Jeremiah 31:26

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

על עַל־

upon/against/yoke

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

זאת זֹאת

this one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

זאת

zôʼth

Definition

this (often used adverb)

Root

irregular feminine of H2089 (זה);

Exhaustive

irregular feminine of זה; this (often used adverb); hereby (-in, -with), it, likewise, the one (other, same), she, so (much), such (deed), that, therefore, these, this (thing), thus.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2063

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זֹאת

pronoun / demonstrative / feminine • Root זה • Strongs / High • Page 422

A feminine demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this'. It is also used as a neuter pronoun for 'this'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

זֹאת

pronoun • Root זה • Page 196

this, fem. of זֶה (q.v.)

Particle demonstrative

LXX: ταύτην ταῦτα τοῦτο αὕτη ταύτησ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2063:

ταύτην 91× (16.3%)

ταῦτα 73× (12.9%)

τοῦτο 70× (12.4%)

αὕτη 67× (12.1%)

ταύτησ 50× (9.0%)

ταύτῃ 26× (4.6%)

οὗτοσ 25× (4.4%)

τούτῳ 20× (3.3%)

οὕτωσ 19× (3.3%)

τούτου 18× (3.2%)

הקיצתי הֱקִיצֹתִי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קוץ

qûwts

Definition

to awake (literally or figuratively)

Root

a primitive root (identical with through the idea of abruptness in starting up from sleep (compare H3364 (יקץ)));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (identical with through the idea of abruptness in starting up from sleep (compare יקץ)); to awake (literally or figuratively); arise, (be) (a-) wake, watch.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6974

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קוּץ

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1266

intransitive; to feel loathing, to have a disgust of; or to throw away hope, or destroy (depending on context).

קוּץ

aram. verb tr. (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 1266

(Aramaic, not used) transitive; same as Hebrew קוּץ II. to cut off, to pluck fruit; to reap.

קוּץ

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1269

(unused, tr.) to pierce, to engrave, to cut, to bore into, cognate in sense with קצה.

קוּץ

verb • Root קוץ • Strongs / High • Page 1270

To feel loathing, to have disgust (with ב), to stand off from, to turn away from, to feel a horror of (with מִפְּנֵי).

קוּץ

verb • Root יקץ • Strongs / High • Page 1270

1. To stir, to move, to be restless, hence to awake. 2. To be living, of thorns, bushes, grasses, i. e. to continue to grow exuberant.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קוּץ

verb • Page 584

I. 1. to loathe, abhor; construed with...

קוּץ

verb • Root יקץ • Page 585

II. found only in Hiph. הֵקִיץ intrans. to awake, i.q. יָקַץ. Ps. 3:6, 73:20; Applied to the awaking from the sleep of death, Job 14:12, Dan. 12:2.

קוּץ

verb • Root קיץ • Page 585

III. Is. 18:6. prob. denom. from קַיִץ, hence to summer, to pass the summer.

Verb Hiphil perfect first person common singular

LXX: ἐξηγέρθην πρόσχεσ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H6974:

ἐξηγέρθην 3× (14.1%)

πρόσχεσ 2× (8.7%)

'' 2× (8.0%)

ואראה וָאֶרְאֶה

and I am seeing

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ראה

râʼâh

Definition

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative); advise self, appear, approve, behold, [idiom] certainly, consider, discern, (make to) enjoy, have experience, gaze, take heed, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] joyfully, lo, look (on, one another, one on another, one upon another, out, up, upon), mark, meet, [idiom] be near, perceive, present, provide, regard, (have) respect, (fore-, cause to, let) see(-r, -m, one another), shew (self), [idiom] sight of others, (e-) spy, stare, [idiom] surely, [idiom] think, view, visions.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7200

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רָאָה

verb • Root ראה • Strongs / High • Page 1308

To see, look, behold, or observe (physical act); to perceive, experience, or know (metaphorical); of prophets, to have revelations; to live/exist (to see light); to inspect, examine, try; to regard, consider, trust, or choose/appoint.

רָאָה

verb • Root ראה • Strongs / High • Page 1308

To be seen, but when used with a negative, to disappear, to be invisible (only 3 pl. fem. is attested as רָאֲתָה).

רָאָה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1309

To see, look, perceive, appear; sometimes the object follows in a clause introduced by כִּי; to cause to look upon with a mischievous pleasure; to cause one to feel or experience, good or evil; to enjoy.

רָאָה

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 1309

The name of a bird of prey, probably named from its keen sight.

רָאָה

adjective • Strongs / High • Page 1309

Seeing.

רָאָה

verb • Root ראה • Strongs / High • Page 1307

1. Intransitive: to see, to look, to view. 2. Transitive: to see, with the accusative. Often meaning to perceive.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רָאָה

verb • Root ראה • Page 601

To see, look. 1. to see, look (Ps. 64:6, Ex. 5:21, Mal. 3:18). 2. to view with interest or sympathy, to rejoice in a thing (Job 3:9, Ps. 22:18, Ps. 112:8). 3. to look on, to view (Lev. 13:3); specifically of God looking on to relieve affliction (Ex. 4:31, Ps. 9:14). 4. to look or see to a thing, to take care for it (Gen. 39:23, 1 K. 12:16). 5. to see, know, discern (Jer. 20:12, Ecc. 1:16). 6. to visit (2 Sam. 13:5, 2 K. 8:29). 7. to choose, select (Gen. 22:8); passive participle רָאוּי means select or chosen (Est. 2:9). 8. to see or experience good, evil, life, or death (Ps. 34:13, Ecc. 9:9, Ps. 89:49).

רָאָה

verb • Page 602

found only Deut. 14:13. prob. a corrupted reading for דַּיָּה, as in the parallel passage Lev. 11:14.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect first person common singular

LXX: εἶδεν εἶδον ὄψεται ἰδεῖν ἴδετε

LXX Usage Statistics

H7200:

εἶδεν 159× (11.3%)

εἶδον 154× (11.3%)

ὄψεται 52× (3.8%)

ἰδεῖν 51× (3.6%)

ἴδετε 43× (3.1%)

ἰδὲ 42× (3.0%)

ἰδὼν 34× (2.5%)

ὄψονται 33× (2.5%)

ὤφθη 28× (2.1%)

ἰδοὺ 24× (1.9%)

ושנתי וּשְׁנָתי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שנה

shênâh

Definition

sleep

Root

or שנא; (Psalm 127:2), from H3462 (ישן);

Exhaustive

or שנא; (Psalm 127:2), from ישן; sleep; sleep.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8142

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שֵׁנָה

noun feminine • Root ישן • Strongs / High • Page 1459

Sleep; also sleep of death; figuratively, a dreamy, torpid thing.

Conjunction, Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: ὕπνον ὕπνου ὕπνοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8142:

ὕπνον 6× (27.9%)

ὕπνου 6× (22.1%)

ὕπνοσ 5× (19.5%)

ערבה עָרְבָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ערב

ʻârêb

Definition

to be agreeable

Root

a primitive root (rather identical with H6148 (ערב) through the idea of close association);

Exhaustive

a primitive root (rather identical with ערב through the idea of close association); to be agreeable; be pleasant(-ing), take pleasure in, be sweet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6149

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָרֵב

adjective • Root ערב • Strongs / High • Page 1128

Lovely, pleasant, sweet (of the voice).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָרֵב

m. verbal adj. • Root ערב • Page 524

Sweet, pleasant, or acceptable (Prov. 20:17; Cant. 2:14).

Verb Qal perfect third person feminine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H6149:

No stats available

ליס לִּי׃ס

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Preposition -For/Into Art, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

RBT Translation:

None

RBT Paraphrase:
upon

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Upon this I awoke, and I shall see; and my sleep sweet to me.

LITV Translation:
On this I awoke and looked up, and my sleep was sweet to me.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Make ye him drunk; for he has magnified himself against the Lord: and Moab shall clap with his hand, and shall be also himself a laughingstock.