Isaiah 1:14

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

חדשיכם חָדְשֵׁיכֶם

new ones of yourselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חדש

chôdesh

Definition

the new moon; by implication, a month

Root

from H2318 (חדש);

Exhaustive

from חדש; the new moon; by implication, a month; month(-ly), new moon.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2320

כם

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9026

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֹדֶשׁ

noun / masculine • Root חדש • Strongs / High • Page 462

1. The new moon, the time of the new moon, a festival. 2. A month. 3. A sword. 4. One born at the new moon.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חֹדֶשׁ

m. verbal • Root חדש • Page 216

1. the new-moon, the first day on which the moon is visible, kept as a festival. Num. 29:6. 1 Sam. 20:5. 2. a month, which the Hebrews began with the new moon. Gen. 7:11, etc.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2320

I. חֹ֫דֶשׁ (approximate number of occurrences: 282) noun masculine^{Genesis 7:11} (rarely feminine in MT Genesis 38:24 but masculine Sam Di) — (newness), new moon, month (on formation compare Lg¹; on usage, names, etc., Muss-Arn²).

— חֹ֫דֶשׁ absolute Genesis 7:11 +; construct Genesis 29:14 +; suffix חָדְשׁוֺ Numbers 28:14; חָדְשָׁהּ Hosea 2:13, Jeremiah 2:24; plural חֳדָשִׁים Genesis 38:24 +; construct חָדְשֵׁי Exodus 12:2; suffix חֳדָשָׁיו Job 14:5; חָדְשֵׁיכֶם Isaiah 1:14, Numbers 28:11; חָדְשֵׁכֶם Numbers 10:10.

1. New moon

New moon = day, time, of new moon, as religious festival:

• 1 Samuel 20:5, 18, 24, 27, 34 (Dr); compare יאֹכְלֵם חֹדֶשׁ Hosea 5:7 a new moon shall devour them (Hi St VB, but on text see We); usually parallel to שַׁבָּת Amos 8:5; 2 Kings 4:23; Isaiah 1:13 (+ קְרֹא מִקְרָא), מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֺ Isaiah 66:23, Ezekiel 46:1, 6 (both יוֺם הַחֹדֶשׁ), 1 Chronicles 23:31; 2 Chronicles 2:3; 2 Chronicles 8:13; 2 Chronicles 31:3; Nehemiah 10:34 (all + מוֺעֵד), Hosea 2:13; Ezekiel 45:17 (both + חג, מועד); parallel to מוֺעֵד alone Isaiah 1:14; Ezekiel 3:5; parallel to יוֺם חַגֵּנוּ Psalm 81:4; (compare ראֹשׁ הַחֹדֶשׁ Numbers 10:10; Numbers 28:11; on religious observance of new moon compare Di³ Benz⁴); as time of augury in Babylon (astrological prognostication) Isaiah 47:13.

2. Month

Month (as beginning with new moon, lunar month; compare Benz⁴, but then, without reference to day of beginning):

a. As measure of time during which

• Genesis 38:24 (Jehovist Source), Numbers 11:20–21 (Jehovist/Elohist Source), Numbers 9:22 (Priests' Code), Judges 11:37–39; Judges 20:47; 1 Samuel 6:1; 1 Samuel 27:7; 2 Samuel 2:11; 2 Samuel 5:5; 2 Samuel 6:11; 2 Samuel 24:8, 13 = 1 Chronicles 21:12; Amos 4:7; 1 Kings 4:7; 1 Kings 5:7; 1 Kings 5:28 (3 t. in verse); 1 Kings 11:16; 2 Kings 15:8; 2 Kings 23:31; 2 Kings 24:8; Ezekiel 39:12, 14; 1 Chronicles 3:4; 1 Chronicles 13:14; 2 Chronicles 36:2, 9; Esther 2:12 (3 t. in verse).
• In 1 Samuel 10:27b read probably כְּמֵחֹדֶשׁ for MT כמחרישׁ, and join to 1 Samuel 11:1, so LXX We Dr (compare Genesis 38:24).
• In combinations: חֹדֶשׁ יָמִים a month (of) time (compare יֶרַח ימים Deuteronomy 21:13; 2 Kings 15:13) Genesis 29:14 (Jehovist Source), Numbers 11:20, 21 (Jehovist/Elohist Source); חֹדֶשׁ אַרְבָּעָה יָמִים Judges 19:2.
• Of age: מִסְמַּר חֳדָשָׁיו number of his months = length of his life Job 14:5; Job 21:21; compare especially בֶּן־חֹדֶשׁ Leviticus 27:6; Numbers 3:15, 22, 28, 34, 39, 40, 43; Numbers 18:16; Numbers 26:22 (all Priests' Code).

b. Calendar months

• (1) With names: חֹדֶשׁ הָאָבִיב Exodus 13:4; Exodus 23:15; Exodus 34:18 (twice) (all Jehovist/Elohist Source; = 1st month Exodus 12:2 Priests' Code), Deuteronomy 16:1; חֹדֶשׁ זִו 1 Kings 6:1 (= 2nd mo. ib.; = יֶרַח זִו 1 Kings 6:37); compare 1 Kings 8:2 (הַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי = יֶרַח הָאֵתָנִים), 1 Kings 6:38 (הַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁמִינִי = יֶרַח בּוּל). In post-exilic books occur Babylonian names: חֹדֶשׁ נִיסָן Nehemiah 2:1; Esther 3:7 (= 1st mo.); חֹדֶשׁ סִיוָן Esther 8:9 = 3rd mo.; חֹדֶשׁ כִּסְלֵו Zechariah 7:1; Nehemiah 1:1 (= 9th mo.); חֹדֶשׁ טֵבֵת Esther 2:16 = 10th mo.; חֹדֶשׁ שְׁבָט Zechariah 1:7 = 11th mo.; חֹדֶשׁ אֲדָר Esther 3:7, 13; Esther 8:12; Esther 9:1 = 12th mo., Esther 9:15, 17, 19, 21; (compare also אֱלוּל Nehemiah 6:15, without חֹדֶשׁ; this was 6th mo.; see further Schr⁵ Benz⁴).
• (2) Merely numbered (chiefly Priests' Code and late): בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי Genesis 7:11, compare Genesis 8:4, 5, 14; Leviticus 16:29; Numbers 1:1, 18 + often Priests' Code; Deuteronomy 1:3, 1 Kings 12:32, 33; 2 Kings 25:1, 3, 8, 25, 27; Jeremiah 1:3 11t. Jeremiah; Ezekiel 24:1; Ezekiel 32:1; Haggai 1:1, 15; Zechariah 1:1, 7, 13; 1 Chronicles 12:15, compare entire list 1 Chronicles 27:2–15; 2 Chronicles 3:2 12t. 2 Chronicles; Ezra 3:1 10t. Ezra; Nehemiah 7:72; Nehemiah 8:2, 14; Esther 3:12; note especially הַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה לָכֶם ראֹשׁ חָדָשִׁים רִאשׁוֺן הוּא לָכֶם Exodus 12:2 (Priests' Code), as implying that the 1st mo. was formerly not in the spring.
• Observe usage of omitting חֹדֶשׁ, e.g. בָּרִאשׁוֺן = בַּחֹדֶשׁ הָרִאשׁוֺן Genesis 8:13, compare Genesis 8:5; so commonly in Ezekiel: Ezekiel 1:1; Ezekiel 8:1; Ezekiel 20:1; Ezekiel 29:1, 17; Ezekiel 30:20; Ezekiel 31:1; Ezekiel 33:21; Ezekiel 45:18, 21, 25 + Ezekiel 26:1; Ezekiel 32:17; Ezekiel 45:20 (Co).
• (3) Special phrases and usages: עֹלַת חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֺ לְחָדְשֵׁי שָׁנָה Numbers 28:14 (Priests' Code); מִיּוֺם לְיוֺם וּמֵחֹדֶשׁ לְחֹדֶשׁ Esther 3:7; חָדְשָׁהּ Jeremiah 2:24 of wild she-ass's mating time.

¹ Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889) (Lg BN).

² W. Muss-Arnolt, Journal of Biblical Literature, 1892 (Muss-Arn JBL).

³ August Dillmann, Commentary on Leviticus (Di).

⁴ Immanuel Benzinger, Hebräische Archäologie (Benz).

⁵ Eberhard Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (Schr COT).

Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

LXX: μηνὸσ μηνὶ μῆνασ μῆνα μηνόσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2320:

μηνὸσ 87× (30.5%)

μηνὶ 65× (21.1%)

μῆνασ 16× (6.4%)

μῆνα 13× (4.9%)

μηνόσ 13× (4.7%)

μὴν 10× (3.5%)

μηνιαίου 10× (3.6%)

νουμηνίασ 8× (2.4%)

--- 8× (3.3%)

μηνῶν 5× (2.1%)

ומועדיכם וּמוֹעֲדֵיכֶם

and appointed places of yourselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מועד

môwʻêd

Definition

properly, an appointment, i.e. a fixed time or season; specifically, a festival; conventionally ayear; by implication, an assembly (as convened for a definite purpose); technically the congregation; by extension, the place of meeting; also a signal (as appointed beforehand)

Root

or מעד; or (feminine) מועדה; (2 Chronicles 8:13), from H3259 (יעד);

Exhaustive

or מעד; or (feminine) מועדה; (2 Chronicles 8:13), from יעד; properly, an appointment, i.e. a fixed time or season; specifically, a festival; conventionally ayear; by implication, an assembly (as convened for a definite purpose); technically the congregation; by extension, the place of meeting; also a signal (as appointed beforehand); appointed (sign, time), (place of, solemn) assembly, congregation, (set, solemn) feast, (appointed, due) season, solemn(-ity), synogogue, (set) time (appointed).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4150

כם

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9026

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מוֹעֵד

noun masculine • Root יעד • Strongs / High • Page 824

an assembly (of warriors), a troop.

מוֹעֵד

noun masculine • Root יעד • Strongs / High • Page 824

1. a fixed, appointed time; pl. appointed times; an epoch of time; point of time of the end, i.e. closing time; a future and definite time; a fixed section of time; a yearly returning time; hence a definite festival-time.

מוֹעֵד

noun masculine • Root יעד • Strongs / High • Page 825

An appointed time, season (sabbath, new moon, feast day); an appointed place; a coming together, an assembly, congregation; place of meeting, temple, synagogue; establishment, statute, covenant, law.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מוֹעֵד

m. verbal noun • Root יעד • Page 362

1. an appointed or definite time (Gen. 17:21, Jer. 8:7, Gen. 1:14, Hab. 2:3, Dan. 8:19), including festivals (Lev. 23:2). 2. a meeting or assembly (Job 30:23, Is. 33:20, Num. 16:2); also 'mount of the gods' (Is. 14:13) and 'tent of meeting' (Ex. 25:22). 3. appointed place of meeting, such as the temple or synagogues (Josh. 8:40, Lam. 2:6, Ps. 74:4, 8). 4. a concerted sign or signal (Judg. 20:38).

מוּעָד

verb • Root מעד • Page 362

a slipping, literally 'that which slips' (Job 12:5).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4150

I. מוֹעֵד (approximate number of occurrences: 223) noun masculine^{Psalm 102:14} — appointed time, place, meeting.

— מוֹעֵד Exodus 9:5 (183 times); מֹעֵד Deuteronomy 31:10; suffix מוֹעֲדוֹ Numbers 9:2 (2 times); מֹעֲדוֹ Lamentations 2:6 (3 times) + 5 times suffixes; plural מוֹעֲדִים Daniel 12:7 (6 times); מֹעֲדִים Zechariah 8:19, 1 Chronicles 23:31; מוֹעֲדוֹת 2 Chronicles 8:13; construct מוֹעֲדֵי Leviticus 23:2 (6 times); מֹעֲדֵי Leviticus 23:44; suffix מוֹעֲדַי Ezekiel 44:24; מֹעֲדֵיכֶם Numbers 15:3 + 6 times suffixes.

1. Appointed time

a. In General

With prefix לְ, at an or the appointed time:

• Genesis 18:14
• Exodus 13:10 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 23:15; Exodus 34:18
• Joshua 8:14 (Jehovist-Elohist Sources)
• Genesis 17:21; Genesis 21:2 (Priestly Code)
• 1 Samuel 9:24; 1 Samuel 13:8 (after אֲשֶׁר insert either אָמַר Septuagint Targum or שָׂם Driver¹), 1 Samuel 13:11
• 2 Kings 4:16–17
• Habakkuk 2:3
• Daniel 8:19; Daniel 11:27, 29, 35
• לְמוֹעֵד דָּוִד at the time appointed with David 1 Samuel 20:35 (Thesaurus² SS³ place appointed)
• With prefix בְּ: Hosea 2:11; Leviticus 23:4; Numbers 9:2, 3, 7, 13; Numbers 28:2 (Priestly Code)
• With מִן: 2 Samuel 20:5
• עַד עֵת מוֹעֵד 2 Samuel 24:15 unto the time appointed (but dubious, see Driver¹)
• With verbs: בָּא מוֹעֵד Psalm 102:14; לָקַח מוֹעֵד Psalm 75:3; שִׂים מוֹעֵד Exodus 9:5 (Jehovist Source); הֶעֱבִיר הַמּוֹעֵד Jeremiah 46:17; the stork יָדְעָה מוֹעֲדֶיהָ Jeremiah 8:7 knows her appointed time; מוֹעֵד צֵאתְךָ Deuteronomy 16:6 time of thy going forth (from Egypt).

b. In particular

Sacred season, RV usually set feast or appointed season (wider than חַג, which was only a feast celebrated by a pilgrimage):

• יוֹם (יְמֵי) מוֹעֵד day(s) of appointed season (i.e. festivals) Hosea 9:5; Hosea 12:10; Lamentations 2:7, 22
• Singular indefinite Lamentations 1:4; of the feast of booths Deuteronomy 31:10
• Parallel with חַג חֹדֶשׁ שַׁבָּת Hosea 2:13; parallel with שַׁבָּת Lamentations 2:6
• Usually plural מוֹעֲדֵי יְהוָה Leviticus 23:2, 4, 37, 44 (Priestly Code), 2 Chronicles 2:3, Ezra 3:5
• With suffixes referring to יהוה: Leviticus 23:2 (Priestly Code); בְּמוֹעֲדֵיכֶם Numbers 15:3; Numbers 29:39 (Priestly Code), Ezekiel 36:38; Ezekiel 46:9
• קִרְיַת מוֹעֲדֵנוּ city of our solemnities (sacred seasons) Isaiah 33:20; לְמוֹעֲדִים טוֹבִים Zechariah 8:19
• Parallel with שַׁבָּתוֹת Ezekiel 44:24; parallel with חֳדָשִׁים Isaiah 1:14; 1 Chronicles 23:31; 2 Chronicles 8:13; 31:3; Nehemiah 10:34
• Parallel with חַגִּים Ezekiel 46:11; חַגִּים חֳדָשִׁים Ezekiel 45:17; parallel with רָאשֵׁי חָדְשֵׁיכֶם Numbers 10:10 (Priestly Code).

Notes: It is most probable that in Genesis 1:14 (Priestly Code), where מוֹעֵד is parallel with אֹתֹת, the reference is to the sacred seasons as fixed by moon's appearance; and so also עָשָׂה יָרֵחַ לְמוֹעֲדִים he made the moon for sacred seasons Psalm 104:19, although many Lexicons & Commentaries refer these to the seasons of the year. — לְמוֹעֵד מוֹעֲדִים וָחֵצִי Daniel 12:7 for a set time, times, and a half = 3 1/2 appointed times = half the prophetic week of years (compare Briggs⁴). — וַיֹּאכְלוּ אֶת־הַמּוֹעֵד they ate throughout the sacred season (of Maṣṣoth) 2 Chronicles 30:22 AV RV, but Thesaurus² SS³ Be Ke Öttli they ate the offerings of the sacred season; Septuagint וַיְכַלּוּ.

2. Appointed meeting

• בֵּית מוֹעֵד לְכָל־חָי Job 30:23 house of meeting for every living (of She'ol)
• קְרִאֵי מוֹעֵד Numbers 16:2 (Priestly Code) called to the assembly = קְרִאֵי הָעֵדָה
• קָרָא עָלַי מוֹעֵד Lamentations 1:15 called a festal meeting against me
• בְּקֶרֶב מוֹעֲדֶךָ Psalm 74:4 in the midst of thine assembly
• הַר מוֹעֵד Isaiah 14:13 mount of meeting or assembly (of the gods; the mountain of the gods in the extreme north, the oriental Olympus, Persian Alborg, Hindu Meru, Babylon. Aralli).

3. Appointed place

a. the temple

• Parallel with שֻׂכּוֹ Lamentations 2:6
• נוּגֵי מִמּוֹעֵד afflicted (and driven) from the place of assembly Zephaniah 3:18.

b. synagogues

• כָּל־מוֹעֲדֵי־אֵל בָּאָרֶץ all the appointed places of El in the land Psalm 74:8 = בֵּית וַעַד Sota Psalm 9:15.

4. Appointed sign, signal

• Judges 20:38.

5. Tent of meeting

אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד tent of meeting (of God with his people: see יָעַד Niph`al 1); the sacred tent of the Exodus (see אֹהֶל 3):

• Exodus 33:7 (twice in verse); Numbers 12:4; Deuteronomy 31:14 (twice in verse) (Elohist Source)
• Numbers 11:16 (Jehovist Source)
• Often in P, as Exodus 27:21; Exodus 29:4; Leviticus 1:1, 3; Joshua 18:1; Joshua 19:51, etc. (131 times)
• Elsewhere only 1 Samuel 2:22 (omitted by Septuagint), 1 Kings 8:4, 2 Chronicles 5:5; 1 Chronicles 6:17; 1 Chronicles 9:21; 1 Chronicles 23:32; 2 Chronicles 1:3, 6, 13.

¹ Driver, S. R., Notes on the Hebrew Text and the Topography of the Books of Samuel.

² Gesenius, W., Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae Hebraeae et Chaldaeae veteris Testamenti.

³ Siegfried, C., and Stade, B., Hebräisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testamente (1893).

⁴ Briggs, C. A., Messianic Prophecy (MP).

Conjunction, Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

LXX: μαρτυρίου καιρὸν ἑορταῖσ ἑορτὰσ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H4150:

μαρτυρίου 136× (59.5%)

καιρὸν 12× (4.8%)

ἑορταῖσ 11× (3.8%)

ἑορτὰσ 7× (2.7%)

'' 6× (2.6%)

ἑορτῆσ 5× (2.3%)

--- 4× (2.1%)

καιρόν 4× (1.7%)

καιρῷ 3× (1.2%)

ἑορταὶ 3× (1.3%)

שנאה שָׂנְאָה

she has hated

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שנא

sânêʼ

Definition

to hate (personally)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to hate (personally); enemy, foe, (be) hate(-ful, -r), odious, [idiom] utterly.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8130

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׂנֵא

verb • Root שנא • Strongs / High • Page 755

to hate

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׂנֵא

chald. • Page 641

to hate. Part. שָׂנֵא an enemy, Dan. 4: 16. [4: 19.]

שָׂנֵא

verb • Page 641

1. to hate, construed with an accus. and with ל. Deut. 4: 42. 19: 4. 2. when used in opposition to אָהַב, merely comparatively, to love less, to slight. Deut. 21: 15. Niph. pass. Prov. 14: 17.

שְׁנָא

verb • Root שנה • Page 690

(after the Chaldaic form) to be changed. Lam. 4: 1. Pu. idem. Ecc. 8: 1.

שְׁנָא

verb • Page 690

1. to be changed or altered. Dan. 6: 18. 3: 27. Particularly to be changed for the worse. Dan. 5: 6. 2. to be different, diverse. Dan. 7: 3, 19, 23, 24. Pa. to change, alter, transform. Dan. 4: 13. Ithpa. to change itself. Dan. 2: 9. Aph. to change, alter, transgress. Dan. 2: 21; Ezra 6: 11, 12.

שְׁנָא

f. chald. • Root ישן • Page 690

sleep. Dan. 6: 19.

שֵׁנָא

noun feminine • Root ישן • Page 690

sleep. Ps. 127: 2.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8130

I. שָׂנֵא (approximate number of occurrences: 145) verb — hate.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Moabite שנאי my foes
• Sabean שנאם foe
• Arabic شَنِئَ, شَنَآن hate
• Aramaic סְנָא, סְנָא idem, סָנְאָה hater
• Ethiopic ጸልአ hate

— שָׂנֵא absolute Deuteronomy 12:31 +; suffix שְׂנֵאָהּ 2 Samuel 13:15 +; 2 masculine singular שָׂנֵאתָ Psalm 5:6 +; suffix שְׂנֵאתַ֫נִי Judges 14:16 etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׂנָא Proverbs 13:5, Proverbs 26:28; suffix יִשְׂנָאֶךָּ Proverbs 9:8; Imperative masculine plural שִׂנְאוּ Amos 5:15, Psalm 97:10; Infinitive absolute שָׂנֹא Judges 15:2; construct שְׂנֹא Genesis 37:5 +, שְׂנֹאת Proverbs 8:13; Participle active שֹׂנֵא Deuteronomy 4:42 +, שֹׂנַאֲךָ Exodus 23:5, Proverbs 25:21; plural construct שֹׂנְאֵי Exodus 18:21 +; passive feminine singular שְׂנוּאָה Genesis 29:31 +; masculine plural construct שְׂנֻאֵי 2 Samuel 5:8 Qere.

1. Human hate

a. With accusative of person

• Genesis 26:27 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 37:5, 8 (Elohist Source)
• Judges 11:7
• 2 Samuel 13:22
• Amos 5:10
• Psalm 26:5; Psalm 31:7; Psalm 139:21 (of evil-doers)
• Judges 14:16; Judges 15:2 (of a wife)
• Genesis 29:31 (Jehovist Source); Deuteronomy 21:15–17; Proverbs 30:23 (passive participle of a wife)
• Isaiah 60:15 (+ עֲזוּבָה) figurative of Zion
• 2 Samuel 13:15; Deuteronomy 22:13, 16; Deuteronomy 24:3 (specifically of sexual revulsion)
• Ezekiel 16:37 (object man, under figure of harlot)
• Proverbs 29:24 (reflexive, נַפְשׁוֺ)

b. With accusative of thing

• Ecclesiastes 2:17–18
• Exodus 18:21 (Elohist Source); Micah 3:2; Psalm 45:7 (especially of evil)
• Proverbs 1:22 (of virtue, etc.)

2. Subject God

Of God hating:

• Amos 6:8 (palaces of Israel); Hosea 9:15; Jeremiah 12:8
• Psalm 5:6; Psalm 11:5 (wickedness)
• Amos 5:21; Isaiah 1:14; Jeremiah 44:4 (idolatry and evil)
• Malachi 2:16

3. Participle active as enemy or foe

• Proverbs 13:24 (one hating his son)
• Exodus 23:5 (Elohist Source); Genesis 24:60 (Jehovist Source); Leviticus 26:17 (Holiness Code) (foe of man)
• Exodus 1:10 (Elohist Source); Esther 9:1, 5, 16 (foe of nation)
• Deuteronomy 4:42; Deuteronomy 19:4, 6, 11; Joshua 20:5 (לֹא שׂנֵא a no-hater)
• Exodus 20:5; Deuteronomy 5:9; Deuteronomy 7:10 (foes of Yahweh)

Niphal Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשָּׂנֵא — is hated.

• Proverbs 14:17, 20 (+ ל person by)

Piel Participle — enemy, foe.

1. personal and national
   • Job 31:29; Deuteronomy 33:11
   • 2 Samuel 22:41 = Psalm 18:41
   • Psalm 44:8, 11; Psalm 55:13; Psalm 68:2; Psalm 89:24
2. of Yahweh
   • Numbers 10:35 (Jehovist Source)
   • Deuteronomy 32:41
   • Psalm 81:16; Psalm 83:3; Psalm 139:21
3. of wisdom
   • Proverbs 8:36

¹ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

² Elohist Source.

³ Holiness Code.

Verb Qal perfect third person feminine singular

LXX: ἐμίσησα μισῶν μισεῖ μισοῦντεσ μισοῦντάσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8130:

ἐμίσησα 16× (11.0%)

μισῶν 10× (6.0%)

μισεῖ 10× (7.1%)

μισοῦντεσ 9× (5.1%)

μισοῦντάσ 7× (4.2%)

μισοῦντέσ 7× (4.2%)

μισούντων 6× (3.4%)

ἐμίσησασ 5× (3.5%)

μεμίσηκα 4× (2.9%)

ἐμίσησαν 4× (2.9%)

נפשי נַפְשִׁי

the breath/soul of myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נפש

nephesh

Definition

properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental)

Root

from H5314 (נפש);

Exhaustive

from נפש; properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental); any, appetite, beast, body, breath, creature, [idiom] dead(-ly), desire, [idiom] (dis-) contented, [idiom] fish, ghost, [phrase] greedy, he, heart(-y), (hath, [idiom] jeopardy of) life ([idiom] in jeopardy), lust, man, me, mind, mortally, one, own, person, pleasure, (her-, him-, my-, thy-) self, them (your) -selves, [phrase] slay, soul, [phrase] tablet, they, thing, ([idiom] she) will, [idiom] would have it.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5315

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נֶפֶשׁ

noun / feminine • Root נפש • Strongs / High • Page 982

A breath, respiration. 1. Breath of life, vital power, life, the animal life. 2. The soul or spirit, which gives life and has needs and feelings. 3. A living being, a creature, an individual, a person, a slave, a corpse. 4. Self, used reflexively. Also used to denote the seat of affections like love, joy, fear, piety, courage, and as the seat of various states like lamentation, hunger, thirst, etc.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נֶפֶשׁ

com. gen. but more frequently fem. • Root נפש • Page 451

1. breath (Job 41:13); 2. life, the vital principle in animal bodies, anima (Gen. 35:18, 1 K. 17:21); 3. a living being, particularly spoken of men and sometimes slaves (Josh. 10:28, Gen. 1:20, 12:5); 4. the soul, spirit, as the seat of the volitions and affections (Deut. 26:16, Cant. 1:7); 5. desire, including the desire of eating or hunger (Gen. 23:8, Prov. 6:30, 13:4); 6. scent, fragrancy, odour (Is. 3:20).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5315

I. נֶ֫פֶשׁ (approximate number of occurrences: 756) noun feminine (so even Genesis 2:19; Numbers 31:28; 1 Kings 19:2; see Albr¹) — soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion (Sirach 3:18; 4:1, 2; 13:12; 14:11).

— נֶ֫פֶשׁ Genesis 1:20 +; נָ֑פֶשׁ Genesis 37:21 +; suffix נַפְשִׁי Genesis 12:13 +; plural נְפָשׁוֹת Ezekiel 13:18 (13 times); נְפָשֹׁת Exodus 12:4; Leviticus 27:2; construct נַפְשׁוֹת Genesis 36:6 (4 times); נַפְשֹׁת Leviticus 21:11; נְפָשִׁים Ezekiel 13:20 (but read חָפְשִׁים); suffix נַפְשׁוֹתָם 2 Samuel 23:17 +; נַפְשֹׁתָם Numbers 17:3 +.

1. The soul, the inner being of man

That which breathes, the breathing substance or being = ψυχή, anima, the soul, the inner being of man:

a. Distinguished from flesh

• מִנֶּפֶשׁ וְעַד בָּשָׂר Isaiah 10:18
• הַנֶּפֶשׁ עִם הַבָּשָׂר Deuteronomy 12:23
• From שְׁאֵר Proverbs 11:17
• From בֶּטֶן body Psalm 31:10

b. Conceived as resting on a common substratum with the flesh

• Job 14:22 (אַךְ בְּשָׂרוֺ עָלָיו יִכְאָ֑ב וְנַפְשׁוֺ עָלָיו תֶּאֱבָֽל׃)
• Psalm 42:5, 7
• Psalm 131:2; Job 30:16; Lamentations 3:20

c. Departs at death and returns with life

• Genesis 35:18 (Elohist Source)
• Jeremiah 15:9 (נָָֽפְחָה נַפְשָׁהּ)
• 1 Kings 17:21–22; Job 11:20; Job 31:39

d. Often desired that the soul may be delivered

• From Sh®°ôl: Psalm 16:10; Psalm 30:4; Psalm 49:16; Psalm 86:13; Psalm 89:49; Proverbs 23:14
• From שַׁחַת, the pit of Sh®°ôl: Isaiah 38:17; Job 33:18, 22, 28, 30

2. The living being

The נפשׁ becomes a living being by God's breathing נשׁמת חיים into its בשׂר:

• Of man: Genesis 2:7 (Yahwist Source)
• Of animals: Genesis 2:19 (Yahwist Source); Psalm 104:29–30
• Man is נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה, a living, breathing being: Genesis 2:7
• Elsewhere נפשׁ חיּה of animals: Genesis 1:20, 24, 30; Genesis 9:12, 15, 16 (Priests' Code); Ezekiel 47:9
• With verb חיה: Genesis 12:13; Genesis 19:20; 1 Kings 20:32; Psalm 119:175
• In oaths: חֵי נַפְשְׁךָ 1 Samuel 1:26; 1 Samuel 17:55; 2 Kings 2:2

3. Life itself

a. Life resides in the blood

• Deuteronomy 12:23 (הַדָּם הוּא הַנֶּפֶשׁ)
• Leviticus 17:10–14 (Holiness Code); Genesis 9:4 (Priests' Code)

b. Serious attack upon life is an attack upon this inner living being

• 2 Samuel 1:9; Jeremiah 4:10; Jonah 2:6; Psalm 69:2

c. Used for life itself (171 times)

• נפשׁ תחת נפשׁ life for life: Exodus 21:23; Leviticus 24:18; 1 Kings 20:39
• שׂם נפשׁ בכף put life in one's hand: Judges 12:3; 1 Samuel 19:5; Job 13:14
• בקּשׁ נפשׁ seek the life: Exodus 4:19; 1 Samuel 20:21; Jeremiah 4:30
• הִצִּיל נֶפֶשׁ מִמָּוֶת deliver life from death: Joshua 2:13; Psalm 33:19
• פדה נפשׁ redeem the life: 2 Samuel 4:9; Psalm 34:23

4. The man himself (as the essential of man)

a. Paraphrase for personal pronoun (70 times)

• נַפְשִׁי = me: Genesis 49:6; Numbers 23:10
• נַפְשְׁךָ = thee: Isaiah 43:4; Isaiah 51:23
• נַפְשׁוֺ = he: Psalm 25:13
• נַפְשָׁם = they: Isaiah 46:2

b. Reflexive, self (53 times)

• לא אדע נפשׁי I know not myself: Job 9:21
• אהב כנפשׁו loved as himself: 1 Samuel 18:1, 3
• ענּה נ afflict oneself (fast): Leviticus 16:29; Numbers 29:7

c. Person, individual (144 times)

• נפשׁ אדם human person: Leviticus 24:17; Numbers 31:35
• נפשׁ = any one: Deuteronomy 24:7; Leviticus 2:1; Ezekiel 18:4
• נפשׁ (ה)מֵת deceased person: Numbers 6:6; Leviticus 21:11; Haggai 2:13

5. Seat of the appetites (46 times)

a. Hunger

• נפשׁ רְעֵבָה hungry soul: Psalm 107:9; Proverbs 27:7
• Satisfying hunger: Isaiah 58:10; Proverbs 13:25

b. Thirst

• נפשׁ עֲיֵפָה weary/thirsty soul: Proverbs 25:25; Jeremiah 31:25
• צמאה נ soul thirsts: Psalm 42:3; Psalm 63:2

c. Appetite in general

• Isaiah 5:14; Habakkuk 2:5
• In Ecclesiastes (craves, lacks): Ecclesiastes 2:24; Ecclesiastes 6:2, 7

6. Seat of emotions and passions (151 times)

a. Desire

• אִוְּתָה נ soul desires: Deuteronomy 12:20; 1 Samuel 2:16
• נשׂא נ lift up the soul (long for): Deuteronomy 24:15; Psalm 25:1; Hosea 4:8

b. Abhorrence and loathing

• געלה נ soul abhorreth: Leviticus 26:11; Jeremiah 14:19

c. Sorrow and distress

• מרי נ bitter of soul: Judges 18:25; Job 3:20
• צרת נ distress of soul: Genesis 42:21

d. Joy

• Psalm 35:9; Isaiah 61:10; Psalm 86:4

e. Love

• Song of Solomon 1:7; Genesis 34:3; Psalm 63:9

f. Alienation, hatred, revenge

• Jeremiah 6:8; 2 Samuel 5:8; Psalm 11:5

g. Other feelings (revival, patience)

• השׁיב נ bring back (revive) soul: Lamentations 1:11; Psalm 19:8
• קצרה נ soul was impatient: Numbers 21:4; Judges 10:16

7. Mental acts

Used with לבב or occasionally alone for knowing, thinking, reckoning:

• Psalm 139:14; Proverbs 19:2; Esther 4:13; Proverbs 23:7

8. Acts of the will

Purpose or choosing:

• אם ישׁ את־נפשׁכם if it is your purpose: Genesis 23:8; 2 Kings 9:15
• בחרה נ soul chooseth: Job 7:15

9. Character

Moral state of the inner being:

• Habakkuk 2:4; Ezekiel 4:14

10. Usage with לבב in Deuteronomy and later writers

Assimilated to the heart as seat of intellect and will:

• בכל לבב ובכל נפשׁ: Deuteronomy 4:29; 6:5; 10:12; 1 Kings 8:48; Jeremiah 32:41

¹ Karl Albrecht, "Das Geschlecht der hebräischen Hauptwörter", Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) 16 (1896), 42.

² Julius Wellhausen, Skizzen und Vorarbeiten, iii. 217.

³ Georg Jacob, Altarabische Parallelen zum Alten Testament (1897).

⁴ Charles A. Briggs, "The Use of Nefesh in the Old Testament", Journal of Biblical Literature (JBL) 16 (1897), 17 ff.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: ψυχή ψυχήν ψυχὴν ψυχὴ ψυχῆσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5315:

ψυχή 126× (15.5%)

ψυχήν 119× (14.6%)

ψυχὴν 89× (11.4%)

ψυχὴ 88× (10.9%)

ψυχῆσ 82× (10.3%)

ψυχῇ 55× (6.9%)

ψυχὰσ 38× (4.8%)

ψυχαὶ 21× (2.8%)

ψυχαῖσ 17× (2.1%)

'' 15× (1.9%)

היו הָיוּ

they have become

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

היה

hâyâh

Definition

to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Root

a primitive root (compare H1933 (הוא));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare הוא); to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary); beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1961

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 397

To be, to exist, to live, to become. A substantive verb used to unite a subject and predicate. It can also mean to happen, to arise, or to belong to. Used in a wide variety of grammatical constructions.

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 591

To be, to become, to exist. The common Hebrew verb for 'to be', considered the root of the divine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַיָּה

noun feminine • Page 185

Keri הַוָּה suffering, calamity. Job 6: 2; 30: 13.

הָיָה

verb • Page 184

1. To be (Ex. 20:3, Num. 10:31, etc.); 2. to become (Ex. 4:4, Hos. 3:3, etc.); 3. to happen (Is. 19:15).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1961

I. הָיָה (approximate number of occurrences: 3570) verb — fall out, come to pass, become, be (SI¹; SI² היה; parallel form of הוה, Arabic هوى, Aramaic הֲוָא; see הָוָה).

Cognates:

• Sinaitic Inscriptions הית
• Arabic هوى
• Aramaic הֲוָא

— Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular הָיָה Genesis 3:1 +; וְהָיָה consecutive Genesis 4:14 +; 3 feminine singular הָֽיְתָה Genesis 1:2 +; הָיָ֑תָה Isaiah 14:24; וְהָֽיְתָה consecutive Genesis 9:13 +; 2 masculine singular הָיִיתָ Deuteronomy 5:15 +; 1 singular הָיִיתִי Genesis 31:40; 3 plural הָיוּ Genesis 6:4 +; 2 masculine plural הֱיִיתֶם Exodus 22:20 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִהְיֶה Genesis 1:29 +; jussive יְהִי Genesis 1:3 +; וַיְהִי Genesis 1:3 +; 3 feminine singular תִּהְיֶה Genesis 21:30 +; 1 singular אֶהְיֶה Exodus 3:12 +; Imperative masculine singular הֱיֵה Exodus 18:19 +; Infinitive absolute הָיוֺ Genesis 18:18; construct הֱיוֺת Genesis 2:18 +; Participle feminine הוֺיָה Exodus 9:3.

1. Happen and Come to Pass

a. Fall out, happen

• מֶה־הָיָה הַדָּבָר 1 Samuel 4:16 (how has the matter fallen out?)
• 2 Samuel 1:4
• מֶה־הָיָה לוֺ Exodus 32:1, 23 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

b. Occur, take place, come about

• 1 Samuel 4:17 (a slaughter has taken place)
• 2 Samuel 18:6 (the battle took place)
• Genesis 26:28 (Jehovist Source)
• וַיְהִי־כֵן Genesis 1:7, 9, 11 (Priests' Code)

2. Come into being and Become

a. Arise, appear, come (absolute)

• Exodus 12:80 (there arose a great cry)
• Genesis 9:16 (the bow shall appear)
• Genesis 1:3 (יְהִי אוֺר let light appear)

b. Become (with predicate noun or adjective)

• Genesis 3:20 (mother of all living)
• Genesis 4:2 (became a shepherd)
• וִהְיִיתֶם כֵּאלֹהִים Genesis 3:5 (become like gods)

c. Become (with לְ)

• Genesis 2:7 (became a living soul)
• Exodus 4:3 (became a serpent)
• Genesis 28:21 (Yahweh shall be my God)

3. Exist and Be

a. Exist, be in existence

• 1 Samuel 1:28 (all the days he lives)
• Genesis 2:5 (shrub not yet in the earth)
• Exodus 3:14 (אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה I am that I am)

b. Abide, remain, continue

• Exodus 24:18 (remained in the mount)
• Joshua 19:10 (extend as far as)

Niph`al — Perfect נִהְיָה 1 Kings 1:27; 3 feminine singular נִהְיְתָה Judges 19:30 — be done, be brought about, occur.

• Exodus 11:6 (such as hath not occurred)
• Deuteronomy 4:32
• Proverbs 13:19 (a desire realized)

¹ Sinaitic Inscriptions.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

⁴ Septuagint (LXX).

Verb Qal perfect third person common plural

LXX: ἔσται ἐγένετο ἦν ἐγενήθη ἔσονται

LXX Usage Statistics

H1961:

ἔσται 827× (22.9%)

ἐγένετο 634× (16.8%)

ἦν 280× (7.9%)

ἐγενήθη 215× (5.8%)

ἔσονται 160× (4.5%)

ἦσαν 134× (3.8%)

ἐγένοντο 83× (2.3%)

'' 74× (1.9%)

--- 73× (2.2%)

εἶναι 67× (1.7%)

עלי עָלַי

upon/upon me/against myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

לטרח לָטרַח

for a burden

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

טרח

ṭôrach

Definition

a burden

Root

from H2959 (טרח);

Exhaustive

from טרח; a burden; cumbrance, trouble.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2960

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

טֹרַח

masculine noun • Root טרח • Strongs / High • Page 566

A burden, charge, trouble.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

טֹרַח

m. dec. vi. p. • Page 266

burden, trouble. References: Deut. 1:12; Is. 1:14. (In Chald. טְרַח, to fatigue one's self by labour.)

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2960

I. טֹ֫רַח (approximate number of occurrences: 2) noun masculine — burden.

— טֹ֫רַח absolute Isaiah 1:14; suffix טָרְחֲכֶם Deuteronomy 1:12.

1. Meanings and Uses

figurative

a. Of God’s burden

• הָיוּ עָלַי לָטֹ֑רַח נִלְאֵיתִי נְ˜שׂא׃ Isaiah 1:14 they are become a burden on me, I am weary of bearing.

b. Of leadership burden

• אֵיכָה אֶשָּׂא טָרְחֲכֶם Deuteronomy 1:12 (+ מַשַּׂאֲכֶם וְרֵיבְכֶם) how can I bear the burden of you?

Preposition, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H2960:

No stats available

נלאיתי נִלְאֵיתִי

I have become worn out

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לאה

lâʼâh

Definition

to tire; (figuratively) to be (or make) disgusted

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to tire; (figuratively) to be (or make) disgusted; faint, grieve, lothe, (be, make) weary (selves).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3811

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הֶלְאָה

verb • Root לאה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 761

Hif'il of לֵאָה. to make weary; to exhaust or make impatient.

הַלְאָה

adverb • Root הלא • Lemma_Lookup • Page 400

see הָלָא.

הָלְאָה

adverb • Root הל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 400

An adverb of place: thither away, afar off, away, beyond. An adverb of time: since then, onward, from that day and forward.

חֲלָאָה

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 485

1. rust, a covering of rust, on a kettle. 2. (tenderness).

לֵאָה

verb • Root לאה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 761

intransitive. prop. to gape, to snap at something, to long after a thing; to be wearied, to be unable; to be reluctant; to be despairing; metaphorically, to be unhappy.

לֵאָה

noun proper feminine • Root לאה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 762

weary, dull.

לְאֹהֲבָי

preposition with participle • Lemma_Lookup • Page 756

Preposition indicating relation, meaning 'with respect to those who love me'.

לוּלָאָה

fem. noun • Root לול • Lemma_Lookup • Page 778

A knot, loop, noose. (pl. לוּלָאֹת)

לְלָאָה

unknown • Root ללא • Lemma_Lookup • Page 788

see לָלָא

מַה־תְּלָאָה

exclamation • Root מה, לאה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 927

An exclamation meaning 'what a weariness!'.

מְלֵאָה

adjective / feminine • Root מלא • Lemma_Lookup • Page 852

Feminine form of מָלֵא. As a noun: fulness, abundance. As an adverb: fully, entirely, loudly, strongly, vehemently.

מְלֵאָה

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 853

1. Full fruit, full ears, i.e. what is most fully ripe, of grain. Also, the best outflow of wine. 2. The best wine.

מִלֻּאָה

noun feminine • Root מלא • Lemma_Lookup • Page 853

Setting of stones, properly, a filling in.

מִפְלָאָה

noun feminine • Root פלא • Lemma_Lookup • Page 890

Miracle (same as פֶּלֶא).

נִלְאָה

verb • Root לאה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 761

Nif'al of לֵאָה. to be lazy, sluggish, idle; to toil, to make oneself weary; to be wearying, too heavy, burdensome; to feel disdain, loathing.

סַלְאָה

noun proper masculine • Root סלא • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1023

A weighed, dear one. Proper name masculine.

עִלָּאָה

aram. fem. (aramaic) • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1095

Aramaic feminine definite: high, highest, uppermost, elevated.

תְּלָאָה

noun feminine • Root לאה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1513

(from לָאָה, like תּוֹכָחָה 2 from יָכַח) f. 1. travail, distress Ex. 18, 8... 2. (from נָחַל II. = נָטַל to dig through) f. a trench, Lam. 3, 5 he has surrounded me with fortifications... and a trench.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לָאָה

verb • Root להה • Page 338

1. to exert or fatigue one's self (Gen. 19:11). 2. to be wearied, exhausted (Prov. 26:15). 3. to be tired or wearied of any thing (Is. 1:14). 4. to loathe or abhor (Job 4:2). Hiph. הִלְאָה: 1. to make weary, to exhaust (Job 16:7). 2. to weary the patience of any one (Is. 7:13). Deriv. תְּלָאָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3811

I. לָאָה verb — be weary, impatient.

Cognates:

• Arabic لاء be slow, hesitating
• Arabic לאי after difficulty, with difficulty¹
• Aramaic לְאִי, לאי, לאה

— תִּלְאֶה imperfect 2 masculine singular Job 4:2; וַתֵּ֑לֶא Job 4:5; 3 plural וַיִּלְאוּ Genesis 19:11.

1. Qal

• be weary (in vain endeavour) followed by infinitive Genesis 19:11.
• be weary, impatient at attempted consolation absolute Job 4:2; at calamity absolute Job 4:5 (+ בָּהַל).

2. Niph`al

— perfect נִלְאָה Proverbs 26:15 (2 times); 2 feminine singular נִלְאֵית Isaiah 47:13; נִלְאֵיתִי Isaiah 1:14 (3 times), etc.

• followed by infinitive be weary of doing a thing, Exodus 7:18 (Jehovist-Elohist Source).
• make oneself weary in doing something Proverbs 26:15 (of sluggard's laziness).
• weary (i.e. strenuously exert) oneself to Jeremiah 9:4; Jeremiah 20:9.
• absolute of eager and hopeless prayer נִלְאָה עַל־הַבָּמָה Moab, Isaiah 16:12 (+ נִרְאָה, בָּא אֶל־מִקְדָּשׁוֹ לְהִתְפַּלֵּל).
• of vain consultations, (followed by בְּ) Babylon Isaiah 47:13.
• subject יְהוָה, followed by infinitive Isaiah 1:14; Jeremiah 6:11; Jeremiah 15:6, always of exhausted patience.
• figurative of parched soil (absolute) Psalm 68:10.

3. Hiph`il

— perfect 3 masculine singular suffix הֶלְאָנִי Job 16:7; 3 feminine singular הֶלְאָת Ezekiel 24:12², 1 singular suffix הֶלְאֵתִיךָ Micah 6:3; imperfect וַיַּלְאוּךָ Jeremiah 12:5; תַּלְאוּ Isaiah 7:13; infinitive construct הַלְאוֹת Isaiah 7:13.

• weary, make weary, exhaust, followed by accusative Job 16:7 (subject God).
• exhaust patience of, object God Isaiah 7:13; object men Isaiah 7:13; Jeremiah 12:5; Micah 6:3.

¹ Edward William Lane, Arabic-English Lexicon (1863-93), p. 3007.

² Critical note: Strike out Septuagint (ᵐ5) and C. H. Cornill (Co).

Verb Niphal perfect first person common singular

LXX: ἀγῶνα οὐκέτι

LXX Usage Statistics

H3811:

ἀγῶνα 2× (9.4%)

οὐκέτι 2× (9.4%)

נשא נְשֹׂא׃

he carried/lifted

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נשא

nâsâʼ

Definition

to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative

Root

or נסה; (Psalm 4:6 (H7 (אבד))), a primitive root;

Exhaustive

or נסה; (Psalm 4:6 (אבד)), a primitive root; to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative; accept, advance, arise, (able to, (armor), suffer to) bear(-er, up), bring (forth), burn, carry (away), cast, contain, desire, ease, exact, exalt (self), extol, fetch, forgive, furnish, further, give, go on, help, high, hold up, honorable ([phrase] man), lade, lay, lift (self) up, lofty, marry, magnify, [idiom] needs, obtain, pardon, raise (up), receive, regard, respect, set (up), spare, stir up, [phrase] swear, take (away, up), [idiom] utterly, wear, yield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5375

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָשָׂא

verb • Root נשא • Strongs / High • Page 755

to lift, carry; give

נָשָׂא

verb • Root נשא • Strongs / High • Page 991

To stretch up, to raise up, to make ascend. Intr. to extend upward, to rise high, to grow, to be projecting, prominent, stretched out. Hence: 1. to raise the feet for walking; to lift up the hand in swearing; to entreat, pray; to lift up the head; to rise in repute, riches, dignity; to lift up the countenance, i.e. to walk along with face raised; to lift up the eyes, i.e. to look at, to behold.

נָשָׂא

verb qal • Root נשא • Strongs / High • Page 994

IV. (Kal unused) tr. same as נָשָׁה III. to extend, to stretch out, to widen.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָשָׂא

verb • Page 458

1. To lift or raise up (Gen. 7:17). (1.) To lift up the eyes (Gen. 13:10). (2.) To lift up the hand, as an oath (Ex. 6:8) or against someone (2 Sam. 20:21). (3.) To raise one's heart to long for something (Deut. 24:15). (4.) To lift up the head of anyone, to exalt or release from prison (2 K. 25:27). (5.) To lift up the voice, as in weeping or rejoicing (Gen. 27:38, Is. 24:14). (6.) To utter, speak (Ex. 20:7). (7.) To begin.

נְשָׂא

verb • Root נשא • Page 460

Chald. 1. to take. Ezra 5: 15. 2. to take or carry away, spoken of the wind. Dan. 2: 35.

נִשָּׂא

verb • Root נשא • Page 459

1. To rise, to be raised up, to be elevated (Ezek. 1:19—21, Is. 2:2). 2. To be borne (Ex. 25:28), or to be carried away (2 K. 20:17).

נָשָׂא

verb • Root נשא • Page 459

To lift up, bear, or take. Meanings on this page include: (8) one's heart raises or excites him (Ex. 35:21); (9) to put or set on anything (Gen. 31:17); (10) to raise oneself, to rise (Ps. 89:10). (2) To bear fruit (Ezek. 17:8), to bear away (1 Sam. 17:34), to suffer (Is. 1:14), to bear guilt or sin (Lev. 5:1, 17), or to bring (as wind, 1 K. 10:11). (3) To take (Gen. 27:3), to accept/be gracious to a person (Gen. 32:21), to take away (Dan. 1:16), to take the number or sum (Ex. 30:12), or to receive (Ps. 24:5).

נָשָׁא

verb • Root נשא • Page 460

I. in Kal not used; perhaps to err, wander (kindred with נָשָׁה to forget.) Hiph. הִשִּׁיא to lead astray; hence 1. to deceive; 2 K. 18 : 29. 2. to seduce. Gen. 3: 13. Jer. 49: 16. Niph. to be deceived. Is. 19: 13.

נָשָׁא

verb • Root נשא • Page 460

II. i. q. נָשָׁה no. II. to lend on usury, Neh. 5: 7. Hiph. to press, spoken of a creditor. Ps. 89: 23.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5375

Aramaic

I. נְשָׂא (compare Biblical Hebrew; rare in Aramaic; see נְסִי, נְסָא¹) verb — lift, take, carry.

1. Pe`al
   • Perfect 3 masculine singular נְשָׂא Daniel 2:35 carry away (of wind, with accusative of thing)
   • Imperative masculine singular שֵׂא Ezra 5:15 take (accusative vessels)
2. Hithpa.
   • make a rising, an insurrection: Participle feminine singular מִתְנַשְּׂאָה Ezra 4:19, עַל person

נְשֵׁיהוֺן see [נָשִׁין] below II. אנשׁ.

¹ Jacob Levy, Chaldäisches Wörterbuch über die Targumim (1867) (ChWB); Neuhebräisches und Chaldäisches Wörterbuch über die Talmudim und Midraschim (1876–89) (NHWB).

Verb Qal infinitive construct common

LXX: λήμψεται αἴρων λήμψονται ἔλαβεν λαβὲ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5375:

λήμψεται 20× (3.0%)

αἴρων 20× (2.6%)

λήμψονται 17× (2.4%)

ἔλαβεν 16× (2.4%)

λαβὲ 16× (2.5%)

ἦρα 16× (2.4%)

ἔλαβον 16× (2.2%)

αἴροντεσ 16× (2.4%)

ἦραν 15× (2.1%)

ἀναβλέψασ 14× (2.0%)

RBT Translation:

new ones of yourselves and appointed places of yourselves she has hated the breath of myself they have become upon myself for a burden I have become worn out carrying

RBT Paraphrase:
The new ones of yourselves and the appointed places of yourselves she, the breath of mine, has hated! They have become a burden upon myself, I have been worn out carrying.

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Your new moons and your appointments my soul hated; they were for a burden upon me; I was wearied to lift up.

LITV Translation:
My soul hates your new moons and your appointed feasts. They are a burden to Me. I am weary of bearing them .

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
your fasting, and rest from work, your new moons also, and your feasts my soul hates: ye have become loathsome to me; I will no more pardon your sins.