Jonah 1:12

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויאמר וַיֹּאמֶר

and he is saying

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אמר

ʼâmar

Definition

to say (used with great latitude)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude); answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H559

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 155

1. (not used) to stand prominently upwards, to project upwards, hence to be elevated. 2. to say, to speak, to command; to press out sounds from within.

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to say, speak

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 58

1. to say (dico). Differs from דבר (to speak) in that אָמַר is almost uniformly followed by the words spoken (Lev. 1:2; Gen. 44:16). 2. to think. (Speaking and thinking).

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 59

To command (Est 1:17, 1 Chr 21:17); to praise (Ps 40:11). Niph.: to be said, to be called holy (Is 4:3). Hiph.: to declare solemnly, to promise (Deut 26:17, 18). Hithpa.: to boast one's self (Ps 94:4), or to exercise dominion.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H559

I. אָמַר (5287) verb utter, say (Egyptian mr command; Phoenician אמר; Aramaic אֲמַר; Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare; Arabic أمر command; perhaps √ אמר originally = be or make prominent, hence Hithpael below, אָמִיר; Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king idem Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37; compare Dl Pr 28 who thinks original meaning hell, sichtbar sein, whence Assyrian amāru, see, & shew, declare, say).

Cognates:

• Egyptian mr command
• Phoenician אמר
• Aramaic אֲמַר
• Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare
• Arabic أمر command
• Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king
• Assyrian amāru see, & shew, declare, say

Qal

Perfect 3 masculine singular אָמַר Genesis 3:1 +; Imperfect יֹאמַר Genesis 31:8 +; וַיֹּאמֶר Genesis 1:3 +; וַיֹּאמַר Genesis 14:19 +; in Job always וַיֹּאמַר Job 3:2 +; 3 feminine singular תֹּאמַר Genesis 21:12 +; תֹּאמַר Proverbs 1:21; 1 singular אֹמַר Genesis 22:2 +; אוֹמְרָה Psalm 42:10; וָאֹמַר Genesis 20:13 +; וָאוֹמַר Nehemiah 2:7,17,20; 3 masculine plural יֹאמְרוּ Exodus 4:1 + etc.; suffix יֹמְרוּךָ Psalm 139:20; 2 masculine plural תֹּמְרוּ 2 Samuel 19:14 (compare Kö i. p. 385); Imperative אֱמֹר Genesis 45:17 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָמוֹר Exodus 21:5 +; construct אֱמֹר Ezekiel 25:8 +; הָאֱמֹר Job 34:18 but read הָאֹמַר idem Di, or better הֵאָמֹר Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative compare Ew § 328 d; suffix אָמְרִי Joshua 6:10 +; אֲמָרְכֶם Jeremiah 23:38; אֱמָרְכֶם Malachi 1:7 +; לֵאמֹר Genesis 1:22 +, etc.; Participle active אֹמֵר Genesis 32:10 +, etc.; passive הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7, but this grammatically indefensible, read הֵאָמֹר, Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative, see Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

Say (subject God Genesis 3:1 Genesis 32:5, serpent Genesis 3:1, ass Numbers 22:28, horse יֹאמַר הָאָח Job 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personified Job 28:14 compare Job 28:22 etc.; so in allegory or fable Judges 9:8; 2 Kings 14:9 etc.; especially in narration, וַיֹּאמֶר etc., Genesis 4:6 + very often): mostly followed by thing said, either substantive Jeremiah 14:17 (with clause app.) Deuteronomy 27:16 f.; Judges 12:6; pronoun Genesis 44:16; 2 Kings 20:14 +; or (usually) clause Genesis 1:3; Genesis 3:1; Genesis 37:20 + often (oratio recta [direct speech]); with adverb thus, so Genesis 32:5; Numbers 20:14; 1 Kings 20:3,5 + often; especially כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה Exodus 5:1; Exodus 7:17; Exodus 8:1; Exodus 8:20; 1 Chronicles 17:4 + often; the person addressed usually introduced by אֵל Genesis 3:1; Genesis 15:7; Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; 2 Samuel 3:7; 1 Kings 12:5,23, or לְ Genesis 3:13; Genesis 4:15; 1 Samuel 20:2; 2 Samuel 2:21; 1 Kings 14:2 + often; rarer combinations are, בְּאָזְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Isaiah 49:20 (compare Isaiah 5:9 & see דָּבַר); לִפְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Ezekiel 28:9; לְעֵינֵי כֹה אָמַר Deuteronomy 31:7; Joshua 10:12; Jeremiah 28:11; בְּ כֹה אָמַר Joel 2:17; Psalm 126:2, where בְּ local; in all cases usually followed by direct object of words said, Exodus 19:25 being very singular; Genesis 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, compare Vrss Di; = mention, name, designate Genesis 22:2,3; Genesis 43:27,29; Exodus 32:13; Numbers 14:40; 1 Samuel 10:16; 1 Samuel 16:3; 2 Samuel 6:22; Nehemiah 6:19; compare Psalm 139:20 יֹמְרוּךָ לִמְזִמָּה speak of thee for falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che, read יַמְרוּךָ); = tell, declare, proclaim, (followed by direct object only) Psalm 40:11; Ezekiel 13:7; in reply to question = answer Exodus 12:27; Joshua 4:7; 1 Kings 9:9; Jeremiah 5:19; Jeremiah 22:9. The object spoken of may be referred to by אֵל 2 Kings 19:32; Jeremiah 22:18; Jeremiah 27:19, or לְ Genesis 20:13 אִמְרִי לִי say of me, etc. Deuteronomy 33:9; Judges 9:54; Isaiah 5:20; Psalm 3:3; Psalm 71:10, very rarely by a simple accusative Isaiah 3:10 (where read probably for אִמְרוּ, אַשְׁרֵי), except after אֲשֶׁר where the words used follow (compare אֲשֶׁר 4d) Genesis 3:17; Numbers 10:29; Numbers 14:31; Deuteronomy 28:68; Judges 7:4; 1 Samuel 9:17,23b 1 Kings 8:29; Lamentations 4:20; compare Numbers 21:16; 2 Kings 17:12; 2 Kings 21:4, & (two extreme cases) Isaiah 8:12; Lamentations 2:15 (see Dr Sm i. 24, 5); הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7 read infinitive absolute with ה interrogative הֵאָמֹר (see above) shall one say? shall it be said? After another verb of saying, introducing thing said: Deuteronomy 21:7; Deuteronomy 25:9; Deuteronomy 27:15; Song of Solomon 2:10 +, even after אָמַר Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; Jeremiah 34:2; Esther 7:5 +; especially infinitive לֵאמֹר, after דָּבַר Genesis 8:15, צָוָה Genesis 2:16, עָנָה Genesis 44:16, בָּרַךְ Genesis 1:22, נָשַׁבַע Genesis 24:7, נָּדַר Genesis 28:20, etc.; after אָמַר 2 Samuel 3:18; 1 Kings 12:23; Ruth 4:4; 1 Chronicles 21:18 +; after שָׁלַח 2 Chronicles 35:21, שׁוּב Genesis 32:7; compare also Genesis 28:6; Exodus 5:13; Exodus 9:5; Exodus 13:8; Exodus 17:4; Numbers 11:20; Deuteronomy 1:28; Deuteronomy 13:7; Judges 8:15; 1 Samuel 23:2; 1 Kings 13:3; Jeremiah 32:3; Jeremiah 37:9 +; also when subject of לֵאמֹר differs from that of preceding clause Genesis 31:1; Genesis 38:13,24 etc.; after שָׁמַע Isaiah 37:9 = 2 Kings 19:9.

1. Say in the heart (= think)

• בְּלֵב כֹּה אָמַר Deuteronomy 8:17 compare 1 Kings 12:26; Psalm 10:6; Psalm 10:11; Psalm 10:13; Psalm 14:1; Psalm 35:25; Isaiah 14:13; Isaiah 47:8,10; Isaiah 49:21; Ecclesiastes 2:1,15; Ecclesiastes 3:17,18; לִלְבָבוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Hosea 7:2; אֵל לִבּוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Genesis 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subject כֹּה יְהוָה, compare 1 Samuel 27:1; אָמְרָה נַפְשִׁי Lamentations 3:24; thence כֹּה אָמַר alone Genesis 20:11; Genesis 26:9; Numbers 24:11; Ruth 4:4; 1 Samuel 20:26; 2 Samuel 5:6; 2 Kings 5:11; followed by clause with כִּי Judges 15:2; in particular = desire מַה תֹּאמַר נַפְשֶׁךָ 1 Samuel 20:4 compare Esther 2:13; followed by infinitive = purpose, Exodus 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian? Joshua 22:33; 1 Samuel 30:6; 1 Kings 5:19; 2 Chronicles 28:10,13; expect 2 Samuel 21:16 he expected to slay David 2 Chronicles 13:8; 2 Chronicles 32:1.

2. Promise

• (followed by infinitive) 1 Chronicles 27:23; 2 Chronicles 21:7; Esther 4:7; (idem + לְ of person) 2 Kings 8:19; Nehemiah 9:15; (followed by accusative of direct object + לְ of person + infinitive of purpose) Nehemiah 9:23.

3. Command

• (especially late) followed by אֵל of person addressed, Numbers 15:38; 1 Chronicles 21:18; followed by לְ Joshua 11:9; 2 Samuel 16:11; 2 Kings 4:24; Job 9:7; Psalm 106:34 (see below אֲשֶׁר 8e); followed by infinitive 1 Samuel 24:11; 1 Chronicles 21:17; 2 Chronicles 1:18; 2 Chronicles 29:27,30; 2 Chronicles 31:11; Esther 1:17; Esther 4:13,15; Esther 6:1; followed by infinitive + לְ of pers, 2 Chronicles 14:3; 2 Chronicles 29:21; 2 Chronicles 31:4; Esther 1:10; followed by accusative direct object 2 Chronicles 29:24 the king commanded the burnt-offering and the sin-offering, compare 1 Kings 5:20; Esther 2:15; followed by clause with אֲשֶׁר = that Nehemiah 13:19; idem + לְ of person Nehemiah 13:22; followed by clause with כִּי Job 36:10; absolute 1 Samuel 16:16 (read however probably יֹאמְרוּ for יֹאמַר, compare Dr); also Psalm 105:31; Psalm 105:34; Psalm 107:25; 1 Chronicles 14:12; 2 Chronicles 24:8; Nehemiah 13:9,19 (all followed by verb consecutive); command by letter עִם הַסֵּפֶר כֹּה אָמַר Esther 9:25 (followed by imperfect); appoint, assign לוֹ לְלֶחֶם כֹּה אָמַר 1 Kings 11:18 = threaten followed by infinitive Deuteronomy 9:25; Psalm 106:23.

Niphal

Perfect נֶאֱמַר Daniel 8:26; Imperfect יֵאָמֵר Genesis 22:14 +; יֵאָמַר לוֹ Isaiah 4:3; יֵאָמַר Genesis 10:9 +; וַיֵּאָמַר Joshua 2:2; be said, told Genesis 10:9; Genesis 22:14; Psalm 87:5; Jeremiah 4:11; Jeremiah 16:14 (all absolute, indefinite subject, of current saying); so said in a book Numbers 21:14; be related, told, of vision Daniel 8:26; said, told to (followed by לְ indirect object) Joshua 2:2; Hosea 2:1 (twice in verse); Zephaniah 3:16; either so, or told concerning Numbers 23:23; Ezekiel 13:12 (אֵל); יֵאָמֵר לָכֶם = ye shall be called (it shall be said to you) Isaiah 61:6 ("" תִּקָּרְאוּ לָכֶם), compare Isaiah 4:3; Isaiah 19:18; Isaiah 32:5 ("" יִקָּרֵא לְ) Isaiah 62:4 (twice in verse); hence be called, of Tophet לֹא יֵאָמֵר עוֹד הַתֹּפֶת Jeremiah 7:32; subject שֵׁם Genesis 32:29; Job 34:31 כִּי אֵל אֵל יֵאָמֵר, Rabb (compare AV) treat יֵאָמֵר as Niph`al Infinitive for לֵאָמֵר, but against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Perfect, אֵל אֵל being prefixed to the interrogative for emphasis (compare Jeremiah 22:15; Jeremiah 23:26; Nehemiah 13:27), see Dr § 9 Di and others; Hoffm., however, reads יֵאָמֵר infinitive absolute = imperative 'so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.'

Hiphil

Perfect הֵאֱמִיר Deuteronomy 26:17 הֵאֱמַרְתָּ הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים; Deuteronomy 26:18 הֵאֱמִיר יְהוָה הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לוֹ לְעַם (literally cause to declare, i.e. through agency of Moses; on this & other interpretations see Di).

Hithpael

Imperfect יִתְאַמֵּר Psalm 94:4 subject כָּל מְעֹלֵל אָוֶן act proudly, boast ("" יַבִּיעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק probably also 2 masculine plural תִּתְאַמֵּרוּ Isaiah 61:6 (in good sense, followed by בְּ of thing gloried in) Ges Comm. so De Che Kö i. 457 f. (from [ יָמַר ] exchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di; but see יָמַר, מוֹר).

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² √ Root or stem.

³ || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

⁴ = Equivalent / equals.

⁵ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ ? Sign of doubt.

⁸ t. times (following a number).

⁹ * Assumed form (not actually found).

¹⁰ ° Additions / glosses.

¹¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37.

¹³ Dl Pr 28.

¹⁴ Ew § 328 d.

¹⁵ Kö i. p. 385.

¹⁶ Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

¹⁷ Dr Sm i. 24, 5.

¹⁸ Vrss Versions.

¹⁹ Di Dillmann.

²⁰ Hup Hupfeld.

²¹ Pe Perowne.

²² Dy Delitzsch.

²³ Che Cheyne.

²⁴ AV Authorized Version.

²⁵ Rabb Rabbinic.

²⁶ Dr § 9.

²⁷ Hoffm Hoffmann.

²⁸ Ges Gesenius.

²⁹ De Delitzsch.

³⁰ Kö König.

³¹ Thes Thesaurus.

³² Hi Hitzig.

³³ Kn Knobel.

³⁴ Ew Ewald.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0559:

No stats available

אליהם אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם

toward themselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

near, with or among; often in general, to

Root

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

Exhaustive

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H413

הם

Definition

them, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9038

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H413

אֵל (nearly always followed by maqqeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job (1 Samuel 3:22; 1 Samuel 5:26; 1 Samuel 15:22; 1 Samuel 29:19), with suffix אֱלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֱלֶיךְ, etc. אֱלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 times) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֱלֵימוֹ Psalm 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exodus 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic عربي), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

Cognates:

• Assyrian ilî
• Arabic عربي

1. Motion to or unto a person or place

• Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:22; Genesis 3:19; Genesis 8:9; Genesis 14:22; Genesis 16:9 etc.
• After every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֹא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though לְ is here more common) Genesis 21:14; Genesis 35:4; Deuteronomy 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Deuteronomy 37:36, etc.
• Metaphorical Jeremiah 2:19 וְלֹא פַּחַדְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31:23).
• Peculiarly Genesis 6:16 אֵל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc.
• And metaphor in the phrase אֵל (אֱלֵי) גִּיל unto exultation Hosea 9:11; Job 3:22.
• Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5:5 וְאֵל מִצִּגִּים יִקָּחֶהָ and even out of thorns he taketh it.
• Sometimes pregnant, as Isaiah 66:17; Jeremiah 41:7 זָנָה אֵל commit whoredom (by going) to Numbers 25:1; Ezekiel 16:26, Ezekiel 16:28, Ezekiel 16:29; דָּרַשׁ אֵל seek (by resorting) to Deuteronomy 18:11; Isaiah 8:19; Isaiah 11:10 +; חָבַר אֵל join together (& come) unto Genesis 14:3; הִשְׁכִּימוּ אֵל rise early (and go) to Genesis 19:27; Genesis 24:11 הִבְרִיךְ אֵל made to kneel down at; Genesis 47:18 תַּם אֵל i.e. has been made over to; מָחַד אֵל to come in fear to Hosea 3:5; Micah 7:17.
• Opposite is מִן, as מִן הַקָּצֶה אֵל הַקָּצֶה from end to end Exodus 26:28; מֵה אֵל מֵה Ezra 9:11 (synonym 2 Kings 21:16 מֵה לָפֶה).
• And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֵל עֵת 1 Chronicles 9:25; מִיּוֹם אֵל יוֹם Numbers 30:15 (P) 1 Chronicles 16:23 (in the Psalm 96:2 מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into

• Genesis 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark Genesis 7:1; Genesis 19:3; Genesis 41:21; Genesis 42:17; & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting Genesis 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיכוּ) Genesis 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֵל בֵּית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Exodus 28:30 (Leviticus 8:8) Deuteronomy 23:25; so after קָבַר to bury Genesis 23:19; Genesis 25:9; Genesis 49:29; שָׁחַט to squeeze Genesis 40:11; מָחָה to blot out Numbers 5:23, etc.; metaphor Genesis 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׁם אֵל לֵב, הָשִׁיב to place, bring into ( = lay to ) heart Deuteronomy 4:39; 2 Samuel 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1 Samuel 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֵל הַכְּלִים in among the baggage, Jeremiah 4:3 sow not אֵל קֹצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything

• (a) Of physical acts or states, as Genesis 30:40 נָתַן מִנִּי הַצֹּאן אֵל, Genesis 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֵל, Exodus 25:20; Numbers 6:26, נָשָׂא פָּנָיו אֵל (2 Kings 9:32 differently), 2 Kings 24:1 שָׁת מִנִּיו אֵל, Joshua 8:18; Psalm 28:2; 1 Kings 8:29, 1 Kings 8:30 (to pray towards) 1 Kings 8:38; pregnantly חָרַד אֵל to tremble (turning) to Genesis 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֵל to wonder (turning) towards Genesis 43:33; Isaiah 13:8, מָחַד אֵל Jeremiah 36:16: without a verb מֵנִּים אֵל מֵנִּים face to face Genesis 32:31 +; מֵה אֵל מֵה Numbers 12:8; כִּאֲיִנֵּנוּ אֵלֶיךָ the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).
• (b) With words such as אָמַר to say to Genesis 3:1 + often, דִּבֵּר Genesis 8:15 + often, קָרָא Genesis 19:5, הִגִּיד Genesis 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to Genesis 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to Genesis 12:15 (compare Ezekiel 13:19 חִלֵּל אֵל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezekiel 40:14.
• (c) With words expressing the direction of the mind, as קָוָה to wait Psalm 27:14 +; יָחַל to hope Isaiah 51:5; נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֵל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Deuteronomy 24:15; Psalm 25:1; שָׁם לֵב אֵל, שִׁית to set the heart (mind) to Exodus 9:21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֵל to accustom oneself to Jeremiah 10:2; חָרַד אֵל to shew fear towards 2 Kings 4:13; Genesis 43:30; Deuteronomy 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, against

• Genesis 4:8 אֵל הֶבֶל and Cain rose up against Abel (so 1 Samuel 24:8) 1 Samuel 22:12; Exodus 14:5; Numbers 32:14; with נִקַּם Joshua 10:6, הָלַךְ Judges 1:10; Judges 20:30; with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Genesis 42:21; Judges 9:57; 1 Samuel 2:34; 1 Kings 14:10 +; Isaiah 2:4; Isaiah 3:8 their tongue and doings are אֵלִי Isaiah 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֵל) Hosea 7:15 (compare Nahum 1:9) Hosea 12:5 וַיָּשַׁר אֵל מַלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֵל Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nahum 2:14; Nahum 3:5; Jeremiah 21:13 (Jeremiah 23:30-32 עַל) Jeremiah 50:31; Jeremiah 51:25; Ezekiel 13:8, Ezekiel 13:20; Ezekiel 21:8; Ezekiel 29:10; Ezekiel 30:22; Ezekiel 34:10; Ezekiel 35:3; Ezekiel 38:3; Ezekiel 39:1 (Ezekiel 5:8; Ezekiel 26:3; Ezekiel 28:22; Ezekiel 29:3 עַל: on Ezekiel 36:9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

• As Leviticus 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֵל אֲחֹתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Joshua 13:22 (Numbers 31:8 עַל); 1 Samuel 14:34 at eat אֵל הַחֹם together with the blood (1 Samuel 14:32 & Generally עַל); 1 Kings 10:7 הוֹסַף אֵל (generally עַל); Jeremiah 25:26; Ezekiel 7:26 שְׁמֻעָה אֵל שְׁמֻעָה (עַל); Ezekiel 44:7; Lamentations 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֵל כַּפֵּינוּ our hearts together with the hands (compare Arabic عربي, Qor 4:2; W AG ii. § 51 c).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of

• Thus הִתְאַבֵּל אֵל to mourn concerning 1 Samuel 15:35; הִנָּחֵם אֵל to repent as regards 2 Samuel 24:16; הִתְפַּלֵּל אֵל to pray with regard to 1 Samuel 1:27; 2 Kings 19:20; צָעַק אֵל to cry 2 Kings 8:3 (2 Kings 8:5 עַל); נֶעֱצַב אֵל be pained 1 Samuel 20:34; נִחַם אֵל to comfort 2 Samuel 10:2; more Generally 1 Kings 16:13; 1 Kings 21:22; אֵל נֶפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1 Kings 19:3; 2 Kings 7:7 (Genesis 19:17 עַל). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר אֵל Genesis 20:2; Isaiah 29:22; Isaiah 37:21, Isaiah 37:33 +; דִּבֵּר אֵל 2 Samuel 7:19; Jeremiah 40:16 b; סִמֵּר אֵל Psalm 2:7; Psalm 69:27; צָוָה אֵל Isaiah 23:11; שָׁמַע אֵל Ezekiel 19:4; הַשְׁמֻעָה אֵל the report regarding . . . 1 Samuel 4:19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare)

• אֵל מִצְוָה according to the command of, Joshua 15:13; Joshua 17:4; Joshua 21:3 (generally עַל מִצְוָה); אֵל נָבוֹן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1 Samuel 23:23; 1 Samuel 26:4 (see Dr); perhaps Psalm 5:1; Psalm 80:1 (Psalm 45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by

• Not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1), as Joshua 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֵל מֵי מְרוֹם at the waters of Merom, 1 Samuel 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2 Samuel 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him אֵל הַחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Deuteronomy 33:28; Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7; but also in other cases, as Joshua 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֵל גִּבְעַת הָעֲרָלִים at the hill of the foreskins, Joshua 22:11 have built an altar אֵל גְּלִילוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Judges 12:6; 2 Samuel 3:32, 2 Samuel 14:30 & 2 Samuel 18:4 אֵל יַד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1 Kings 13:20 as they were sitting אֵל הַשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2 Kings 11:14 אֵל הַמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jeremiah 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jeremiah 46:10 אֵל נְהַר מְרָתַיִם by the Euphrates, Ezekiel 3:15; Ezekiel 11:11; Ezekiel 17:8; Ezekiel 31:7; Ezekiel 40:18; Ezekiel 43:3; Ezekiel 47:7; Ezekiel 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

• Thus אֵל אַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 5:23; 2 Kings 9:18, 2 Kings 9:19 סֹב אֵל אַחֲרֵי turn to behind me, Zechariah 6:5 (where אֵל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יָצָא אֵל before & after); אֵל בֵּין in between Ezekiel 31:10, Ezekiel 31:14; אֱל בֵּינֹת similarly Ezekiel 10:2; אֵל בֵּית to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within Leviticus 16:15; 2 Kings 11:15 have her forth in within the ranks; אֵל מוּל see מוּל; אֵל מִנֶּגֶב to the south of Joshua 15:3; אֵל מִחוּץ to the outside of Leviticus 4:12, Leviticus 4:21 +; אֵל נֹכַח to the front of Numbers 19:4; אֵל תַּחַת Judges 6:19; 1 Kings 8:6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In Genesis 20:13 אֵל כָּל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֹא שָׁמָּה וְג׳; Numbers 33:54 אֵל אֲשֶׁר וְג׳; Proverbs 17:8 (compare Deuteronomy 16:6); — אֵל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֵל to be used instead of בְּ. In Deuteronomy 31:14 אֱלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אֵל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus (a) Joshua 5:14 וַיִּמָּל אֵל מָנָיִו; 1 Samuel 13:13 אַתְּמַמְלֵאתָּ אֵלִי שְׂרָאֵל; 1 Samuel 14:34 (see below 5); 1 Samuel 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֵל הָהָר (contracted עַל הָהָר Deuteronomy 11:29); Deuteronomy 19:16; 2 Samuel 6:3; 2 Samuel 20:23 (contracted 2 Samuel 8:16) 1 Kings 13:29; 1 Kings 18:46 (contracted 2 Kings 3:15 עַל) Jeremiah 35:15; Ezekiel 7:18. (b) Judges 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, Judges 6:39 let there be dryness on (אֵל) the fleece; 1 Samuel 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, 1 Samuel 14:12 come up אֱלֵינוּ; 1 Samuel 16:23 & 1 Samuel 16:16 & 1 Samuel 18:10 צָלַח אֵל, 1 Samuel 10:6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1 Samuel 25:17 evil is determined אֵל אֲדֹנִינוּ וְעַל כָּל בֵּיתוֹ; 1 Samuel 25:25; 1 Samuel 27:10; 2 Samuel 2:9 וַיַּמְלֵךְ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳; 2 Samuel 3:29 יָחֻל עַל וְאֵל; 2 Kings 8:3 & 2 Kings 8:5; Jeremiah 19:15; Jeremiah 25:2; Jeremiah 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֵל הָעִיר הַזֹּאת; Jeremiah 27:19; Jeremiah 28:8; Jeremiah 33:14; Jeremiah 34:7; Jeremiah 36:31; Jeremiah 37:13, Jeremiah 37:14; Ezekiel 18:6, Ezekiel 18:11 & Ezekiel 18:15; Ezekiel 21:12 etc. Psalm 79:6 (Jeremiah 10:25 עַל twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers. Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל, as 1 Samuel 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1 Samuel 1:26 אֵל); 1 Samuel 1:13; 1 Samuel 25:25 אֵל עַל; 1 Kings 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַל בֵּיתוֹ (1 Kings 21:4 אֵל); Isaiah 22:15; Jeremiah 11:2; Jeremiah 23:35; Jeremiah 31:12. compare Dr Sm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

¹ If the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

² There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences.

³ It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

⁴ Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל.

⁵ Compare Driver, Samuel, i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

Preposition Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0413:

No stats available

שאוני שָׂאוּנִי

lift up myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נשא

nâsâʼ

Definition

to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative

Root

or נסה; (Psalm 4:6 (H7 (אבד))), a primitive root;

Exhaustive

or נסה; (Psalm 4:6 (אבד)), a primitive root; to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative; accept, advance, arise, (able to, (armor), suffer to) bear(-er, up), bring (forth), burn, carry (away), cast, contain, desire, ease, exact, exalt (self), extol, fetch, forgive, furnish, further, give, go on, help, high, hold up, honorable ([phrase] man), lade, lay, lift (self) up, lofty, marry, magnify, [idiom] needs, obtain, pardon, raise (up), receive, regard, respect, set (up), spare, stir up, [phrase] swear, take (away, up), [idiom] utterly, wear, yield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5375

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָשָׂא

verb • Root נשא • Strongs / High • Page 755

to lift, carry; give

נָשָׂא

verb • Root נשא • Strongs / High • Page 991

To stretch up, to raise up, to make ascend. Intr. to extend upward, to rise high, to grow, to be projecting, prominent, stretched out. Hence: 1. to raise the feet for walking; to lift up the hand in swearing; to entreat, pray; to lift up the head; to rise in repute, riches, dignity; to lift up the countenance, i.e. to walk along with face raised; to lift up the eyes, i.e. to look at, to behold.

נָשָׂא

verb qal • Root נשא • Strongs / High • Page 994

IV. (Kal unused) tr. same as נָשָׁה III. to extend, to stretch out, to widen.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָשָׂא

verb • Page 458

1. To lift or raise up (Gen. 7:17). (1.) To lift up the eyes (Gen. 13:10). (2.) To lift up the hand, as an oath (Ex. 6:8) or against someone (2 Sam. 20:21). (3.) To raise one's heart to long for something (Deut. 24:15). (4.) To lift up the head of anyone, to exalt or release from prison (2 K. 25:27). (5.) To lift up the voice, as in weeping or rejoicing (Gen. 27:38, Is. 24:14). (6.) To utter, speak (Ex. 20:7). (7.) To begin.

נְשָׂא

verb • Root נשא • Page 460

Chald. 1. to take. Ezra 5: 15. 2. to take or carry away, spoken of the wind. Dan. 2: 35.

נִשָּׂא

verb • Root נשא • Page 459

1. To rise, to be raised up, to be elevated (Ezek. 1:19—21, Is. 2:2). 2. To be borne (Ex. 25:28), or to be carried away (2 K. 20:17).

נָשָׂא

verb • Root נשא • Page 459

To lift up, bear, or take. Meanings on this page include: (8) one's heart raises or excites him (Ex. 35:21); (9) to put or set on anything (Gen. 31:17); (10) to raise oneself, to rise (Ps. 89:10). (2) To bear fruit (Ezek. 17:8), to bear away (1 Sam. 17:34), to suffer (Is. 1:14), to bear guilt or sin (Lev. 5:1, 17), or to bring (as wind, 1 K. 10:11). (3) To take (Gen. 27:3), to accept/be gracious to a person (Gen. 32:21), to take away (Dan. 1:16), to take the number or sum (Ex. 30:12), or to receive (Ps. 24:5).

נָשָׁא

verb • Root נשא • Page 460

I. in Kal not used; perhaps to err, wander (kindred with נָשָׁה to forget.) Hiph. הִשִּׁיא to lead astray; hence 1. to deceive; 2 K. 18 : 29. 2. to seduce. Gen. 3: 13. Jer. 49: 16. Niph. to be deceived. Is. 19: 13.

נָשָׁא

verb • Root נשא • Page 460

II. i. q. נָשָׁה no. II. to lend on usury, Neh. 5: 7. Hiph. to press, spoken of a creditor. Ps. 89: 23.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5375

Aramaic

I. נְשָׂא (compare Biblical Hebrew; rare in Aramaic; see נְסִי, נְסָא¹) verb — lift, take, carry.

1. Pe`al
   • Perfect 3 masculine singular נְשָׂא Daniel 2:35 carry away (of wind, with accusative of thing)
   • Imperative masculine singular שֵׂא Ezra 5:15 take (accusative vessels)
2. Hithpa.
   • make a rising, an insurrection: Participle feminine singular מִתְנַשְּׂאָה Ezra 4:19, עַל person

נְשֵׁיהוֺן see [נָשִׁין] below II. אנשׁ.

¹ Jacob Levy, Chaldäisches Wörterbuch über die Targumim (1867) (ChWB); Neuhebräisches und Chaldäisches Wörterbuch über die Talmudim und Midraschim (1876–89) (NHWB).

Verb Qal imperative second person masculine plural, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: λήμψεται αἴρων λήμψονται ἔλαβεν λαβὲ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5375:

λήμψεται 20× (3.0%)

αἴρων 20× (2.6%)

λήμψονται 17× (2.4%)

ἔλαβεν 16× (2.4%)

λαβὲ 16× (2.5%)

ἦρα 16× (2.4%)

ἔλαβον 16× (2.2%)

αἴροντεσ 16× (2.4%)

ἦραν 15× (2.1%)

ἀναβλέψασ 14× (2.0%)

והטילני וַהֲטִילֻנִי

and hurl myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

טול

ṭûwl

Definition

to pitch over or reel; hence (transitively) to cast down or out

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to pitch over or reel; hence (transitively) to cast down or out; carry away, (utterly) cast (down, forth, out), send out.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2904

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

טוּל

verb • Root טלל • Strongs / High • Page 557

I. (not used) intransitive verb, to totter, to reel, to move, to stir, to move forward, of persons walking.

טוּל

verb • Root טל • Strongs / High • Page 558

II. (not used) 1. to heave (on high), to lift up, to remove, to bear. 2. Metaph. to rock, to be weighty, heavy.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

טוּל

verb • Root טול • Page 262

In Kal not used. Hiph. הֵטִיל to extend along, to throw, to cast (1 Sam. 18: 11; Jon. 1: 5, 12). Hoph. to be cast (Prov. 16: 33). Pilp. טִלְטֵל to throw or cast away (Is. 22: 17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2904

[טוּל] verb — hurl, cast.

Cognates:

• Arabic طال be extended, elongated (Hom^{NS 87})
• Assyrian tâlu
• Aramaic טַיֵּל walk about
• Ethiopic ጠለ hang loosely, expand

Pilpel

Participle מְטַלְטֶלְךָ טַלְטֵלָה גָ֫בֶר Isaiah 22:17 hurleth thee violently.

Hiph`il

— Perfect הֵטִיל Jonah 1:4; וְהֵטַלְתִּ֫י Jeremiah 16:13, Jeremiah 22:26; Imperfect וַיָּ֫טֶל 1 Samuel 18:11 (but see below), 1 Samuel 20:33; אֲטִילֶ֑ךָ Ezekiel 32:4 (ᵐ5¹ Co² omitted), וַיָּטִ֫לוּ Jonah 1:5; וַיְטִלֻהוּ Jonah 1:15; — cast, cast out:

• Of casting a javelin (חֲנִית) 1 Samuel 18:11 (but read here וַיִּטֹל, √ נטל, and took up, so ᵐ5 ᵑ7³ Th We Kp Kit, see also Dr⁴); 1 Samuel 20:33 followed by על person aimed at.
• Jonah into the sea אֶלהַֿיָּם Jonah 1:12, Jonah 1:15.
• The cargo כֵּלִים Jonah 1:5.
• figurative of Yahweh casting Pharaoh על־פְּנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה Ezekiel 32:4 (Co strike out, see above; parallel with וּנְטַשְׁתִּיךָ בָאָרֶץ).
• hurl (send violently), of Yahweh sending furious wind Jonah 1:4.
• figurative of hurling king of Judah, etc. into exile Jeremiah 16:3 followed by accusative + מֵעַל of land from which, and עַל of that to which; Jeremiah 22:26 with accusative + עַל of land to which.

Hoph`al

— Perfect הוּטֲלוּ Jeremiah 22:28; Imperfect יוּטַל Proverbs 16:33; יוּטָ֑ל Psalm 37:24; יֻטָֿ֑ל Job 41:1.

1. be hurled

• Into exile Jeremiah 22:28 (parallel with הֻשְׁלְכוּ).
• Hurled down, headlong, כִּי יִמֹּל לֹא יוּטָ֑ל Psalm 37:24 when he falls he shall not be hurled headlong (figurative of a good man).
• יֻטָֿ֑ל Job 41:1 be overwhelmed, at sight of the crocodile.

2. of inanimate thing

be cast, thrown, the lot בַּחֵיק יוּטַל אֶתהַֿגּוֺרָל Proverbs 16:33.

¹ ᵐ5 Septuagint.

² Carl Heinrich Cornill.

³ ᵑ7 Targum.

⁴ Th. (Thenius), We. (Wellhausen), Kp. (Kirkpatrick), Kit. (Kittel), Dr. (S. R. Driver).

Conjunction, Verb Hiphil imperative second person masculine plural, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: ἀπορρίψω

LXX Usage Statistics

H2904:

ἀπορρίψω 2× (11.8%)

אל אֶל־

toward

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

near, with or among; often in general, to

Root

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

Exhaustive

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H413

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H413

אֵל (nearly always followed by maqqeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job (1 Samuel 3:22; 1 Samuel 5:26; 1 Samuel 15:22; 1 Samuel 29:19), with suffix אֱלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֱלֶיךְ, etc. אֱלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 times) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֱלֵימוֹ Psalm 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exodus 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic عربي), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

Cognates:

• Assyrian ilî
• Arabic عربي

1. Motion to or unto a person or place

• Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:22; Genesis 3:19; Genesis 8:9; Genesis 14:22; Genesis 16:9 etc.
• After every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֹא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though לְ is here more common) Genesis 21:14; Genesis 35:4; Deuteronomy 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Deuteronomy 37:36, etc.
• Metaphorical Jeremiah 2:19 וְלֹא פַּחַדְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31:23).
• Peculiarly Genesis 6:16 אֵל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc.
• And metaphor in the phrase אֵל (אֱלֵי) גִּיל unto exultation Hosea 9:11; Job 3:22.
• Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5:5 וְאֵל מִצִּגִּים יִקָּחֶהָ and even out of thorns he taketh it.
• Sometimes pregnant, as Isaiah 66:17; Jeremiah 41:7 זָנָה אֵל commit whoredom (by going) to Numbers 25:1; Ezekiel 16:26, Ezekiel 16:28, Ezekiel 16:29; דָּרַשׁ אֵל seek (by resorting) to Deuteronomy 18:11; Isaiah 8:19; Isaiah 11:10 +; חָבַר אֵל join together (& come) unto Genesis 14:3; הִשְׁכִּימוּ אֵל rise early (and go) to Genesis 19:27; Genesis 24:11 הִבְרִיךְ אֵל made to kneel down at; Genesis 47:18 תַּם אֵל i.e. has been made over to; מָחַד אֵל to come in fear to Hosea 3:5; Micah 7:17.
• Opposite is מִן, as מִן הַקָּצֶה אֵל הַקָּצֶה from end to end Exodus 26:28; מֵה אֵל מֵה Ezra 9:11 (synonym 2 Kings 21:16 מֵה לָפֶה).
• And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֵל עֵת 1 Chronicles 9:25; מִיּוֹם אֵל יוֹם Numbers 30:15 (P) 1 Chronicles 16:23 (in the Psalm 96:2 מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into

• Genesis 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark Genesis 7:1; Genesis 19:3; Genesis 41:21; Genesis 42:17; & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting Genesis 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיכוּ) Genesis 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֵל בֵּית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Exodus 28:30 (Leviticus 8:8) Deuteronomy 23:25; so after קָבַר to bury Genesis 23:19; Genesis 25:9; Genesis 49:29; שָׁחַט to squeeze Genesis 40:11; מָחָה to blot out Numbers 5:23, etc.; metaphor Genesis 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׁם אֵל לֵב, הָשִׁיב to place, bring into ( = lay to ) heart Deuteronomy 4:39; 2 Samuel 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1 Samuel 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֵל הַכְּלִים in among the baggage, Jeremiah 4:3 sow not אֵל קֹצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything

• (a) Of physical acts or states, as Genesis 30:40 נָתַן מִנִּי הַצֹּאן אֵל, Genesis 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֵל, Exodus 25:20; Numbers 6:26, נָשָׂא פָּנָיו אֵל (2 Kings 9:32 differently), 2 Kings 24:1 שָׁת מִנִּיו אֵל, Joshua 8:18; Psalm 28:2; 1 Kings 8:29, 1 Kings 8:30 (to pray towards) 1 Kings 8:38; pregnantly חָרַד אֵל to tremble (turning) to Genesis 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֵל to wonder (turning) towards Genesis 43:33; Isaiah 13:8, מָחַד אֵל Jeremiah 36:16: without a verb מֵנִּים אֵל מֵנִּים face to face Genesis 32:31 +; מֵה אֵל מֵה Numbers 12:8; כִּאֲיִנֵּנוּ אֵלֶיךָ the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).
• (b) With words such as אָמַר to say to Genesis 3:1 + often, דִּבֵּר Genesis 8:15 + often, קָרָא Genesis 19:5, הִגִּיד Genesis 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to Genesis 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to Genesis 12:15 (compare Ezekiel 13:19 חִלֵּל אֵל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezekiel 40:14.
• (c) With words expressing the direction of the mind, as קָוָה to wait Psalm 27:14 +; יָחַל to hope Isaiah 51:5; נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֵל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Deuteronomy 24:15; Psalm 25:1; שָׁם לֵב אֵל, שִׁית to set the heart (mind) to Exodus 9:21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֵל to accustom oneself to Jeremiah 10:2; חָרַד אֵל to shew fear towards 2 Kings 4:13; Genesis 43:30; Deuteronomy 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, against

• Genesis 4:8 אֵל הֶבֶל and Cain rose up against Abel (so 1 Samuel 24:8) 1 Samuel 22:12; Exodus 14:5; Numbers 32:14; with נִקַּם Joshua 10:6, הָלַךְ Judges 1:10; Judges 20:30; with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Genesis 42:21; Judges 9:57; 1 Samuel 2:34; 1 Kings 14:10 +; Isaiah 2:4; Isaiah 3:8 their tongue and doings are אֵלִי Isaiah 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֵל) Hosea 7:15 (compare Nahum 1:9) Hosea 12:5 וַיָּשַׁר אֵל מַלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֵל Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nahum 2:14; Nahum 3:5; Jeremiah 21:13 (Jeremiah 23:30-32 עַל) Jeremiah 50:31; Jeremiah 51:25; Ezekiel 13:8, Ezekiel 13:20; Ezekiel 21:8; Ezekiel 29:10; Ezekiel 30:22; Ezekiel 34:10; Ezekiel 35:3; Ezekiel 38:3; Ezekiel 39:1 (Ezekiel 5:8; Ezekiel 26:3; Ezekiel 28:22; Ezekiel 29:3 עַל: on Ezekiel 36:9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

• As Leviticus 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֵל אֲחֹתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Joshua 13:22 (Numbers 31:8 עַל); 1 Samuel 14:34 at eat אֵל הַחֹם together with the blood (1 Samuel 14:32 & Generally עַל); 1 Kings 10:7 הוֹסַף אֵל (generally עַל); Jeremiah 25:26; Ezekiel 7:26 שְׁמֻעָה אֵל שְׁמֻעָה (עַל); Ezekiel 44:7; Lamentations 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֵל כַּפֵּינוּ our hearts together with the hands (compare Arabic عربي, Qor 4:2; W AG ii. § 51 c).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of

• Thus הִתְאַבֵּל אֵל to mourn concerning 1 Samuel 15:35; הִנָּחֵם אֵל to repent as regards 2 Samuel 24:16; הִתְפַּלֵּל אֵל to pray with regard to 1 Samuel 1:27; 2 Kings 19:20; צָעַק אֵל to cry 2 Kings 8:3 (2 Kings 8:5 עַל); נֶעֱצַב אֵל be pained 1 Samuel 20:34; נִחַם אֵל to comfort 2 Samuel 10:2; more Generally 1 Kings 16:13; 1 Kings 21:22; אֵל נֶפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1 Kings 19:3; 2 Kings 7:7 (Genesis 19:17 עַל). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר אֵל Genesis 20:2; Isaiah 29:22; Isaiah 37:21, Isaiah 37:33 +; דִּבֵּר אֵל 2 Samuel 7:19; Jeremiah 40:16 b; סִמֵּר אֵל Psalm 2:7; Psalm 69:27; צָוָה אֵל Isaiah 23:11; שָׁמַע אֵל Ezekiel 19:4; הַשְׁמֻעָה אֵל the report regarding . . . 1 Samuel 4:19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare)

• אֵל מִצְוָה according to the command of, Joshua 15:13; Joshua 17:4; Joshua 21:3 (generally עַל מִצְוָה); אֵל נָבוֹן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1 Samuel 23:23; 1 Samuel 26:4 (see Dr); perhaps Psalm 5:1; Psalm 80:1 (Psalm 45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by

• Not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1), as Joshua 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֵל מֵי מְרוֹם at the waters of Merom, 1 Samuel 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2 Samuel 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him אֵל הַחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Deuteronomy 33:28; Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7; but also in other cases, as Joshua 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֵל גִּבְעַת הָעֲרָלִים at the hill of the foreskins, Joshua 22:11 have built an altar אֵל גְּלִילוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Judges 12:6; 2 Samuel 3:32, 2 Samuel 14:30 & 2 Samuel 18:4 אֵל יַד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1 Kings 13:20 as they were sitting אֵל הַשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2 Kings 11:14 אֵל הַמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jeremiah 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jeremiah 46:10 אֵל נְהַר מְרָתַיִם by the Euphrates, Ezekiel 3:15; Ezekiel 11:11; Ezekiel 17:8; Ezekiel 31:7; Ezekiel 40:18; Ezekiel 43:3; Ezekiel 47:7; Ezekiel 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

• Thus אֵל אַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 5:23; 2 Kings 9:18, 2 Kings 9:19 סֹב אֵל אַחֲרֵי turn to behind me, Zechariah 6:5 (where אֵל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יָצָא אֵל before & after); אֵל בֵּין in between Ezekiel 31:10, Ezekiel 31:14; אֱל בֵּינֹת similarly Ezekiel 10:2; אֵל בֵּית to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within Leviticus 16:15; 2 Kings 11:15 have her forth in within the ranks; אֵל מוּל see מוּל; אֵל מִנֶּגֶב to the south of Joshua 15:3; אֵל מִחוּץ to the outside of Leviticus 4:12, Leviticus 4:21 +; אֵל נֹכַח to the front of Numbers 19:4; אֵל תַּחַת Judges 6:19; 1 Kings 8:6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In Genesis 20:13 אֵל כָּל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֹא שָׁמָּה וְג׳; Numbers 33:54 אֵל אֲשֶׁר וְג׳; Proverbs 17:8 (compare Deuteronomy 16:6); — אֵל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֵל to be used instead of בְּ. In Deuteronomy 31:14 אֱלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אֵל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus (a) Joshua 5:14 וַיִּמָּל אֵל מָנָיִו; 1 Samuel 13:13 אַתְּמַמְלֵאתָּ אֵלִי שְׂרָאֵל; 1 Samuel 14:34 (see below 5); 1 Samuel 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֵל הָהָר (contracted עַל הָהָר Deuteronomy 11:29); Deuteronomy 19:16; 2 Samuel 6:3; 2 Samuel 20:23 (contracted 2 Samuel 8:16) 1 Kings 13:29; 1 Kings 18:46 (contracted 2 Kings 3:15 עַל) Jeremiah 35:15; Ezekiel 7:18. (b) Judges 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, Judges 6:39 let there be dryness on (אֵל) the fleece; 1 Samuel 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, 1 Samuel 14:12 come up אֱלֵינוּ; 1 Samuel 16:23 & 1 Samuel 16:16 & 1 Samuel 18:10 צָלַח אֵל, 1 Samuel 10:6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1 Samuel 25:17 evil is determined אֵל אֲדֹנִינוּ וְעַל כָּל בֵּיתוֹ; 1 Samuel 25:25; 1 Samuel 27:10; 2 Samuel 2:9 וַיַּמְלֵךְ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳; 2 Samuel 3:29 יָחֻל עַל וְאֵל; 2 Kings 8:3 & 2 Kings 8:5; Jeremiah 19:15; Jeremiah 25:2; Jeremiah 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֵל הָעִיר הַזֹּאת; Jeremiah 27:19; Jeremiah 28:8; Jeremiah 33:14; Jeremiah 34:7; Jeremiah 36:31; Jeremiah 37:13, Jeremiah 37:14; Ezekiel 18:6, Ezekiel 18:11 & Ezekiel 18:15; Ezekiel 21:12 etc. Psalm 79:6 (Jeremiah 10:25 עַל twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers. Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל, as 1 Samuel 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1 Samuel 1:26 אֵל); 1 Samuel 1:13; 1 Samuel 25:25 אֵל עַל; 1 Kings 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַל בֵּיתוֹ (1 Kings 21:4 אֵל); Isaiah 22:15; Jeremiah 11:2; Jeremiah 23:35; Jeremiah 31:12. compare Dr Sm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

¹ If the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

² There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences.

³ It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

⁴ Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל.

⁵ Compare Driver, Samuel, i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

Preposition

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0413:

No stats available

הים הַיָּם

the Sea

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ים

yâm

Definition

a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the south

Root

from an unused root meaning to roar;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to roar; a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the south; sea ([idiom] -faring man, (-shore)), south, west (-ern, side, -ward).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3220

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָם

noun / masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 613

A heap, conflux, or collection of water; a sea. The plural form יַמִּים is also used poetically for the singular. Figuratively, it can refer to a 'sea of clouds' or great rivers such as the Nile and the Euphrates. The construct state is יַם.

יָם

noun / masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 614

Sea, lake; specifically used for bodies of water like the Red Sea, the Jordan, the Mediterranean, and the Dead Sea. Also refers to the west, a large basin (the brazen sea), streams, and figuratively, a mass of people or an army.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָם

m. prim. • Page 284

A sea, an inland sea, or a lake. Specifically: the sea of Chinnereth (Num. 34:11), the Salt sea (Gen. 14:3), the Dead sea (Deut. 3:17), the sea of Reeds/Red sea (Ex. 15:4), and the Great sea/Mediterranean.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3220

I. יָם (approximate number of occurrences: 390)¹ noun masculine — sea.

Cognates:

• Phoenician ים
• Arabic يمّ
• Palmyrene בימא
• Assyrian iâmu, (îmu)²

— יָם absolute 1 Samuel 13:5 +; יָ֫מָּה Genesis 28:14 +; construct יָם Genesis 14:3 (23 times), also יָ֫מָּה סוּף Exodus 10:19, but always יַם־סוּף Exodus 13:18 (22 times); suffix יַמָּהּ Jeremiah 51:36; plural יַמִּים Judges 5:17 (29 times).

1. The Mediterranean Sea

• Numbers 13:29 (Elohist Source)
• Numbers 34:5 (Priests' Code)
• Deuteronomy 1:7
• Joshua 5:1
• 1 Kings 5:23
• Jonah 1:4

a. Other names for the Mediterranean

• הַיָּם הַגָּדוֺל (The Great Sea): Numbers 34:6, 7; Joshua 15:12, 47; Ezekiel 48:28 +; compare (+ וּרְחַב יָדַיִם גּ הַיּ) Psalm 104:25
• מְבוֺא הַיָּם חַגּ הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ: Joshua 1:4; Joshua 23:4 (Assyrian name tiamtu rabitu ša sulmu šamši)³
• הַיָּם הַגּ אֶל־מול הַלְּבָנוֺן: Joshua 9:1
• הַיָּם הָאַחֲרוֺן (The hinder sea): Deuteronomy 11:24; Deuteronomy 34:2; Zechariah 14:8; Joel 2:20 (opposed to Eastern Sea)
• יָם מְּלִשְׁתִּים (Sea of Philistines): Exodus 23:31 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• יָם יָפוֺ or יָפוֺא: 2 Chronicles 2:15; Ezra 3:7

2. The Red Sea

יַם־סוּף (see סוּף):

• Exodus 13:18 (compare Exodus 10:19)
• Exodus 15:4
• Numbers 14:25
• Deuteronomy 1:40
• Joshua 2:10
• Judges 11:16 + often
• Simply הַיָּם: Exodus 14:2; Exodus 14:9; Isaiah 51:10; Isaiah 63:11
• יָם מִצְרַיִם: Isaiah 11:15
• Of the Elanitic Gulf: 1 Kings 9:26 (compare 2 Chronicles 8:17)

3. The Dead Sea

• יָם מֶלַח (Sea of Salt): Genesis 14:3; Numbers 34:3, 12; Deuteronomy 3:17; Joshua 3:16; Joshua 12:3; Joshua 15:2, 5; Joshua 18:19
• יָם הָעֲרָבָה: Deuteronomy 3:17; Deuteronomy 4:49; Joshua 3:16; Joshua 12:3; 2 Kings 14:25
• הַיּ הַקַּדְמֹנִי (Eastern Sea): Ezekiel 47:18; Zechariah 14:8; Joel 2:29
• Simply יָם: Isaiah 16:8; Jeremiah 48:32

4. Sea of Galilee

• יָם כִּנֶּרֶת: Numbers 34:11; Joshua 13:27
• יָם כִּנְּרוֺת: Joshua 12:3
• Simply יָם: Deuteronomy 33:23

5. Generally sea

Opposed to earth and/or sky:

• Genesis 1:26, 28; Genesis 9:2 (Priests' Code)
• Exodus 20:11 (Elohist Source)
• Haggai 2:6; Job; Psalms; Isaiah, etc.
• As under the earth: Psalm 24:2 (compare Genesis 1:10; Exodus 20:5)
• figurative of a flood of invaders: Jeremiah 51:42

6. Of a mighty river

• Of the Nile: Nahum 3:8; Isaiah 19:5; Isaiah 27:1; Ezekiel 32:2
• Of the Euphrates: Isaiah 21:1; Jeremiah 51:36

7. The great basin in temple-court

Called the sea:

• וַיַּעַשׂ אֶת־הַיָּם מוּצָק: 1 Kings 7:23; 2 Chronicles 4:2
• יָם הַנְּחשֶׁת: 2 Kings 25:13; 1 Chronicles 18:8; Jeremiah 52:17
• Simply הַיָּם: 1 Kings 7:24, 25; Jeremiah 52:20

8. Combinations

a. Shore of sea, sea-shore

• שְׂפַת הַיָּם: Joshua 11:4; 1 Kings 5:9; Genesis 22:17
• חוֺף הַיּ: Joshua 9:1; Ezekiel 25:16
• חוֺף יַמִּים: Genesis 49:13; Judges 5:17
• חֶבֶל הַיָּם (Region by the sea): Zephaniah 2:5, 6

b. Sand of the sea (shore)

• חוֺל הַיָּם: Genesis 32:13; Genesis 41:49; Hosea 2:1; Isaiah 10:22
• חוֺל גְּבוּל לַיָּם: Jeremiah 5:22

c. Tongue (arm or gulf) of sea

• לְשׁוֺן הַיָּם: Joshua 15:5; Joshua 18:19; Isaiah 11:15

d. From sea to sea

• מִיָּם עַד־יָם: Amos 8:12; Zechariah 9:10; Psalm 72:8; Micah 7:12; Zechariah 14:8; Joel 2:20

9. West, westward

(Originally sea-ward from the position of the Mediterranean):

• With other points of compass: Genesis 13:14; Genesis 28:14 (Jehovist Source); Numbers 2:18; Numbers 35:5; Ezekiel 42:19; Daniel 8:4; Psalm 107:3 (read perhaps וּמִיָּמִן from the south)
• רוּהַ יָם (West wind): Exodus 10:19 (Jehovist Source)
• יָ֫מָּה (Westward): Exodus 26:22; Numbers 3:23; Joshua 15:8
• דֶּרֶךְ הַיָּם (Westward): Ezekiel 41:12
• גְּבוּל יָם (Western border): Numbers 34:6; Joshua 15:2
• מְּאַת־יָם (West side): Exodus 27:12; Numbers 35:5; Joshua 18:14

Aramaic

[יַם] noun masculine sea (Targum, Syriac; see Hebrew יָם).

1. emphatic sea
   • יַמָּא Daniel 7:2, Daniel 7:3

¹ Masculine usage confirmed in Exodus 14:27.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB 307); Muss-Arnolt, Concise Dictionary of the Assyrian Language (M-A CD 52); Haupt, Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (BAS i. 171 n).

³ Eberhard Schrader, Die Namen der Meere in den assyrischen Inschriften (Schr 171 ff.).

⁴ In Jeremiah 48:32 יָם יַעְזֵר is likely a textual error; see Graf, Grätz, Cheyne, and Giesebrecht.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: θάλασσαν θαλάσσησ θάλασσα θαλάσσῃ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3220:

θάλασσαν 144× (32.9%)

θαλάσσησ 126× (29.8%)

θάλασσα 39× (9.2%)

θαλάσσῃ 19× (4.2%)

'' 8× (1.9%)

θαλασσῶν 6× (1.6%)

--- 6× (1.6%)

ὕδωρ 6× (1.5%)

ἐρυθρὰν 5× (1.1%)

pεἰσ 4× (1.1%)

וישתק וְיִשְׁתֹּק

and he is being silent

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שתק

shâthaq

Definition

to subside

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to subside; be calm, cease, be quiet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8367

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הִשְׁתַּקְשֵׁק

verb • Root שקק • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1478

(from the reduplicated שׁוּקֵק) to run along, to run about, of chariots.

הִשְׁתַּקְשֵׁק

verb hithpael • Root שקשק • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1401

(Hithp. from reduplic. שׁקשׁק) To drive quickly, to rage, of a military chariot.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁתַק

verb • Page 704

fut. יִשְׁתֹּק, to be still, to rest; spoken e. g. of the waves, Jon. 1: 11, 12. Ps. 107: 30. of contention, Prov. 26: 20.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8367

שָׁתַק (late) verb — be quiet.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id., be silent
• Aramaic שְׁתַק, שְׁתֵיק, ܫܬܩ be quiet, silent (compare also שׁקט)

— Qal Imperfect 3 masculine singular, of sea יִשְׁתֹּק הַיָּם Jonah 1:11, 12 (followed by מֵעַל), of quarrel, strife Proverbs 26:20; 3 masculine plural of persons at sea, יִשְׁתֹּ֑קוּ Psalm 107:30.

Conjunction, Verb Qal third person masculine singular

LXX: κοπάσει

LXX Usage Statistics

H8367:

κοπάσει 2× (45.9%)

הים הַיָּם

the Sea

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ים

yâm

Definition

a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the south

Root

from an unused root meaning to roar;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to roar; a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the south; sea ([idiom] -faring man, (-shore)), south, west (-ern, side, -ward).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3220

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָם

noun / masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 613

A heap, conflux, or collection of water; a sea. The plural form יַמִּים is also used poetically for the singular. Figuratively, it can refer to a 'sea of clouds' or great rivers such as the Nile and the Euphrates. The construct state is יַם.

יָם

noun / masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 614

Sea, lake; specifically used for bodies of water like the Red Sea, the Jordan, the Mediterranean, and the Dead Sea. Also refers to the west, a large basin (the brazen sea), streams, and figuratively, a mass of people or an army.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָם

m. prim. • Page 284

A sea, an inland sea, or a lake. Specifically: the sea of Chinnereth (Num. 34:11), the Salt sea (Gen. 14:3), the Dead sea (Deut. 3:17), the sea of Reeds/Red sea (Ex. 15:4), and the Great sea/Mediterranean.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3220

I. יָם (approximate number of occurrences: 390)¹ noun masculine — sea.

Cognates:

• Phoenician ים
• Arabic يمّ
• Palmyrene בימא
• Assyrian iâmu, (îmu)²

— יָם absolute 1 Samuel 13:5 +; יָ֫מָּה Genesis 28:14 +; construct יָם Genesis 14:3 (23 times), also יָ֫מָּה סוּף Exodus 10:19, but always יַם־סוּף Exodus 13:18 (22 times); suffix יַמָּהּ Jeremiah 51:36; plural יַמִּים Judges 5:17 (29 times).

1. The Mediterranean Sea

• Numbers 13:29 (Elohist Source)
• Numbers 34:5 (Priests' Code)
• Deuteronomy 1:7
• Joshua 5:1
• 1 Kings 5:23
• Jonah 1:4

a. Other names for the Mediterranean

• הַיָּם הַגָּדוֺל (The Great Sea): Numbers 34:6, 7; Joshua 15:12, 47; Ezekiel 48:28 +; compare (+ וּרְחַב יָדַיִם גּ הַיּ) Psalm 104:25
• מְבוֺא הַיָּם חַגּ הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ: Joshua 1:4; Joshua 23:4 (Assyrian name tiamtu rabitu ša sulmu šamši)³
• הַיָּם הַגּ אֶל־מול הַלְּבָנוֺן: Joshua 9:1
• הַיָּם הָאַחֲרוֺן (The hinder sea): Deuteronomy 11:24; Deuteronomy 34:2; Zechariah 14:8; Joel 2:20 (opposed to Eastern Sea)
• יָם מְּלִשְׁתִּים (Sea of Philistines): Exodus 23:31 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• יָם יָפוֺ or יָפוֺא: 2 Chronicles 2:15; Ezra 3:7

2. The Red Sea

יַם־סוּף (see סוּף):

• Exodus 13:18 (compare Exodus 10:19)
• Exodus 15:4
• Numbers 14:25
• Deuteronomy 1:40
• Joshua 2:10
• Judges 11:16 + often
• Simply הַיָּם: Exodus 14:2; Exodus 14:9; Isaiah 51:10; Isaiah 63:11
• יָם מִצְרַיִם: Isaiah 11:15
• Of the Elanitic Gulf: 1 Kings 9:26 (compare 2 Chronicles 8:17)

3. The Dead Sea

• יָם מֶלַח (Sea of Salt): Genesis 14:3; Numbers 34:3, 12; Deuteronomy 3:17; Joshua 3:16; Joshua 12:3; Joshua 15:2, 5; Joshua 18:19
• יָם הָעֲרָבָה: Deuteronomy 3:17; Deuteronomy 4:49; Joshua 3:16; Joshua 12:3; 2 Kings 14:25
• הַיּ הַקַּדְמֹנִי (Eastern Sea): Ezekiel 47:18; Zechariah 14:8; Joel 2:29
• Simply יָם: Isaiah 16:8; Jeremiah 48:32

4. Sea of Galilee

• יָם כִּנֶּרֶת: Numbers 34:11; Joshua 13:27
• יָם כִּנְּרוֺת: Joshua 12:3
• Simply יָם: Deuteronomy 33:23

5. Generally sea

Opposed to earth and/or sky:

• Genesis 1:26, 28; Genesis 9:2 (Priests' Code)
• Exodus 20:11 (Elohist Source)
• Haggai 2:6; Job; Psalms; Isaiah, etc.
• As under the earth: Psalm 24:2 (compare Genesis 1:10; Exodus 20:5)
• figurative of a flood of invaders: Jeremiah 51:42

6. Of a mighty river

• Of the Nile: Nahum 3:8; Isaiah 19:5; Isaiah 27:1; Ezekiel 32:2
• Of the Euphrates: Isaiah 21:1; Jeremiah 51:36

7. The great basin in temple-court

Called the sea:

• וַיַּעַשׂ אֶת־הַיָּם מוּצָק: 1 Kings 7:23; 2 Chronicles 4:2
• יָם הַנְּחשֶׁת: 2 Kings 25:13; 1 Chronicles 18:8; Jeremiah 52:17
• Simply הַיָּם: 1 Kings 7:24, 25; Jeremiah 52:20

8. Combinations

a. Shore of sea, sea-shore

• שְׂפַת הַיָּם: Joshua 11:4; 1 Kings 5:9; Genesis 22:17
• חוֺף הַיּ: Joshua 9:1; Ezekiel 25:16
• חוֺף יַמִּים: Genesis 49:13; Judges 5:17
• חֶבֶל הַיָּם (Region by the sea): Zephaniah 2:5, 6

b. Sand of the sea (shore)

• חוֺל הַיָּם: Genesis 32:13; Genesis 41:49; Hosea 2:1; Isaiah 10:22
• חוֺל גְּבוּל לַיָּם: Jeremiah 5:22

c. Tongue (arm or gulf) of sea

• לְשׁוֺן הַיָּם: Joshua 15:5; Joshua 18:19; Isaiah 11:15

d. From sea to sea

• מִיָּם עַד־יָם: Amos 8:12; Zechariah 9:10; Psalm 72:8; Micah 7:12; Zechariah 14:8; Joel 2:20

9. West, westward

(Originally sea-ward from the position of the Mediterranean):

• With other points of compass: Genesis 13:14; Genesis 28:14 (Jehovist Source); Numbers 2:18; Numbers 35:5; Ezekiel 42:19; Daniel 8:4; Psalm 107:3 (read perhaps וּמִיָּמִן from the south)
• רוּהַ יָם (West wind): Exodus 10:19 (Jehovist Source)
• יָ֫מָּה (Westward): Exodus 26:22; Numbers 3:23; Joshua 15:8
• דֶּרֶךְ הַיָּם (Westward): Ezekiel 41:12
• גְּבוּל יָם (Western border): Numbers 34:6; Joshua 15:2
• מְּאַת־יָם (West side): Exodus 27:12; Numbers 35:5; Joshua 18:14

Aramaic

[יַם] noun masculine sea (Targum, Syriac; see Hebrew יָם).

1. emphatic sea
   • יַמָּא Daniel 7:2, Daniel 7:3

¹ Masculine usage confirmed in Exodus 14:27.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB 307); Muss-Arnolt, Concise Dictionary of the Assyrian Language (M-A CD 52); Haupt, Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (BAS i. 171 n).

³ Eberhard Schrader, Die Namen der Meere in den assyrischen Inschriften (Schr 171 ff.).

⁴ In Jeremiah 48:32 יָם יַעְזֵר is likely a textual error; see Graf, Grätz, Cheyne, and Giesebrecht.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: θάλασσαν θαλάσσησ θάλασσα θαλάσσῃ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3220:

θάλασσαν 144× (32.9%)

θαλάσσησ 126× (29.8%)

θάλασσα 39× (9.2%)

θαλάσσῃ 19× (4.2%)

'' 8× (1.9%)

θαλασσῶν 6× (1.6%)

--- 6× (1.6%)

ὕδωρ 6× (1.5%)

ἐρυθρὰν 5× (1.1%)

pεἰσ 4× (1.1%)

מעליכם מֵעֲלֵיכֶם

from upon yourselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

כם

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9036

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Prep-M, Preposition Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

כי כִּ֚י

for

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3588

I. כִּי conjunction — that, for, when.

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician כ
• Aramaic דֵּךְ this¹
• Latin nam

1. That

a. Prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb

Occupying the place of an accusative; after verbs of seeing, knowing, telling, etc.:

• Genesis 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֹב (God saw that it was good)
• Genesis 3:6, Genesis 6:2, Genesis 6:5, Genesis 12:14
• Genesis 14:14, Genesis 22:12 (knowing)
• Genesis 12:18, Genesis 6:6–7 (repenting)
• Genesis 22:16 (swearing)
• Job 36:10, 24 (commanding)
• Psalm 41:12 (after a pronoun)

b. Introducing direct narration

Like the Greek ὅτι recitativum:

• Genesis 21:30
• Genesis 29:33 and she said, כִּי שָׁמַע יְהוָה Yahweh hath heard, etc.
• Exodus 3:12
• Joshua 2:24
• 1 Samuel 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלֶךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ

c. Especially after an oath

Introducing the fact sworn to:

• Genesis 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם
• Numbers 14:22
• 1 Samuel 20:3 as יְהוָה liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת
• 1 Samuel 14:44 כֹּה יַעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֹסִיף כִּי מוֹת תָּמוּת

d. With adverbs and interjections

• אַף כִּי (see אַף)
• הֲכִי is it that...? 2 Samuel 9:1, Genesis 29:15
• אִם לֹא כִּי Deuteronomy 32:30 were it not that...
• כִּי עַתָּה (apodosis) Genesis 31:42, Genesis 43:10

e. Intensive force

Introducing a statement with emphasis: yea, surely, certainly:

• Exodus 18:11
• 1 Samuel 17:25
• Isaiah 32:13
• Lamentations 3:22 (the mercies of יְהוָה, surely they are not consumed)

f. That, expressing consecution

Especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation:

• Genesis 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me?
• Exodus 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go?
• Psalm 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ?
• Genesis 40:15 (after a negative)

2. Of time

a. When

• Of the past: Genesis 6:1, Genesis 26:8, 2 Samuel 6:13
• Of the present: Exodus 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter
• Of the future: Genesis 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶת הָאֲדָמָה, Exodus 7:9

b. Approximating to "if"

Representing a case likely to occur (mostly with imperfect):

• Genesis 38:16
• Often in laws: Exodus 21:14, 21:33; Leviticus 1:2

c. Concessive force (though)

• Jeremiah 49:16 כִּי תַגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest
• Micah 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָמְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise

3. Because, since

a. General causal

• Genesis 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou
• Genesis 18:20
• In answer to a question: Genesis 27:20, Exodus 1:19

b. Following the causal sentence (for)

• Genesis 2:3 כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת because on it he rested
• Psalm 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָי for my bones are vexed
• Ironical: 1 Kings 18:27 for he is a god

c. Subtle or explicative causal

Justifying a statement by unfolding particulars:

• Isaiah 3:8, Job 6:21
• 2 Samuel 23:5, Isaiah 5:7

d. After a negative (but / sondern)

• Genesis 17:15 not Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ but Sarah shall be her name
• Exodus 16:8 not against us... כִּי עַל יְהוָה but against Yahweh
• לֹא כִּי nay, but: Genesis 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָקְתְּ

4. Combined with Other Particles

a. כִּי אִם (except, but rather, surely)

• Except: Genesis 32:27 כִּי אִם בֵּרַכְתָּנִי except thou bless me
• But rather: Genesis 15:4, Genesis 32:29
• Surely (after oath): 2 Kings 5:20 כִּי אִם רַצְתִּי surely I will run

b. כִּי עַל כֵּן (forasmuch as / for therefore)

• Genesis 18:5 כִּי עַל כֵּן עֲבַרְתֶּם for therefore are ye come
• Numbers 14:43, Judges 6:22

¹ William Wright, Lectures on the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W. SG 110 f.).

² S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (Dr).

³ Ewald's Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

יודע יוֹדֵעַ

he who sees/known

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ידע

yâdaʻ

Definition

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation, care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation, punishment, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation, care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation, punishment, etc.); acknowledge, acquaintance(-ted with), advise, answer, appoint, assuredly, be aware, (un-) awares, can(-not), certainly, comprehend, consider, [idiom] could they, cunning, declare, be diligent, (can, cause to) discern, discover, endued with, familiar friend, famous, feel, can have, be (ig-) norant, instruct, kinsfolk, kinsman, (cause to let, make) know, (come to give, have, take) knowledge, have (knowledge), (be, make, make to be, make self) known, [phrase] be learned, [phrase] lie by man, mark, perceive, privy to, [idiom] prognosticator, regard, have respect, skilful, shew, can (man of) skill, be sure, of a surety, teach, (can) tell, understand, have (understanding), [idiom] will be, wist, wit, wot.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3045

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 583

To know, perceive, understand. It encompasses various meanings including: to perceive by the senses, to know carnally (euphemism), to understand mentally, to discover, to be skilled in, to have a clear consciousness of, to care for, and to have moral perception (to know good and evil).

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 584

to know, of the different meanings of Kal, to see, be seen, perceived, observed; to be known, to appear i.e. to be recognised; to be well-known, celebrated.

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 584

II. The original idea of the root: to distinguish, separate, divide, lay aside, remove. This meaning appears seldom in Scripture.

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 585

To divide, separate, split, cut. Figuratively, to chastise, visit, or punish.

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 585

A transposed form of יָדַע. The Kal form is not used.

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Strongs / High • Page 582

1. to see, to perceive by the organs of sight, to mark, to perceive; 2. to perceive by hearing, to know by the taste, to experience, to feel; 3. Metaphorically from this, to lie with (sexual intercourse).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָדַע

verb • Root ידע • Page 272

1. To know, understand, know how (Job 32:22, 1 Sam. 16:16). 2. To know, be acquainted with, know by name (Gen. 29:5, Ex. 33:12). 3. To perceive, observe, discern (Gen. 19:33, Judg. 13:21). 4. To learn, be informed, learn by experience (Gen. 9:24, Lev. 5:3, Ex. 6:7). 5. To imagine, expect (Ps. 35:8, Job 9:5). 6. To concern one's self about, take care of (Gen. 39:6, Prov. 27:23); spoken of God's interest in man (Ps. 144:3). 7. Euphemistic expression for sexual intercourse (Gen. 4:17, 25; 1 Sam. 1:19).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3045

I. יָדַע (approximate number of occurrences: 943) verb — know.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic יְדַע
• Phoenician ידע
• Ethiopic አאמַረ (II. I. indicate, announce, narrate)
• Assyrian idû (know)¹
• Sabean ידע (especially in compound proper names)²

— יָדַע absolute Genesis 4:1 +; יָדָ֑ע Leviticus 5:1 +; suffix יְדָעוֺ Deuteronomy 34:10; Job 28:7; יְדָעָהּ Genesis 24:16; 1 Kings 1:4; יְדָעָ֫נוּ Isaiah 63:16; 3 feminine singular יָָֽדְעָה Judges 11:39; 2 masculine singular יָדַעְתָּ Genesis 30:26 +; יָדַ֫עְתָּה 2 Samuel 2:26; יָדַ֫עַתְּ Ruth 2:11; 1 Kings 2:15; יָדָ֑עַתְּ Jeremiah 50:24; וְיָדַ֫עַתְּ consecutive Ruth 3:4; יָדַ֫עְתִּי Genesis 4:9 +; suffix יְדַעְתִּ֫יךָ Exodus 33:12; יְדַעְתִּיו Genesis 18:19; יָָֽדְעוּ Genesis 19:8 +; יָָֽדְעוּן Deuteronomy 8:3, 16; 2 masculine plural יְדַעְתֶּם Genesis 44:15 +; 2 feminine plural יְדַעְתֶּן Genesis 31:6; וִידַעְתֶּן consecutive Ezekiel 13:21, 23 etc.

Qal

1. Meanings and Uses

• a. know, learn to know, good and evil Genesis 3:22 (Jehovist Source), followed by אֶת־אֲשֶׁר 1 Samuel 28:9; מִסְפַּר הָעָם 2 Samuel 24:2; מְאוּמָה 1 Samuel 20:39; לֹא יָדַע אִתּוֺ מְאוּמָה Genesis 39:6; כָּל־דָּבָר 2 Samuel 15:11; subject God, knowing fowls Psalm 50:11; way to wisdom Job 28:23; the price of wisdom Job 28:13; something future יוֺם מוֺתִי Genesis 27:2 (Jehovist Source); followed by clause Genesis 12:11 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 22:12 (Elohist Source); followed by בְּ 1 Samuel 22:15; followed by עַל Job 37:16; followed by מִן 1 Samuel 23:23; especially יהוה וִידַע כִּי אֲנִי know that I am Yahweh Exodus 10:2 (Redactor), Exodus 6:7, Exodus 14:4, Exodus 16:12, Exodus 29:46 (all Priests' Code).
• b. perceive Genesis 19:33, 35 (Jehovist Source); with added idea of observing, taking note of, a place Ruth 3:4; with בְּ Psalm 31:8 (+ רָאָה אֶת־).
• c. (+ ראה), imperative דַּע וּרְאֵה perceive and see 1 Samuel 12:17; 1 Samuel 24:12; רְאוּ וּדְעוּ 1 Samuel 23:23; Jeremiah 5:1.
• d. discriminate, distinguish בֵּין טוֺב לְרָ֑ע 2 Samuel 19:36, compare Deuteronomy 1:29; Jonah 4:11.
• e. know by experience Joshua 23:14 (Deuteronomic Source); learn to know Yahweh Hosea 13:4; experience Yahweh's vengeance Ezekiel 25:14.
• f. recognise, admit, acknowledge, confess Jeremiah 3:13; Jeremiah 14:20; Isaiah 59:12; Psalm 51:5.
• g. consider Judges 18:14; דַּע וּרְאֵה 2 Samuel 24:13; 1 Kings 20:7, 22; Deuteronomy 8:5; Deuteronomy 4:39.
• h. לֹא יָדַע not know = not expect Isaiah 47:11; Psalm 35:8.

2. Know a person

be acquainted with Genesis 29:5 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 1:8 (Elohist Source), Job 42:11. Of beasts knowing owner Isaiah 1:3. Especially of knowing God Exodus 5:2 (Jehovist Source); involving intelligent worship, obedience, etc. Judges 2:10; Hosea 2:22; Psalm 79:6. Of God's knowing persons, throughly Hosea 5:3; Job 11:11; knowing the heart 1 Kings 8:39; Psalm 139:4; recognising and acknowledging them 2 Samuel 7:20; Nahum 1:7; יְדַעְתִּיךָ בְּשֵׁם Exodus 33:12 (Jehovist Source); = take notice of, regard Psalm 1:6; Psalm 31:7; Amos 3:2; Hosea 13:5.

3. Know a person carnally

Of sexual intercourse; man subject Genesis 4:1, 17, 25; Genesis 24:16; Genesis 38:26 (all Jehovist Source), 1 Samuel 1:19; Judges 19:25. Woman subject Genesis 19:8 (Jehovist Source), Numbers 31:17, 18, 35 (all Priests' Code), Judges 11:39; יֹדַ֫עַת מִשְׁכַּב זָכָר Judges 21:11.

4. Skill and Ability

• a. know how to do a thing, be able to do it Amos 3:10; Jeremiah 1:6; 1 Kings 3:7; Isaiah 50:4; Ecclesiastes 10:15; Isaiah 7:15, 16.
• b. be skilful in Genesis 25:27 (Jehovist Source) skilled in hunting; יֹדֵעַ סֵפֶר learned Isaiah 29:11; יוֺדְעֵי נֶ֑הִי professional mourners Amos 5:16; יֹדְעֵי הַיָּם skilled in the sea 1 Kings 9:27; יֹדֵעַ נַגֵּן skilled in playing 1 Samuel 16:18.

5. Absolute uses

have knowledge, be wise Ecclesiastes 9:11 (+ חֲכָמִים, נְבֹנִים); have knowledge of God and duty Isaiah 1:3 (+ בין). Often with accusative of cognate meaning: דַּעַת Proverbs 17:27; בִּינָה Isaiah 29:24; חָכְמָה Proverbs 24:14; Ecclesiastes 8:16.

Niph`al

1. be made known, be or become known, of things Genesis 41:31; Exodus 2:14 (both Elohist Source); Leviticus 4:14 (Priests' Code); Judges 16:9; Psalm 76:2; = be revealed, discovered 1 Samuel 22:6; Jeremiah 28:9; Proverbs 10:9.

2. make oneself known, of persons Ruth 3:3; usually of Yahweh Exodus 6:3 (Priests' Code), Isaiah 19:21; Ezekiel 20:5.

3. be perceived (passive of Qal) Genesis 41:21 (Elohist Source), Psalm 74:5.

4. be instructed (passive of Hiph`il) Jeremiah 31:19, through chastisement.

Pi`el / Po. / Pu`al

Pi`el: cause to know Job 38:12; Psalm 104:19 (according to some versions).

Po.: יוֺדַעְתִּי 1 Samuel 21:3 I have directed.

Pu`al: מְיֻדָּעִי acquaintance Psalm 55:14; 2 Kings 10:11; Job 19:14; Psalm 88:9.

Hiph`il

make known, declare Numbers 16:5 (Priests' Code); Ezekiel 39:7; Psalm 89:2; Psalm 98:2; teach Job 32:7; Psalm 90:12; with לְ person Exodus 18:20; Deuteronomy 4:9; Psalm 103:7; make one know Exodus 33:12; 1 Samuel 28:15; Psalm 25:4 (+ לַמְּדֵנִי); Psalm 32:5 (+ עֲוֺנִי לֹא־כִסִּיתִי); answer Job 38:2; Job 42:4; teach to discriminate Ezekiel 22:26.

Hoph`al / Hitph.

Hoph`al: made known Leviticus 4:23, 28 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 12:5.

Hitph.: make oneself known to Numbers 12:6 (Elohist Source), of Yahweh; Genesis 45:1 (Elohist Source), of Joseph.

Aramaic

I. יְדַע verb know (Biblical Hebrew יָדַע).

1. Pe`al know
   • absolute Daniel 5:23
   • with accusative of thing Daniel 2:30; Daniel 5:22
   • יָָֽדְעֵי בִינָה Daniel 2:21
   • with object clause Daniel 2:8; Daniel 4:14; Daniel 6:11; Ezra 4:15
2. Haph`el cause to know, inform
   • with ל person Ezra 4:14; Daniel 2:15
   • with suffix person Daniel 2:5; Daniel 4:15; Daniel 7:16
   • of God making known Daniel 2:23, 28, 45

¹ Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT), Glossary.

² D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG), 1875, 612.

Verb Qal participle active masculine singular absolute

LXX: ἔγνω γνώσονται ἔγνωσαν ἔγνων οἶδα

LXX Usage Statistics

H3045:

ἔγνω 57× (5.6%)

γνώσονται 51× (4.5%)

ἔγνωσαν 37× (3.7%)

ἔγνων 37× (3.7%)

οἶδα 30× (3.1%)

γνώσῃ 27× (2.4%)

γνώσεσθε 26× (2.4%)

οἶδεν 25× (2.6%)

γνῶναι 24× (2.2%)

ἔγνωσ 21× (2.1%)

אני אָנִי

myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אני

ʼănîy

Definition

I

Root

contracted from H595 (אנכי);

Exhaustive

lemma אני second vowel, corrected to אני; contracted from אנכי; I; I, (as for) me, mine, myself, we, [idiom] which, [idiom] who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H589

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲנִי

pronoun personal • Root אנ • Strongs_Numbers • Page 162

I; the personal pronoun of the first person singular, common gender.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲנִי

pronoun • Page 61

I. Also written אָנֹכִי. The form אֲנִי also occurs in the phrase חַי אָנִי (see חַי).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H589

I. אֲנִי, אָנִי pronoun 1 singular, common — I.

Cognates:

• Syriac ܐܢܐ
• Aramaic אֲנָא
• Arabic أنا
• 

— אֲנִי Genesis 6:17; Genesis 9:9, Genesis 9:12 + often.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Following a participle as its subject (to express mostly either a true present or the futurum instans [immanent future])

• Genesis 18:17 הַמְכַסֶּה אֲנִי Am I hiding from Abraham that which, etc.
• Judges 15:3
• 1 Samuel 3:13
• Jeremiah 1:12
• Jeremiah 38:14
• Jeremiah 44:29 (see S. R. Driver¹ §135,4)

b. Appended to a verb, it expresses, in early Hebrew, a real emphasis

• Judges 8:23 לֹא אֶמְשֹׁל אֲנִי בָּכֶם I will not rule over you
• 2 Samuel 12:28 lest I take the city
• 2 Samuel 17:15 thus and thus did Ahitophel counsel, and thus and thus יָעַצְתִּי אָנִי did I counsel

c. In later Hebrew it is sometimes pleonastic

• Ecclesiastes 2:11
• Ecclesiastes 2:15
• Ecclesiastes 2:18
• Ecclesiastes 2:20 +

d. In response to a question, alone = I am, It is I

• Genesis 27:24
• Judges 13:11
• 1 Kings 18:8 +

e. With הֲ הַאֲנִי

• Isaiah 66:9

(Synonym אָנֹכִי, quod vide [which see].)

¹ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew and Some Other Syntactical Questions, 3rd ed., Oxford, 1892.

Pronoun personal first person both singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0589:

No stats available

כי כִּי

for

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3588

I. כִּי conjunction — that, for, when.

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician כ
• Aramaic דֵּךְ this¹
• Latin nam

1. That

a. Prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb

Occupying the place of an accusative; after verbs of seeing, knowing, telling, etc.:

• Genesis 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֹב (God saw that it was good)
• Genesis 3:6, Genesis 6:2, Genesis 6:5, Genesis 12:14
• Genesis 14:14, Genesis 22:12 (knowing)
• Genesis 12:18, Genesis 6:6–7 (repenting)
• Genesis 22:16 (swearing)
• Job 36:10, 24 (commanding)
• Psalm 41:12 (after a pronoun)

b. Introducing direct narration

Like the Greek ὅτι recitativum:

• Genesis 21:30
• Genesis 29:33 and she said, כִּי שָׁמַע יְהוָה Yahweh hath heard, etc.
• Exodus 3:12
• Joshua 2:24
• 1 Samuel 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלֶךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ

c. Especially after an oath

Introducing the fact sworn to:

• Genesis 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם
• Numbers 14:22
• 1 Samuel 20:3 as יְהוָה liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת
• 1 Samuel 14:44 כֹּה יַעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֹסִיף כִּי מוֹת תָּמוּת

d. With adverbs and interjections

• אַף כִּי (see אַף)
• הֲכִי is it that...? 2 Samuel 9:1, Genesis 29:15
• אִם לֹא כִּי Deuteronomy 32:30 were it not that...
• כִּי עַתָּה (apodosis) Genesis 31:42, Genesis 43:10

e. Intensive force

Introducing a statement with emphasis: yea, surely, certainly:

• Exodus 18:11
• 1 Samuel 17:25
• Isaiah 32:13
• Lamentations 3:22 (the mercies of יְהוָה, surely they are not consumed)

f. That, expressing consecution

Especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation:

• Genesis 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me?
• Exodus 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go?
• Psalm 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ?
• Genesis 40:15 (after a negative)

2. Of time

a. When

• Of the past: Genesis 6:1, Genesis 26:8, 2 Samuel 6:13
• Of the present: Exodus 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter
• Of the future: Genesis 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶת הָאֲדָמָה, Exodus 7:9

b. Approximating to "if"

Representing a case likely to occur (mostly with imperfect):

• Genesis 38:16
• Often in laws: Exodus 21:14, 21:33; Leviticus 1:2

c. Concessive force (though)

• Jeremiah 49:16 כִּי תַגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest
• Micah 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָמְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise

3. Because, since

a. General causal

• Genesis 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou
• Genesis 18:20
• In answer to a question: Genesis 27:20, Exodus 1:19

b. Following the causal sentence (for)

• Genesis 2:3 כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת because on it he rested
• Psalm 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָי for my bones are vexed
• Ironical: 1 Kings 18:27 for he is a god

c. Subtle or explicative causal

Justifying a statement by unfolding particulars:

• Isaiah 3:8, Job 6:21
• 2 Samuel 23:5, Isaiah 5:7

d. After a negative (but / sondern)

• Genesis 17:15 not Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ but Sarah shall be her name
• Exodus 16:8 not against us... כִּי עַל יְהוָה but against Yahweh
• לֹא כִּי nay, but: Genesis 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָקְתְּ

4. Combined with Other Particles

a. כִּי אִם (except, but rather, surely)

• Except: Genesis 32:27 כִּי אִם בֵּרַכְתָּנִי except thou bless me
• But rather: Genesis 15:4, Genesis 32:29
• Surely (after oath): 2 Kings 5:20 כִּי אִם רַצְתִּי surely I will run

b. כִּי עַל כֵּן (forasmuch as / for therefore)

• Genesis 18:5 כִּי עַל כֵּן עֲבַרְתֶּם for therefore are ye come
• Numbers 14:43, Judges 6:22

¹ William Wright, Lectures on the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W. SG 110 f.).

² S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (Dr).

³ Ewald's Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

בשלי בְשֶׁלִּי

in regards to myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ש

še

Definition

which

Root

Abbreviated from H834 Derived terms של‎ (shel) של־‎ (shel'-)

Exhaustive

who, which. An abbreviation used as a prefix.אשר

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּ

preposition • Page 84

A preposition with various meanings: 4. by (swearing, Gen. 22:16); 5. through (Num. 12:2); 6. upon (Num. 14:10); 7. to a place or thing (Judg. 6:35); 8. against (Gen. 16:12); 9. concerning (after 'to speak'); 10. out of, from (Gen. 44:5); 11. among; 12. before (Gen. 23:18); 13. for (Deut. 19:21); 14. on account of (Gen. 18:28); 15. after, according to (Gen. 1:26); 16. as (Job 34:36); 17. used with verbs of sense; 18. Beth essentiae (Jehovah is among my helpers, Ps. 118:7); 19. before an infinitive: when, while, after, since (Gen. 2:4).

בּ

prefix • Page 83

A prefix preposition with various meanings: 1. In or into a place/subject. 2. With, denoting an instrument, aid, or concomitance. 3. On, at, or near.

שֶׁ

relative pronoun • Root אשר • Page 646

more rarely שַׁ. (1) who, which, what. (Ecc. 1: 11. Cant. 1: 7. 3: 1, 2, 3). (3) —כְּשֶׁ i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר as. (Ecc. 5: 14). Found only in later Hebrew and poetic style.

שׁ

letter • Page 646

The 21st letter of the alphabet, and as a numerical sign denoting 300. The name שֵׁן i. q. שֶׁן a tooth, is derived from the pronged form of the letter.

Preposition, Particle relative, Preposition Suffix pronominal first person both singular

הסער הַסַּעַר

the Hurricane

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

סער

çaʻar

Definition

a hurricane

Root

or (feminine) סערה; from H5590 (סער);

Exhaustive

or (feminine) סערה; from סער; a hurricane; storm(-y), tempest, whirlwind.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5591

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

סַעַר

noun masculine • Root סער • Strongs / High • Page 1029

thrust, hence a storm, procella.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

סַעַר

m. verbal • Root סער • Page 479

a storm, tempest. Jon. 1: 4, 12; Jer. 23: 19.

סְעָרָה

f. verbal • Root סער • Page 479

storm, tempest. Is. 29: 6; Ps. 107: 25; Ezek. 1: 3.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5591

I. סַ֫עַר^{Jeremiah 23:19} noun masculine — tempest.

— סַ֫עַר absolute Amos 1:14 (5 times); סָ֑עַר Psalm 55:9; plural suffix סַעֲרֶיךָ Psalm 83:16.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Figurative

• of passionate acts of men, מֵרוּחַ סֹעָה מִסָּ֑עַר Psalm 55:9 (מִסַּ֫עַר here awkward, without ו)
• of יְהוָה’s wrath Jeremiah 23:19 (סַ֫עַר מִתְחוֺלֵל), compare Jeremiah 25:32; Jeremiah 30:23

b. As instrument of wrath

• as instrument of יְהוָה’s wrath, Psalm 83:16 (+ סוּפָה)
• see also בְּסַעַר בְּיוֺם סוּפָה Amos 1:14 and Joel 1:4, 12

סְעָרָה noun feminine — tempest, storm-wind.

— סְעָרָה absolute Isaiah 29:6 + (so also 2 Kings 2:1, 11 Ginsb¹; Baer² בַּסֳּעָרָה); construct סַעֲרַת Jeremiah 23:19; Jeremiah 30:23; plural סְעָרוֺת Ezekiel 13:11, 13; construct סַעֲרוֺת Zechariah 9:14.

1. Divine Manifestations and Judgment

a. As instrument of God's wrath

• Isaiah 29:6 (+ סוּפָה), compare Isaiah 40:24; Isaiah 41:16
• also רוּחַ סְעָרוֺת Ezekiel 13:11, 13 (against nation under figure of wall)
• סַעֲרַת יְהוָה as figurative of wrath Jeremiah 23:19; Jeremiah 30:23

b. Theophany and Translation

• storm-wind of Elijah's translation 2 Kings 2:1, 11
• of theophany Ezekiel 1:4 (רוּחַ סְעָרָה), Job 38:1; Job 40:6
• סַעֲרוֺת תֵּימָן Zechariah 9:14

c. Ordinary tempests (late Psalms)

• רוּחַ סְעָרָה Psalm 107:25; Psalm 148:8
• opposed to דְּמָמָה Psalm 107:29

I, II, III. סַף see ספף.

Root: ספא (compare):

• Late Hebrew סָפָא, ספי give to eat
• Targum סְפִי id.
• Palmyrene ספא feed, nourish (Lzb³, Cook⁴)

II. שַׂ֫עַר noun [masculine] — storm (= סַ֫עַר).

• only construct שַׂ֫עַר קָ֑טֶב Isaiah 28:2 a storm of destruction (in simile; parallel זֶרֶם בָּרָד)

שְׂעָרָה noun feminine — storm (= סְעָרָה).

• of way of יְהוָה, בְּסוּפָה וּבִשְׂעָרָה Nahum 1:3
• figurative of יְהוָה’s judgments: אֲשֶׁר־בִּשְׂעָרָה יְשׁוּפֵנִי Job 9:17

¹ Ginsburg, Christian David, The Old Testament, diligently revised according to the Massorah and the early printed editions (1894).

² Baer, Seligmann, and Delitzsch, Franz, Textum Massoreticum (1869–1895).

³ Lidzbarski, Mark, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (1898).

⁴ Cook, Stanley A., A Glossary of the Aramaic Inscriptions (1898).

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: καταιγίδοσ καταιγὶσ ἐξαῖρον ὀργὴ κλύδων

LXX Usage Statistics

H5591a:

καταιγίδοσ 3× (11.7%)

καταιγὶσ 3× (11.7%)

ἐξαῖρον 2× (8.6%)

ὀργὴ 2× (8.6%)

κλύδων 2× (8.0%)

συσσεισμῷ 2× (7.3%)

καταιγίδι 2× (6.7%)

הגדול הַגָּדוֹל

the Mega One

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

גדול

gâdôwl

Definition

great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent

Root

or גדל; (shortened) from H1431 (גדל);

Exhaustive

or גדל; (shortened) from גדל; great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent; [phrase] aloud, elder(-est), [phrase] exceeding(-ly), [phrase] far, (man of) great (man, matter, thing,-er,-ness), high, long, loud, mighty, more, much, noble, proud thing, [idiom] sore, ([idiom]) very.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1419

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גָּדוֹל

adjective • Consonantal / Medium • Page 304

Great (opposite of קָטָן). Can refer to size, extent, number, multitude, importance, weight, violence, or power. Applied to emotions like fear, joy, and sorrow. With reference to age, it means older or oldest. With reference to might, it means distinguished, noble, powerful, rich, influential. Used in titles like 'the great king' or 'the high-priest'.

Matched via consonantal key only

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1419

I. גָּדוֹל (approximate number of occurrences: 522) adjective — great.

— גָּדוֹל Genesis 4:13 (279 times); גָּדֹל Deuteronomy 26:8 (22 times); construct גְּדוֺל Ezekiel 17:3, 7; Jeremiah 32:19, גְּדָלֿ Proverbs 19:19, גְּדָו֯לֿ Psalm 145:8; Nahum 1:3; suffix גְּדוֺלָם Jeremiah 6:13 (2 times); plural גְּדוֺלִים Exodus 7:4 (11 times), גְּדֹלִים Genesis 12:17 (22 times); construct גְּדֹלֵי 2 Kings 10:6; suffix גְּדֹלָיו 2 Kings 10:11; Jonah 3:7; גְּדוֺלֶיהָ Nahum 3:10; feminine גְּדוֺלָה Numbers 22:18 (96 times); גְּדֹלָה Genesis 15:12 (31 times); plural גְּדוֺלֹת Nehemiah 9:26; Nehemiah 12:31, גְּדֹלוֺת Deuteronomy 27:2 (30 times), גְּדֹלֹת Numbers 13:28 (7 times).

1. In magnitude and extent

• sea Numbers 34:6
• river Genesis 15:18
• wilderness Deuteronomy 1:19
• rain 1 Kings 18:45
• mountain Zechariah 4:7
• city Genesis 10:12
• house Jeremiah 52:13
• altar Joshua 22:10
• throne 2 Chronicles 9:17
• sea-monsters Genesis 1:21
• fish Jonah 2:1
• eagle Ezekiel 17:3
• terebinth 2 Samuel 18:9
• substance Genesis 15:14
• wealth Daniel 11:2
• victory 1 Samuel 19:5
• 1 Samuel 19:22 בּוֺר הַגָּדוֺל read בּ׳ הַגֹּרֶן according to Septuagint¹, Wellhausen², and Driver³.

2. In number

• nation Genesis 12:2
• congregation Jeremiah 31:8
• camp 1 Chronicles 12:22
• army Ezekiel 17:17
• sacrifice 2 Kings 10:19
• slaughter Deuteronomy 28:59; 1 Samuel 4:17

3. In intensity

• fear Deuteronomy 4:34
• weeping Isaiah 38:3
• power (+ כּחַ) Exodus 32:11
• joy Jonah 4:6
• anger Deuteronomy 29:23
• indignation Jeremiah 21:5
• sin Genesis 20:9
• iniquity Genesis 4:13
• evil Genesis 39:9
• trespass Ezekiel 9:7

4. In sound, loud

• voice Genesis 39:14
• cry Exodus 11:6
• shout Joshua 6:5

5. In age, elder, eldest

• son Genesis 27:1
• daughter Genesis 29:16
• brother Genesis 10:21
• sister Ezekiel 16:46

6. In importance

a. Of things

• (הַ)דָּבָר (הַ)גָּדֹל an important thing or affair Exodus 18:22; Deuteronomy 4:32; 1 Samuel 12:16; 2 Kings 5:12; 2 Kings 8:13
• יום יהוה Jeremiah 30:7; Hosea 2:2; Joel 2:11; Joel 3:4; Zephaniah 1:14; Malachi 3:23

b. Of men, great, distinguished

• Moses Exodus 11:3, David 2 Samuel 5:10, Job Job 1:3, Mordecai Esther 9:4
• kings Ecclesiastes 9:14; Jeremiah 27:7
• especially of king of Assyria הַמֶּלֶךְ הַגָּדוֺל 2 Kings 18:19, 28 = Isaiah 36:4, 18, = Assyrian šarru rabbu, šarru dannu (compare KB⁴ i. 94, 1. 1)
• הַכֹּהֵן הַגָּדוֺל the high priest Leviticus 21:10 (20 times)
• (הָ)אִישׁ גָּדוֺל 1 Samuel 25:2; 2 Samuel 19:33; 2 Kings 5:1
• אִשָּׁה גְדוֺלָה 2 Kings 4:8
• גָּדוֺל a great man 2 Samuel 3:38; Micah 7:3
• לֹא תֶהְדַּר מְּנֵי גָדוֺל thou shalt not honour the person of a great man (opposed to דָּל) Leviticus 19:15 (Holiness Code)
• (הַ)גְּדוֺלִים the great 2 Samuel 7:9 = 1 Chronicles 17:8; Nehemiah 11:14; Proverbs 18:16; Proverbs 25:6; Jeremiah 5:5
• 2 Kings 10:11 (Septuagint Lucian⁵ ἀγχιστεύοντας, Klostermann⁶ גֹּאֲלָיו)
• גְּדֹלֵי הָעִיר 2 Kings 10:6; (כָּלֿ)גְּדֹלָיו 2 Kings 10:11; Jonah 3:7; כָּלֿ גְּדוֺלֶיהָ Nahum 3:10

c. Of God, himself

• 2 Chronicles 2:4; Nehemiah 4:8; Nehemiah 8:6; Psalm 86:10; Psalm 99:2; Psalm 135:5; Psalm 147:5; Isaiah 12:6; Jeremiah 10:6
• (הָ)אֵל (הַ)גָּדוֺל Deuteronomy 7:21; Deuteronomy 10:17; Nehemiah 1:5; Nehemiah 9:32; Psalm 77:14; Psalm 95:3; Jeremiah 32:18; Daniel 9:4
• גדול מכל האלהים Exodus 18:11
• גדול ומהלל מאד 1 Chronicles 16:25; Psalm 48:2; Psalm 96:4; Psalm 145:3
• מלך גדול Psalm 47:3; Psalm 95:3; Malachi 1:14
• his works Deuteronomy 11:7; Judges 2:7; Psalm 111:2; glory Psalm 21:6; Psalm 138:5; name Joshua 7:9; 1 Samuel 12:22; 1 Kings 8:42; 2 Chronicles 6:32; Psalm 76:2; Psalm 99:3; Jeremiah 10:6; Jeremiah 44:26; Ezekiel 36:23; Malachi 1:11
• mercy 1 Kings 3:6; 2 Chronicles 1:8; Psalm 57:11; Psalm 86:13; Psalm 108:5; goodness Nehemiah 9:25; compassion Isaiah 54:7

7. In phrases

• עוֺד הַיּוֺם גָּדוֺל it is yet high day (French grand jour, German hoch am Tage) Genesis 29:7
• כַּקָּטֹן כַּגָּדֹל (or reverse) as well small as great Deuteronomy 1:17; 1 Chronicles 25:8; 1 Chronicles 26:13; 2 Chronicles 31:15
• (לְ)מִקָּטֹן וְעַד גָּדוֺל (or reverse) from small to great Genesis 19:11; 1 Samuel 5:9; 1 Samuel 30:2, 19; 2 Kings 23:2; 2 Kings 25:26; 2 Chronicles 15:13; 34:30; Esther 1:5, 20; Jeremiah 6:13; Jeremiah 8:10; Jeremiah 31:34; Jeremiah 42:1, 8; Jeremiah 44:12; Jonah 3:5

8. In construct phrases

• גְּדֹל (הַ)כְּנָפַיִם great of wings Ezekiel 17:3, 7
• of anger Proverbs 19:19
• usually of God, in power Nahum 1:3, counsel Jeremiah 32:19, mercy Psalm 145:8

9. As substantive concrete

• עשׂה גדלות do great things, of God's great acts of redemption and judgement Deuteronomy 10:21; Job 5:9; Job 9:10; Job 37:5; Psalm 71:19; Psalm 106:21
• of the miracles of Elisha 2 Kings 8:4
• of things too great and so presumptuous, haughty תבקשׁ ג׳ Jeremiah 45:5; מדברת ג׳ Psalm 12:4; לא הלכתי בג׳ Psalm 131:1
• compare Biblical Aramaic Daniel 7:8, 11, 20; also Revelation 13:5

10. As substantive neuter

• greatness of arm Exodus 15:16

¹ Septuagint (ᵐ5).

² Julius Wellhausen (We).

³ S. R. Driver (Dr).

⁴ Eberhard Schrader, Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek (KB).

⁵ Lucianic Recension of the Septuagint (ᵐ5ᴸ).

⁶ August Klostermann (Klo).

Particle definite article, Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: μέγασ μέγα μεγάλην μεγάλη μεγάλῃ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1419a:

μέγασ 64× (12.4%)

μέγα 56× (10.9%)

μεγάλην 54× (10.6%)

μεγάλη 49× (9.6%)

μεγάλῃ 41× (8.2%)

μέγαν 36× (6.5%)

μεγάλου 30× (5.7%)

μεγάλα 26× (5.1%)

--- 19× (3.9%)

'' 18× (3.1%)

הזה הַזֶּה

this one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

זה

zeh

Definition

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

Root

a primitive word;

Exhaustive

a primitive word; the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that; he, [idiom] hence, [idiom] here, it(-self), [idiom] now, [idiom] of him, the one...the other, [idiom] than the other, ([idiom] out of) the (self) same, such (a one) that, these, this (hath, man), on this side...on that side, [idiom] thus, very, which. Compare זאת, זה, זו, זו.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2088

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זֶה

demonstrative pronoun / relative pronoun / particle • Root ז • Strongs / High • Page 425

A multi-purpose word. I. As a demonstrative pronoun: this, referring to what is present. II. As a relative pronoun: who, that, which. III. As a demonstrative particle appended to interrogatives for emphasis, or to denote manner ('how'), location ('here', 'there'), or time ('now', 'just now').

זֶה

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 425

A collateral form of שֶׂה (lamb or sheep), found only in 1 Samuel 17:34.

זֶה

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 427

A demonstrative pronoun ('this') or relative pronoun ('that which'), used without distinction of gender or number. It can refer to masculine, feminine, or neuter antecedents.

זֶה

pronominal stem • Strongs / High • Page 431

(pronominal stem; not used) pron. demonstr. same as זֶה, forming with a prosthetic the time-particle אָז, which form also exists in the Aramaean אֱדַיִן.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הֹזֶה

verb • Page 184

To dream, to speak in one’s sleep (Is. 56:10).

זֶה

pronoun • Page 197

1. this. When doubled, one...the other, 1 K. 22:20, Is. 6:3. Sometimes implies contempt, like the Greek οὗτος, Ex. 32:1. 2. more rarely in poetry as a relative, who, like the Germ. der. Ps. 104:8. 3. here, for בָּזֶה in hoc scil. loco. Gen. 28:17. Hence מִזֶּה, hence, 37:17.

Particle definite article, Particle demonstrative

LXX: τοῦτο τοῦτον οὗτοσ τούτου τούτῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2088:

τοῦτο 223× (14.4%)

τοῦτον 126× (8.3%)

οὗτοσ 96× (6.2%)

τούτου 95× (6.1%)

τούτῳ 74× (4.9%)

'' 63× (3.5%)

ταύτησ 56× (3.6%)

ταύτῃ 52× (3.2%)

'' 39× (2.2%)

αὕτη 39× (2.6%)

עליכם עֲלֵיכֶם׃

upon yourselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

כם

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9036

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

RBT Translation:

and he is saying toward themselves lift up myself and hurl myself a god/dont/toward the Sea and he is being silent the Sea from upon yourselves for he who sees/known myself for in regards to myself the Hurricane the Mega One this one upon yourselves

RBT Paraphrase:

Hurl the Small Stone

And he is saying toward themselves, "Lift up myself, and hurl myself toward the Sea, and he is being silent, the Sea, from against yourselves! For myself is he who perceives that it is in regards to myself the Mega Hurricane, this one, is against yourselves!"⁵

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And he will say to them, Lift me up and cast me down to the sea, and the sea will subside from you: For I shall know on my account this great storm is upon you.

LITV Translation:
And he said to them, Take me up and throw me out into the sea. And the sea will be calm from on you. For I know that this great storm is on you on account of me.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And Jonah said to them, Take me up, and cast me into the sea, and the sea shall be calm to you: for I know that for my sake this great tempest is upon you.

Footnotes

Jon. 1:12

Jon. 1:12

The word בשלי (beshali) is a combination of two parts:

1. ב- (b-) is the preposition meaning "for" or "in."
2. שלי (sheli) is the possessive form of the pronoun "של" (shel), meaning "mine" or "belonging to me."

Together, בשלי (beshali) translates as "for my sake" or "for me," expressing something done for the benefit or purpose of the speaker. The form בשלי is used to convey ownership or personal benefit in a particular context.