Jonah 1:11

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויאמרו וַיֹּאמְרוּ

and they are speaking

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אמר

ʼâmar

Definition

to say (used with great latitude)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude); answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H559

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 155

1. (not used) to stand prominently upwards, to project upwards, hence to be elevated. 2. to say, to speak, to command; to press out sounds from within.

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to say, speak

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 58

1. to say (dico). Differs from דבר (to speak) in that אָמַר is almost uniformly followed by the words spoken (Lev. 1:2; Gen. 44:16). 2. to think. (Speaking and thinking).

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 59

To command (Est 1:17, 1 Chr 21:17); to praise (Ps 40:11). Niph.: to be said, to be called holy (Is 4:3). Hiph.: to declare solemnly, to promise (Deut 26:17, 18). Hithpa.: to boast one's self (Ps 94:4), or to exercise dominion.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H559

I. אָמַר (5287) verb utter, say (Egyptian mr command; Phoenician אמר; Aramaic אֲמַר; Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare; Arabic أمر command; perhaps √ אמר originally = be or make prominent, hence Hithpael below, אָמִיר; Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king idem Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37; compare Dl Pr 28 who thinks original meaning hell, sichtbar sein, whence Assyrian amāru, see, & shew, declare, say).

Cognates:

• Egyptian mr command
• Phoenician אמר
• Aramaic אֲמַר
• Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare
• Arabic أمر command
• Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king
• Assyrian amāru see, & shew, declare, say

Qal

Perfect 3 masculine singular אָמַר Genesis 3:1 +; Imperfect יֹאמַר Genesis 31:8 +; וַיֹּאמֶר Genesis 1:3 +; וַיֹּאמַר Genesis 14:19 +; in Job always וַיֹּאמַר Job 3:2 +; 3 feminine singular תֹּאמַר Genesis 21:12 +; תֹּאמַר Proverbs 1:21; 1 singular אֹמַר Genesis 22:2 +; אוֹמְרָה Psalm 42:10; וָאֹמַר Genesis 20:13 +; וָאוֹמַר Nehemiah 2:7,17,20; 3 masculine plural יֹאמְרוּ Exodus 4:1 + etc.; suffix יֹמְרוּךָ Psalm 139:20; 2 masculine plural תֹּמְרוּ 2 Samuel 19:14 (compare Kö i. p. 385); Imperative אֱמֹר Genesis 45:17 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָמוֹר Exodus 21:5 +; construct אֱמֹר Ezekiel 25:8 +; הָאֱמֹר Job 34:18 but read הָאֹמַר idem Di, or better הֵאָמֹר Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative compare Ew § 328 d; suffix אָמְרִי Joshua 6:10 +; אֲמָרְכֶם Jeremiah 23:38; אֱמָרְכֶם Malachi 1:7 +; לֵאמֹר Genesis 1:22 +, etc.; Participle active אֹמֵר Genesis 32:10 +, etc.; passive הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7, but this grammatically indefensible, read הֵאָמֹר, Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative, see Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

Say (subject God Genesis 3:1 Genesis 32:5, serpent Genesis 3:1, ass Numbers 22:28, horse יֹאמַר הָאָח Job 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personified Job 28:14 compare Job 28:22 etc.; so in allegory or fable Judges 9:8; 2 Kings 14:9 etc.; especially in narration, וַיֹּאמֶר etc., Genesis 4:6 + very often): mostly followed by thing said, either substantive Jeremiah 14:17 (with clause app.) Deuteronomy 27:16 f.; Judges 12:6; pronoun Genesis 44:16; 2 Kings 20:14 +; or (usually) clause Genesis 1:3; Genesis 3:1; Genesis 37:20 + often (oratio recta [direct speech]); with adverb thus, so Genesis 32:5; Numbers 20:14; 1 Kings 20:3,5 + often; especially כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה Exodus 5:1; Exodus 7:17; Exodus 8:1; Exodus 8:20; 1 Chronicles 17:4 + often; the person addressed usually introduced by אֵל Genesis 3:1; Genesis 15:7; Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; 2 Samuel 3:7; 1 Kings 12:5,23, or לְ Genesis 3:13; Genesis 4:15; 1 Samuel 20:2; 2 Samuel 2:21; 1 Kings 14:2 + often; rarer combinations are, בְּאָזְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Isaiah 49:20 (compare Isaiah 5:9 & see דָּבַר); לִפְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Ezekiel 28:9; לְעֵינֵי כֹה אָמַר Deuteronomy 31:7; Joshua 10:12; Jeremiah 28:11; בְּ כֹה אָמַר Joel 2:17; Psalm 126:2, where בְּ local; in all cases usually followed by direct object of words said, Exodus 19:25 being very singular; Genesis 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, compare Vrss Di; = mention, name, designate Genesis 22:2,3; Genesis 43:27,29; Exodus 32:13; Numbers 14:40; 1 Samuel 10:16; 1 Samuel 16:3; 2 Samuel 6:22; Nehemiah 6:19; compare Psalm 139:20 יֹמְרוּךָ לִמְזִמָּה speak of thee for falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che, read יַמְרוּךָ); = tell, declare, proclaim, (followed by direct object only) Psalm 40:11; Ezekiel 13:7; in reply to question = answer Exodus 12:27; Joshua 4:7; 1 Kings 9:9; Jeremiah 5:19; Jeremiah 22:9. The object spoken of may be referred to by אֵל 2 Kings 19:32; Jeremiah 22:18; Jeremiah 27:19, or לְ Genesis 20:13 אִמְרִי לִי say of me, etc. Deuteronomy 33:9; Judges 9:54; Isaiah 5:20; Psalm 3:3; Psalm 71:10, very rarely by a simple accusative Isaiah 3:10 (where read probably for אִמְרוּ, אַשְׁרֵי), except after אֲשֶׁר where the words used follow (compare אֲשֶׁר 4d) Genesis 3:17; Numbers 10:29; Numbers 14:31; Deuteronomy 28:68; Judges 7:4; 1 Samuel 9:17,23b 1 Kings 8:29; Lamentations 4:20; compare Numbers 21:16; 2 Kings 17:12; 2 Kings 21:4, & (two extreme cases) Isaiah 8:12; Lamentations 2:15 (see Dr Sm i. 24, 5); הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7 read infinitive absolute with ה interrogative הֵאָמֹר (see above) shall one say? shall it be said? After another verb of saying, introducing thing said: Deuteronomy 21:7; Deuteronomy 25:9; Deuteronomy 27:15; Song of Solomon 2:10 +, even after אָמַר Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; Jeremiah 34:2; Esther 7:5 +; especially infinitive לֵאמֹר, after דָּבַר Genesis 8:15, צָוָה Genesis 2:16, עָנָה Genesis 44:16, בָּרַךְ Genesis 1:22, נָשַׁבַע Genesis 24:7, נָּדַר Genesis 28:20, etc.; after אָמַר 2 Samuel 3:18; 1 Kings 12:23; Ruth 4:4; 1 Chronicles 21:18 +; after שָׁלַח 2 Chronicles 35:21, שׁוּב Genesis 32:7; compare also Genesis 28:6; Exodus 5:13; Exodus 9:5; Exodus 13:8; Exodus 17:4; Numbers 11:20; Deuteronomy 1:28; Deuteronomy 13:7; Judges 8:15; 1 Samuel 23:2; 1 Kings 13:3; Jeremiah 32:3; Jeremiah 37:9 +; also when subject of לֵאמֹר differs from that of preceding clause Genesis 31:1; Genesis 38:13,24 etc.; after שָׁמַע Isaiah 37:9 = 2 Kings 19:9.

1. Say in the heart (= think)

• בְּלֵב כֹּה אָמַר Deuteronomy 8:17 compare 1 Kings 12:26; Psalm 10:6; Psalm 10:11; Psalm 10:13; Psalm 14:1; Psalm 35:25; Isaiah 14:13; Isaiah 47:8,10; Isaiah 49:21; Ecclesiastes 2:1,15; Ecclesiastes 3:17,18; לִלְבָבוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Hosea 7:2; אֵל לִבּוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Genesis 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subject כֹּה יְהוָה, compare 1 Samuel 27:1; אָמְרָה נַפְשִׁי Lamentations 3:24; thence כֹּה אָמַר alone Genesis 20:11; Genesis 26:9; Numbers 24:11; Ruth 4:4; 1 Samuel 20:26; 2 Samuel 5:6; 2 Kings 5:11; followed by clause with כִּי Judges 15:2; in particular = desire מַה תֹּאמַר נַפְשֶׁךָ 1 Samuel 20:4 compare Esther 2:13; followed by infinitive = purpose, Exodus 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian? Joshua 22:33; 1 Samuel 30:6; 1 Kings 5:19; 2 Chronicles 28:10,13; expect 2 Samuel 21:16 he expected to slay David 2 Chronicles 13:8; 2 Chronicles 32:1.

2. Promise

• (followed by infinitive) 1 Chronicles 27:23; 2 Chronicles 21:7; Esther 4:7; (idem + לְ of person) 2 Kings 8:19; Nehemiah 9:15; (followed by accusative of direct object + לְ of person + infinitive of purpose) Nehemiah 9:23.

3. Command

• (especially late) followed by אֵל of person addressed, Numbers 15:38; 1 Chronicles 21:18; followed by לְ Joshua 11:9; 2 Samuel 16:11; 2 Kings 4:24; Job 9:7; Psalm 106:34 (see below אֲשֶׁר 8e); followed by infinitive 1 Samuel 24:11; 1 Chronicles 21:17; 2 Chronicles 1:18; 2 Chronicles 29:27,30; 2 Chronicles 31:11; Esther 1:17; Esther 4:13,15; Esther 6:1; followed by infinitive + לְ of pers, 2 Chronicles 14:3; 2 Chronicles 29:21; 2 Chronicles 31:4; Esther 1:10; followed by accusative direct object 2 Chronicles 29:24 the king commanded the burnt-offering and the sin-offering, compare 1 Kings 5:20; Esther 2:15; followed by clause with אֲשֶׁר = that Nehemiah 13:19; idem + לְ of person Nehemiah 13:22; followed by clause with כִּי Job 36:10; absolute 1 Samuel 16:16 (read however probably יֹאמְרוּ for יֹאמַר, compare Dr); also Psalm 105:31; Psalm 105:34; Psalm 107:25; 1 Chronicles 14:12; 2 Chronicles 24:8; Nehemiah 13:9,19 (all followed by verb consecutive); command by letter עִם הַסֵּפֶר כֹּה אָמַר Esther 9:25 (followed by imperfect); appoint, assign לוֹ לְלֶחֶם כֹּה אָמַר 1 Kings 11:18 = threaten followed by infinitive Deuteronomy 9:25; Psalm 106:23.

Niphal

Perfect נֶאֱמַר Daniel 8:26; Imperfect יֵאָמֵר Genesis 22:14 +; יֵאָמַר לוֹ Isaiah 4:3; יֵאָמַר Genesis 10:9 +; וַיֵּאָמַר Joshua 2:2; be said, told Genesis 10:9; Genesis 22:14; Psalm 87:5; Jeremiah 4:11; Jeremiah 16:14 (all absolute, indefinite subject, of current saying); so said in a book Numbers 21:14; be related, told, of vision Daniel 8:26; said, told to (followed by לְ indirect object) Joshua 2:2; Hosea 2:1 (twice in verse); Zephaniah 3:16; either so, or told concerning Numbers 23:23; Ezekiel 13:12 (אֵל); יֵאָמֵר לָכֶם = ye shall be called (it shall be said to you) Isaiah 61:6 ("" תִּקָּרְאוּ לָכֶם), compare Isaiah 4:3; Isaiah 19:18; Isaiah 32:5 ("" יִקָּרֵא לְ) Isaiah 62:4 (twice in verse); hence be called, of Tophet לֹא יֵאָמֵר עוֹד הַתֹּפֶת Jeremiah 7:32; subject שֵׁם Genesis 32:29; Job 34:31 כִּי אֵל אֵל יֵאָמֵר, Rabb (compare AV) treat יֵאָמֵר as Niph`al Infinitive for לֵאָמֵר, but against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Perfect, אֵל אֵל being prefixed to the interrogative for emphasis (compare Jeremiah 22:15; Jeremiah 23:26; Nehemiah 13:27), see Dr § 9 Di and others; Hoffm., however, reads יֵאָמֵר infinitive absolute = imperative 'so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.'

Hiphil

Perfect הֵאֱמִיר Deuteronomy 26:17 הֵאֱמַרְתָּ הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים; Deuteronomy 26:18 הֵאֱמִיר יְהוָה הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לוֹ לְעַם (literally cause to declare, i.e. through agency of Moses; on this & other interpretations see Di).

Hithpael

Imperfect יִתְאַמֵּר Psalm 94:4 subject כָּל מְעֹלֵל אָוֶן act proudly, boast ("" יַבִּיעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק probably also 2 masculine plural תִּתְאַמֵּרוּ Isaiah 61:6 (in good sense, followed by בְּ of thing gloried in) Ges Comm. so De Che Kö i. 457 f. (from [ יָמַר ] exchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di; but see יָמַר, מוֹר).

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² √ Root or stem.

³ || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

⁴ = Equivalent / equals.

⁵ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ ? Sign of doubt.

⁸ t. times (following a number).

⁹ * Assumed form (not actually found).

¹⁰ ° Additions / glosses.

¹¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37.

¹³ Dl Pr 28.

¹⁴ Ew § 328 d.

¹⁵ Kö i. p. 385.

¹⁶ Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

¹⁷ Dr Sm i. 24, 5.

¹⁸ Vrss Versions.

¹⁹ Di Dillmann.

²⁰ Hup Hupfeld.

²¹ Pe Perowne.

²² Dy Delitzsch.

²³ Che Cheyne.

²⁴ AV Authorized Version.

²⁵ Rabb Rabbinic.

²⁶ Dr § 9.

²⁷ Hoffm Hoffmann.

²⁸ Ges Gesenius.

²⁹ De Delitzsch.

³⁰ Kö König.

³¹ Thes Thesaurus.

³² Hi Hitzig.

³³ Kn Knobel.

³⁴ Ew Ewald.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0559:

No stats available

אליו אֵלָיו

toward himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

near, with or among; often in general, to

Root

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

Exhaustive

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H413

ו

Definition

him, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9033

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H413

אֵל (nearly always followed by maqqeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job (1 Samuel 3:22; 1 Samuel 5:26; 1 Samuel 15:22; 1 Samuel 29:19), with suffix אֱלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֱלֶיךְ, etc. אֱלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 times) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֱלֵימוֹ Psalm 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exodus 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic عربي), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

Cognates:

• Assyrian ilî
• Arabic عربي

1. Motion to or unto a person or place

• Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:22; Genesis 3:19; Genesis 8:9; Genesis 14:22; Genesis 16:9 etc.
• After every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֹא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though לְ is here more common) Genesis 21:14; Genesis 35:4; Deuteronomy 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Deuteronomy 37:36, etc.
• Metaphorical Jeremiah 2:19 וְלֹא פַּחַדְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31:23).
• Peculiarly Genesis 6:16 אֵל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc.
• And metaphor in the phrase אֵל (אֱלֵי) גִּיל unto exultation Hosea 9:11; Job 3:22.
• Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5:5 וְאֵל מִצִּגִּים יִקָּחֶהָ and even out of thorns he taketh it.
• Sometimes pregnant, as Isaiah 66:17; Jeremiah 41:7 זָנָה אֵל commit whoredom (by going) to Numbers 25:1; Ezekiel 16:26, Ezekiel 16:28, Ezekiel 16:29; דָּרַשׁ אֵל seek (by resorting) to Deuteronomy 18:11; Isaiah 8:19; Isaiah 11:10 +; חָבַר אֵל join together (& come) unto Genesis 14:3; הִשְׁכִּימוּ אֵל rise early (and go) to Genesis 19:27; Genesis 24:11 הִבְרִיךְ אֵל made to kneel down at; Genesis 47:18 תַּם אֵל i.e. has been made over to; מָחַד אֵל to come in fear to Hosea 3:5; Micah 7:17.
• Opposite is מִן, as מִן הַקָּצֶה אֵל הַקָּצֶה from end to end Exodus 26:28; מֵה אֵל מֵה Ezra 9:11 (synonym 2 Kings 21:16 מֵה לָפֶה).
• And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֵל עֵת 1 Chronicles 9:25; מִיּוֹם אֵל יוֹם Numbers 30:15 (P) 1 Chronicles 16:23 (in the Psalm 96:2 מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into

• Genesis 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark Genesis 7:1; Genesis 19:3; Genesis 41:21; Genesis 42:17; & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting Genesis 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיכוּ) Genesis 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֵל בֵּית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Exodus 28:30 (Leviticus 8:8) Deuteronomy 23:25; so after קָבַר to bury Genesis 23:19; Genesis 25:9; Genesis 49:29; שָׁחַט to squeeze Genesis 40:11; מָחָה to blot out Numbers 5:23, etc.; metaphor Genesis 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׁם אֵל לֵב, הָשִׁיב to place, bring into ( = lay to ) heart Deuteronomy 4:39; 2 Samuel 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1 Samuel 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֵל הַכְּלִים in among the baggage, Jeremiah 4:3 sow not אֵל קֹצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything

• (a) Of physical acts or states, as Genesis 30:40 נָתַן מִנִּי הַצֹּאן אֵל, Genesis 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֵל, Exodus 25:20; Numbers 6:26, נָשָׂא פָּנָיו אֵל (2 Kings 9:32 differently), 2 Kings 24:1 שָׁת מִנִּיו אֵל, Joshua 8:18; Psalm 28:2; 1 Kings 8:29, 1 Kings 8:30 (to pray towards) 1 Kings 8:38; pregnantly חָרַד אֵל to tremble (turning) to Genesis 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֵל to wonder (turning) towards Genesis 43:33; Isaiah 13:8, מָחַד אֵל Jeremiah 36:16: without a verb מֵנִּים אֵל מֵנִּים face to face Genesis 32:31 +; מֵה אֵל מֵה Numbers 12:8; כִּאֲיִנֵּנוּ אֵלֶיךָ the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).
• (b) With words such as אָמַר to say to Genesis 3:1 + often, דִּבֵּר Genesis 8:15 + often, קָרָא Genesis 19:5, הִגִּיד Genesis 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to Genesis 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to Genesis 12:15 (compare Ezekiel 13:19 חִלֵּל אֵל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezekiel 40:14.
• (c) With words expressing the direction of the mind, as קָוָה to wait Psalm 27:14 +; יָחַל to hope Isaiah 51:5; נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֵל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Deuteronomy 24:15; Psalm 25:1; שָׁם לֵב אֵל, שִׁית to set the heart (mind) to Exodus 9:21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֵל to accustom oneself to Jeremiah 10:2; חָרַד אֵל to shew fear towards 2 Kings 4:13; Genesis 43:30; Deuteronomy 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, against

• Genesis 4:8 אֵל הֶבֶל and Cain rose up against Abel (so 1 Samuel 24:8) 1 Samuel 22:12; Exodus 14:5; Numbers 32:14; with נִקַּם Joshua 10:6, הָלַךְ Judges 1:10; Judges 20:30; with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Genesis 42:21; Judges 9:57; 1 Samuel 2:34; 1 Kings 14:10 +; Isaiah 2:4; Isaiah 3:8 their tongue and doings are אֵלִי Isaiah 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֵל) Hosea 7:15 (compare Nahum 1:9) Hosea 12:5 וַיָּשַׁר אֵל מַלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֵל Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nahum 2:14; Nahum 3:5; Jeremiah 21:13 (Jeremiah 23:30-32 עַל) Jeremiah 50:31; Jeremiah 51:25; Ezekiel 13:8, Ezekiel 13:20; Ezekiel 21:8; Ezekiel 29:10; Ezekiel 30:22; Ezekiel 34:10; Ezekiel 35:3; Ezekiel 38:3; Ezekiel 39:1 (Ezekiel 5:8; Ezekiel 26:3; Ezekiel 28:22; Ezekiel 29:3 עַל: on Ezekiel 36:9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

• As Leviticus 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֵל אֲחֹתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Joshua 13:22 (Numbers 31:8 עַל); 1 Samuel 14:34 at eat אֵל הַחֹם together with the blood (1 Samuel 14:32 & Generally עַל); 1 Kings 10:7 הוֹסַף אֵל (generally עַל); Jeremiah 25:26; Ezekiel 7:26 שְׁמֻעָה אֵל שְׁמֻעָה (עַל); Ezekiel 44:7; Lamentations 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֵל כַּפֵּינוּ our hearts together with the hands (compare Arabic عربي, Qor 4:2; W AG ii. § 51 c).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of

• Thus הִתְאַבֵּל אֵל to mourn concerning 1 Samuel 15:35; הִנָּחֵם אֵל to repent as regards 2 Samuel 24:16; הִתְפַּלֵּל אֵל to pray with regard to 1 Samuel 1:27; 2 Kings 19:20; צָעַק אֵל to cry 2 Kings 8:3 (2 Kings 8:5 עַל); נֶעֱצַב אֵל be pained 1 Samuel 20:34; נִחַם אֵל to comfort 2 Samuel 10:2; more Generally 1 Kings 16:13; 1 Kings 21:22; אֵל נֶפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1 Kings 19:3; 2 Kings 7:7 (Genesis 19:17 עַל). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר אֵל Genesis 20:2; Isaiah 29:22; Isaiah 37:21, Isaiah 37:33 +; דִּבֵּר אֵל 2 Samuel 7:19; Jeremiah 40:16 b; סִמֵּר אֵל Psalm 2:7; Psalm 69:27; צָוָה אֵל Isaiah 23:11; שָׁמַע אֵל Ezekiel 19:4; הַשְׁמֻעָה אֵל the report regarding . . . 1 Samuel 4:19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare)

• אֵל מִצְוָה according to the command of, Joshua 15:13; Joshua 17:4; Joshua 21:3 (generally עַל מִצְוָה); אֵל נָבוֹן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1 Samuel 23:23; 1 Samuel 26:4 (see Dr); perhaps Psalm 5:1; Psalm 80:1 (Psalm 45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by

• Not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1), as Joshua 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֵל מֵי מְרוֹם at the waters of Merom, 1 Samuel 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2 Samuel 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him אֵל הַחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Deuteronomy 33:28; Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7; but also in other cases, as Joshua 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֵל גִּבְעַת הָעֲרָלִים at the hill of the foreskins, Joshua 22:11 have built an altar אֵל גְּלִילוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Judges 12:6; 2 Samuel 3:32, 2 Samuel 14:30 & 2 Samuel 18:4 אֵל יַד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1 Kings 13:20 as they were sitting אֵל הַשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2 Kings 11:14 אֵל הַמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jeremiah 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jeremiah 46:10 אֵל נְהַר מְרָתַיִם by the Euphrates, Ezekiel 3:15; Ezekiel 11:11; Ezekiel 17:8; Ezekiel 31:7; Ezekiel 40:18; Ezekiel 43:3; Ezekiel 47:7; Ezekiel 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

• Thus אֵל אַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 5:23; 2 Kings 9:18, 2 Kings 9:19 סֹב אֵל אַחֲרֵי turn to behind me, Zechariah 6:5 (where אֵל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יָצָא אֵל before & after); אֵל בֵּין in between Ezekiel 31:10, Ezekiel 31:14; אֱל בֵּינֹת similarly Ezekiel 10:2; אֵל בֵּית to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within Leviticus 16:15; 2 Kings 11:15 have her forth in within the ranks; אֵל מוּל see מוּל; אֵל מִנֶּגֶב to the south of Joshua 15:3; אֵל מִחוּץ to the outside of Leviticus 4:12, Leviticus 4:21 +; אֵל נֹכַח to the front of Numbers 19:4; אֵל תַּחַת Judges 6:19; 1 Kings 8:6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In Genesis 20:13 אֵל כָּל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֹא שָׁמָּה וְג׳; Numbers 33:54 אֵל אֲשֶׁר וְג׳; Proverbs 17:8 (compare Deuteronomy 16:6); — אֵל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֵל to be used instead of בְּ. In Deuteronomy 31:14 אֱלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אֵל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus (a) Joshua 5:14 וַיִּמָּל אֵל מָנָיִו; 1 Samuel 13:13 אַתְּמַמְלֵאתָּ אֵלִי שְׂרָאֵל; 1 Samuel 14:34 (see below 5); 1 Samuel 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֵל הָהָר (contracted עַל הָהָר Deuteronomy 11:29); Deuteronomy 19:16; 2 Samuel 6:3; 2 Samuel 20:23 (contracted 2 Samuel 8:16) 1 Kings 13:29; 1 Kings 18:46 (contracted 2 Kings 3:15 עַל) Jeremiah 35:15; Ezekiel 7:18. (b) Judges 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, Judges 6:39 let there be dryness on (אֵל) the fleece; 1 Samuel 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, 1 Samuel 14:12 come up אֱלֵינוּ; 1 Samuel 16:23 & 1 Samuel 16:16 & 1 Samuel 18:10 צָלַח אֵל, 1 Samuel 10:6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1 Samuel 25:17 evil is determined אֵל אֲדֹנִינוּ וְעַל כָּל בֵּיתוֹ; 1 Samuel 25:25; 1 Samuel 27:10; 2 Samuel 2:9 וַיַּמְלֵךְ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳; 2 Samuel 3:29 יָחֻל עַל וְאֵל; 2 Kings 8:3 & 2 Kings 8:5; Jeremiah 19:15; Jeremiah 25:2; Jeremiah 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֵל הָעִיר הַזֹּאת; Jeremiah 27:19; Jeremiah 28:8; Jeremiah 33:14; Jeremiah 34:7; Jeremiah 36:31; Jeremiah 37:13, Jeremiah 37:14; Ezekiel 18:6, Ezekiel 18:11 & Ezekiel 18:15; Ezekiel 21:12 etc. Psalm 79:6 (Jeremiah 10:25 עַל twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers. Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל, as 1 Samuel 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1 Samuel 1:26 אֵל); 1 Samuel 1:13; 1 Samuel 25:25 אֵל עַל; 1 Kings 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַל בֵּיתוֹ (1 Kings 21:4 אֵל); Isaiah 22:15; Jeremiah 11:2; Jeremiah 23:35; Jeremiah 31:12. compare Dr Sm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

¹ If the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

² There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences.

³ It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

⁴ Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל.

⁵ Compare Driver, Samuel, i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

Preposition Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0413:

No stats available

מה מַה־

what/why/how!

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מה

mâh

Definition

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and even relatively, that which); often used with prefixes in various adverbial or conjunctive senses

Root

or מה; or מ; or מ; also מה; a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or מה; or מ; or מ; also מה; a primitive particle; properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and even relatively, that which); often used with prefixes in various adverbial or conjunctive senses; how (long, oft, (-soever)), (no-) thing, what (end, good, purpose, thing), whereby(-fore, -in, -to, -with), (for) why.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4100

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מָה

interrogative pronoun • Root מה • Strongs / High • Page 815

An interrogative pronoun, meaning 'what?'. It has various applications, including direct and indirect questions, functioning as a substantive ('what of...'), expressing quality ('what kind of...'), conveying reproach or negation, serving as an exclamation of wonder ('how...!'), and meaning 'whatever' or 'why'.

מָה

interrogative pronoun / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 816

An interrogative pronoun and adverb with various meanings including: what?, why?, how?, in what way?

מָה

interrogative pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 817

how what! = but how! how great! An interrogative pronoun, what? Also signifies 'on account of that, for that'.

מָה

aramaic pronoun (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 817

Aramaic interrogative pronoun, same as Hebrew. what? whatever, quidquid.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מָה

interrog. pron. / particle • Page 358

1. what? spoken of things (Judg. 11:12; 2 Sam. 16:10, 19:23; Jer. 2:18; Hos. 14:9). 2. without an interrogation, what, whatever, something, any thing (Prov. 9:13; 2 Sam. 18:23; Job 13:13, 14; Ecc. 1:9, 3:15, 22:6; Dan. 10:10 (Aram.)). 3. before substantives, what, of what sort, qualis (Josh. 22:16; 1 Sam. 28:14; 1 K. 9:13). 4. how? (Gen. 44:16; Ex. 10:26; Gen. 28:17). 5. wherefore? (Judg. 8:1; Ps. 42:12). 6. not (Cant. 8:4; Job 16:6, 31:1, 20, 24).

מָה

interrog. pron. • Page 358

Chald. what, as in Heb. with and without an interrogation. מָה דִי that which (Dan. 2:28). Combined with prepositions: (1.) כְּמָה how, how very (Dan. 3:33). (2.) לְמָה דִי lest, that not (Ezra 4:22, 7:23).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4100

I. מָה (rarely מָהֿ, מַהֿ, מַהּ, מֶה, מַּ, מָ; see GKC¹ §37) pronoun interrogative and indefinite — what? how? aught.

Cognates:

• Aramaic מָא
• Arabic ما
• Assyrian minû
• Ethiopic ment

1. Interrogative what?

a. In a direct question, before either verbs or nouns

• Genesis 4:10 מֶה עשׂית what hast thou done?
• Genesis 15:2 מה־תתן־לי what wilt thou give me?
• Exodus 3:13 מַה־שְּׁמוֺ
• Zechariah 1:9 מה אלה
• Haggai 2:3 = as what? (qualem?)
• (a) followed by substantive in apposition: Genesis 37:26 מַה־בֶּצַע what profit?
• (b) מַה־זֶּה what now? 1 Samuel 10:11; Genesis 3:13 מַה־זּאֹת עָשִׂיתָ
• (c) לְּךָ מַהֿ what to thee? (what aileth thee?): Genesis 21:17 מַה־לָּךְ הָגָר

b. In an indirect question

• Genesis 2:19 to see מה־יקרא־לו what he would call it
• Exodus 2:4 לדעת מה־יֵּעָשֶׂה לו
• Micah 6:5, Micah 6:8 (approximating relative)

c. Of what kind? (with insinuation of blame or contempt)

• Genesis 37:10 מה החלום הזה
• 1 Samuel 29:3 מָה הָעִבְרִים האלה

d. Rhetorical negative (answer "little" or "nothing" expected)

• Genesis 23:15 מה היא what is it? (i.e., insignificant)
• Psalm 8:5 מָה אנושׁ כי תזכרנו what is man that thou rememberest him?
• (c) formula of repudiation: Judges 11:12 מַה־לִּי וָלָךְ what have I to do with thee?

e. Whatsoever

• Judges 9:48 מה ראיתם עשׂיתי whatever ye see me do
• Ecclesiastes 1:9 מַה־שֶּׁהָיָה (late idiom)

2. Used adverbially

a. As an interrogative (how? why?)

• Genesis 44:16 מַה־נִּצְטַדָּ֑ק how shall we justify ourselves?
• Exodus 14:15 אֵלַי מַה תִּצְעַק why criest thou unto me?

b. As an exclamation, how...!

• Genesis 28:17 מַה־נּוֺרָא הַמָּקוֺם הַזֶּה how dreadful is this place!
• Psalm 8:2 מה אדיר

3. Indefinite pronoun anything, aught

• Numbers 23:3 וּדְבַר־מַה־יַּרְאֵנִי the matter of aught
• 2 Samuel 18:22 וִיהִי־מָה happen what may

4. With prepositions

a. בַּמָּה, בַּמֶּה wherein? whereby?

• Genesis 15:8; Judges 16:5

b. יַעַן מֶה because of what?

• Haggai 1:9

c. כַּמָּה, כַּמֶּה how much? how many?

• Genesis 47:8; Psalm 78:40

d. לָ֫מָּה, לָ֫מֶה why? for what reason?

• Genesis 4:6 למה חרה לך
• Genesis 27:45 למה אשׁכל (approximating lest)
• Daniel 1:10 אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה lest

e. עַד־מָה until when? how long?

• Psalm 74:9; Psalm 79:5

f. עַל־מָה, עַל־מֶה wherefore? upon what?

• Job 38:6; Numbers 22:32

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Pronoun interrogative

LXX: τί τίσ τίνι ἐστιν ὡσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4100:

τί 516× (62.9%)

τίσ 44× (5.6%)

τίνι 29× (3.2%)

ἐστιν 24× (2.6%)

ὡσ 14× (1.8%)

'' 13× (1.4%)

---% 11× (1.1%)

τίνοσ 11× (1.3%)

τι 10× (1.1%)

--- 10× (1.3%)

נעשה נַּעֲשֶׂה

we are making

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עשה

ʻâsâh

Definition

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application; accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, [idiom] certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal (with), deck, [phrase] displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in) execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, [phrase] feast, (fight-) ing man, [phrase] finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go about, govern, grant, great, [phrase] hinder, hold (a feast), [idiom] indeed, [phrase] be industrious, [phrase] journey, keep, labour, maintain, make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, [phrase] officer, pare, bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure, provide, put, requite, [idiom] sacrifice, serve, set, shew, [idiom] sin, spend, [idiom] surely, take, [idiom] thoroughly, trim, [idiom] very, [phrase] vex, be (warr-) ior, work(-man), yield, use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6213

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Strongs / High • Page 755

to make for

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Strongs / High • Page 1140

1. To do, to make, to form, to construct (e.g., an ark, altar, garments); to build up, to establish, to create. 2. To acquire (by labor); to make or procure a name (fame); to make money; to bring, to make (i.e., to be of use). Also, to prepare (food, sacrifice); to offer; to appoint, constitute to an office. 3. Metaphorically, to keep, to celebrate (a feast, e.g., Sabbath, Passover); to live through or spend the time of life; to perform, to practise, observe, to consider. 4. To do, generally without an object (good or evil); to deal with, execute upon. 5. Altogether generally to act, the interpretation being drawn from the context; to act considerately or falsely.

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1141

To do, to make, to prepare, to work, to act, to perform, to effect. Also: to bring forth, to beget; to give milk; to bear fruit; to put forth shoots; to be made, created, sacrificed, executed; to be committed (a crime); to be celebrated (a festival); to happen, to become. (Includes Nif. passive, Pih. to press/squeeze, Puh. to be made/created).

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1141

(unused) intr. to be shaggy, rough, rough-haired, of men; probably also of a rough, rugged forest-mountain.

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1139

(I) tr. 1. To feel, to touch. 2. To labour = to do; to work; to create (of God); to accomplish; to execute (a vow or wrath); to make, to form, fabricari.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָשַׂה

ii. in kal • Page 531

to press, squeeze, (the breast.) Ezekiel 23:21. (Chald. עֲשָׁא idem.)

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Page 530

To make, do, act. Extensive entry covering various nuances: 1. to make/do (Gen. 1:7); 2. to labour (Ex. 5:9); 3. to execute or accomplish (Ps. 37:5); 4. to prepare or dress food (Gen. 18:7); 5. to make or acquire riches (Gen. 31:1); 6. to pass or spend time (Ecc. 6:12); 7. to keep one's self or abide (Ruth 2:19); 8. to produce or bear fruit (Gen. 1:11); 9. to offer or present (Ex. 10:25); 10. to appoint to an office (1 Sam. 12:6); 11. to celebrate or keep a festival (Ex. 12:48).

עָשָׂה

verb • Page 532

1. to labour, fabricari. 2. to be made smooth or polished, to be bright, to shine. Jer. 5: 28. Hithpa. to think or be mindful of any one. Jon. 1: 6.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6213

I. עָשָׂה (approximate number of occurrences: 2622) verb — do, make.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Moabite עשתי
• Proper names עשיו, אלעשה, מעשיהו

— עָשָׂה 3 masculine singular Perfect Genesis 3:1 +; suffix עָשָׂהוּ Hosea 8:6 +; 3 feminine singular עָֽשְׂתָה Deuteronomy 22:21 +, וְעָשָׂת Leviticus 25:21; 2 masculine singular עָשִׂיתָ Genesis 3:14 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעֲשֶׂה Genesis 18:25 +, וַיַּעֲשֶׂה 1 Kings 16:25, וַיַּעַשׂ Isaiah 5:2 +; jussive תַּעַשׂ Genesis 22:12 +; 1 singular אֶעֱשֶׂה Genesis 2:18 +, וָאַעַשׂ Deuteronomy 10:3; Infinitive absolute עָשׂה Jeremiah 44:17 +; construct עֲשׂוֺת Genesis 2:4 +; Participle active עשֶֹׁה Isaiah 5:5 +; passive עָשׂוּי Exodus 3:16 +.

1. Meanings and Uses: Do

a. General usage

• With accusative Genesis 3:14 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 20:10 (Elohist Source)
• Do right in eyes of יהוה 2 Kings 12:3; evil 2 Kings 8:18
• Do commands Deuteronomy 16:12, Numbers 15:39 (Priests' Code)
• Perform a work (מַעֲשֶׂה) Exodus 18:20, (מְלָאכָה) Genesis 2:2

b. To or with someone

• To someone (ל) Genesis 20:9 (Elohist Source)
• Against reflexive (עַל) Jeremiah 26:19
• With someone (אֵת / עִם) Deuteronomy 1:30, Ruth 2:11
• Maintain cause (מִשְׁמַּט) 1 Kings 8:45

c. Kindness and Goodness

• Do kindness (חֶסֶד) Genesis 19:19, 2 Samuel 2:5
• Kindness and truth (חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת) Joshua 2:14 (Jehovist/Elohist Source)
• Do good (טוֺב) Genesis 26:29

2. Meanings and Uses: Make

a. Create or produce

• Ark Genesis 8:6; idols Judges 18:24
• Of God's creation Genesis 1:7, 1:25 (Priests' Code), Nehemiah 9:6
• Produce fruit or grain Hosea 8:7, Genesis 1:11

b. Transform or Appoint

• Make something out of material Exodus 25:18, Deuteronomy 10:3
• Make into something Hosea 8:4, Psalm 104:4
• Appoint priests or feasts 1 Kings 12:31–32

c. Ritual and Celebration

• Prepare sacrifice 1 Kings 18:23, Judges 6:19
• Make offering (עוֺלָה) Judges 13:16, Leviticus 16:24
• Observe/celebrate Passover Exodus 12:48, Sabbath Exodus 31:16

d. Other uses

• Acquire property Genesis 12:5, Deuteronomy 8:17
• Make war Genesis 14:2, peace Joshua 9:15
• Spend or pass days Ecclesiastes 6:12

3. Passive and Reflexive Forms

Niphal — be done, be made.

• Be done (of work) Judges 16:11, (of offence) Deuteronomy 13:15
• Be executed (of decree) Esther 9:1
• Be made (of objects) 1 Kings 10:20, Jeremiah 3:16
• Be observed (of festival) 2 Kings 24:22

Pual — be made.

• עֻשֵּׂיתִי Psalm 139:15 I was made.

---

II. עָשָׂה verb Pi`el — press, squeeze.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew עִשָּׂה
• Aramaic עַסִּי
• Arabic عص

• 3 plural עִשּׂוּ דַּדֵּי בְּתוּלִים Ezekiel 23:3, 23:8
• Infinitive construct בְּעַשּׂוֺת Ezekiel 23:21 (read as Pi`el)

¹ Mesha Inscription (MI), l. 23, 26.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ David Heinrich Müller, SB Berl. Akkadian 1886.

Verb Qal imperfect first person common plural

LXX: ἐποίησεν ποιήσεισ ἐποίησαν ποιῆσαι ποιήσω

LXX Usage Statistics

H6213a:

ἐποίησεν 538× (20.3%)

ποιήσεισ 196× (7.3%)

ἐποίησαν 191× (7.2%)

ποιῆσαι 141× (5.2%)

ποιήσω 113× (4.3%)

ποιήσει 111× (4.2%)

'' 86× (2.9%)

ἐποίησασ 82× (3.2%)

ποιεῖν 79× (2.9%)

ποιήσετε 76× (2.9%)

לך לָּךְ

to yourself/walk

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9031

Preposition -For/Into Art, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

וישתק וְיִשְׁתֹּק

and he is being silent

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שתק

shâthaq

Definition

to subside

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to subside; be calm, cease, be quiet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8367

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הִשְׁתַּקְשֵׁק

verb • Root שקק • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1478

(from the reduplicated שׁוּקֵק) to run along, to run about, of chariots.

הִשְׁתַּקְשֵׁק

verb hithpael • Root שקשק • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1401

(Hithp. from reduplic. שׁקשׁק) To drive quickly, to rage, of a military chariot.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁתַק

verb • Page 704

fut. יִשְׁתֹּק, to be still, to rest; spoken e. g. of the waves, Jon. 1: 11, 12. Ps. 107: 30. of contention, Prov. 26: 20.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8367

שָׁתַק (late) verb — be quiet.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id., be silent
• Aramaic שְׁתַק, שְׁתֵיק, ܫܬܩ be quiet, silent (compare also שׁקט)

— Qal Imperfect 3 masculine singular, of sea יִשְׁתֹּק הַיָּם Jonah 1:11, 12 (followed by מֵעַל), of quarrel, strife Proverbs 26:20; 3 masculine plural of persons at sea, יִשְׁתֹּ֑קוּ Psalm 107:30.

Conjunction, Verb Qal third person masculine singular

LXX: κοπάσει

LXX Usage Statistics

H8367:

κοπάσει 2× (45.9%)

הים הַיָּם

the Sea

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ים

yâm

Definition

a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the south

Root

from an unused root meaning to roar;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to roar; a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the south; sea ([idiom] -faring man, (-shore)), south, west (-ern, side, -ward).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3220

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָם

noun / masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 613

A heap, conflux, or collection of water; a sea. The plural form יַמִּים is also used poetically for the singular. Figuratively, it can refer to a 'sea of clouds' or great rivers such as the Nile and the Euphrates. The construct state is יַם.

יָם

noun / masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 614

Sea, lake; specifically used for bodies of water like the Red Sea, the Jordan, the Mediterranean, and the Dead Sea. Also refers to the west, a large basin (the brazen sea), streams, and figuratively, a mass of people or an army.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָם

m. prim. • Page 284

A sea, an inland sea, or a lake. Specifically: the sea of Chinnereth (Num. 34:11), the Salt sea (Gen. 14:3), the Dead sea (Deut. 3:17), the sea of Reeds/Red sea (Ex. 15:4), and the Great sea/Mediterranean.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3220

I. יָם (approximate number of occurrences: 390)¹ noun masculine — sea.

Cognates:

• Phoenician ים
• Arabic يمّ
• Palmyrene בימא
• Assyrian iâmu, (îmu)²

— יָם absolute 1 Samuel 13:5 +; יָ֫מָּה Genesis 28:14 +; construct יָם Genesis 14:3 (23 times), also יָ֫מָּה סוּף Exodus 10:19, but always יַם־סוּף Exodus 13:18 (22 times); suffix יַמָּהּ Jeremiah 51:36; plural יַמִּים Judges 5:17 (29 times).

1. The Mediterranean Sea

• Numbers 13:29 (Elohist Source)
• Numbers 34:5 (Priests' Code)
• Deuteronomy 1:7
• Joshua 5:1
• 1 Kings 5:23
• Jonah 1:4

a. Other names for the Mediterranean

• הַיָּם הַגָּדוֺל (The Great Sea): Numbers 34:6, 7; Joshua 15:12, 47; Ezekiel 48:28 +; compare (+ וּרְחַב יָדַיִם גּ הַיּ) Psalm 104:25
• מְבוֺא הַיָּם חַגּ הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ: Joshua 1:4; Joshua 23:4 (Assyrian name tiamtu rabitu ša sulmu šamši)³
• הַיָּם הַגּ אֶל־מול הַלְּבָנוֺן: Joshua 9:1
• הַיָּם הָאַחֲרוֺן (The hinder sea): Deuteronomy 11:24; Deuteronomy 34:2; Zechariah 14:8; Joel 2:20 (opposed to Eastern Sea)
• יָם מְּלִשְׁתִּים (Sea of Philistines): Exodus 23:31 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• יָם יָפוֺ or יָפוֺא: 2 Chronicles 2:15; Ezra 3:7

2. The Red Sea

יַם־סוּף (see סוּף):

• Exodus 13:18 (compare Exodus 10:19)
• Exodus 15:4
• Numbers 14:25
• Deuteronomy 1:40
• Joshua 2:10
• Judges 11:16 + often
• Simply הַיָּם: Exodus 14:2; Exodus 14:9; Isaiah 51:10; Isaiah 63:11
• יָם מִצְרַיִם: Isaiah 11:15
• Of the Elanitic Gulf: 1 Kings 9:26 (compare 2 Chronicles 8:17)

3. The Dead Sea

• יָם מֶלַח (Sea of Salt): Genesis 14:3; Numbers 34:3, 12; Deuteronomy 3:17; Joshua 3:16; Joshua 12:3; Joshua 15:2, 5; Joshua 18:19
• יָם הָעֲרָבָה: Deuteronomy 3:17; Deuteronomy 4:49; Joshua 3:16; Joshua 12:3; 2 Kings 14:25
• הַיּ הַקַּדְמֹנִי (Eastern Sea): Ezekiel 47:18; Zechariah 14:8; Joel 2:29
• Simply יָם: Isaiah 16:8; Jeremiah 48:32

4. Sea of Galilee

• יָם כִּנֶּרֶת: Numbers 34:11; Joshua 13:27
• יָם כִּנְּרוֺת: Joshua 12:3
• Simply יָם: Deuteronomy 33:23

5. Generally sea

Opposed to earth and/or sky:

• Genesis 1:26, 28; Genesis 9:2 (Priests' Code)
• Exodus 20:11 (Elohist Source)
• Haggai 2:6; Job; Psalms; Isaiah, etc.
• As under the earth: Psalm 24:2 (compare Genesis 1:10; Exodus 20:5)
• figurative of a flood of invaders: Jeremiah 51:42

6. Of a mighty river

• Of the Nile: Nahum 3:8; Isaiah 19:5; Isaiah 27:1; Ezekiel 32:2
• Of the Euphrates: Isaiah 21:1; Jeremiah 51:36

7. The great basin in temple-court

Called the sea:

• וַיַּעַשׂ אֶת־הַיָּם מוּצָק: 1 Kings 7:23; 2 Chronicles 4:2
• יָם הַנְּחשֶׁת: 2 Kings 25:13; 1 Chronicles 18:8; Jeremiah 52:17
• Simply הַיָּם: 1 Kings 7:24, 25; Jeremiah 52:20

8. Combinations

a. Shore of sea, sea-shore

• שְׂפַת הַיָּם: Joshua 11:4; 1 Kings 5:9; Genesis 22:17
• חוֺף הַיּ: Joshua 9:1; Ezekiel 25:16
• חוֺף יַמִּים: Genesis 49:13; Judges 5:17
• חֶבֶל הַיָּם (Region by the sea): Zephaniah 2:5, 6

b. Sand of the sea (shore)

• חוֺל הַיָּם: Genesis 32:13; Genesis 41:49; Hosea 2:1; Isaiah 10:22
• חוֺל גְּבוּל לַיָּם: Jeremiah 5:22

c. Tongue (arm or gulf) of sea

• לְשׁוֺן הַיָּם: Joshua 15:5; Joshua 18:19; Isaiah 11:15

d. From sea to sea

• מִיָּם עַד־יָם: Amos 8:12; Zechariah 9:10; Psalm 72:8; Micah 7:12; Zechariah 14:8; Joel 2:20

9. West, westward

(Originally sea-ward from the position of the Mediterranean):

• With other points of compass: Genesis 13:14; Genesis 28:14 (Jehovist Source); Numbers 2:18; Numbers 35:5; Ezekiel 42:19; Daniel 8:4; Psalm 107:3 (read perhaps וּמִיָּמִן from the south)
• רוּהַ יָם (West wind): Exodus 10:19 (Jehovist Source)
• יָ֫מָּה (Westward): Exodus 26:22; Numbers 3:23; Joshua 15:8
• דֶּרֶךְ הַיָּם (Westward): Ezekiel 41:12
• גְּבוּל יָם (Western border): Numbers 34:6; Joshua 15:2
• מְּאַת־יָם (West side): Exodus 27:12; Numbers 35:5; Joshua 18:14

Aramaic

[יַם] noun masculine sea (Targum, Syriac; see Hebrew יָם).

1. emphatic sea
   • יַמָּא Daniel 7:2, Daniel 7:3

¹ Masculine usage confirmed in Exodus 14:27.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB 307); Muss-Arnolt, Concise Dictionary of the Assyrian Language (M-A CD 52); Haupt, Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (BAS i. 171 n).

³ Eberhard Schrader, Die Namen der Meere in den assyrischen Inschriften (Schr 171 ff.).

⁴ In Jeremiah 48:32 יָם יַעְזֵר is likely a textual error; see Graf, Grätz, Cheyne, and Giesebrecht.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: θάλασσαν θαλάσσησ θάλασσα θαλάσσῃ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3220:

θάλασσαν 144× (32.9%)

θαλάσσησ 126× (29.8%)

θάλασσα 39× (9.2%)

θαλάσσῃ 19× (4.2%)

'' 8× (1.9%)

θαλασσῶν 6× (1.6%)

--- 6× (1.6%)

ὕδωρ 6× (1.5%)

ἐρυθρὰν 5× (1.1%)

pεἰσ 4× (1.1%)

מעלינו מֵעָלֵינוּ

from upon ourselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

נו

Definition

us, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 1st person common plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9035

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Prep-M, Preposition Suffix pronominal first person both plural

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

כי כִּי

for

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3588

I. כִּי conjunction — that, for, when.

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician כ
• Aramaic דֵּךְ this¹
• Latin nam

1. That

a. Prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb

Occupying the place of an accusative; after verbs of seeing, knowing, telling, etc.:

• Genesis 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֹב (God saw that it was good)
• Genesis 3:6, Genesis 6:2, Genesis 6:5, Genesis 12:14
• Genesis 14:14, Genesis 22:12 (knowing)
• Genesis 12:18, Genesis 6:6–7 (repenting)
• Genesis 22:16 (swearing)
• Job 36:10, 24 (commanding)
• Psalm 41:12 (after a pronoun)

b. Introducing direct narration

Like the Greek ὅτι recitativum:

• Genesis 21:30
• Genesis 29:33 and she said, כִּי שָׁמַע יְהוָה Yahweh hath heard, etc.
• Exodus 3:12
• Joshua 2:24
• 1 Samuel 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלֶךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ

c. Especially after an oath

Introducing the fact sworn to:

• Genesis 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם
• Numbers 14:22
• 1 Samuel 20:3 as יְהוָה liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת
• 1 Samuel 14:44 כֹּה יַעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֹסִיף כִּי מוֹת תָּמוּת

d. With adverbs and interjections

• אַף כִּי (see אַף)
• הֲכִי is it that...? 2 Samuel 9:1, Genesis 29:15
• אִם לֹא כִּי Deuteronomy 32:30 were it not that...
• כִּי עַתָּה (apodosis) Genesis 31:42, Genesis 43:10

e. Intensive force

Introducing a statement with emphasis: yea, surely, certainly:

• Exodus 18:11
• 1 Samuel 17:25
• Isaiah 32:13
• Lamentations 3:22 (the mercies of יְהוָה, surely they are not consumed)

f. That, expressing consecution

Especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation:

• Genesis 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me?
• Exodus 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go?
• Psalm 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ?
• Genesis 40:15 (after a negative)

2. Of time

a. When

• Of the past: Genesis 6:1, Genesis 26:8, 2 Samuel 6:13
• Of the present: Exodus 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter
• Of the future: Genesis 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶת הָאֲדָמָה, Exodus 7:9

b. Approximating to "if"

Representing a case likely to occur (mostly with imperfect):

• Genesis 38:16
• Often in laws: Exodus 21:14, 21:33; Leviticus 1:2

c. Concessive force (though)

• Jeremiah 49:16 כִּי תַגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest
• Micah 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָמְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise

3. Because, since

a. General causal

• Genesis 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou
• Genesis 18:20
• In answer to a question: Genesis 27:20, Exodus 1:19

b. Following the causal sentence (for)

• Genesis 2:3 כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת because on it he rested
• Psalm 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָי for my bones are vexed
• Ironical: 1 Kings 18:27 for he is a god

c. Subtle or explicative causal

Justifying a statement by unfolding particulars:

• Isaiah 3:8, Job 6:21
• 2 Samuel 23:5, Isaiah 5:7

d. After a negative (but / sondern)

• Genesis 17:15 not Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ but Sarah shall be her name
• Exodus 16:8 not against us... כִּי עַל יְהוָה but against Yahweh
• לֹא כִּי nay, but: Genesis 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָקְתְּ

4. Combined with Other Particles

a. כִּי אִם (except, but rather, surely)

• Except: Genesis 32:27 כִּי אִם בֵּרַכְתָּנִי except thou bless me
• But rather: Genesis 15:4, Genesis 32:29
• Surely (after oath): 2 Kings 5:20 כִּי אִם רַצְתִּי surely I will run

b. כִּי עַל כֵּן (forasmuch as / for therefore)

• Genesis 18:5 כִּי עַל כֵּן עֲבַרְתֶּם for therefore are ye come
• Numbers 14:43, Judges 6:22

¹ William Wright, Lectures on the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W. SG 110 f.).

² S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (Dr).

³ Ewald's Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

הים הַיָּם

the Sea

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ים

yâm

Definition

a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the south

Root

from an unused root meaning to roar;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to roar; a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the south; sea ([idiom] -faring man, (-shore)), south, west (-ern, side, -ward).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3220

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָם

noun / masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 613

A heap, conflux, or collection of water; a sea. The plural form יַמִּים is also used poetically for the singular. Figuratively, it can refer to a 'sea of clouds' or great rivers such as the Nile and the Euphrates. The construct state is יַם.

יָם

noun / masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 614

Sea, lake; specifically used for bodies of water like the Red Sea, the Jordan, the Mediterranean, and the Dead Sea. Also refers to the west, a large basin (the brazen sea), streams, and figuratively, a mass of people or an army.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָם

m. prim. • Page 284

A sea, an inland sea, or a lake. Specifically: the sea of Chinnereth (Num. 34:11), the Salt sea (Gen. 14:3), the Dead sea (Deut. 3:17), the sea of Reeds/Red sea (Ex. 15:4), and the Great sea/Mediterranean.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3220

I. יָם (approximate number of occurrences: 390)¹ noun masculine — sea.

Cognates:

• Phoenician ים
• Arabic يمّ
• Palmyrene בימא
• Assyrian iâmu, (îmu)²

— יָם absolute 1 Samuel 13:5 +; יָ֫מָּה Genesis 28:14 +; construct יָם Genesis 14:3 (23 times), also יָ֫מָּה סוּף Exodus 10:19, but always יַם־סוּף Exodus 13:18 (22 times); suffix יַמָּהּ Jeremiah 51:36; plural יַמִּים Judges 5:17 (29 times).

1. The Mediterranean Sea

• Numbers 13:29 (Elohist Source)
• Numbers 34:5 (Priests' Code)
• Deuteronomy 1:7
• Joshua 5:1
• 1 Kings 5:23
• Jonah 1:4

a. Other names for the Mediterranean

• הַיָּם הַגָּדוֺל (The Great Sea): Numbers 34:6, 7; Joshua 15:12, 47; Ezekiel 48:28 +; compare (+ וּרְחַב יָדַיִם גּ הַיּ) Psalm 104:25
• מְבוֺא הַיָּם חַגּ הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ: Joshua 1:4; Joshua 23:4 (Assyrian name tiamtu rabitu ša sulmu šamši)³
• הַיָּם הַגּ אֶל־מול הַלְּבָנוֺן: Joshua 9:1
• הַיָּם הָאַחֲרוֺן (The hinder sea): Deuteronomy 11:24; Deuteronomy 34:2; Zechariah 14:8; Joel 2:20 (opposed to Eastern Sea)
• יָם מְּלִשְׁתִּים (Sea of Philistines): Exodus 23:31 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• יָם יָפוֺ or יָפוֺא: 2 Chronicles 2:15; Ezra 3:7

2. The Red Sea

יַם־סוּף (see סוּף):

• Exodus 13:18 (compare Exodus 10:19)
• Exodus 15:4
• Numbers 14:25
• Deuteronomy 1:40
• Joshua 2:10
• Judges 11:16 + often
• Simply הַיָּם: Exodus 14:2; Exodus 14:9; Isaiah 51:10; Isaiah 63:11
• יָם מִצְרַיִם: Isaiah 11:15
• Of the Elanitic Gulf: 1 Kings 9:26 (compare 2 Chronicles 8:17)

3. The Dead Sea

• יָם מֶלַח (Sea of Salt): Genesis 14:3; Numbers 34:3, 12; Deuteronomy 3:17; Joshua 3:16; Joshua 12:3; Joshua 15:2, 5; Joshua 18:19
• יָם הָעֲרָבָה: Deuteronomy 3:17; Deuteronomy 4:49; Joshua 3:16; Joshua 12:3; 2 Kings 14:25
• הַיּ הַקַּדְמֹנִי (Eastern Sea): Ezekiel 47:18; Zechariah 14:8; Joel 2:29
• Simply יָם: Isaiah 16:8; Jeremiah 48:32

4. Sea of Galilee

• יָם כִּנֶּרֶת: Numbers 34:11; Joshua 13:27
• יָם כִּנְּרוֺת: Joshua 12:3
• Simply יָם: Deuteronomy 33:23

5. Generally sea

Opposed to earth and/or sky:

• Genesis 1:26, 28; Genesis 9:2 (Priests' Code)
• Exodus 20:11 (Elohist Source)
• Haggai 2:6; Job; Psalms; Isaiah, etc.
• As under the earth: Psalm 24:2 (compare Genesis 1:10; Exodus 20:5)
• figurative of a flood of invaders: Jeremiah 51:42

6. Of a mighty river

• Of the Nile: Nahum 3:8; Isaiah 19:5; Isaiah 27:1; Ezekiel 32:2
• Of the Euphrates: Isaiah 21:1; Jeremiah 51:36

7. The great basin in temple-court

Called the sea:

• וַיַּעַשׂ אֶת־הַיָּם מוּצָק: 1 Kings 7:23; 2 Chronicles 4:2
• יָם הַנְּחשֶׁת: 2 Kings 25:13; 1 Chronicles 18:8; Jeremiah 52:17
• Simply הַיָּם: 1 Kings 7:24, 25; Jeremiah 52:20

8. Combinations

a. Shore of sea, sea-shore

• שְׂפַת הַיָּם: Joshua 11:4; 1 Kings 5:9; Genesis 22:17
• חוֺף הַיּ: Joshua 9:1; Ezekiel 25:16
• חוֺף יַמִּים: Genesis 49:13; Judges 5:17
• חֶבֶל הַיָּם (Region by the sea): Zephaniah 2:5, 6

b. Sand of the sea (shore)

• חוֺל הַיָּם: Genesis 32:13; Genesis 41:49; Hosea 2:1; Isaiah 10:22
• חוֺל גְּבוּל לַיָּם: Jeremiah 5:22

c. Tongue (arm or gulf) of sea

• לְשׁוֺן הַיָּם: Joshua 15:5; Joshua 18:19; Isaiah 11:15

d. From sea to sea

• מִיָּם עַד־יָם: Amos 8:12; Zechariah 9:10; Psalm 72:8; Micah 7:12; Zechariah 14:8; Joel 2:20

9. West, westward

(Originally sea-ward from the position of the Mediterranean):

• With other points of compass: Genesis 13:14; Genesis 28:14 (Jehovist Source); Numbers 2:18; Numbers 35:5; Ezekiel 42:19; Daniel 8:4; Psalm 107:3 (read perhaps וּמִיָּמִן from the south)
• רוּהַ יָם (West wind): Exodus 10:19 (Jehovist Source)
• יָ֫מָּה (Westward): Exodus 26:22; Numbers 3:23; Joshua 15:8
• דֶּרֶךְ הַיָּם (Westward): Ezekiel 41:12
• גְּבוּל יָם (Western border): Numbers 34:6; Joshua 15:2
• מְּאַת־יָם (West side): Exodus 27:12; Numbers 35:5; Joshua 18:14

Aramaic

[יַם] noun masculine sea (Targum, Syriac; see Hebrew יָם).

1. emphatic sea
   • יַמָּא Daniel 7:2, Daniel 7:3

¹ Masculine usage confirmed in Exodus 14:27.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB 307); Muss-Arnolt, Concise Dictionary of the Assyrian Language (M-A CD 52); Haupt, Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (BAS i. 171 n).

³ Eberhard Schrader, Die Namen der Meere in den assyrischen Inschriften (Schr 171 ff.).

⁴ In Jeremiah 48:32 יָם יַעְזֵר is likely a textual error; see Graf, Grätz, Cheyne, and Giesebrecht.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: θάλασσαν θαλάσσησ θάλασσα θαλάσσῃ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3220:

θάλασσαν 144× (32.9%)

θαλάσσησ 126× (29.8%)

θάλασσα 39× (9.2%)

θαλάσσῃ 19× (4.2%)

'' 8× (1.9%)

θαλασσῶν 6× (1.6%)

--- 6× (1.6%)

ὕδωρ 6× (1.5%)

ἐρυθρὰν 5× (1.1%)

pεἰσ 4× (1.1%)

הולך הוֹלֵךְ

he who walks

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הלך

hâlak

Definition

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

Root

akin to H3212 (ילך); a primitive root;

Exhaustive

akin to ילך; a primitive root; to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively); (all) along, apace, behave (self), come, (on) continually, be conversant, depart, [phrase] be eased, enter, exercise (self), [phrase] follow, forth, forward, get, go (about, abroad, along, away, forward, on, out, up and down), [phrase] greater, grow, be wont to haunt, lead, march, [idiom] more and more, move (self), needs, on, pass (away), be at the point, quite, run (along), [phrase] send, speedily, spread, still, surely, [phrase] tale-bearer, [phrase] travel(-ler), walk (abroad, on, to and fro, up and down, to places), wander, wax, (way-) faring man, [idiom] be weak, whirl.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1980

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָלַךְ

verb • Strongs / High • Page 401

An intransitive verb meaning to go, to walk, or to move forward in the widest sense. It applies to people, animals, and inanimate objects (e.g., a border extending, a report spreading, a ship sailing, the moon walking). The fundamental signification is varied by numerous prepositions indicating direction or manner, such as to go to/against (אֶל), to go with/accompany (עִם), to go after/follow (אַחֲרֵי), and to go before (לִפְנֵי).

הָלַךְ

verb • Root הלך • Strongs / High • Page 402

To go, to walk; to disappear, pass, retire; to stalk; also used as an auxiliary verb.

הָלַךְ

verb • Root הלך • Strongs / High • Page 755

to go to

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הָלַךְ

verb • Root הלך • Page 186

To go, in whatever manner; applied to things animate and inanimate (e.g., ark floating, boundary extending, report circulating). Various constructions include: (1) with accusative 'to go through' (Deut. 1:19); (2) with 'ב' 'to go with' (Ex. 10:9); (3) with 'עם' or 'את' 'to be conversant with' (Job 34:8); (4) with 'אַחֲרֵי' 'to go after, follow' (Gen. 24:5, 37:17).

הָלַךְ

verb • Root הלך • Page 187

To go, walk. (Continued senses on this page): 2. To walk, figuratively for to live. Ps. 15:2, Is. 33:15, Mic. 2:11. 3. To depart, to die. Gen. 15:2, Ps. 39:14. 4. To pass away, to perish. Ps. 78:39, Job 19:10, 14:20. 5. To run, flow (spoken of water). Is. 8:8, Joel 4:18, Ezek. 7:17, 21:12. 6. To go on, continue, last. Gen. 26:13, Judg. 4:24, 1 Sam. 14:19, 2 Sam. 5:10, 18:25, Gen. 8:3.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1980

I. הָלַךְ (approximate number of occurrences: 1545) verb — go, come, walk.

Cognates:

• Moabite ואהלך, לך
• Siloam Inscription וילכו
• Late Hebrew הִלֵּךְ (rare)
• Aramaic הֲלַךְ, הַךְ, Pa`el הַלֵּיךְ
• Palmyrene אתילכא
• Assyrian alâku
• Arabic هلك perish

— הָלַךְ Perfect 3masculine singular הָלַךְ Genesis 26:26 +; הָלָ֑ךְ 2 Samuel 8:6 +; 3 plural הָֽלְכוּ Genesis 14:24 +; (הֶ)הָֽלְכוּא Joshua 10:24; Imperfect rarely 3masculine singular יִהֲלֹךְ Jeremiah 9:3; 3feminine singular תִּהֲלַךְ Psalm 73:9; usually (629 times) as if from ילך: יֵלֵךְ Exodus 10:24 +; וַיֵּלֶךְ Genesis 12:4 +; Imperative rarely הֲלוֺךְ Proverbs 13:20; usually לֵךְ Genesis 26:16 +; לְכָה Genesis 19:32 +; Infinitive absolute הָלוֺךְ Genesis 8:3 +; construct לֶ֫כֶת Micah 6:8 +; Participle הֹלֵךְ Genesis 18:16 +; feminine הֹלְכָה Jeremiah 3:6.

I. Literal Meanings

1. Of persons

• a. Go, proceed, move, walk Genesis 22:6, 8; Exodus 17:5; Amos 3:3; opposed to sitting (ישׁב) Deuteronomy 6:7; Deuteronomy 11:19.
• b. Depart, go away Genesis 18:33 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 34:17 (Priests' Code); 1 Samuel 14:3; figurative of exile 1 Chronicles 5:41.
• c. Come, approach, arrive 1 Samuel 17:44; in prayer to Yahweh Psalm 80:3; Isaiah 55:1.
• d. With modifiers of space traversed Deuteronomy 1:19; with accusative דֶּרֶךְ Genesis 35:3; of time Deuteronomy 2:14; with preposition אֶל Genesis 22:3; with לְ idem 1 Kings 10:13.

2. Of animals

• Nahum 2:12 (prowling lions); 1 Samuel 6:12 (cows); Leviticus 11:20 (swarming things); of serpent Genesis 3:14.

3. Of inanimate things

• Of the ark Genesis 7:18; ships 1 Kings 22:49; streams (flowing) Ecclesiastes 1:7; figurative of knees Ezekiel 7:17; of fire Exodus 9:23; of pestilence Psalm 91:6; of fame Esther 9:4.

4. Infinitive absolute uses

• To emphasize duration: הָלוֺךְ וּבָכוֺ Jeremiah 50:4 (continually weeping); הָלוֺךְ וְגָעוֺ 1 Samuel 6:12; הָלוֺךְ וְגָדֵל Genesis 26:13 (growing greater and greater).

II. Figurative Meanings

1. Pass away, die

• Joshua 23:14 (Deuteronomic Source); 1 Kings 2:2; Ecclesiastes 1:4; Psalm 39:14.

2. Live, walk (in a general sense)

• Psalm 23:4 (walk in the valley of deep darkness); Psalm 84:8 (from strength to strength).

3. Of moral and religious life

• a. Walk in ways, counsels, or statutes: in a good sense Deuteronomy 8:6; 1 Kings 8:36; in his law Exodus 16:4. In a bad sense 2 Kings 21:21; Leviticus 18:3.
• b. Walk with: i.e., associate with God Malachi 2:6; Micah 6:8; or with the wicked Job 34:8.
• c. Walk before Yahweh: 1 Kings 2:4; 1 Kings 8:23.
• d. Walk after (follow): after Yahweh Deuteronomy 13:5; after other gods Deuteronomy 6:14; Jeremiah 7:6.

Niph`al

Perfect 1 singular נֶהֱלָ֑כְתִּי Psalm 109:23 — be gone.

Pi`el

— walk, go about, prowl: Perfect הִלַּכְּתִּי Job 30:28; Imperfect יְהַלֵךְ Ezekiel 18:9; Participle מְהַלֵךְ Proverbs 6:11.

Hithpa`el

— walk to and fro, traverse, live: Perfect הִתְהַלָּךְֿ Genesis 6:9; Imperative הִתְהַלַּךְ Genesis 17:1; Participle מִתְהַלֵּךְ Genesis 3:8.

Hiph`il

(treated as from ילך) — lead, bring, cause to flow: Perfect הוֺלִיךְ 2 Kings 24:15; Imperfect יוֺלִיךְ Ecclesiastes 10:20; Participle מוֺלִיךְ Jeremiah 2:6.

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (1896).

³ Heinrich Ewald, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache.

Verb Qal participle active masculine singular absolute

LXX: ἐπορεύθη ἐπορεύθησαν δεῦρο πορεύεσθαι ἀπῆλθεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H1980:

ἐπορεύθη 192× (11.4%)

ἐπορεύθησαν 77× (4.7%)

δεῦρο 53× (3.5%)

πορεύεσθαι 52× (3.0%)

ἀπῆλθεν 50× (3.0%)

πορευθῆναι 39× (2.3%)

πορεύου 35× (2.3%)

πορεύσονται 35× (2.2%)

πορεύσομαι 34× (2.2%)

ἐπορεύετο 33× (2.1%)

וסער וְסֹעֵר׃

and whirlwinds

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

סער

çâʻar

Definition

to rush upon; by implication, to toss (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to rush upon; by implication, to toss (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative); be (toss with) tempest(-uous), be sore, troubled, come out as a (drive with the, scatter with a) whirlwind.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5590

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

סָעַר

verb • Root סער • Strongs / High • Page 1029

intr. to storm, to rage, to be moved (of the sea); to be blown away (of chaff); to rush on (of enemies).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

סָעַר

verb • Page 479

1. to move with violence, to rage; spoken of the sea (Jon. 1: 11) or enemies. 2. to be tossed about by affliction (Is. 54: 11). Niph. to be moved by fear. Pi. to disperse. Poal, to be blown away.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5590

I. סָעַר verb — storm, rage.

Cognates:

• Ecclesiasticus סער Hiph`il, סְעָרָה storm-wind
• Late Hebrew Pi`el stir up, blow, סְעָרָה storm-wind
• Assyrian šâru wind
• Arabic سعر kindle fire, excite, inflame, be vehemently hungry and thirsty, be mad, insane
• Compare II. שָׂעַר (relation obscure)

1. Qal

• Imperfect 3 masculine plural figurative, יִסְעֲרוּ Habakkuk 3:14 they [my foes] storm along to scatter me
• Participle active סֹעֵר Jonah 1:11 the sea was growing more and more stormy, so Jonah 1:13 (+ עֲלֵיהֶם)
• feminine סֹעֲרָה Isaiah 54:11 storm-tossed (figurative of Jerusalem)

2. Niph`al

• Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיִּסָּעֵר 2 Kings 6:11 and the heart of the king . . . was enraged because of (עַלֿ) this thing

3. Pi`el

• Imperfect 1 singular suffix וְאֵסָֽעֲרֵם עַלֿ Zechariah 7:14 (on form see GKC¹) and storm them away (hurl them by a storm-wind) upon the nations

4. Po.

• Imperfect 3 masculine singular כְּמֹץ יְסֹעֵר Hosea 13:3 shall be like chaff (which) is storm-driven from a threshing-floor

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC), §§ 23h, 52n.

² Siegmund Fraenkel, Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (1886), 189.

³ Edward William Lane, Arabic-English Lexicon (1863-1893), 1363.

Conjunction, Verb Qal participle active masculine singular absolute

LXX: μᾶλλον

LXX Usage Statistics

H5590:

μᾶλλον 2× (15.7%)

RBT Translation:

and they are speaking toward himself what/how we are making to yourself/walk and he is being silent the Sea from upon ourselves for the Sea he who walks and whirlwinds

RBT Paraphrase:
And they are speaking toward himself, "What are we are making to yourself, and the Sea is silencing from against ourselves?" For the Sea is he who walks and whirlwinds.

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And they will say to him, What shall we do to thee and the sea shall subside from you? For the sea went and tossed about.

LITV Translation:
And they said to him, What shall we do to you that the sea may be calm from on us? For the sea was going on and being stormy.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And they said to him, What shall we do to thee, that the sea may be calm to us? for the sea rose, and lifted its wave exceedingly.