turn back from God)

• Numbers 14:43; 1 Samuel 15:11; 1 Kings 9:6

b. Turn back to God (repent)

• Hosea 6:1; Hosea 14:3; 1 Kings 8:33
• Repent (absolute) Isaiah 6:10; Jeremiah 4:1

c. God's anger turning away

• Exodus 32:12; Deuteronomy 13:18; Jonah 3:9

7. Of inanimate things

• Waters Genesis 8:3; Exodus 14:26
• Wind Psalm 78:39; Shadow 2 Kings 20:9
• Sword 2 Samuel 1:22; Word Isaiah 45:23
• Restoration to healthy condition 1 Kings 13:6; Exodus 4:7

8. Denoting repetition

+ verb, return (and) do = do again:

• Genesis 26:18; 1 Samuel 3:5, 6
• Jeremiah 18:4; Malachi 1:4

9. Transitive

In phrase שׁוּב שְׁבוּת restore captivity:

• Isaiah 52:8; Psalm 85:5; Nahum 2:3

— Po`el 1. Bring back: Jeremiah 50:19; Ezekiel 39:27; Isaiah 49:5. 2. Restore, refresh: Psalm 23:3; Isaiah 58:12. 3. Lead away (entice): Ezekiel 38:4; Isaiah 47:10. 4. Apostatize: Jeremiah 8:5.

— Pu`lal Participle feminine מְשׁוֺבֶ֫בֶת Ezekiel 38:8 restored.

— Hiph`il₃₅₃ Perfect הֵשִׁיב Genesis 41:13 +, הֱשִׁיבוֺתָ Psalm 85:4; Imperfect יָשִׁיב Exodus 21:34 +, וַיָּ֫שֶׁב Genesis 20:14 +; Imperative הָשֵׁב Genesis 20:7 +; Infinitive construct הָשִׁיב Genesis 42:35 +.

1. Cause to return, bring back

• From exile 1 Kings 8:34; Jeremiah 27:22
• Recover, rescue Genesis 14:16; Psalm 35:17
• Put back / Draw back: Genesis 29:3; Exodus 4:7; Lamentations 2:3
• Give back, restore, pay back: Genesis 20:14; Deuteronomy 24:13; Leviticus 25:27
• Requital: 1 Samuel 6:8; Psalm 72:10

2. Refreshing and Reporting

• Refresh soul (נֶפֶשׁ) Lamentations 1:11; Psalm 19:8
• Bring back word, report, answer Genesis 37:14; Numbers 22:8; 1 Kings 12:6

3. Turning away and Revoking

• Repel, defeat, reject 2 Kings 18:24; Isaiah 14:27; 1 Kings 2:16
• Turn away face or anger Numbers 25:11; Proverbs 15:1; Psalm 78:38
• Reverse, revoke judgment or blessing Amos 1:3; Numbers 23:20

— Hoph`al Perfect הוּשַׁב Genesis 42:28 returned; Participle הַמּוּשָׁב Genesis 43:12; Imperfect וַיוּשַׁב Exodus 10:8 was brought back.

Aramaic

I. תּוּב (Biblical Hebrew שׁוּב) verb — return.

1. Pe`al return (of brightness or knowledge)
   • Imperfect יְתוּב Daniel 4:33
   • Imperfect Daniel 4:31
2. Haph`el restore, return (answer)
   • Perfect הֲתִיב Daniel 2:14
   • Perfect הֲתִיבוּנָא Ezra 5:11
   • Imperfect יַהֲתִיבוּן Ezra 6:5
   • Infinitive לַהֲתָבוּתָח Daniel 3:16

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

³ Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS).

Verb Qal perfect first person common singular

LXX: ἐπέστρεψεν ἀπέστρεψεν ἐπιστρέψαι ἐπιστρέψει ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H7725:

ἐπέστρεψεν 58× (5.0%)

ἀπέστρεψεν 36× (3.2%)

ἐπιστρέψαι 35× (2.9%)

ἐπιστρέψει 30× (2.6%)

'' 24× (2.0%)

ἀποστρέψαι 23× (1.8%)

ἀποστρέψω 21× (1.9%)

ἀνέστρεψεν 21× (1.9%)

πάλιν 21× (1.8%)

ἐπιστρέψω 20× (1.8%)

לירושלם לִירוּשָׁלִַם

to Foundation of Peace

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ירושל͏ם

Yᵉrûwshâlaim

Definition

Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine

Root

rarely ירושלים; a dual (in allusion to its two main hills (the true pointing, at least of the former reading, seems to be that of H3390 (ירושלם))); probably from (the passive participle of) H3384 (ירה) and H7999 (שלם); founded peaceful;

Exhaustive

rarely ירושלים; a dual (in allusion to its two main hills (the true pointing, at least of the former reading, seems to be that of ירושלם)); probably from (the passive participle of) ירה and שלם; founded peaceful; Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine; Jerusalem.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3389

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְרוּשָׁלֵם

unknown • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1438

see יְרוּשָׁלַיִם.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְרוּשָׁלַ֫םִ

noun proper feminine • Root ירה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 647

Jerusalem. (originating in יְרֻשָׁלֵם) n. p. f. the metropolis of the Israelite kingdom from David onward.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם

proper noun • Root , ירה שלם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 648

Jerusalem, the name of a city in Palestine. The name was also used for its inhabitants, and poetically as an image of beauty.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְרוּשְׁלֵם

proper noun (aramaic) • Root ירושלם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 648

An alternate Aramaic name for Jerusalem.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְרוּשְׁלֶם

proper noun (aramaic) • Root ירושלם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 648

The Aramaic name for Jerusalem.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְרוּשָׁלַם

proper name • Page 682

Jerusalem. Gen. 14:18. Ps. 76:3. Its appellative signification here is health, peace, i. q. שָׁלוֹם.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3389

I. יֲרוּשָׁלַ֫םִ, יְרוּשָׁלַ֫יִם (approximate number of occurrences: 644) proper name of a location — Jerusalem.

Cognates and Versions:

• Assyrian Urusalim (Tel Amarna¹)
• Assyrian Ursalimmu (COT²)
• Greek Ιερουσαλημ (Septuagint)

— יְרוּשָׁלַ֫םִ (Qr perpetuum) Joshua 10:10 +; יְרוּשָׁלָ֑םִ 1 Samuel 17:54 +; ־ַ֫יִם ending 5 times according to Masora³, namely Jeremiah 26:18; 1 Chronicles 3:5; 2 Chronicles 25:1; 2 Chronicles 32:9; Esther 2:6 (also on Maccabean coins⁴); with ה locative יְרוּשָׁלַ֫מֳה 1 Kings 10:2; Isaiah 36:2; Ezekiel 8:3; לָ֑מֳה 2 Kings 9:28; with prefixes בִּירוּשָׁלַ֫םִ 2 Samuel 9:13 +; לִירוּשָׁלַ֫םִ 2 Kings 18:22 +; מִירוּשָׁלַ֫םִ 2 Samuel 15:11 +; וִירוּשָׁלַ֫םִ 2 Kings 23:1 + etc.

1. Etymology and Meaning

Root and meaning dubious; Reland, Ewald and others derive from יְרוּשׁ שׁלם possession of peace; Gesenius (Thesaurus) and others from יָרָה, i.e., יְרוּ + שָׁלֵם a foundation of peace; Grill⁵ foundation of Shalem (Shalem = God of peace, = יהוה); but name not certainly Hebrew. Sayce and Jastrow suggest Uru (city) + Salim (proper name of a divinity).

2. Historical Usage

a. Canaanite and early history

• First named as city of Canaanite Adoni-Zedek Joshua 10:1, 3, 5, 23 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); compare Joshua 12:10 (Deuteronomic Source).
• Inhabited by Jebusites Joshua 15:63 (Priestly Code), Judges 1:21, compare Judges 1:7.
• Identification with יְבוּס Judges 19:10 and הַיְבוּסִי Joshua 15:8; Joshua 18:28 (Priestly Code).
• Captured by Judah Judges 1:8.

b. Capital of the Monarchy

• First named in connection with David 1 Samuel 17:54.
• Taken possession of by David as king 2 Samuel 5:6.
• David's royal seat 2 Samuel 5:5, 13–14; 2 Samuel 8:7; 2 Samuel 11:1.
• Remained the capital until taken by Nebuchadrezzar B.C. 588 2 Kings 25:1.

c. Post-exilic period

• Chief home of the returned exiles Ezra 1:11; Ezra 2:11; Nehemiah 2:11, 17.

3. Cross-references

See also proper name of a location יְבוּס and שָׁלֵם.

¹ H. Zimmern, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie (ZA), 1891, 252, 254.

² E. Schrader, Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (COT).

³ S. Frensdorff, Massora Magna, Page 293, Hannover, 1876.

⁴ M. A. Levy, Geschichte der jüdischen Münzen, 1862, 42 f.

⁵ Grill, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW), 1884, 134 ff.

Preposition, Noun proper name

LXX: ιερουσαλημ pεἰσ --- ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3389:

ιερουσαλημ 564× (80.9%)

pεἰσ 47× (7.5%)

ιερουσαλημ 25× (3.4%)

--- 16× (2.6%)

'' 12× (1.6%)

pἐν 11× (1.8%)

pἐπὶ 5× (0.8%)

[a] 2× (0.2%)

ברחמים בְּרַחֲמִים

in the hand

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

רחם

racham

Definition

compassion (in the plural); by extension, the womb (as cherishing the fetus); by implication, a maiden

Root

from H7355 (רחם);

Exhaustive

from רחם; compassion (in the plural); by extension, the womb (as cherishing the fetus); by implication, a maiden; bowels, compassion, damsel, tender love, (great, tender) mercy, pity, womb.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7356

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רַחַם

noun masculine • Root רחם • Strongs / High • Page 1334

The name of a sort of vulture, characterized by its spotted appearance.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּ

preposition • Page 84

A preposition with various meanings: 4. by (swearing, Gen. 22:16); 5. through (Num. 12:2); 6. upon (Num. 14:10); 7. to a place or thing (Judg. 6:35); 8. against (Gen. 16:12); 9. concerning (after 'to speak'); 10. out of, from (Gen. 44:5); 11. among; 12. before (Gen. 23:18); 13. for (Deut. 19:21); 14. on account of (Gen. 18:28); 15. after, according to (Gen. 1:26); 16. as (Job 34:36); 17. used with verbs of sense; 18. Beth essentiae (Jehovah is among my helpers, Ps. 118:7); 19. before an infinitive: when, while, after, since (Gen. 2:4).

בּ

prefix • Page 83

A prefix preposition with various meanings: 1. In or into a place/subject. 2. With, denoting an instrument, aid, or concomitance. 3. On, at, or near.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7356

I. רֶ֫חֶם, רַ֫חַם noun masculine Hosea 9:14 (feminine Jeremiah 20:17, unless הֲרַת a noun, compare Albr¹) — womb.

— רֶחֶם absolute Genesis 20:18 +; רַ֫חַם Judges 5:30; רָ֑חֶם Jeremiah 20:17 +; רָ֑חַם Genesis 49:25 +; construct רֶ֫חֶם Numbers 12:12, Job 3:11; suffix רַחְמָהּ Genesis 29:31 +; רַחְמָהֿ Jeremiah 20:17 (GKC² § 91e); dual רַחֲמָתַיִם Judges 5:30.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Biological womb

• Genesis 49:25 (Jehovist Source)
• Jeremiah 20:17
• Job 24:20
• מֵרֶחֶם i.e. from birth Jeremiah 20:17; Psalm 22:11; Psalm 58:4; Job 3:11 (מִנִּי); Isaiah 46:3
• figurative Psalm 110:3
• בָּרֶחֶם Job 31:15

b. Childbirth and opening the womb

• יצא מֵרֶחֶם go forth from womb in birth Jeremiah 1:5; Jeremiah 20:18; Job 38:8, compare Job 10:18
• מֵרֶחֶם אֵם Numbers 12:12 (Elohist Source)
• פתח רֶחֶם open the womb Genesis 29:31; Genesis 30:22 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• כָּל־פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם all that first opens womb (of men and animals) Exodus 13:12, 15; Exodus 34:19 (Jehovist Source); Numbers 18:15 (Priests' Code / Narrative); Ezekiel 20:26
• פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם Numbers 3:12 (Priests' Code / Narrative); פִּטְרַת כָּל־רֶחֶם Numbers 8:16; פֶּטֶר כָּל־רֶחֶם Exodus 13:2 (Priests' Code / Narrative)

c. Conditions of the womb

• רֶחֶם מַשְׁכִּיל miscarrying womb Hosea 9:14
• עֹצֶר רֶחֶם restraint (i.e. barrenness) of womb Proverbs 30:16 (so Psalm 107:36 Perles⁷)
• עָצַר בְּעַד רֶחֶם (of God) Genesis 20:18 (Elohist Source)
• סָגַר רֶחֶם (בְּעַד) 1 Samuel 1:5–6, preventing childbirth

2. Secondary Meaning

a. womb-man, woman-slave

• רַחַם רַחֲמָתַיִם Judges 5:30 a woman, two women.

II. רַחֲמִים noun masculine 2 Samuel 24:14 — compassion (absolute plural intensive; according to many denominative from רֶחֶם, originally brotherhood, brotherly feeling, of those born from same womb, see Nö⁴; We⁵; Gerber⁶; or motherly feeling Kö³).

— absolute רַחֲמִים Genesis 43:14 +; construct רַחֲמֵי Proverbs 12:10; suffix רַחֲמָיו Lamentations 3:22 (Baer Gi; van d. H. Qr, Kt רחמו), 2 Samuel 24:14 Qr (> Kt רחמו).

1. compassion: usually of God
   • Isaiah 63:7, 15; Psalm 77:10; Psalm 79:8; Psalm 119:77; Zechariah 1:16; Daniel 9:9; Nehemiah 9:28
   • with רַבִּים 2 Samuel 24:14 = 1 Chronicles 21:13; Nehemiah 9:19, 27, 31; Psalm 119:156; Daniel 9:18
   • גְּדוֹלִים Isaiah 54:7; parallel with חֶסֶד Psalm 40:12; Psalm 103:4; Hosea 2:21; Jeremiah 16:5; חֲסָדִים Psalm 25:6
   • כְּרֹב רַחֲמֶיךָ Psalm 51:3; Psalm 69:17
   • with עַל of thing Psalm 145:9
   • נָתַן רַחֲמִים לְ־ Deuteronomy 13:18; Jeremiah 42:12; לֹא כָלוּ רַחֲמָיו Lamentations 3:22
2. of man
   • Amos 1:11; Proverbs 12:10; עָשָׂה רַחֲמִים Zechariah 7:9
   • נָתַן רַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי Genesis 43:14 (Redactor); 1 Kings 8:50; Nehemiah 1:11; Daniel 1:9; Psalm 106:46, compare 2 Chronicles 30:9
   • שָׂם רַחֲמִים לְ־ Isaiah 47:6; נִכְמְרוּ רַחֲמִים אֶל Genesis 43:30 (Jehovist Source), with עַל 2 Kings 3:26

¹ Karl Albrecht, Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) xvi, 81.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ Eduard König, Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

⁴ Theodor Nöldeke, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG) xl (1886), 151.

⁵ Julius Wellhausen, GGN 1893, 475.

⁶ W. J. Gerber, Die hebräischen Verba denominativa (1896), 126.

⁷ Felix Perles, Analekten zur Textkritik des Alten Testaments (1895), 85.

Preposition, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: οἰκτιρμοῖσ ἔλεοσ οἰκτιρμοὺσ οἰκτιρμῶν οἰκτιρμοί

LXX Usage Statistics

H7356b:

οἰκτιρμοῖσ 7× (15.9%)

ἔλεοσ 5× (12.3%)

οἰκτιρμοὺσ 4× (9.9%)

οἰκτιρμῶν 4× (9.4%)

οἰκτιρμοί 3× (7.4%)

οἰκτιρμοὶ 3× (7.0%)

χάριν 2× (5.4%)

'' 2× (4.9%)

ביתי בֵּיתִי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בית

bayith

Definition

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

Root

probably from H1129 (בנה) abbreviated;

Exhaustive

probably from בנה abbreviated; a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.); court, daughter, door, [phrase] dungeon, family, [phrase] forth of, [idiom] great as would contain, hangings, home(born), (winter) house(-hold), inside(-ward), palace, place, [phrase] prison, [phrase] steward, [phrase] tablet, temple, web, [phrase] within(-out).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1004

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בִּית

verb • Root בית • Consonantal / Medium • Page 230

To pass the night.

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine • Root בות • Consonantal / Medium • Page 237

house in the widest sense, consequently also tent, hut, tower, palace, temple

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine (aramaic) • Consonantal / Medium • Page 239

The same [as Hebrew 'house']; king's house; temple; treasury; banquet-house.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בַּּיִת

noun • Page 97

A city of Moab, Is. 15:2. Elsewhere written more in full as בֵּית בַּעַל מְעוֹן.

בַּיִת

noun masculine • Root בות • Page 96

1. House, dwelling (Gen. 15:3, Ecc. 2:7). 2. Tent (Gen. 33:17, 2 K. 23:7). 3. Palace, temple (Gen. 12:15, 1 Sam. 5:2, 1 K. 4:6, Is. 14:18). 4. Applied to part of a house or palace, e.g., banqueting-hall (Est. 7:8) or harem (Est. 2:3). 5. Repository, place, or container of any thing, e.g., smelling bottles (Is. 3:20), places for staves (Ex. 26:29), spider's web (Job 8:14), trench (1 K. 18:32), or tomb (Neh. 2:3). 6. The inner part, within (Ex. 28:26, Gen. 6:14). 7. Figuratively: family, kindred, tribe, people (Ex. 12:4, Gen. 7:1, Hos. 8:1). 8. Particularly posterity (Ruth 4:11, 2 Sam. 7:27). 9. Strictly one's father's house (Gen. 24:23, 46:31, Num. 1:2).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1004

I. בַּיִת (approximate number of occurrences: 2034) noun masculine Deuteronomy 8:12 — house.

Cognates:

• Phoenician בית
• MI בית
• Suffix ביתיה
• Arabic الحمد
• Aramaic בַּיְתָא
• Assyrian bītu
• COT Gloss
• Sabean בית, בת
• Fortress DHM ZMG 1883, 387
• Temple Hal 257 DHM ZMG 1876, 697
• Ethiopic ብር Palmyrene in בית עלמא, בית מקברתא sepulchre Vog 32, 64 and others

Etymology dubious; Thes √ בות, Aramaic בּוּת,ܠܐ spend the night, Arabic باب Ethiopic አርትስ but this perhaps denominative, & בית from √ לרץ with ת afform. compare Sta §187 a

— בַּיִת absolute Exodus 12:30 +; בָּיִת Genesis 33:17 +; בַּיִתָה (ָה locative) Psalm 68:7 +; construct בֵּית Genesis 12:15 +; suffix בֵּיתִי Genesis 15:2 +; בֵּיתְךָ Genesis 7:1 +, etc.; הַבַּיִתָה, בַּיִתָה (in) to the house, homeward, Genesis 19:10; Psalm 68:7 +; also בֵּיתָה (in) to the house of ...; plural בָּתִּים Exodus 1:21 + (i.e. battîm, see Nöldeke in Mei Archaeology i. 456 f., compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §96); construct בָּתֵּי Exodus 8:17 +; suffix בָּתֶּיךָ Exodus 10:6; בָּתֵּיו 1 Chronicles 28:11; בָּתֵּינוּ Exodus 12:27 +; בָּתֵּיכֶם Genesis 42:19; בָּתֵּיהֶם Numbers 16:32 +; ( בָּתֵּימוֹ Psalm 49:12), etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. House as dwelling habitation

• Genesis 19:2, 3, 4, 11
• Genesis 27:15
• Genesis 33:17 (object of בָּנָה)
• Exodus 12:7 + often
• מִשְׁבַּת בָּתִּים Leviticus 25:29 (compare בַּיִת לְשִׁבְתִּיִם 2 Samuel 7:5)
• Deuteronomy 6:9
• Deuteronomy 11:20
• Joshua 2:15
• Judges 16:26 f.
• Supported by pillars 2 Samuel 11:12 etc.
• See especially temple and king's house in Jerusalem 1 Kings 5-7 etc.
• Compare Song of Solomon 1:7
• Jeremiah 22:14
• Of Ezekiel's temple Ezekiel 40 f.
• בָּתֵּי סְפוּנִים of luxurious houses Haggai 1:4
• בָּנָה בָּתִּים טוֹבִים Deuteronomy 8:12
• בָּנָה בַּיִת חָדָשׁ Deuteronomy 20:5
• Compare Deuteronomy 22:8
• Also with בָּנָה Deuteronomy 28:30 + often
• Particularly in J occasionally of tent Genesis 27:15
• Compare Genesis 33:17 (with בָּנָה; here of nomad's hut)
• Usually of solid materials, with doorposts, etc. Exodus 12:7
• Walls Leviticus 14:37, 39, of stones, timber & mortar Leviticus 14:45 (compare Leviticus 14:40; 42; 43)
• So also Joshua 2:15
• With roof on which one could walk 2 Samuel 11:12 etc.
• Of cedar בֵּית אֲרָזִים 2 Samuel 7:2, 7 = 1 Chronicles 17:1 ( בֵּית הָא 1 Chronicles 17:6)
• בֵּית הַשֶּׁנִי 1 Kings 22:39 compare Amos 3:15
• בֵּית יַעַר הַלְּבָנוֹן 1 Kings 7:2
• 2 Chronicles 9:20
• בֵּית הַיַּעַר Isaiah 22:8
• Before word of quality or characteristic, בֵּית אֵבֶל Ecclesiastes 7:2 "" בֵּית מִשְׁתֶּה Ecclesiastes 7:4 "" בֵּית שִׂמְחָה
• בֵּית מַרְזֵחַ Jeremiah 16:5
• בֵּית מִשְׁתֶּה Jeremiah 16:8
• בֵּית חֲמֻדֹּתִי Ezekiel 26:12
• בֵּית תַּעֲנוּגֵי הָהָּ Micah 2:9
• Compare בֵּית מְרִי rebellious house below 5 d below

b. House as shelter or abode of animals

• 1 Samuel 6:7, 10 compare Exodus 9:19
• בֵּית עַכָּבִישׁ spider's web Job 8:14 (compare בָּנָה כָּעָשׁ בֵּיתוֹ Job 27:18)
• צִמְּרוֹר מָצָא הָה בֵּיתוֹ Psalm 84:4 ("" קֵן)
• חֲסִידָה בְּרוֹשִׁים בֵּיתָה Psalm 104:17 (compare "" & Cheyne)
• Proverbs 30:26 (of the שְׁפַנִּים 'conies')

c. Figurative of human bodies

• בָּתֵּי חֹמֶר houses of clay Job 4:19, compare in phrase שֹׁמְרֵי הַבַּיִת keepers of the house, i.e. the arms Ecclesiastes 12:3
• See further בֵּית מְגוּרִי Psalm 119:54

d. Of Sheol

• שְׁאוֹל בֵּיתִי Job 17:13, compare בֵּית מוֹעֵד לְכָל חָי Job 30:23 ("" מָוֶת)
• בֵּית עוֹלָם Ecclesiastes 12:5 (perhaps = tomb, see Delitzsch)

e. Of abode of light & darkness

• Job 38:20

f. Of land of Ephraim as Yahweh's house

• Hosea 8:1
• Hosea 9:15 (compare בֵּית אָרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל Hosea 9:3)

g. Place

• Of Jerusalem בֵּית קִבְרוֹת אֲבֹתִי Nehemiah 2:3 ("" עִיר Nehemiah 2:5), compare also proper name compounded with בֵּית, below, & בֵּית מַמְלָכָה Amos 7:13 (predicate of Bethel)
• בֵּית נְתִיבוֹת Proverbs 8:2 i.e. where paths meet RV
• אֲבָנִים בֵּית Job 8:17
• On both these see בֵּית below [בַּיִן] p. 108

h. Receptacle

• תְּעָלָה כְּבֵּית שְׁנֵי סְאִים a trench like a receptacle of two seahs 1 Kings 18:32
• בָּתֵּי נֵפֶשׁ vials of perfume Isaiah 3:20
• Especially בָּתִּים לְבַדִּים holders for the staves, i.e. rings, טַבָּעַת ib.; so Exodus 25:27; Exodus 37:14, 27; Exodus 38:5; compare בָּתִּים לְבַרִּיחִים Exodus 26:29; Exodus 36:34 holders for the bars (all P, & all explained by טַבָּעַת)
• בֵּית לָהָה סָבִיב its [construct as Psalm 58:5] house (= enclosing cage) was round about (strike out B Hi Co) Ezekiel 1:27

i. House as containing a family, hence household, family

• יְלִידֵי בֵּיתוֹ Genesis 14:14
• Compare Genesis 17:12 (opposed to מִקְנַת כַּסְפֶּךָ) Genesis 17:13 (all "" id.) figurative of Israel Jeremiah 2:14 ("" עֶבֶד)
• Compare בֶּן בֵּיתִי Genesis 15:3
• בְּנֵי בַּיִת הָיָה לִי Ecclesiastes 2:7 (as token of wealth & prosperity)
• Of one's sister מוֹלֶדֶת בַּיִת Leviticus 18:19 ("" חוּץ בָּמָה compare below)
• אֲנָשִׁים בֵּיתוֹ Genesis 17:27
• בְּנֵי בַּיִת Genesis 36:6
• כָּל נֶפֶשׁ לְבֵית יַעֲקֹב Genesis 46:27

j. Household, family (592 times)

• Ordinary sense, those belonging to the same household Genesis 7:1
• Genesis 12:1, 17 +, Deuteronomy 6:22
• Deuteronomy 11:6 +
• Hexateuch mostly J D
• E Genesis 35:2
• Genesis 42:33
• Genesis 50:22 compare Exodus 1:21 below
• P Genesis 36:6
• Exodus 1:1
• Exodus 12:4
• Leviticus 16:6, 11, 17
• Numbers 16:32
• Numbers 18:31
• Joshua 22:15
• Even where expressly said to inhabit tents Numbers 16:32
• Deuteronomy 11:6 אֶת בָּתֵּיהֶם וְאֶת אֲהָלֵיהֶם
• Specifically בֶּן זָקֵן בָּתִּי Genesis 24:2
• Compare Genesis 50:7 (of rank & dignity in household)
• Of a family of handicraftsmen מִשְׁפְּחוֹת בֵּית עֲבֹדַת הַבּוּץ 1 Chronicles 4:21 (see בּוּץ)
• Also, with figurative of house clearly in mind בְּמִשְׁקָלַת בָּתִּי 2 Kings 21:13
• בֵּית מִשְׁפָּתַי 2 Samuel 7:27
• Compare especially with proper name, e.g. בֵּית שָׁאוּל 2 Samuel 3:1 (twice in verse)
• 2 Samuel 3:6 (twice in verse)
• 2 Samuel 3:8, 10
• 2 Samuel 9:1, 2, 3, 9
• 2 Samuel 16:5 ( בֵּית שָׁאוּל בְּמִשְׁפָּחַת בָּתִּי )
• 2 Samuel 16:8
• 2 Samuel 19:18 (compare 2 Samuel 21:1 where read וְאֵל בֵּית דָּמִים so We Dr)
• 1 Chronicles 12:29
• בֵּית דָּוִד 2 Samuel 3:1, 6
• 2 Samuel 7:26 = 1 Chronicles 17:24 (compare context in both)
• 1 Kings 12:19 2 Chronicles 10:19, 20
• 2 Chronicles 10:26
• 2 Kings 17:21
• Isaiah 7:2, 13
• Jeremiah 21:12
• Zechariah 12:7, 8, 10, 12 ( בֵּית דָּוִד בְּמִשְׁפָּחַת בָּתִּי )
• Psalm 122:5
• יַרְבְּעָם בָּתִּי 1 Kings 13:34
• 1 Kings 14:10 (twice in verse)
• 1 Kings 14:13, 14
• 1 Kings 15:29
• 1 Kings 16:3
• 1 Kings 21:22
• 2 Kings 9:9
• 2 Kings 10:10, 11
• 2 Kings 21:13
• Micah 6:16
• 2 Chronicles 21:6
• 2 Chronicles 21:13
• 2 Chronicles 22:3
• 2 Chronicles 22:4
• 2 Chronicles 22:7
• 2 Chronicles 22:8
• Etc.

k. Especially of Hebrew people & subdivisions

• בֵּית יִשְׂחָק Amos 7:16
• עָשָׂו בָּתִּי Obadiah 1:18 (twice in verse)
• בֵּית יַעֲקֹב Genesis 46:27 (P) Exodus 19:3 (E) Amos 3:13
• Amos 9:8
• Micah 2:7
• Obadiah 1:17, 18
• Isaiah 8:17
• Isaiah 10:20
• Isaiah 14:1
• Isaiah 29:22
• Isaiah 46:3
• Isaiah 48:1
• Isaiah 58:1
• Jeremiah 2:4, 26 17 times Jeremiah
• Ezekiel 3:1, 4, 5, 7 (twice in verse) 75 times Ezekiel
• Also בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהוָה Ezekiel 9:9 + Ezekiel 25:8 Co
• יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּזֶרַע בָּתִּי Jeremiah 23:8
• Ezekiel 44:22 (Co strike out בֵּית)
• שְׁנֵי בָּתֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל Isaiah 8:14
• בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּזֶרַע בָּתִּי Ezekiel 20:5 (strike out Co)
• Most frequently בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל (Vrss & variant reading sometimes בֶּן see בֶּן) Hexateuch Exodus 16:31
• Exodus 40:38
• Leviticus 10:6
• Numbers 20:29 (all P)
• Leviticus 17:3, 8, 10
• Leviticus 22:18 (H)
• Joshua 21:43 (D)
• 1 Samuel 7:2 8 times Samuel Kings
• Hosea 1:4, 6
• Hosea 5:1
• Hosea 6:10
• Hosea 12:1
• 7 times Amos
• Micah 1:5
• Micah 3:1, 9
• Isaiah 5:7
• Isaiah 14:2
• Also Isaiah 46:3
• Isaiah 63:7
• Zechariah 8:13
• But especially Jeremiah 2:4, 26 17 times Jeremiah
• Ezekiel 3:1, 4, 5, 7 (twice in verse) 75 times Ezekiel
• Also בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהוָה Ezekiel 9:9 + Ezekiel 25:8 Co
• בֵּית מְרִי rebellious house (of Israel) Ezekiel 2:5, 6
• Ezekiel 3:9, 26, 27
• Ezekiel 12:2, 3
• & הַמְּרִי בָּתִּי Ezekiel 2:8
• Ezekiel 12:2, 9, 25
• Ezekiel 17:12
• Ezekiel 24:3 [+ Ezekiel 44:6 Co]
• בֵּית יְהוּדָה 2 Samuel 2:4, 7, 10, 11
• 1 Kings 12:21 2 Chronicles 11:1
• 2 Kings 19:30 = Isaiah 37:31
• Isaiah 22:21
• Hosea 1:7
• Hosea 5:12, 14
• Zephaniah 2:7
• Zechariah 8:13, 15, 19
• Zechariah 10:3, 6
• Zechariah 12:4
• & especially Jeremiah 3:18 9 times Jeremiah
• Ezekiel 4:6 4 times Ezekiel + Ezekiel 9:9 above
• Also יְהוּדָה וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּתִּי 1 Kings 12:23
• מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה בָּתִּי Jeremiah 21:11
• Jeremiah 22:6
• יֹסֵף בָּתִּי Genesis 50:8
• Joshua 17:17
• Joshua 18:5 (all J E)
• Judges 1:22, 23, 35
• 2 Samuel 19:21
• 1 Kings 11:28
• Amos 5:6
• Obadiah 1:18
• Zechariah 10:6
• אֶפְרַיִם בָּתִּי Judges 10:9
• בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּתִּי 2 Samuel 3:19 compare 1 Kings 12:23 above
• לֵוִי בָּתִּי Exodus 2:1 (E) Numbers 17:23 (P) Zechariah 12:13 ( בֵּית לֵוִי בְּמִשְׁפָּחַת בָּתִּי )
• Psalm 135:20
• אַהֲרֹן בָּתִּי Psalm 115:10
• Psalm 115:12
• Psalm 118:3
• Psalm 135:19

l. Technically, yet with some looseness of usage, בֵּית אָב father's house, of family or clan, plural בָּתֵּי אָבוֹת father-houses, families (e.g. Numbers 1:2) (79 times; only P & Chronicles)

• Exodus 6:14
• Exodus 12:3
• Numbers 1:2, 4, 18 41 times Numbers
• Joshua 22:14 (twice in verse)
• 1 Chronicles 4:38
• 1 Chronicles 5:13 25 times Chronicles
• Ezra 2:59
• Ezra 10:16
• Nehemiah 7:61
• Nehemiah 10:35
• = tribe Numbers 17:17 (twice in verse)
• Numbers 17:18
• Numbers 17:21
• = main division of tribe Numbers 3:20, 24 +, compare Numbers 34:14 (twice in verse) etc.
• Further sub-division Exodus 12:3
• 1 Chronicles 7:2, 7 +
• Compare especially 1 Chronicles 23:11 Jeush and Beriah had not many sons, therefore they became לְבֵית אָב לְפִקֻּדָּה אַחַת (compare רָאשֵׁי אָבוֹת, below אָב)

m. House, including household affairs, persons, property, etc.

• וַיִּפְקְדֵהוּ עַל בֵּיתוֹ Genesis 39:4 compare Genesis 39:5
• אֲשֶׁר עַל בֵּיתוֹ Genesis 44:1, 4
• Hence אִישׁ עַל הַבַּיִת as title of governor of the palace (Ewald H iii. 269) Isaiah 22:15
• Isaiah 36:3 compare 1 Kings 4:6
• 2 Kings 15:5
• In Israel 1 Kings 16:9
• 1 Kings 18:3
• 2 Kings 10:5
• Further 2 Samuel 17:23
• 2 Kings 20:1 = Isaiah 38:1
• Hence of personal property 1 Kings 13:8 אִם תִּתֶּן לִי אֶת חֲצִי בֵּיתֶךָ
• Family and property (everything on which one depends) Job 8:15

n. בַּיִתָה, בָּיְתָה, literally housewards, hence metaphor inwards

• Exodus 28:26 = Exodus 39:19 (that is, of the ephod)
• 1 Kings 7:25 2 Chronicles 4:4 (that is, of the circle of oxen supporting the molten sea)
• 2 Samuel 5:9 מִן הַמִּלּוֹא וָבָיְתָה from the Millo and inward
• Ezekiel 44:17

o. מִבַּיִת a. adverb on the inside (of a building, chest, etc.: opposed to מִחוּץ)

• Genesis 6:14
• Exodus 25:11 = Exodus 37:2
• Leviticus 14:41
• 1 Kings 6:15, 16
• 2 Kings 6:30 (of a person's clothes)
• Ezekiel 7:15
• So with ה locative מִבַּיִתָה 1 Kings 6:15

p. מִבַּיִת לְ (construct Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §130, 1 n.) preposition within (opposed to מִחוּץ לְ)

• מִבַּיִת לַמִּשְׁכָּן within the veil Exodus 26:33
• Leviticus 16:2, 12
• Numbers 18:7 לְכָל דְּבַר הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וּלְמִבַּיִת לַמִּשְׁכָּן for everything of the altar, and for (that) within the veil
• 1 Kings 7:8, 31
• (read לְכַתְּפֹת; see VB & Stade ZAW 1883, 165)
• אֵלִים מִבַּיִת לְ (after a verb of motion) in within Leviticus 16:15
• 2 Kings 11:15 2 Chronicles 23:14

Note. — בית perhaps occurs abbreviated into ב in proper name בְּעֶשְׁתְּרוֹת q. v. so Thes and others; compare also Aramaic בּא = בית in like usage Lag Armen. Stud. §339; Se i. 51; GGA 1884, 276. בֵּית הַגָּן proper name, of a location? א5 Βαιθαν (Βαιθαγαν), א5 L Βαιθωρων, 2 Kings 9:27; modern Jenîn? see גַּן, below גָּן, and עֵין גַּנִּים; compare Stade Gesch i. 542. כְּלוּא Kt, כְּלִיאָה Qr noun [masculine] id.; — בֵּית הַכֶּלֶא Jeremiah 37:4; Jeremiah 52:31 (see כֶּלֶא above)

II. [בַּיִת] noun [feminine] suffix בֵּיתֶּךְ Ezekiel 16:36 where context favours meaning lust, harlotry.

III. בַּיִת 44 noun masculine Ezra 6:7 house (Biblical Hebrew בַּיִת); — emphatic בֵּיתָא Ezra 5:3 +, תָּא - Ezra 5:12; Ezra 6:15; construct בֵּית( Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:2 +; suffix בֵּיתִי Daniel 4:1 (Baer n., compare M §76 c; van d. H. Gi בֵּיתִי), בֵּיתָה Daniel 2:17 +; plural suffix בָּתֵּיכוֹן Daniel 2:5; — 1 house, of men: Ezra 6:11 (twice in verse); Daniel 2:5,17; Daniel 3:29; Daniel 6:11; of king Ezra 6:4; Daniel 4:4, מִשְׁתְּיָא בֵּית Daniel 5:10, גִּנְזַיָּא דִּי מַלְכָּא בֵּית Ezra 5:17, compare Ezra 7:20 = בֵּית סִפְרַיָּא וְגִנְזַיָּא בֵּית Ezra 6:1; מַלְכִין בֵּית Ezra 4:30 royal residence (of Babylonian). 2 house of God, temple at Jerusalem Daniel 5:3,23; Ezra 4:24 28 times Ezra.

¹ K. Albrecht

² M. Lidzbarski 322

³ D. H. Müller

⁴ Nöldeke in Mei Archaeology i. 456 f.

⁵ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §96

⁶ J

⁷ Driver Sm 29, n. 2

⁸ Vog 32, 64

⁹ DHM ZMG 1883, 387

¹⁰ Hal 257 DHM ZMG 1876, 697

¹¹ Palmyrene in בית עלמא, בית מקברתא sepulchre Vog 32, 64 and others

¹² Thes √ בות, Aramaic בּוּת,ܠܐ spend the night, Arabic باب Ethiopic አርትስ but this perhaps denominative, & בית from √ לרץ with ת afform. compare Sta §187 a

¹³ Ew H iii.718 & Klo

¹⁴ VB & Sta ZAW 1883, 165

¹⁵ We Dr

¹⁶ Co

¹⁷ Hi Co

¹⁸ B Hi Co

¹⁹ Lag Armen. Stud. §339; Se i. 51; GGA 1884, 276

²⁰ Wetzst Hauran 110 Kampffmeyer ZPV xv (1892). 111

²¹ Stade Gesch i. 542

²² Baer n., compare M §76 c; van d. H. Gi

²³ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (gender).

²⁴ † Hapax Legomenon (occurs only once in Scripture).

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: οἶκον οἴκου οἴκῳ οἶκοσ pεἰσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1004b:

οἶκον 503× (20.8%)

οἴκου 413× (18.3%)

οἴκῳ 323× (12.8%)

οἶκοσ 163× (7.1%)

pεἰσ 92× (4.6%)

οἴκουσ 89× (3.7%)

οἰκίαν 75× (3.1%)

pἐν 70× (3.4%)

--- 57× (2.8%)

'' 54× (2.3%)

יבנה יִבָּנֶה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בנה

bânâh

Definition

to build (literally and figuratively)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to build (literally and figuratively); (begin to) build(-er), obtain children, make, repair, set (up), [idiom] surely.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1129

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בָּנָה

verb • Root בנה • Strongs / High • Page 257

To set up, to place; 1. to build, to erect, establish, to raise (a house, palace, city, temple, etc.); to build up (what is destroyed), to rebuild; to fortify. 2. Figuratively: to establish family happiness, posterity; to set up a throne; to bestow prosperity or well-being; to establish.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בָּנָה

verb • Page 105

1. To build, erect, or make (Gen. 8:20, 12:7; Gen. 2:22 regarding the rib). 2. To rebuild or build up what has been destroyed (Am. 9:14, Ps. 122:3). 3. Figuratively used for persons or nations, to build them up or make them prosperous (Jer. 24:6, 31:4).

בָּנָה

verb • Page 106

(Continued from previous page) 4. to raise up, or give posterity to any one (Gen. 16:2). Niph. 1. to be built, rebuilt (Deut. 13:17). 2. figuratively to be built up, to be made prosperous (Jer. 12:16, Mal. 3:15).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1129

I. בָּנָה (approximate number of occurrences: 373) verb — build.

Cognates:

• Mesha Inscription בנה
• Nabatean¹ בנה
• Phoenician בן
• Arabic בני
• Assyrian banû²
• Sabean⁴ בני
• Aramaic בְּנָא
• Palmyrene⁵ בנא

— בָּנָה Qal Perfect בָּנָה Deuteronomy 20:5 +; בָּֽנְתָה Proverbs 9:1, Proverbs 14:1; בָּנִיתָ Deuteronomy 6:10; בָּנִתָה 1 Kings 9:3; וּבָנִ֫יתָ consecutive Deuteronomy 20:20 +; בָּנִיתְ Ezekiel 16:25; בָּנִתִי 1 Kings 8:13 +; plural בָּנוּ Genesis 11:5 + etc.; Imperfect יִבְּנֶה Deuteronomy 25:9 +; jussive וְיִבֶן Ezra 1:3, וַיִּבְנֶה Joshua 19:50; וַיִּ֫בֶן Genesis 2:22 +; suffix יִבְנֵ֫הוּ Job 20:19; 3 feminine singular וַתִּ֫בֶן 1 Chronicles 7:24, Zechariah 9:3; אֶבְנֶה 2 Samuel 7:27 +; plural יִבְנוּ Isaiah 65:22 + etc.; Imperative בְּנֵה Numbers 23:1 +; plural בְּנוּ Numbers 32:24 +; Infinitive absolute בָּנֹה 1 Kings 8:13; construct בְּנוֺת 1 Chronicles 6:17 + etc.; Participle active בֹּנֶה (בּוֺנֶה) Genesis 4:17 +; construct בֹּנֵה Psalm 147:2; plural בּוֺנִים Ezra 4:1 +; construct בֹּנֵי 1 Kings 5:32; passive בָּנוּי Song of Songs 4:4, Judges 6:28; feminine בְּנוּיָה Psalm 122:3; plural בְּנוּיִם Nehemiah 7:4.

1. Literal Meanings and Uses

a. Building various structures

• Of city: Genesis 4:17; Genesis 10:11; Genesis 11:4–5, 8 (Jehovist Source); Exodus 1:11; Numbers 32:24; Joshua 24:13 (Elohist Source); Judges 1:26; Psalm 122:3.
• Of house: Genesis 33:17 (Jehovist Source); Deuteronomy 6:10; Amos 5:11; Isaiah 65:21.
• Especially of Temple: 1 Kings 3:1; 1 Kings 5:32; 1 Kings 6:1; 2 Samuel 7:5; (+ ליהוה) 1 Kings 6:1; (+ לְשֵׁם י׳) 2 Samuel 7:13; 1 Kings 5:17.
• Of altar: Genesis 8:20; Genesis 12:7–8; Genesis 13:18 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 22:9; Exodus 24:4 (Elohist Source); Joshua 22:11 (Priests' Code).
• Of wall, gate, or tower: Isaiah 60:10; Nehemiah 4:4; 2 Kings 15:35; Isaiah 5:2.
• Of siege-works: Deuteronomy 20:2 (+ מָצוֺר); 2 Kings 25:1; Ezekiel 4:2 (+ דָּיֵק).

b. Construction details

• With accusative of material: Exodus 20:25 (Elohist Source); 1 Kings 6:36.
• With בְּ of material: 1 Kings 6:15–16.
• Of Yahweh fashioning the rib into a woman: Genesis 2:22 (+ אֶת־הַצֵּלָע לְאִשָּׁה).

c. Rebuilding and repairing

• Of cities and walls: Joshua 6:26; Amos 9:14; Nehemiah 2:5.
• Of ruins: Isaiah 58:12 (+ חָרְבוֺת עוֺלָם); Ezekiel 36:36.

2. Figurative Meanings

a. Establishing a family or household

• Of perpetuating a family: Ruth 4:11; Deuteronomy 25:9.
• Of Yahweh's promise to David: 1 Samuel 2:35; 2 Samuel 7:27; 1 Kings 11:38.

b. Building up the people/nation

• Of the restoration of Israel: Jeremiah 24:6; Jeremiah 31:4; Jeremiah 42:10.
• Of establishing Zion or the throne: Psalm 102:17; Psalm 89:5.

3. Niph`al

— Perfect נִבְנָה 1 Kings 3:2; 3 feminine singular נִבְנְתָה Numbers 13:22; Imperfect יִבָּנֶה Job 12:14; אִבָּנֶה Genesis 16:2; Infinitive לְהִבָּנוֺת Haggai 1:2.

a. Literal senses

• be built: Numbers 13:22; 1 Kings 6:7.
• be rebuilt: Isaiah 44:26; Jeremiah 30:18; Haggai 1:2.

b. Figurative senses

• be established / prosper: Jeremiah 12:16; Malachi 3:15; Job 22:23.
• Of a childless wife being "built up" (becoming a mother) through a concubine: Genesis 16:2; Genesis 30:3 (+ מִמֶּנָּה).

¹ Julius Euting, Nabatäische Inschriften aus Arabien (1885).

² Eberhard Schrader, The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (COT).

³ Jacob Barth, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG 1887, 640).

⁴ Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS).

⁵ Melchior de Vogüé, Syrie centrale: Inscriptions sémitiques (1868).

Verb Niphal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ᾠκοδόμησεν οἰκοδομῆσαι ᾠκοδόμησαν οἰκοδομήσει οἰκοδομήσεισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1129:

ᾠκοδόμησεν 94× (22.6%)

οἰκοδομῆσαι 36× (8.5%)

ᾠκοδόμησαν 26× (6.2%)

οἰκοδομήσει 16× (4.2%)

οἰκοδομήσεισ 16× (4.0%)

ᾠκοδόμησα 14× (3.5%)

οἰκοδομήσουσιν 9× (2.1%)

οἰκοδομεῖν 8× (1.9%)

οἰκοδομήσω 8× (1.9%)

--- 7× (1.8%)

בה בָּהּ

within herself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ה

Definition

her, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9034

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּ

preposition • Page 84

A preposition with various meanings: 4. by (swearing, Gen. 22:16); 5. through (Num. 12:2); 6. upon (Num. 14:10); 7. to a place or thing (Judg. 6:35); 8. against (Gen. 16:12); 9. concerning (after 'to speak'); 10. out of, from (Gen. 44:5); 11. among; 12. before (Gen. 23:18); 13. for (Deut. 19:21); 14. on account of (Gen. 18:28); 15. after, according to (Gen. 1:26); 16. as (Job 34:36); 17. used with verbs of sense; 18. Beth essentiae (Jehovah is among my helpers, Ps. 118:7); 19. before an infinitive: when, while, after, since (Gen. 2:4).

בּ

prefix • Page 83

A prefix preposition with various meanings: 1. In or into a place/subject. 2. With, denoting an instrument, aid, or concomitance. 3. On, at, or near.

Preposition, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular

נאם נְאֻם

he who whispers

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נאם

nᵉʼum

Definition

an oracle

Root

from H5001 (נאם);

Exhaustive

from נאם; an oracle; (hath) said, saith.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5002

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נְאֻם

noun / masculine • Root נאם • Strongs / High • Page 932

Declaration, oracle, prophecy, divine utterance.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5002

I. נְאֻם (approximate number of occurrences: 376) noun masculine — utterance (Ba¹ Kö² > older explanation as passive participle).

— always thus, as construct נְאֻם.

1. Utterance, declaration, revelation

Of a prophet in ecstatic state:

• נְאֻם בִּלְעָם Numbers 24:3, 15
• נְאֻם שֹׁמֵעַ אִמְרֵי אֵל Numbers 24:4, 6
• נְאֻם הַגֶּבֶר Numbers 24:3, 15; 2 Samuel 23:1; Proverbs 30:1
• נְאֻם דָּוִד 2 Samuel 23:1
• נְאֻם פֶּשַׁע Psalm 36:2 (transgression personified, speaking with prophetic voice בְּקֶרֶב לִבּוֺ)

2. Before divine names

Except Jeremiah 23:31 (see verb): נְאֻם יהוה utterance, declaration of יהוה (prophet citing divine word given through him):

• Genesis 22:16 (Jehovist Source)
• Numbers 14:28 (Priestly Source)
• 2 Kings 9:26 (twice in verse)
• 2 Kings 19:33 = Isaiah 37:34
• 2 Kings 22:19; 2 Chronicles 34:27
• Isaiah 14:22; Isaiah 30:1; Isaiah 31:9
• Ezekiel 13:6, 7; Ezekiel 16:58; Ezekiel 37:14
• Hosea 2:15; 18; 23; Hosea 11:11
• Joel 2:12
• Obadiah 4, 8
• Micah 4:6; Micah 5:9
• Zephaniah 1:2, 3, 10; Zephaniah 3:8
• Zechariah 8:17; Zechariah 10:12; Zechariah 11:6; Zechariah 12:1, 4; Zechariah 13:8
• Malachi 1:2
• Isaiah 40–66 (12 times); Jeremiah (162 times); Amos (14 times); Haggai (5 times); Zechariah 1–8 (6 times)

Followed by other divine titles:

• אלהי ישׂראל 1 Samuel 2:30; Isaiah 17:6
• יהוה אֱלֹהֵי (הַ)צְבָאוֺת Amos 6:8, 14
• נְאֻם יהוה צְבָאוֺת Isaiah 14:22, 23; 17:3; 22:25; Jeremiah 8:3; 25:29; 30:8; 49:26; Nahum 2:14; Nahum 3:5; Zechariah 13:2, 7 + Haggai (5 times); Zechariah 1–8 (7 times)
• Followed by אלהי ישׂראל Zephaniah 2:9
• נְאֻם הָאָדוֹן יהוה צְבָאוֺת Isaiah 1:24; 19:4
• נְאֻם אֲדֹנָי יהוה אֶלֹהֵי הַצּבָאוֺת Amos 3:13
• נְאֻם אֲדֹנָי יהוה צְבָאוֺת Isaiah 3:15; Jeremiah 49:5
• נְאֻם הַמֶּלֶךְ יהוה צְבָאוֺת Jeremiah 46:18; 48:15; 51:57
• נְאֻם אֲדֹנָי יהוה Isaiah 56:8; Jeremiah 2:22; Amos 4:5; Amos 8:3, 9, 11 + Ezekiel (82 times)

נְאֻם begins sentence only in Isaiah 56:8; Psalm 110:1; often in middle Isaiah 49:18; Amos 3:10 +; most frequently at end Isaiah 54:17; Amos 2:11; Amos 4:3 +; found in all prophets except Habakkuk, Jonah; not in Holiness Code or Deuteronomic Source of Hexateuch, Chronicles (except in parallels to Kings), Daniel, Job or the five Megilloth.

¹ J. Barth, Die Nominalbildung in den semitischen Sprachen (1889-91), 82 e.

² Ed. König, Hist.-krit. Lehrgebäude d. Hebr. Sprache (1881-97), ii. 501.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: λέγει φησὶν --- '' εἶπεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5002:

λέγει 249× (69.2%)

φησὶν 33× (9.3%)

--- 25× (7.0%)

'' 23× (5.5%)

εἶπεν 13× (3.6%)

τάδε 12× (3.3%)

φησιν 2× (0.6%)

πιστὸσ 2× (0.5%)

יהוה יְהוָה

He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהוה

Yᵉhôvâh

Definition

Jehovah, Jewish national name of God

Root

from H1961 (היה); (the) self-Existent or Eternal;

Exhaustive

from היה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יה, יהוה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3068

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Strongs / High • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

proper name • Page 275

The proper name of the deity among the ancient Hebrews. Interpreted as 'the eternal, unchangeable, true' or 'he who is as he shall be.' The text discusses various ancient pronunciations (IAΩ, IABE, IETΩ) and its derivation from the future of הָיָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3068

I. יהוה (approximate number of occurrences: 6823) i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity — Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel.

Cognates and Origins:

• Babylonian יהו (claimed by Delitzsch^{Dl Pa 162 ff.}, disputed by Kuenen and Jastrow)
• Egyptian etymology (proposed by Spiegelberg^{ZMG liii 633 ff.}, considered improbable)
• Moabite Stone יהוה as the name of Israel's God (MI¹⁸)

— יהוה Masoretic Text יְהוָֺה (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה (Qr אֱלֹהִים) in combinations אדני יהוה; with prepositions בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה. Pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520 (Galatinus). The traditional Ἰαβέ (Theodoret) and contracted form יָהּ favour the pronunciation יַהְוֶה (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Psalm 74:6).

1. Etymology and Meaning

a. Hiphil theories (The Giver of Being)

• The one bringing into being, life-giver (Schrader)
• Giver of existence, creator (Kuenen, Tiele)
• He who causes to fall, i.e., rain or lightning (Robertson Smith)

b. Qal theories (The Existing One)

• The absolute and unchangeable one (Riehm)
• The existing, ever living (Dillmann)
• The one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption (Delitzsch)

2. Source Analysis and Usage

a. In the Hexateuch

• Elohist Source (E): Not used in Genesis; revealed at Horeb (Exodus 3:12–15) and explained as אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה "I shall be the one who will be with thee."
• Priests' Code (P): Abstains from use until the revelation to Moses (Exodus 6:3).
• Yahwist Source (J): Uses the name from the beginning of the narrative (Genesis 2:4).

b. In later literature

• Common in pre-exilic writers; falls into disuse post-exile, supplanted by אלהים and אדני.
• Job: Used in prose parts and once in the poem (Job 12:9).
• Ecclesiastes: Not used at all.

3. Syntactic Combinations

a. With אלהים and suffixes

• With אֱלֹהֶיךָ: Exodus 20:2–12 (Ten Words); Deuteronomy 5:6–16; in Deuteronomy (234 times).
• With אֱלֹהֵיכֶם: In Deuteronomy (46 times); Holiness Code (15 times); Joel 2:13.
• With אֱלֹהֵינוּ: Exodus 3:18; Psalm 20:8; Daniel 9:10, 13, 14.
• With אלהים (later editors): Genesis 2:4b; Jonah 4:6.

b. The phrase אֲנִי יהוה ("I am Yahweh")

• As a formula of revelation or authority: Exodus 6:2, 29 (Priests' Code).
• In the recognition formula ("that ye may know"): Exodus 7:5; Ezekiel 6:7 (and 48 times in Ezekiel).
• In the Holiness Code as an emphatic close: Leviticus 18:5, 6, 21; Leviticus 19:12, 14, 16.

c. In compound place names

• יהוה יראה (Yahweh-jireh): Genesis 22:14 (Yahwist Source).
• יהוה נסי (Yahweh-nissi): Exodus 17:15 (Elohist Source).
• יהוה שׁלים (Yahweh-shalom): Judges 6:24.
• יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה (Yahweh-shammah): Ezekiel 48:35.

¹ Philo, de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529.

² Friedrich Böttcher, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Bö § 88).

³ Paul de Lagarde, Symmicta (Lag Sym i.14).

⁴ Samuel Rolles Driver, Studia Biblica (Dr Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.).

⁵ Eberhard Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT).

Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κυρίου κυρίῳ κύριον κύριε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3068:

κύριοσ 2605× (41.8%)

κυρίου 1742× (27.8%)

κυρίῳ 598× (8.8%)

κύριον 473× (7.1%)

κύριε 336× (5.4%)

--- 129× (2.1%)

'' 95× (1.3%)

θεὸσ 76× (1.0%)

θεοῦ 69× (0.9%)

θεῷ 28× (0.4%)

צבאות צְבָאוֹת

armies

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

צבא

tsâbâʼ

Definition

a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized forwar (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (specifically, hardship, worship)

Root

or (feminine) צבאה; from H6633 (צבא);

Exhaustive

or (feminine) צבאה; from צבא; a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized forwar (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (specifically, hardship, worship); appointed time, ([phrase]) army, ([phrase]) battle, company, host, service, soldiers, waiting upon, war(-fare).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6635

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צָבָא

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1211

I. To join together, to be assembled, to flock together, to be united, into a crowd, for the purpose of service. Metaphorically: to fight (in troops), to do military service. Hifil: to muster, to levy for military service.

צָבָא

verb • Root צבה • Strongs / High • Page 1211

II. (Not used) same as צָבָה II.; related to Arabic صَبَا (to flash up, of the sun).

צָבָא

noun / f • Strongs / High • Page 1211

Assembly, multitude, the mass, appurtenance of, what belongs to (heaven). 1. An army, host, warriors. 2. Figuratively: the host of heaven (angels or stars). 3. Military service, warfare, hard service, calamity, campaign, temple-service, worship.

צָבָא

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1212

I. 1. To flock together, to draw together in troops, in order to war. 2. Metaphor. to heap up, to grow, of a mass; hence to swell, intumescere.

צָבָא

noun masculine • Root צבא • Strongs / High • Page 1212

Army, march, of enemies.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צָבָא

verb • Root צבא • Page 561

1. To go forth or march out to war; to carry on war (Num. 31:42, Is. 31:4). 2. To go forth to the service of the temple, a kind of 'militia sacra' (Num. 4:23, 8:24, 1 Sam. 2:22). Hiphil: to lead out to war (2 K. 25:19, Jer. 52:25).

צָבָא

noun masculine • Root צבא • Page 561

1. A host, particularly a military host, an army. שַׂר הַצָּבָא 'the general of the host' (Gen. 21:22). 2. צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם 'the host of heaven,' referring to angels (1 K. 22:19) or stars (Deut. 4:19). צְבָא הַמָּרוֹם 'the powers on high' (Is. 24:21). Frequent in the title יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת 'Lord of Hosts'. 3. Warfare, hard service, affliction (Job 7:1, 10:17, 14:14, Is. 40:2, Dan. 10:1).

צָבָא

verb • Page 562

I. To go forth to war, to carry on war. Is. 29:7.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6635

I. צָבָא (approximate number of occurrences: 485) noun masculine¹ (possibly feminine Isaiah 10:2; Isaiah 40:2; Daniel 8:12, but see Albr²; Bev³) — army, war, warfare.

— צָבָא absolute Numbers 1:3 + (מִצָּבָה Zechariah 9:8); construct צְבָא Numbers 10:15 +; suffix צְבָאִי Job 14:14; צְבָאֲךָ Judges 8:9, Judges 9:29; צְבָיָו Psalm 103:21, Psalm 148:2 (Kt צבאו; so read probably in both), etc.; plural צְבָאוֹת Numbers 20:9 278 times; construct צִבְאוֹת Exodus 12:41 2 times; suffix צִבְאֹתַי Exodus 7:4; צִבְאֹתָם Exodus 6:26 +, etc.

1. Army, host

a. Organized for war

• Judges 8:6; Judges 9:29 (Yahwist Source); Isaiah 34:2; Jeremiah 51:3; 2 Chronicles 28:9
• צְבָאוֹ his host Numbers 2:4, 6 (Priests' Code)
• לְצִבְאֹתָם Numbers 1:3, 52; Numbers 2:3, 9, 10; Numbers 33:1 (Priests' Code)
• שַׂר (ה)צָבָא captain of (the) host Genesis 21:22, 32 (Elohist Source); Genesis 26:26 (Yahwist Source); Judges 4:2, 7; 1 Samuel 12:9
• עַל (ה)צָבָא over the host (as captain) Numbers 10:14, 15 (Priests' Code); 2 Samuel 8:16; 1 Kings 2:35
• הוֹצִיא צְבָאוֹת lead out armies Exodus 7:4; Exodus 12:17 (Priests' Code)
• figurative of great number: צָבָא רָב Psalm 68:12

b. Host (organized body) of angels

• צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם all the host of heaven 1 Kings 22:19; 2 Chronicles 18:18; Nehemiah 9:6
• צְבָא הַמָּרוֹם host of the high (angel-princes) Isaiah 24:21
• שַׂר צְבָא יְהוָה captain of the host of Yahweh Joshua 5:14–15 (theophanic angel)

c. Of sun, moon and stars

• כָּל צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם Deuteronomy 4:19; Deuteronomy 17:3; 2 Kings 17:16; 2 Kings 21:3, 5; Jeremiah 8:2; Jeremiah 19:13 (all as objects of worship)
• כָּל צְבָאָם Psalm 33:6; Isaiah 45:12; Isaiah 40:26

d. Of the entire creation

• כָּל צְבָאָם Genesis 2:1

2. War, warfare, service

• יָצָא צָבָא go out to war Numbers 1:3, 20 (Priests' Code); 1 Chronicles 5:18; 2 Chronicles 26:11
• עָלָה לַצָּבָא go up to war Joshua 22:12, 33 (Priests' Code)
• אַנְשֵׁי (ה)צָבָא men of war Numbers 31:21, 53 (Priests' Code); 1 Chronicles 12:8
• כְּלֵי צָבָא instruments of war 1 Chronicles 12:37

3. Service

a. Of Levites in sacred places

• Numbers 4:3, 23, 30; Numbers 8:24–25

b. Of hard service of troubled life

• Job 7:1; Job 14:14; Isaiah 40:2; Daniel 10:1

4. צְבָאוֹת in the name of Yahweh

In the name of יְהוָה as God of war, explained as יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת אֱלֹהֵי מַעַרְכוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל Sebaoth God of the battle array of Israel 1 Samuel 17:45.

a. Earliest form with article

• יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי הַצְּבָאוֹת Amos 3:13; 6:14; 9:5; Hosea 12:6

b. Without article, definite by usage

• יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאוֹת 2 Samuel 5:10; Amos 5:14, 15, 16; 1 Kings 19:10, 14; Jeremiah 5:14; Psalm 89:9
• יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאוֹת שְׁמוֹ Yahweh God of hosts is his name Amos 4:13; Amos 5:27; Isaiah 47:4; Jeremiah 10:16

c. As proper name Sebaoth

• יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת (compare Σαβαωθ Romans 9:29; James 5:4): 1 Samuel 1:3, 11; 2 Samuel 6:2, 18; 1 Kings 18:15; 2 Kings 19:31; Psalm 24:10; Isaiah 1:9; Isaiah 5:7; Jeremiah 6:6; Haggai 1:2; Zechariah 1:3; Malachi 1:4

¹ 2 Chronicles 28:9.

² Karl Albrecht, Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) xv (1895), 319.

³ Anthony Ashley Bevan, A Short Commentary on the Book of Daniel (1892).

⁴ August Dillmann, Commentary on Job.

⁵ Karl Budde, Commentary on Job.

⁶ Julius Wellhausen.

⁷ S. R. Driver, Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible (1900), s.v. "Lord of Hosts".

⁸ Max Löhr, Untersuchungen zum Buch Amos (1900).

Noun common feminine plural absolute

LXX: παντοκράτωρ σαβαωθ δυνάμει --- δυνάμεωσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6635b:

παντοκράτωρ 91× (21.7%)

σαβαωθ 47× (11.4%)

δυνάμει 40× (7.9%)

--- 37× (9.0%)

δυνάμεωσ 34× (6.9%)

δυνάμεων 25× (5.1%)

'' 18× (3.7%)

δύναμισ 16× (3.8%)

παντοκράτοροσ 14× (3.4%)

pἐν 13× (3.1%)

וקוה וְקָוָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

קוה

qâveh

Definition

a (measuring) cord (as if for binding)

Root

from H6960 (קוה);

Exhaustive

from קוה; a (measuring) cord (as if for binding); line.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6961

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קוָה

verb • Root קוה • Consonantal / Low • Page 1265

To bind, to bind together.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

קִוָּה

verb • Root קוה • Consonantal / Low • Page 755

to wait for, hope for

Matched after stripping common prefixes

קִוָּה

pihel i. • Root קוה • Consonantal / Low • Page 1265

To expect, to wait for, to hope. Also to endeavour for a person or thing, to lie in wait for.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

קָוָה

verb • Root קוה • Consonantal / Low • Page 1265

1. To stretch, to be firmly bound, strong, valiant. 2. To hold fast, to hold out; hence to wait, endure, to hope. 3. To draw together, collect (especially water).

Matched after stripping common prefixes

קָוָה

noun • Root קוה • Consonantal / Low • Page 1265

Same as קַו, a measuring-line or cord.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Conjunction, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H6961:

No stats available

ינטה יִנָּטֶה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נטה

nâṭâh

Definition

to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application; [phrase] afternoon, apply, bow (down, -ing), carry aside, decline, deliver, extend, go down, be gone, incline, intend, lay, let down, offer, outstretched, overthrown, pervert, pitch, prolong, put away, shew, spread (out), stretch (forth, out), take (aside), turn (aside, away), wrest, cause to yield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5186

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָטָה

verb • Root נטה • Strongs / High • Page 964

To stretch, to extend, to spread, to bend. Specifically: 1. to stretch out (one's hand); of God, to punish, or to attack and strike. Its organic root is נ-ט.

נָטָה

verb • Root נטה • Strongs / High • Page 965

Kal stem: 1. to stretch, to stretch out, to extend, to elongate. 2. to spread out, to expand (e.g. a tent, the heavens). 3. to bow down, to incline, to turn to, to bestow. 4. intransitively: to decline (of the day), to turn, to go away, to depart.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָטָה

verb • Root נטה • Page 440

(Continued from previous page) 4. trans. to turn away (Jer. 5:25, Num. 22:23); to lead astray (Job 24:4); to lead aside (2 Sam. 3:27); to put away (Ps. 27:9). Intrans. to depart (Job 23:11, Is. 30:11, Ps. 125:5). 5. to bend, pervert; particularly in the phrase הִטָּה מִשְׁפָּט (1 Sam. 8:3, Ex. 23:6, Deut. 27:19, Lam. 3:35). Hoph. part. מֻטֶּה (Is. 8:8, Ezek. 9:9).

נָטָה

verb • Root נטה • Page 439

1. to stretch out (e.g. hand, measuring line). 2. to spread out (e.g. tent, heavens). 3. to incline, bend down (e.g. ear, heart, wall). 4. to turn, lead. 5. to go away, depart. (Niph.) to be stretched out. (Hiph.) to stretch out, spread out, incline, bend down, or show favour.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5186

I. נָטָה (approximate number of occurrences: 215) verb — stretch out, spread out, extend, incline, bend.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id. incline, spread tent, etc.
• Arabic نطى stretch out

Qal

— נָטָה absolute Genesis 33:19 +; 3 feminine singular נָָֽכְתָה Numbers 22:33; 2 masculine singular נָטִיתָ Exodus 15:12; 3 plural נָטוּ Psalm 21:42, Isaiah 45:12; נָטָ֫יוּ Psalm 73:2 (Qere); יִטֶּה Job 15:29, jussive יֵט Zephaniah 2:13; וַיֵּט Genesis 12:8 +; וַיֶּטֿ Genesis 26:27; 1 Chronicles 15:1; 3 feminine singular תִּטֶּה Job 31:7, וַתֵּט Numbers 22:23; 2 masculine singular jussive תֵּט Proverbs 4:5, 27; 3 masculine plural וַיִּטּוּ 1 Samuel 8:3; 1 plural נִטֶּה Numbers 20:17; Numbers 21:22; imperative נְטֵה Exodus 8:1 +; construct נְטוֺת Judges 19:8, נְטֹת Exodus 23:2; suffix נְטֹתִי Exodus 7:5, נְטוֺתוֺ Psalm 109:23; participle active נֹטֶה Jeremiah 10:20; נוֺטֶה Ezekiel 25:16; suffix נוֺטֵיהָם Isaiah 42:5; passive נָטוּי Psalm 62:4; feminine singular נְטוּיָה Isaiah 5:25, plural נְטֻיוֺת Isaiah 3:16 (Qere).

1. Meanings and Uses (Qal)

a. stretch out, extend

• Of hand or rod, with עַל of direction: Exodus 9:22, 23; Exodus 10:12, 13, 21, 22 (Elohist Source); Exodus 7:19; Exodus 14:16, 21, 26, 27 (Priests' Code / Narrative).
• Absolute: Joshua 8:19 (Jehovist/Elohist Source); Exodus 8:12 (Priests' Code / Narrative).
• With ב of dart or rod: (+ בַּכִּידוֺן) Joshua 8:18; (+ בְּמַטֶּה) Exodus 8:1.
• figurative of God stretching out hand against: Isaiah 5:25; Zephaniah 1:4; Ezekiel 6:14.
• זְרוֺעַ נְטוּיָה outstretched arm: Deuteronomy 4:34; Jeremiah 32:21.

b. stretch line and plummet

• figurative of destruction: 2 Kings 21:13; Isaiah 34:11; Lamentations 2:8.
• Of artisan's measurements: Isaiah 44:13; Job 38:5.

c. offer

• Only 1 Chronicles 21:10 (+ שָׁלוֺשׁ אֲנִי נֹטֶה עָלֶיךָ).

2. Spread out, pitch tent

• Literally: Genesis 12:8; Genesis 26:25 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 33:19 (Elohist Source).
• figurative of God spreading out heavens: Jeremiah 10:12; Job 26:7; Isaiah 42:5.
• Likeness of firmament: Ezekiel 1:22.

3. Bend, turn, incline

a. intransitive

• Of a wady: Numbers 21:15 (JE).
• Of an ass: Numbers 22:23.
• figurative of loyalty or righteousness: 1 Kings 2:28; Exodus 23:2¹; 1 Samuel 8:3.
• Of the heart: 1 Kings 11:9; Psalm 119:51.
• Of failing life (shadow): Psalm 102:12; Psalm 109:23.
• Of God: Psalm 40:2 (+ וַיֵּט אֵלַי).

b. transitive

• figurative of shoulder to bear: Genesis 49:15.
• Of the heart: Psalm 119:112.
• Of God extending mercy: Genesis 39:21 (Jehovist Source); Isaiah 66:12.

Niphal

be stretched out:

• Perfect 3 masculine plural: Numbers 24:6.
• Shadows stretching: Jeremiah 6:4.
• Measuring line: Zechariah 1:16.

Hiphil

— הִטָּה Ezra 7:28; Psalm 116:2; suffix הִטַּ֫תּוּ Proverbs 7:21; jussive תַּט Psalm 27:9; imperative הַטֵּה 2 Kings 19:16; participle מַטֶּה Deuteronomy 27:19.

1. stretch out (as Qal 1)

• Of hand: Isaiah 31:3; Jeremiah 6:12.

2. spread out

• Cloth on rock: 2 Samuel 21:10.
• Tent curtains: Isaiah 54:2.

3. turn, incline a. literally

• Turn aside: 2 Samuel 3:27; 2 Samuel 6:10.
• Incline jar: Genesis 24:14.

b. influence heart

• 2 Samuel 19:15; 1 Kings 11:2–4; Proverbs 7:21.

c. incline the ear

• Of men in obedience: Jeremiah 7:24; Isaiah 55:3; Proverbs 4:20.
• Of God listening: 2 Kings 19:16; Psalm 17:6; Psalm 88:3.

d. pervert justice

• הַטּוֺת מִשְׁמָּט: Exodus 23:6; Deuteronomy 16:19; Amos 5:12; Malachi 3:5.

¹ Karl Budde, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) xi. (1891).

² George Foot Moore, Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Judges (GFM).

Verb Niphal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἐκτενῶ ὑψηλῷ ἐξέτεινεν κλῖνον ἐξέκλινεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5186:

ἐκτενῶ 12× (5.2%)

ὑψηλῷ 12× (5.6%)

ἐξέτεινεν 11× (5.2%)

κλῖνον 10× (4.8%)

ἐξέκλινεν 10× (4.6%)

ἔκλινεν 10× (4.3%)

ἔκτεινον 9× (4.3%)

ἔπηξεν 7× (3.2%)

ἐκκλῖναι 6× (2.6%)

ἐξέκλιναν 6× (2.7%)

על עַל־

upon/against/yoke

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

ירושלם יְרוּשָׁלִָם׃

Foundation of Peace

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ירושל͏ם

Yᵉrûwshâlaim

Definition

Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine

Root

rarely ירושלים; a dual (in allusion to its two main hills (the true pointing, at least of the former reading, seems to be that of H3390 (ירושלם))); probably from (the passive participle of) H3384 (ירה) and H7999 (שלם); founded peaceful;

Exhaustive

rarely ירושלים; a dual (in allusion to its two main hills (the true pointing, at least of the former reading, seems to be that of ירושלם)); probably from (the passive participle of) ירה and שלם; founded peaceful; Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine; Jerusalem.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3389

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְרוּשָׁלֵם

unknown • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1438

see יְרוּשָׁלַיִם.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְרוּשָׁלַ֫םִ

noun proper feminine • Root ירה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 647

Jerusalem. (originating in יְרֻשָׁלֵם) n. p. f. the metropolis of the Israelite kingdom from David onward.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם

proper noun • Root , ירה שלם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 648

Jerusalem, the name of a city in Palestine. The name was also used for its inhabitants, and poetically as an image of beauty.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְרוּשְׁלֵם

proper noun (aramaic) • Root ירושלם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 648

An alternate Aramaic name for Jerusalem.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְרוּשְׁלֶם

proper noun (aramaic) • Root ירושלם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 648

The Aramaic name for Jerusalem.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְרוּשָׁלַם

proper name • Page 682

Jerusalem. Gen. 14:18. Ps. 76:3. Its appellative signification here is health, peace, i. q. שָׁלוֹם.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3389

I. יֲרוּשָׁלַ֫םִ, יְרוּשָׁלַ֫יִם (approximate number of occurrences: 644) proper name of a location — Jerusalem.

Cognates and Versions:

• Assyrian Urusalim (Tel Amarna¹)
• Assyrian Ursalimmu (COT²)
• Greek Ιερουσαλημ (Septuagint)

— יְרוּשָׁלַ֫םִ (Qr perpetuum) Joshua 10:10 +; יְרוּשָׁלָ֑םִ 1 Samuel 17:54 +; ־ַ֫יִם ending 5 times according to Masora³, namely Jeremiah 26:18; 1 Chronicles 3:5; 2 Chronicles 25:1; 2 Chronicles 32:9; Esther 2:6 (also on Maccabean coins⁴); with ה locative יְרוּשָׁלַ֫מֳה 1 Kings 10:2; Isaiah 36:2; Ezekiel 8:3; לָ֑מֳה 2 Kings 9:28; with prefixes בִּירוּשָׁלַ֫םִ 2 Samuel 9:13 +; לִירוּשָׁלַ֫םִ 2 Kings 18:22 +; מִירוּשָׁלַ֫םִ 2 Samuel 15:11 +; וִירוּשָׁלַ֫םִ 2 Kings 23:1 + etc.

1. Etymology and Meaning

Root and meaning dubious; Reland, Ewald and others derive from יְרוּשׁ שׁלם possession of peace; Gesenius (Thesaurus) and others from יָרָה, i.e., יְרוּ + שָׁלֵם a foundation of peace; Grill⁵ foundation of Shalem (Shalem = God of peace, = יהוה); but name not certainly Hebrew. Sayce and Jastrow suggest Uru (city) + Salim (proper name of a divinity).

2. Historical Usage

a. Canaanite and early history

• First named as city of Canaanite Adoni-Zedek Joshua 10:1, 3, 5, 23 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); compare Joshua 12:10 (Deuteronomic Source).
• Inhabited by Jebusites Joshua 15:63 (Priestly Code), Judges 1:21, compare Judges 1:7.
• Identification with יְבוּס Judges 19:10 and הַיְבוּסִי Joshua 15:8; Joshua 18:28 (Priestly Code).
• Captured by Judah Judges 1:8.

b. Capital of the Monarchy

• First named in connection with David 1 Samuel 17:54.
• Taken possession of by David as king 2 Samuel 5:6.
• David's royal seat 2 Samuel 5:5, 13–14; 2 Samuel 8:7; 2 Samuel 11:1.
• Remained the capital until taken by Nebuchadrezzar B.C. 588 2 Kings 25:1.

c. Post-exilic period

• Chief home of the returned exiles Ezra 1:11; Ezra 2:11; Nehemiah 2:11, 17.

3. Cross-references

See also proper name of a location יְבוּס and שָׁלֵם.

¹ H. Zimmern, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie (ZA), 1891, 252, 254.

² E. Schrader, Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (COT).

³ S. Frensdorff, Massora Magna, Page 293, Hannover, 1876.

⁴ M. A. Levy, Geschichte der jüdischen Münzen, 1862, 42 f.

⁵ Grill, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW), 1884, 134 ff.

Noun proper name

LXX: ιερουσαλημ pεἰσ --- ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3389:

ιερουσαλημ 564× (80.9%)

pεἰσ 47× (7.5%)

ιερουσαλημ 25× (3.4%)

--- 16× (2.6%)

'' 12× (1.6%)

pἐν 11× (1.8%)

pἐπὶ 5× (0.8%)

[a] 2× (0.2%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
For this, thus said Jehovah: I turned back to Jerusalem with mercies: my house shall be built in it, says Jehovah of armies, and a cord shall be stretched forth upon Jerusalem.

LITV Translation:
So Jehovah says this: I have returned to Jerusalem with compassions; My house shall be built in it, says Jehovah of hosts, and a line shall be stretched over Jerusalem.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Therefore thus saith the Lord: I will return to Jerusalem with compassion; and my house shall be rebuilt in her, saith the Lord Almighty, and a measuring line shall yet be stretched out over Jerusalem.