Ezekiel 39:18

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

בשר בְּשַׂר

flesh

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בשר

bâsâr

Definition

flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body, person; also (by euphemistically) the pudenda of aman

Root

from H1319 (בשר);

Exhaustive

from בשר; flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body, person; also (by euphemistically) the pudenda of aman; body, (fat, lean) flesh(-ed), kin, (man-) kind, [phrase] nakedness, self, skin.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1320

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בְּשַׂר

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 286

Aramaic masculine noun meaning flesh; the same as Hebrew בָּשָׂר.

Matched via consonantal key only

בָּשַׂר

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 285

I. (Kal unused) to utter sounds, words; to show, to make manifest; to announce (tidings, intelligence), good or bad

Matched via consonantal key only

בָּשַׂר

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 285

II. (not used) belonging to the proper name בְּשׂוֹר; to be cool, fresh

Matched via consonantal key only

בָּשַׂר

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 285

III. (not used) intr. to swell up, to be full, spoken of the body being full of flesh

Matched via consonantal key only

בָּשָׂר

noun masculine • Root בשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 285

1. flesh, of the body of beasts or men; meat. 2. Metaphor. body (opposed to heart or spirit). 3. In a collective sense: living beings, the human race (flesh and blood).

Matched via consonantal key only

בִּשֵּׂר

verb • Root בשר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 285

(Piel) to announce, to relate, to tell of; to announce good, glad tidings; in participle: a messenger of good things, a bringer of good news

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּשַׂר

m. chald. • Page 119

flesh, as in Heb. (Dan. 2:11, 4:9 [12]).

בָּשָׂר

m. dec. iv. a. • Page 119

1. flesh (Ps. 102:6). 2. body (Num. 8:7, Prov. 14:30). 3. all flesh, for all living creatures (Gen. 6:13). Often denotes what is human, frail, mortal, in opposition to God (Gen. 6:3, Ps. 56:5). 4. my bone and my flesh, i. e. my relative (Gen. 29:14). 5. by a euphemism, pudenda viri (Lev. 15:2, Ezek. 16:26).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1320

I. בָּשָׂר (approximate number of occurrences: 266) noun masculine — flesh.

Cognates:

• Arabic بشر skin
• Syriac בשרא
• Assyrian bišru, blood-relation¹
• Sabean בשר תורם flesh of bulls

— בָּשָׂר absolute Genesis 2:21 (126 times); construct בְּשַׂר Genesis 17:11 (40 times); suffix בּשָׂרִי Psalm 16:9 + (96 times); plural בְּשָׂרִים Proverbs 14:30.

1. Of the body

a. Of animals

• Genesis 41:2–19
• Exodus 21:28; Exodus 22:30
• Numbers 12:12 (Elohist Source)
• Numbers 11:4–33 (Jehovist/Elohist Source)
• Genesis 9:4 + (Priests' Code 30 times)
• Deuteronomy 12:15 + (Deuteronomic Source 9 times)
• Judges 6:19–21
• 1 Samuel 2:13, 15
• Isaiah 22:13; Isaiah 44:16, 19; Isaiah 65:4; Isaiah 66:17
• Ezekiel 4:14 (6 times)

b. Of men

• Genesis 40:19 (Elohist Source)
• Genesis 2:21; Exodus 4:7 (Jehovist Source)
• Leviticus 12:3; Leviticus 13:2 (16 times); Leviticus 26:29 (Priests' Code)
• Job 2:5; Job 19:20, 22; Job 33:21, 25
• Psalm 38:4, 8; Psalm 102:6
• The flesh of the body is contrasted with stone Ezekiel 11:19; Ezekiel 36:26.

2. Flesh for the body itself (especially in Priests' Code)

• על בשׂר אדם לא ייסך upon the body of man it shall not be poured Exodus 30:32 (Priests' Code)
• מכנסי בד ילבשׁ על בשׂרו linen drawers shall he put on his body Leviticus 6:3; Leviticus 16:4 (Priests' Code)
• ורחץ את בשׂרו and he shall bathe his body Leviticus 14:9; Leviticus 15:13, 16 (Priests' Code)
• שׂרט לנפשׁ לא תתנו בכשׂרכם ye shall not put any cutting... in your body Leviticus 19:28 (Priests' Code)
• Ecclesiastes uses בשׂר only in this sense: Ecclesiastes 2:3; Ecclesiastes 4:5; Ecclesiastes 5:5; Ecclesiastes 11:10; Ecclesiastes 12:12.
• The body antithetical to נפשׁ Job 14:22; Isaiah 10:18; Psalm 63:2; or לב Psalm 16:9; Psalm 84:3; Proverbs 14:30.
• מִבְּשָׂרִי apart from my body, in disembodied state Job 19:26.

3. Male organ of generation (euphemism)

• בְּשַׂר עָרְלַתְכֶם Genesis 17:11, 14, 23–25 (Priests' Code)
• בשׂר ערוה Exodus 28:42 (Priests' Code)
• בשׂר Leviticus 15:2–19 (Priests' Code); Ezekiel 16:26; Ezekiel 23:20.

4. Flesh for kindred, blood-relations

• עצם מעצמי ובשׂר מבשׂרי bone of my bone and flesh of my flesh Genesis 2:23 (Jehovist Source)
• והיו לבשׂר אחד and they shall become one flesh Genesis 2:24 (Jehovist Source)
• עצמי ובשׂרי Genesis 29:14 (Jehovist Source); Judges 9:2; 2 Samuel 5:1
• שְׁאֵר בשׂרו near of kin Leviticus 18:6; Leviticus 25:49 (Holiness Code)

5. Man over against God as frail or erring

• Genesis 6:3 (Jehovist Source); Psalm 56:5; Psalm 78:39
• eyes of flesh Job 10:4; arm of flesh 2 Chronicles 32:8; Jeremiah 17:5
• horses are flesh not spirit Isaiah 31:3

6. The phrase כָּל־בָּשָׂר

a. All living beings

• Genesis 6:17, 19; Genesis 9:11, 15–17 (Priests' Code)
• Job 34:15; Psalm 136:25

b. Animals

• Genesis 7:15, 16; Genesis 8:17 (Priests' Code)

c. Mankind

• Genesis 6:12, 18; Numbers 16:22; Numbers 27:16 (Priests' Code)
• Psalm 65:3; Isaiah 40:5, 6; Joel 3:1; Zechariah 2:17

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrische Studien (1874), i. 143; Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs (1886), 170.

² Friedrich Böttcher, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (1866), § 695.

³ Franz Delitzsch, Commentary on Proverbs (Leiblichkeit).

⁴ W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia (1885), 149.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: κρέα σάρκασ σὰρξ σάρκα κρεῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H1320:

κρέα 50× (17.6%)

σάρκασ 24× (7.9%)

σὰρξ 23× (8.8%)

σάρκα 19× (6.9%)

κρεῶν 16× (5.1%)

σῶμα 15× (4.9%)

σαρκὸσ 14× (5.0%)

σάρκεσ 12× (4.0%)

κρέασ 11× (4.2%)

σαρκόσ 10× (3.6%)

גבורים גִּבּוֹרִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גבור

gibbôwr

Definition

powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant

Root

or גבר; (shortened) intensive from the same as H1397 (גבר);

Exhaustive

or גבר; (shortened) intensive from the same as גבר; powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant; champion, chief, [idiom] excel, giant, man, mighty (man, one), strong (man), valiant man.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1368

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גִּבּוֹר

adjective • Root גבר • Strongs / High • Page 295

Strong, powerful, mighty, omnipotent; valiant, heroic, warlike. Used as a substantive for a strong one, a warrior, a hero. Metaphorically, an active, valiant, or upright man. In a bad sense, a violent man.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גִּבּוֹר

adjective / noun • Root גבר • Page 125

1. strong, mighty. Gen. 10:8. Ps. 112 : 2. Hence spoken of God, Deut. 10: 17. 2. brave, valiant, and substantively a hero. 2 Sam. 17:8. Gen. 10: 9. Frequently in the phrase גִּבּוֹר חַיִל brave hero, mighty man of valour, Judg. 6: 12. 11: 1. 1 Sam. 16: 18. 2 K. 5: 1. 3. one great in substance, a man of wealth. 1 Sam. 9: 1. Ruth 2: 1. 2 K. 15: 20. also an active, enterprising man. 1 K. 11: 28. Neh. 11: 14. 4. particularly, leader of an army. 2 Sam. 23: 8. 1 K. 1: 8. 1 Chr. 29: 24. 2 Chr. 32 : 3. also generally, a leader, chief, 1 Chr. 9: 26. 5. in a bad sense, violent, tyrannical. Ps. 52 : 3. 126: 4.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1368

I. גִּבּוֺר (approximate number of occurrences: 159) adjective and noun masculine — strong, mighty.

Cognates:

• Arabic جَبَّار (one who magnifies himself, behaves proudly, a tyrant, who is bold, audacious)

— גִּבּוֺר Genesis 10:9 (5 times); גִּבֹּר Genesis 10:8 (2 times); suffix גִּבּוֺרָם 1 Samuel 17:51; plural גִּבּוֺרִים Jeremiah 46:9 (27 times); גִּבֹּרִים Joshua 10:2 (21 times); construct גִּבּוֺרֵי 1 Chronicles 11:27 (29 times); גִּבֹּרֵי 1 Chronicles 9:26 (4 times); suffix גִּבּוֺרֶיךָ Hosea 10:13 + (variant reading suffixes 11 times).

1. As an adjective

a. Used of creatures and men

• גִּבּוֺר בַּבְּהֵמָה mightiest among beasts Proverbs 30:30
• אִישׁ גִּבּוֺר 1 Samuel 14:52
• גִּבּוֺר בָּאָרֶץ Psalm 112:2
• גִּבּוֺר צַיִד mighty in hunting Genesis 10:9 (Yahwist Source)
• מֶלֶךְ גִּבּוֹר Daniel 11:3

b. Used of God or the Messiah

• אֵל גִּבּוֹר the Messiah Isaiah 9:5
• As attribute of God (especially as fighting for his people): Psalm 24:8 (twice); Deuteronomy 10:17; Nehemiah 9:32; Isaiah 10:21; Jeremiah 32:18

2. As a noun masculine

a. Strong, valiant man

• Joshua 10:2 (Elohist Source)
• Genesis 6:4
• Genesis 10:8 (Yahwist Source)
• Judges 5:13, 23
• 1 Samuel 2:4 (16 times)
• 1 Kings 1:8, 10
• 2 Kings 24:16
• 1 Chronicles 1:10 (11 times)
• Ezra 7:28; Job 16:14
• Psalm 19:6; 33:16; 45:4; 52:3; 78:65; 89:20; 120:4; 127:4
• Proverbs 16:32; 21:22
• Song of Solomon 3:7 (twice); 4:4
• Ecclesiastes 9:11
• Isaiah 3:2; 13:3; 21:17; 42:13; 49:24–25
• Jeremiah 5:16 (17 times)
• Ezekiel 32:12 (5 times)
• Hosea 10:13
• Joel 2:7; 4:9–11
• Amos 2:14, 16; Obadiah 9
• Nahum 2:4; Zephaniah 1:14; 3:17
• Zechariah 9:13; 10:5, 7

b. Common phrases

• גִּבּוֹר חַיִל mighty man of valour Judges 6:12; 11:1; 1 Samuel 9:1; 16:18; 1 Kings 11:28; 2 Kings 5:1; 1 Chronicles 12:28; 28:1; 2 Chronicles 13:3; 17:16–17; 25:6; 32:21
• אִישׁ גִּבּוֹר חַיִל Ruth 2:1
• גִּבּוֹרֵי הַחַיִל Joshua 1:14 (Deuteronomist Source); 6:2; 10:7 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); 2 Kings 15:20; 24:14
• אִישׁ גִּבּוֹרֵי הַחַיִל Joshua 8:3
• גִּבּוֹרֵי חַיִל 1 Chronicles 5:24 (14 times); Nehemiah 11:14
• גִּבּוֹרֵי חֲיָלִים 1 Chronicles 7:5, 7, 11, 40
• גִּבּוֹרֵי הַחֲיָלִים 1 Chronicles 11:26
• גִּבּוֹרֵי כֹחַ Psalm 103:20
• גִּבּוֹרֵי מִלְחָמָה 2 Chronicles 13:3
• גִּבּוֹרֵי הַשּׁוֹעֲרִים 1 Chronicles 9:26
• בֵּית הַגִּבּוֹרִים Nehemiah 3:16
• (הַ)צָּבָא הַגִּבּוֹרִים 2 Samuel 10:7; 1 Chronicles 19:8
• רָאשֵׁי הַגִּבּוֹרִים 1 Chronicles 11:10
• גִּבּוֹרִים לִשְׁתּוֹת valiant to drink Isaiah 5:22

¹ Yahwist Source.

² Elohist Source.

³ Deuteronomist Source.

⁴ Jehovist-Elohist Source.

⁵ Klostermann, August. Die Bücher Samuelis und der Könige (1887).

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: δυνατοὶ δυνατὸσ ἰσχυροὶ δυνατῶν γίγασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1368:

δυνατοὶ 19× (11.6%)

δυνατὸσ 15× (9.3%)

ἰσχυροὶ 12× (7.5%)

δυνατῶν 12× (6.5%)

γίγασ 6× (3.6%)

δυνατοῖσ 6× (3.3%)

ὡσ 6× (3.7%)

μαχηταὶ 5× (2.7%)

δυνατοὺσ 5× (2.9%)

δυνατὸν 4× (2.6%)

תאכלו תֹּאכֵלוּ

you all are eating

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אכל

ʼâkal

Definition

to eat (literally or figuratively)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively); [idiom] at all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up), feed (with), food, [idiom] freely, [idiom] in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay) meat, [idiom] quite.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H398

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָכַל

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 123

prop. to annihilate, to rub away, hence 1. to eat, applied to men. 2. to animals, figuratively, to devour somewhat.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָכַל

verb • Page 48

1. To eat; applied to men and animals. Figuratively applied to the sword, fire, hunger, and pestilence. 2. To consume, destroy (Deut. 7:16; Jer. 10:25). 3. To enjoy (Prov. 30:20). Includes various forms: Niph. (to be eaten), Pu. (to be consumed), Hiph. (to feed/cause to eat), Hoph. (to be made shorter).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H398

I. אָכַל (approximate number of occurrences: 806) verb — eat, devour.

Cognates:

• Arabic أكل
• Assyrian akâlu (Friedrich Delitzsch¹, W. Wright²)
• Aramaic אֲכַל, Syriac ܐܟܠ

Qal

Perfect אָכַל Exodus 34:28 +; אָכְלָה Numbers 21:28 +; etc. Imperfect יֹאכַל Genesis 49:27 +; וַיֹּאכַל Genesis 25:34 +; וַיֹּאכֵל Genesis 3:6 +; יֹאכֵל Leviticus 21:22 +; אֹכַל Genesis 24:33 +; וָּאֹכֵל Genesis 27:33; וְאֹכֵל Isaiah 44:19; וָּאֹכֵל Genesis 3:12, Genesis 3:13; 3 plural יֹאכְלוּ Genesis 32:33 +; יֹאכֵלוּ Deuteronomy 18:18 +; etc. (for יוצְלוּ Ezekiel 42:5 read יוצְלוּ, יֹאצְלוּ compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar³ §5 Ew Co); suffix יֹאכְלֶנוּ Leviticus 7:6 +; תֹּאכְלֵם Isaiah 33:11, etc., probably also תְּאָכְלָהוּ Job 20:26, either as secondary form from תֹּאכַל (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §253 Di) or textual error (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §68.1) > Pi`el, Thes Kö I, 389; or Po`el, Ki De MV; Imperative אֱכֹל 1 Kings 18:41 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָכֹל Genesis 2:16 +; construct אֲכֹל Numbers 26:10 (2 times); לֶאֱכֹל Genesis 24:33 +; לְאָכְלָה Jeremiah 12:9; Participle אֹכֵל (אוֹכֵל) Genesis 39:6 +, אֹכֶלֶת Exodus 24:17 +, etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Eat (human subject)

• Genesis 3:11, Genesis 3:18 + often; mostly with accusative Exodus 16:35 +; also followed by מִן (eat of, — some of, — or from) Exodus 34:15; Ruth 2:14 +; followed by בְּ (eat of or at) Exodus 12:43 f; absolute Deuteronomy 2:6 +; as act of worship Genesis 31:54 (compare Genesis 46:1) Exodus 18:12; Exodus 24:11; Exodus 34:15; Deuteronomy 12:7, Deuteronomy 12:18; Deuteronomy 14:23, Deuteronomy 14:26 +; compare of priests Exodus 29:32; Leviticus 10:13 +; compare אָכַל אֵל הָרִים Ezekiel 18:6, Ezekiel 18:11, Ezekiel 18:15; Ezekiel 22:9 + Ezekiel 33:25 עַל הָדָם Co עַל הָרִים; (but RS Rel. Semitic i. 324 N would emend first 4 by last); eat up, finish eating Genesis 43:2 (with כָּלָה) 1 Kings 13:28 +; אָכַל לֶחֶם = take a meal Genesis 43:25; Exodus 2:20; 1 Samuel 20:24; Jeremiah 41:1 +; so לֶחֶם alone Genesis 43:16; 1 Samuel 20:5 +; לֶחֶם לֶאֱכֹל = eat, get food Genesis 3:19; 2 Kings 4:8 +; Amos 7:12 (i.e. spend one's life) compare Ecclesiastes 5:16; לֹא לֶאֱכֹל i.e. fast 1 Samuel 28:20; 1 Samuel 30:12; Ezra 10:6 compare Daniel 10:3; figurative אֵת בְּשָׂרִי לֶאֱכֹל Ecclesiastes 4:5 (i.e. waste away); eat words Jeremiah 15:16 (i.e. eagerly receive); of adultery, Proverbs 30:20 אָכְלָה וּמָחֲתָה מִפִּיהָ וְאָמְרָה לֹא פָעַלְתִּי אָוֶן; eat (taste) good fortune, בַּטּוֹב לֶאֱכֹל Job 21:25; לְמִי אָכְלוּ according to his eating, i.e. according to his needs in eating Exodus 12:4; Exodus 16:16, Exodus 16:18 also Exodus 16:21; compare Job 20:21 & below אָכְלָה; אָכַל הַמָּרִי 2 Kings 19:29; Amos 9:14, of peaceful enjoyment of results of labour; figurative of receiving consequences of action, good or bad Proverbs 1:31; Proverbs 18:21; Hosea 10:13 compare וַיֹּאכַל גַּם אֲכֹלֵי אֶת כַּסְמִי Genesis 31:15 i.e. he has reaped all the benefit, compare Hosea 7:9; figurative of mourner, אֵפֶר כָּל לֶחֶם אָכָלְתִּי Psalm 102:10 (compare Psalm 80:6 Hiph`il, & Assyrian akâl al âkul, bikîtum kurmatî = food I ate not, weeping (was) my refreshment Hpt ASKT 166 f. Obsev. 1. 21, 22 Zim BP 34. 42); of gods, partaking of sacrifices Deuteronomy 32:38; figurative = destroy Deuteronomy 7:16 (compare Numbers 14:9); compare Jeremiah 10:25; Jeremiah 30:16; Jeremiah 50:7; Hosea 7:7.

b. Of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour

• Genesis 37:20, Genesis 37:33; Genesis 40:17, Genesis 40:19; 1 Kings 13:28; 1 Kings 14:11; 1 Kings 16:4; 1 Kings 21:23, 1 Kings 21:24; Hosea 2:14 +; specifically of locusts Joel 1:4; Joel 2:25; 2 Chronicles 7:13 compare Amos 4:9; moth Job 13:28; flies Psalm 78:45; worms Deuteronomy 28:39; also Ezekiel 19:3, Ezekiel 19:6 (of Israel under figure of lion), compare Jeremiah 50:7, Jeremiah 50:17; Jeremiah 51:34; also Hosea 13:8 (of יְהוָה under fig. of lion), Ezekiel 22:25 (נֶפֶשׁ אֹכְלִים, of false prophets under figure of lion).

c. Figurative of fire, devour, consume

• Leviticus 6:3 (followed by 2 accusative consume offering to ashes) Nahum 3:13; Isaiah 5:24 (in simile), particular of fire from יְהוָה Leviticus 10:2; Leviticus 16:25; Judges 9:15 f 1 Kings 18:38; 2 Kings 1:10, 2 Kings 1:12, 2 Kings 1:14; 2 Chronicles 7:1; compare Amos 1:4, Amos 1:7, Amos 1:10, Amos 1:12, Amos 1:14; Amos 2:2, Amos 2:5; Amos 5:6 +; Deuteronomy 5:22 of fire at Sinai; of יְהוָה as fire (in judgment) Deuteronomy 4:24 אֵל קַנָּא אֹכְלָה הוּא אֵשׁ אֹכְלָה; compare Deuteronomy 9:3; Isaiah 10:17 ("" בָּעַר) Isaiah 30:27, Isaiah 30:30; Isaiah 33:14 ("" מֹקֵד עוֹלָם).

d. Of sword, devour, slay

• Deuteronomy 32:42; 2 Samuel 22:26; 2 Samuel 11:25; 2 Samuel 18:8; Hosea 11:6; Jeremiah 2:30; Jeremiah 12:12; compare of devastation of land Isaiah 1:7; Jeremiah 8:16.

e. In general, devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subject)

• Of drought Genesis 31:40; of pestilence Ezekiel 7:15; of woods 2 Samuel 18:8; compare Leviticus 26:38 וְאָכְלָה אֶתְכֶם אֶרֶץ אֹיְבֵיכֶם; of הַבֹּשֶׁת Jeremiah 3:24 (see בֹּשֶׁת).

f. Figurative of oppression, devour the poor, etc.

• Proverbs 30:14; Habakkuk 3:14 compare Psalm 14:4; of bitter enmity לֶאֱכֹל אֶת בְּשַׂרִי Psalm 27:2. (compare Job 19:22).

Niph`al

Perfect וְנֶאֱכַל consecutive Exodus 22:5 Imperfect יֵּאָכֵל Genesis 6:21 +; וַיֵּאָכֵל Numbers 12:12, etc.; Infinitive absolute הֵּאָכֵל Leviticus 7:18; Leviticus 19:7; Participle feminine נֶּאֱכֶלֶת Leviticus 11:47; —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Be eaten by man

• Exodus 12:46; Exodus 13:3, Exodus 13:7; Exodus 21:28; Exodus 29:34; Leviticus 6:9; Leviticus 6:16; Leviticus 6:19; Leviticus 6:23; Leviticus 7:6, Leviticus 7:15, Leviticus 7:16 (twice in verse); Leviticus 7:18; Leviticus 11:41; Leviticus 19:6; Leviticus 19:7; Leviticus 19:23; Leviticus 22:30; Leviticus 28:17; Ezekiel 45:21; of custom, usage Genesis 6:21; Exodus 12:16; Deuteronomy 12:22; Job 6:6; of permission to eat Leviticus 7:19; Leviticus 11:13, Leviticus 11:34, Leviticus 11:47 (twice in verse); Leviticus 17:13; with negative be uneatable Jeremiah 24:2, Jeremiah 24:3, Jeremiah 24:8; Jeremiah 29:17.

b. Be devoured by fire, consumed

• Zephaniah 1:18; Zephaniah 3:8; Zechariah 9:4; Ezekiel 23:25.

c. Be wasted, destroyed

• Of flesh Numbers 12:12; Jeremiah 30:16.

Pu`al

Perfect אֻכַּל be consumed with fire Nehemiah 2:3, Nehemiah 2:13 compare Nahum 1:10 (figurative); so Participle אֻכָּל (= מְאֻכָּל compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §169 d) Exodus 3:2; by sword Isaiah 1:20 תְּאֻכַּלִים.

Hiph`il

Perfect 2 masculine singular suffix הֶאֱכַלְתָּם Psalm 80:6, וְהַאֲכַלְתִּי Isaiah 49:26; suffix וְהַאֲכַלְתִּיךָ consecutive Isaiah 58:14; הֶאֱכַלְתִּיהוּ Ezekiel 16:19; וְהַאֲכַלְתִּים consecutive Jeremiah 19:9; Imperfect suffix יַאֲכִלֶנּוּ Numbers 11:4, Numbers 11:18, etc.; 2 masculine singular תַּאֲכִל; 1 singular אַכִּיל Hosea 11:4; Imperative הַאֲכִילָהוּ Proverbs 25:21, etc.; Infinitive לְהַאֲכִיל Ezekiel 21:33 (but Co לְהַלִּים, q. v.); Participle מַאֲכִיל Jeremiah 23:15, etc.; —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Cause to eat, feed with, followed by 2 accusative subject mostly יְהוָה

• Exodus 16:32; Deuteronomy 8:3, Deuteronomy 8:16; Ezekiel 3:2; Jeremiah 19:9; absolute Hosea 11:4; compare Numbers 11:4, Numbers 11:18; figurative Jeremiah 9:14; Jeremiah 23:15; Isaiah 49:26; Isaiah 58:14; Ezekiel 16:19; also Psalm 80:6 הֶאֱכַלְתָּם לֶחֶם דִּמְעָה (compare Psalm 102:10 Qal above); followed by accusative of person + מִן Psalm 81:17, but also subject man Proverbs 25:21; 1 Kings 22:27; 2 Chronicles 18:26 וְהַאֲכִילָהוּ לֶחֶם לָחַץ of prison fare; followed by accusative of person only 2 Chronicles 28:15, compare Ezekiel 2:3.

b. Cause to devour, object sword

• Ezekiel 21:33 (but on text see Co).

Pe`al (Aramaic)

Perfect 3 masculine plural אֲכַלִּו Daniel 3:8; Daniel 6:25; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵאכַל Daniel 4:30; 3 feminine singular תֵּאכַל Daniel 7:23; Imperative feminine singular אֲכַלִּי Daniel 7:5; Participle feminine singular אָכְלָה, Daniel 7:7; Daniel 7:9; —

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Eat, of beast, accusative of thing

• Daniel 4:30.

b. Devour, of beast in vision, accusative of thing, absolute

• Daniel 7:5, Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:19; hence figurative of kingdom, devour, devastate, accusative of earth Daniel 7:23.

c. In phrase קְרָצֵיהוֹן אֲכַלִּו

• Daniel 3:8 eat their pieces, i.e. slander them, compare Daniel 6:25 (see קָרַץ).

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrian dictionary.

² W. Wright, Assyrian dictionary.

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Verb Qal imperfect second person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0398:

No stats available

ודם וְדַם־

and blood

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

דם

dâm

Definition

blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshed (i.e. drops of blood)

Root

from H1826 (דמם) (compare H119 (אדם));

Exhaustive

from דמם (compare אדם); blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshed (i.e. drops of blood); blood(-y, -guiltiness, (-thirsty), [phrase] innocent.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1818

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דָּם

noun masculine • Root דמה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 371

Blood, properly something viscous and flowing; can refer to the blood of animals or men, menstrual flux, life, blood-guiltiness, murder, or bloodshed.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דָּם

m. prim. const. • Page 168

1. blood. (Gen. 9:5). Phrases: 'to eat (flesh) with the blood' (1 Sam. 14:32ff); 'innocent blood' (2 K. 21:16); 'blood of grapes' (red wine, Gen. 49:11). 2. bloodshed, murder, bloodguiltiness. (Gen. 37:26, Lev. 17:4).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1818

I. דָּם (approximate number of occurrences: 360) noun masculine — blood.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Arabic دم
• Ethiopic ደም
• Assyrian damu¹
• Aramaic דַּם, דְּמָא, ܕܡܐ

— דָּם absolute Genesis 37:22 (154 times); construct דַּם Genesis 9:6 (62 times); suffix דָּמִי 1 Samuel 26:20 (3 times); דָּֽמְךָ 2 Samuel 1:16 (Qr; Kt דמיך); דָּמוֹ Genesis 9:4 (30 times); plural דָּמִים Exodus 4:25 (35 times); construct דְּמֵי Genesis 4:10 (18 times); suffix דָּמֶיךָ 2 Samuel 1:16 (Kt); דְּמֵיהֶם Leviticus 20:11 etc.

1. Blood of man or animal

Identified with the life (נֶפֶשׁ):

• Genesis 9:4 (Priests' Code)
• Deuteronomy 12:23
• Leviticus 17:14 (Holiness Code)
• (+ נֶפֶשׁ הַבָּשָׂר בַּדָּם הִוא) Leviticus 17:11 (Holiness Code)
• Psalm 72:14

Blood of animals not to be eaten:

• Leviticus 3:17, 7:26–27 (Priests' Code)
• Leviticus 17:10, 12, 14, 19:26 (Holiness Code)
• 1 Samuel 14:32, 33, 34
• Ezekiel 33:25

2. Usually blood become visible

a. As from a wound

• הַמַּכָּה דָּם 1 Kings 22:35
• Licked by dogs 1 Kings 21:19
• From the nose Proverbs 30:33
• Bloody issue of a woman Leviticus 15:19, 12:4–5, 12:7 (Priests' Code)
• Of goat Genesis 37:31 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

b. Often object of שָׁפַךְ, spill, shed

• Genesis 9:6 (Priests' Code)
• Genesis 37:22 (Elohist Source)
• 1 Kings 2:31
• שֹׁפֵךְ דָּם a blood-shedder Ezekiel 18:10
• Psalm 79:3

c. Blood of slain

• דַּם חָלָל Deuteronomy 32:42
• 2 Samuel 1:22
• Numbers 23:24 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

d. Innocent blood (shed with injustice)

• דָּם נָקִי Deuteronomy 21:8, 9
• 1 Samuel 19:5
• 2 Kings 21:16
• דָּם נָקִיא Joel 4:19; Jonah 1:14

e. Avenger of blood (גֹּאֵל הַדָּם)

• Numbers 35:19, 21, 24 (Priests' Code)
• Deuteronomy 19:6, 12
• Joshua 20:3

f. Plural דָּמִים of abundance or stains

• Crying for vengeance Genesis 4:10, 11 (Jehovist Source)
• דְּמֵי ירושׁלם blood-stains of Jerusalem Isaiah 4:4
• Lie in wait for blood Proverbs 1:11

g. Guilt of bloodshed, blood-guiltiness

• Exodus 22:1
• Psalm 51:16
• בּוֺא בְדָמִים 1 Samuel 25:26, 33

h. In phrases denoting character

• חֲתַן דָּמִים bloody bridegroom Exodus 4:25–26
• אִישׁ דָּמִים bloody man 2 Samuel 16:8
• עִיר דָּמִים bloody city Nahum 3:1; Ezekiel 22:2

i. Responsibility for death

• דָּמָיו בּוֺ his blood is upon him Leviticus 20:9, 11, 13 (Holiness Code)
• דָּמוֺ בְּראֹשׁוֺ Joshua 2:19

j. Water turned into blood

• Exodus 4:9 (Jehovist Source)
• Exodus 7:19, 21 (Priests' Code)
• Moon into blood Joel 2:4; 3:3

3. Blood used with religious significance

a. Blood of Passover lamb and Covenant

• Exodus 12:7, 13 (Priests' Code)
• דַּם הַבְּרִית blood of the covenant Exodus 24:8 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

b. Blood used in ritual

• Atonement Leviticus 17:11 (Holiness Code)
• Thrown on altar (זָרַק) Exodus 29:16; Leviticus 1:5; Ezekiel 43:18
• Sprinkled (הִזָּה) toward veil or holy of holies Leviticus 4:6, 16:14, 15
• Applied to horns of altar Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7

4. Figurative of wine

• דַּם עֲנָבִים blood of grapes Genesis 49:11; Deuteronomy 32:14

¹ Friedrich Norris, Assyrian Dictionary (London, 1868–72).

² Heinrich Zimmern, Babylonische Busspsalmen (Leipzig, 1885).

³ W. Robertson Smith, Lectures on the Religion of the Semites (Edinburgh, 1889).

⁴ W. Robertson Smith, The Old Testament in the Jewish Church (2nd ed., London, 1892).

⁵ Variorum Bible, ed. T. K. Cheyne et al. (London, 1880–92).

Conjunction, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: αἷμα αἵματοσ αἵματι αἵματα αἱμάτων

LXX Usage Statistics

H1818:

αἷμα 181× (46.7%)

αἵματοσ 68× (16.2%)

αἵματι 23× (5.7%)

αἵματα 17× (4.2%)

αἱμάτων 16× (4.4%)

αὐτῆσ 12× (2.3%)

αἷμά 7× (1.7%)

αἵμασιν 7× (1.6%)

'' 7× (1.7%)

ἔνοχοί 5× (1.5%)

נשיאי נְשִׂיאֵי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נשיא

nâsîyʼ

Definition

properly, an exalted one, i.e. a king or sheik; also a rising mist

Root

or נשא; from H5375 (נשא);

Exhaustive

or נשא; from נשא; properly, an exalted one, i.e. a king or sheik; also a rising mist; captain, chief, cloud, governor, prince, ruler, vapour.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5387

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָשִׂיא

noun masculine • Root נשא • Strongs / High • Page 995

1. an exalted, distinguished one, hence a prince, applied to kings, heads or princes of tribes, heads of families, generals. 2. one bearing, a bearer. 3. (only pl.) ascending vapour, a cloud.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָשִׂיא

noun masculine • Root נשא • Page 460

m. strictly part. pass. from נָשָׂא. 1. a prince. 1 K. 11: 34. Ezek. 12 : 10. Num. 7: 11 ff. 2. plur. נְשִׂיאִים vapours, which form clouds. Jer. 10 : 13. 51: 16. Ps. 135: 7. Prov. 25: 14.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5387

I. נָשִׂיא (approximate number of occurrences: 128) noun masculine — one lifted up, i.e. a chief prince.

— נָשִׂיא absolute Exodus 22:27 +; construct נְשִׂיא Genesis 23:6 +; plural נְשִׂיאִים Joshua 22:32 +, נְשִׂאִים Exodus 34:31 (7 times), נְשִׂיאִם Genesis 17:20 (3 times), נְשִׂאִם Exodus 35:27; construct נְשִׂיאֵי Exodus 16:22 +; suffix נְשִׂיאַי Ezekiel 45:8, נְשִׂיאֶיהָ Ezekiel 32:29, נְשִׂיאֵיהֶם Numbers 17:21, נְשִׂיאֵהֶם Numbers 17:17, etc.; — mostly in Israel:

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Chief man

• נ׳ בְּעַמְּךָ of any chief man, Exodus 22:27 (Elohist Source; human ruler, over against אֱלֹהִים)

b. Of Solomon

• 1 Kings 11:34. (Elsewhere only Ezekiel, P, Chronicles)

c. Patriarchs and Ishmaelite tribes

• Of Abraham Genesis 23:6
• Heads of Ishmaelite tribes Genesis 17:20; Genesis 25:16

d. Rulers of the congregation

• נְשִׂיאֵי הָעֵדָה Exodus 16:22; Joshua 9:15, 18; Joshua 22:30
• הַנּ׳ בָּעֵדָה Exodus 34:31
• Compare Exodus 35:27; Leviticus 4:22; Joshua 9:18b; Joshua 9:19, 21 (twice in verse); Joshua 17:4; Joshua 22:14 (3 times in verse); Joshua 22:32 (Priests' Code)

e. Tribal chiefs and representatives

• According to the religious organization of P, Numbers 1:16, 44; Numbers 2:3, and 57 times in Numbers (especially chapters 2, 7, 34; note נְשִׂיא נְשִׂיאֵי הַלֵּוִי Numbers 3:32)
• Compare 1 Chronicles 2:10; 1 Chronicles 4:38; 1 Chronicles 5:6; 1 Chronicles 7:40; 2 Chronicles 1:2; also 1 Kings 8:1 (probably gloss, omitted by ᵐ5³), 2 Chronicles 5:2

2. Usage in Ezekiel

a. Of Zedekiah

• Ezekiel 7:27; Ezekiel 12:10, 12; Ezekiel 21:30 (see Böhmer⁴)
• + Ezekiel 19:1 (read singular ᵐ5)

b. Chief men of Judah

• Ezekiel 21:17; Ezekiel 22:6; Ezekiel 45:8, 9

c. Future Davidic king

• Ezekiel 34:24; Ezekiel 37:25, compare Ezekiel 44:3 (twice in verse) + 16 times in Ezekiel 45, 46, 48

d. Foreign princes

• Ezekiel 26:16; Ezekiel 27:21; Ezekiel 30:13; Ezekiel 32:29; Ezekiel 38:2, 3; Ezekiel 39:1, 18

3. Other occurrences

• Leader of exiles: returning under Cyrus, according to Ezra 1:8
• Non-Israel chiefs: in P: Genesis 34:2; Numbers 25:18; Joshua 13:21

---

II. [נָשִׂיא] noun masculine — rising mist, vapour.

Cognates:

• Arabic نَشِيء, نَشَاء

— only plural נְשִׂאִים vapours, forming clouds, and portending rain, Jeremiah 10:13 = Jeremiah 51:16, Psalm 135:7, נְשִׂיאִים Proverbs 25:14.

¹ Elohist Source.

² Priests' Code / Narrative.

³ Septuagint.

⁴ Julius Böhmer, "Die Bedeutung von נָשִׂיא in Ezekiel," Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) (1900), 112 ff.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: ἄρχων ἄρχοντεσ ἀρχόντων ἀφηγούμενοσ ἄρχοντα

LXX Usage Statistics

H5387a:

ἄρχων 47× (35.2%)

ἄρχοντεσ 21× (14.9%)

ἀρχόντων 10× (7.5%)

ἀφηγούμενοσ 7× (4.9%)

ἄρχοντα 6× (4.8%)

νεφέλασ 3× (2.5%)

--- 3× (2.5%)

ἄρχοντι 3× (2.3%)

ἀφηγούμενοι 3× (2.2%)

ἄρχοντασ 3× (2.2%)

הארץ הָאָרֶץ

the Earthly One

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ארץ

ʼerets

Definition

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

Root

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm;

Exhaustive

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth (at large, or partitively a land); [idiom] common, country, earth, field, ground, land, [idiom] natins, way, [phrase] wilderness, world.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H776

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

(Not used) To be hard, firm, dense. (Root of the following noun)

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

Earth, as firm land i.e. a dense firm mass, in opposition to water. Includes meanings: a) the earth in opposition to heaven; b) earth as an element/material; c) the ground; d) piece of land/field; e) land of habitation or fatherland.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

noun masculine • Page 73

Earth, land. (masc. rarely, Gen. 13: 6; Is. 9: 18).

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Page 74

1. earth; also inhabitants of the earth, Gen. 6:11. 11:1. 2. land; e.g. אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם the land of Egypt. Sometimes Palestine, Joel 1:2. 3. jurisdiction of a city. Josh. 8:1. Plur. אֲרָצוֹת lands.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H776

I. אֶרֶץ (approximate number of occurrences: 2407) noun feminine Genesis 10:11 & (seldom) masculine Genesis 13:16 — earth, land.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אֶרֶץ
• Assyrian irṣitu (compare COT Glossary)
• Arabic أرض
• Sabean אֶרֶץ (for example, Osiris 9, DHM ZMG 1875, 594, 614; Semitic Sprachforschung 12, compare Prä BAS i. 374 note)
• Aramaic אַרְעָא, ܐܪܥܐ

— אֶרֶץ absolute Genesis 1:24 +; construct Genesis 2:11 +; אָרֶץ Genesis 1:10 +; with article always הָאָרֶץ Genesis 1:11 +; with הָ locative אַרְצָה Genesis 11:31 +, (this form also in poetry = אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +); suffix אַרְצִי Job 20:15 +; (אַרְצֶנּוּ) אַרְצְכֶם Job 12:1 +, etc.; plural אֲרָצוֹת Jeremiah 28:8 (65 times); construct אַרְצוֹת Ezekiel 39:27 (6 times); suffix אַרְצֹתָם Genesis 10:5 (2 times).

1. Forms and Grammatical Notes

• Absolute: אֶרֶץ — Genesis 1:24 +
• Construct: אַרְצֵי — Genesis 2:11 +
• With article: הָאָרֶץ — Genesis 1:11 +
• Locative: אַרְצָה — Genesis 11:31 + (also in poetry equivalent to אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +)
• Suffix forms:
  • אַרְצִי — Job 20:15 +
  • אַרְצְכֶם — Job 12:1 +
• Plural:
  • Absolute: אֲרָצוֹת — Jeremiah 28:8 (65 times)
  • Construct: אַרְצוֹת — Ezekiel 39:27 (6 times)
  • Suffix: אַרְצֹתָם — Genesis 10:5 (2 times)

2. Meanings and Uses

a. Earth (whole earth, opposed to a part)

• Genesis 18:18, Genesis 18:25
• Genesis 22:18 (= הָאֲדָמָה Genesis 12:3)
• Jeremiah 25:26, Jeremiah 25:29, Jeremiah 25:30
• Jeremiah 26:6
• Isaiah 37:16, Isaiah 37:20 = 2 Kings 19:15
• 2 Kings 19:19
• Zechariah 4:10, Zechariah 4:14 +

b. Earth, opposed to heaven or sky

• Genesis 1:2
• Exodus 20:4
• Deuteronomy 5:8
• Deuteronomy 30:19
• Judges 5:4
• Lamentations 2:1
• Isaiah 37:16 = 2 Kings 19:15
• Psalm 146:6
• 1 Chronicles 21:16
• 1 Chronicles 29:11
• 2 Chronicles 2:11 +
• As permanent: Ecclesiastes 1:4
• Built on foundations or pillars: 1 Samuel 2:8; Psalm 104:5; Job 38:4; Isaiah 48:13; Isaiah 51:13, Isaiah 51:16
• Compare also: Isaiah 24:18; Psalm 82:5
• Firm, shaking as terrible: 1 Samuel 14:4; 2 Samuel 22:8 = Psalm 18:8; Job 9:6; compare Psalm 46:2 & Psalm 46:6
• Also: Amos 8:8; Isaiah 2:19, Isaiah 2:21; Isaiah 24:18, Isaiah 24:19, Isaiah 24:20; Psalm 60:4; Psalm 77:19; Psalm 99:1; Psalm 114:7
• Hung on nothing: Job 26:7
• With waters under it: Exodus 20:4 = Deuteronomy 5:8; compare Genesis 7:11
• Personified, addressed: Deuteronomy 32:1; Jeremiah 6:19; Jeremiah 22:29; Isaiah 1:2; Micah 1:2; Job 16:18

c. Earth = inhabitants of earth

• Genesis 6:11
• 1 Kings 2:2
• 1 Kings 10:24
• Psalm 33:8
• Psalm 66:4
• תְּהִלַּת כָּל הָאָרֶץ Proverbs 8:31
• Job 37:12

2. Land (country, territory)

• a. Country, territory: שִׁנְעַר הָאָרֶץ Genesis 10:10; מִצְרַיִם הָאָרֶץ Genesis 21:21; compare also Genesis 10:11; Genesis 11:28, Genesis 11:31; Genesis 13:10; Genesis 47:6, Genesis 47:27; Genesis 50:8; Isaiah 7:18; Isaiah 23:1; Isaiah 23:13; Isaiah 27:13; Psalm 78:12; Jeremiah 25:20; 1 Chronicles 1:43; personified Isaiah 62:4; Ecclesiastes 10:16, Ecclesiastes 10:17
• b. District, region: Genesis 19:28; Genesis 22:2; Joshua 11:3; Psalm 42:7
• c. Tribal territory: Deuteronomy 34:2; Judges 21:21; 1 Samuel 9:4, 1 Samuel 9:16; 1 Samuel 13:7; 1 Kings 15:20; Isaiah 8:23; and smaller territories 1 Samuel 9:4, 1 Samuel 9:5
• d. Piece of ground: Genesis 23:15
• e. Specifically land of Canaan or Israel: Genesis 11:31; Genesis 12:1; Genesis 12:5; Genesis 12:6; Genesis 12:7; Genesis 31:3; Exodus 14:34; Deuteronomy 17:14; Deuteronomy 18:9; 2 Kings 5:2, 2 Kings 5:4 +; especially object of יָרַשׁ possess Deuteronomy 3:20 (Deuteronomy, Psalms and elsewhere); so after נָחַל Joshua 19:49 +; נָתַן Deuteronomy 1:21 +
• f. = Inhabitants of land: Leviticus 19:29; Ezekiel 14:13; Deuteronomy 24:4; Zechariah 12:12 etc.
• g. Used of Sheol: Job 10:21, Job 10:22 (compare Assyrian irṣit la târat, land without return, in Descent of Ishtar, see Jeremiah 10:65); see also Psalm 139:15; Isaiah 44:23

3. Ground, surface of ground = אֲדָמָה

• Genesis 1:26, Genesis 1:30
• Genesis 18:2
• Genesis 33:3
• Genesis 38:9
• Exodus 4:3
• Exodus 16:4
• Ruth 2:10
• 1 Samuel 5:4 + very often in Samuel

4. Soil, as productive = אֲדָמָה

• Genesis 1:11, Genesis 1:12
• Leviticus 19:9
• Leviticus 25:9
• Leviticus 26:4; compare Numbers 14:7, Numbers 14:8
• Isaiah 36:7 = 2 Kings 18:32
• Psalm 72:6
• Psalm 72:16
• Psalm 107:34
• Psalm 107:35
• Ezra 9:12
• Nehemiah 9:35

5. Phrases

• a. People of the land: עַם הָאָרֶץ of non-Israelites Genesis 23:7, Genesis 23:12, Genesis 23:13 (P) Numbers 14:9 (JE); as well as Israel Leviticus 20:4 (H) 2 Kings 15:5; 2 Kings 16:15; 2 Kings 21:24 (twice in verse); especially common people, opposed to officials, princes Leviticus 4:27 (P) Ezekiel 7:27; 2 Kings 11:18, 2 Kings 11:19
• b. In measurements of distance: כִּבְרַת הָאָרֶץ the space or distance of country (see כִּבְרָה) Genesis 35:16, so כִּבְרַת אֶרֶץ some distance Genesis 48:7; 2 Kings 5:19
• c. Country of the plain: אֶרֶץ הַמִּישׁוֹר Deuteronomy 4:33; Jeremiah 48:21; מִישׁוֹר הָאָרֶץ figurative Psalm 143:10 (but read אֹרַח according to Bi, Gr, Che, compare Psalm 27:11)
• d. Land of the living: חַיִּים הָאָרֶץ Psalm 27:13; הַחַיִּים הָאָרֶץ Psalm 142:6
• e. Ends of the earth: קְצֵה הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 42:10; Isaiah 43:6 (|| רָחוֹק) Psalm 135:7; Proverbs 17:24, so אַפְסֵי אֶרֶץ Proverbs 30:4 +; קְצוֹת הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 40:28; Isaiah 41:5, Isaiah 41:9

6. Plural אֲרָצוֹת

The plural אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late, Jeremiah 16:15 (6 times Jeremiah); 23 times Ezekiel; Isaiah 36:20; Isaiah 37:11 = 2 Kings 18:35; 2 Kings 19:11 (Isaiah 37:18 read הַגּוֹיִם see Che Di & compare 2 Kings 19:17); 22 times Chronicles; Daniel 9:7; Daniel 11:40, Daniel 11:42; Psalm 105:44; Psalm 106:27; Psalm 107:3; Psalm 116:9; besides these only P Genesis 10:5, Genesis 10:20, Genesis 10:31; Leviticus 26:36, Leviticus 26:39, except Genesis 26:3, Genesis 26:4 (J R) Genesis 41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc., see especially absolute Ezekiel 20:32; Ezekiel 22:4; = the various petty divisions of Canaan afterward united under Israel's control Genesis 26:3, Genesis 26:4, compare 1 Chronicles 13:2 אַרְצוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2 Chronicles 11:23 אַרְצוֹת יְהוּדָה.

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

³ t. times (following a number).

⁴ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁵ ? Sign of doubt.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ P Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁸ JE Jehovist-Elohist Source.

⁹ H Holiness Code.

¹⁰ R Redactor.

¹¹ Bi G. Bickell.

¹² Gr G. Gesenius.

¹³ Che T. K. Cheyne.

¹⁴ Di A. Dillmann.

¹⁵ DHM D. H. Müller.

¹⁶ ZMG Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft.

¹⁷ BAS Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft.

¹⁸ COT Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0776:

No stats available

תשתו תִּשְׁתּוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שתה

shâthâh

Definition

to imbibe (literally or figuratively)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to imbibe (literally or figuratively); [idiom] assuredly, banquet, [idiom] certainly, drink(-er, -ing), drunk ([idiom] -ard), surely. (Prop. intensive of שקה.)

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8354

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁתָה

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1490

to drink (participle, future, perfect conjugations mentioned).

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁתָה

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1490

I. Properly to swallow, to suck in, to draw in moisture, and so to drink (applied to men and beasts). Metaphor: to revel, to banquet.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁתָה

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1491

I. Denotes properly to extend, spread out a carpet, couch, for a feast. Nif. נִשְׁתָּה to be drunk, of liquor (Lev. 11, 34).

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁתָה

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1491

II. (not used) trans. same as שָׁתַח II. to spin, to weave, to mix, to twist.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁתָה

verb • Root שית • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1491

III. (not used) trans. same as שִׁית I. to set, to erect, to place, to set up, of columns, pillars; modern Hebrew of bases, hence שִׁתָּה a base. Syr. foundation, root, basis, metaphor. buttock.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁתָה

verb • Page 703

1. to drink (Job 15:16, Prov. 26:6, Am. 6:6). 2. to sit at table, to banquet (Est. 7:1). Includes passive and Niph. forms.

שָׁתָה

verb • Page 703

to drink (Dan. 5:1, 2, 23). Also written שְׁתָא.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8354

I. שָׁתָה (approximate number of occurrences: 217) verb — drink.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Assyrian šatû
• Ethiopic ሰተየ
• Old Aramaic שתה
• Aramaic שְׁתָא, אִשְׁתִּי
• Sabean שתי¹

Qal

— Perfect 3 masculine singular שָׁתָה Exodus 34:28 +, 1 singular שָׁתִ֫יתִי 1 Samuel 1:15 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׁתֶּה Genesis 44:5 +, וַיִּשְׁתֶּה 1 Kings 19:8, usually וַיֵּשְׁתּ Genesis 9:21 +; jussive וְיֵשְׁתּ 1 Kings 13:18; 3 feminine singular וַתֵּשְׁתּ Numbers 20:11; 2 masculine singular with apocope תֵּשְׁתּ Judges 13:14 +, וַתֵּשְׁתּ 1 Kings 13:22; 1 singular וָאֵשְׁתּ Genesis 24:46; 3 masculine plural יִשְׁתָּי֑וּן Psalm 78:44, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שְׁתֵה Genesis 24:14 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute שָׁתֹה Isaiah 21:5; Jeremiah 49:12 (in 1 Samuel 1:9 anomalous³), שָׁתוֺ Jeremiah 25:28 +, שָׁתוֺת Isaiah 22:13; construct שְׁתוֺ Proverbs 31:4, שְׁתוֺת Jeremiah 35:8, 14, לִשְׁתֹּת Genesis 24:19 +, suffix שְׁתוֺתוֺ 1 Kings 13:33, לִשְׁתּוֺתָהּ Isaiah 51:22 etc.; Participle active שֹׁתֶה Isaiah 29:8 +, feminine שֹׁתָה Job 6:4, etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Of man: drink water, wine, etc.

• Exodus 34:28 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Exodus 15:24 (Jehovist Source)
• 1 Samuel 30:12
• Amos 2:8; Amos 4:8; Amos 5:11
• Isaiah 5:22; Isaiah 62:8–9
• milk Ezekiel 25:4; Songs 5:1
• blood 1 Chronicles 11:19 (figurative of water gained by hazard)
• figurative חֲמָתָם שֹׁתָה רוּחִי Job 6:4 whose venom [of arrows of Yahweh] my spirit drinks up
• accusative + מִן of source Exodus 7:18 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 7:21 (Elohist Source), Exodus 15:23 (Jehovist Source), Proverbs 5:15 (figurative)
• with בְּ of vessel Amos 6:6, compare Genesis 44:5; Proverbs 9:5

b. Participle as substantive

• שֹׁתֵי מַיִם Ezekiel 31:14, 16
• שֹׁתֵי יַיִן Joel 1:5
• שׁוֺתֵי שֵׁכָר Psalm 69:13

c. Partitive with מִן

• Genesis 9:21
• Exodus 7:24
• Ruth 2:9
• figurative Jeremiah 51:7

d. Drink in sacrificial feast

• Deuteronomy 32:38 (poem)
• blood of sacrificial victim Psalm 50:13 (figurative of Yahweh)

e. Subject animals

• Numbers 20:19
• Jonah 3:7
• figurative Ezekiel 34:18, 19
• Genesis 24:19, 22; Genesis 30:38

f. Figurative of drinking cup of Yahweh's wrath

• אֶת־כּוֹס חֲמָתוֹ Isaiah 51:17, 22
• Ezekiel 23:32, 34
• Jeremiah 25:16, 26, 27
• Habakkuk 2:16
• Obadiah 1:16
• מֵחֲמַת שַׁדַּי Job 21:20

g. Drink blood, figurative of slaughter

• Numbers 23:24 (Jehovist-Elohist Source; of lion, metaphor of Israel)
• Zechariah 9:15 (reading דָּמָם for הָמוּ)
• Ezekiel 39:17, 18, 19

h. Figurative of wicked deeds

• יֵין חֲמָסִים יִשְׁתּוּ Proverbs 4:17
• Job 15:16; Job 34:7
• Proverbs 26:6 (apparently = suffers violence)

2. Late usage

= feast:

• Esther 3:15
• Esther 7:1 (compare מִשְׁתֶּה)

Niphal

Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשָּׁתֶה Leviticus 11:34 (Priests' Code) all which is (may be) drunk, with בְּ of vessel.

— נִשְׁתָּ֑וָה Proverbs 27:15 see I. שׁוה. For cause, give, to drink see שׁקה.

¹ DHM (D.H. Müller) ZMG xxxvii (1883), 403; Hom (F. Hommel) Chr 124.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ Gesenius § 113e; omitted by ᵐ5 (Septuagint), Th (Thenius), We (Wellhausen), Dr (S.R. Driver).

⁴ Gesenius § 75n.

Verb Qal imperfect second person masculine plural

LXX: πιεῖν ἔπιον πίονται ἔπιεν πίεται

LXX Usage Statistics

H8354:

πιεῖν 34× (14.4%)

ἔπιον 19× (8.1%)

πίονται 12× (5.3%)

ἔπιεν 12× (4.9%)

πίεται 11× (4.8%)

πίεσαι 9× (4.1%)

πίνοντεσ 9× (3.6%)

πίεσθε 8× (3.4%)

πίνων 8× (3.7%)

πίε 7× (3.1%)

אילים אֵילִים

strong-leaders (rams)

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

איל

ʼayil

Definition

properly, strength; hence, anything strong; specifically a chief (politically); also a ram (from his strength); a pilaster (as a strong support); an oak or other strong tree

Root

from the same as H193 (אול);

Exhaustive

from the same as אול; properly, strength; hence, anything strong; specifically a chief (politically); also a ram (from his strength); a pilaster (as a strong support); an oak or other strong tree; mighty (man), lintel, oak, post, ram, tree.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H352

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֱיָל

noun masculine • Root אול • Lemma_Lookup • Page 113

Power; strength.

אִיל

stem • Lemma_Lookup • Page 112

(not used) an assumed stem to explain אֵיל, אִיל, אַיִל &c.

אִיל

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 130

Concrete: hero, mighty one; also ram, or strong tree (oak, terebinth). Distinguished from אֵל in the text.

אֵיל

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 112

1. power, strength, concr. hero, warrior, powerful one, chief.

אַיָּל

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 112

a stag, hart; described as springing or running swiftly.

אֵילָה

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 114

see אֵילוֹת

אֵילָה

unknown • Root חיל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 481

Power, capacity; hence the epithet of חָכָם (Hercules) in the proper name חִקּוּ חֵילָם (Hikkem of competent ability)

אַיָּלָה

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 113

Hind; female deer. Noted for its agility.

אֵילוֹן

noun proper • Root איל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 114

oak-grove, oak-bush; 1. proper noun of a town in the tribe of Dan; 2. proper noun of a Hittite; 3. proper noun of a judge belonging to Zebulun

אַיָּלוֹן

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 114

deerfield; proper noun of a Levitical city in the tribe of Dan; also a city in the territory of Zebulun

אֱיָלוּת

noun feminine • Root איל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 114

strength, power, protection

אֵילוֹת

noun proper • Root איל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 114

oak- or palm-grove; proper noun of the well-known Edomite sea-port on the eastern gulf of the Red Sea (Elath)

אֵילִים

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 114

(palms) proper noun; see אֵיל 2

אֵילִם

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 113

Name of the seventh station of the Israelites on their march from Egypt (Ex. 15:27; 16:1), where stood seventy palmtrees; others understand it as a plain overgrown with trees.

אֵילָם

noun masculine • Root אלם • Lemma_Lookup • Page 114

A rare architectural expression (nine times written אֵלָם); a sort of hall-like space that recedes and projects (porch/vestibule)

אֵילַמּוֹת

noun masculine plural • Lemma_Lookup • Page 114

see אֵילָם

אֵילַמִּים

noun masculine plural • Lemma_Lookup • Page 114

see אֵילָם

אִילָן

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 114

a tree (Aramaic)

אֵיל פָּארָן

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 113

Terebinth of Paran; a place in the neighbourhood of mount Se'ir, where the Horites dwelt.

אֵילַת

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 114

a grove, a palmgrove (or אֵילוֹת); proper noun of the Edomite harbour-town on the Red Sea

אֵילַת

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 115

See אֵילָה, אַיִל

אֲרִאֵיל

noun masculine • Root ארא • Lemma_Lookup • Page 181

hearth (K'tib reading in Ez. 43, 15)

הוֹאִיל

verb • Root יאל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 569

Hifil of יָאַל: to manifest the will, to undertake, to venture, to make a determination, to be content, to be pleased, to execute the will.

הִשְׁאִיל

verb • Root שאל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1367

To lend; properly to let ask = to offer willingly; to loan.

הִשְׂמְאִיל

verb hifil • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1443

Hif. To turn to the north, the left side.

עֵמֶק אַיָּלוֹן

noun proper • Root עמק • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1107

Valley of Ajalon (so called from the Levitical city in Dan).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֵיל

m. dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 31

1. Mighty. (See root אוּל.) 2 K. 24:15 Keth. אֵילֵי הָאָרֶץ the mighty or the nobles of the land. 2. body. Ps. 73:4.

אֵיל

noun masculine • Page 43

m. dec. VI. f.

אַיִל

noun masculine • Root אול • Page 44

1. ram (Gen. 15:9, Ex. 25:5). 2. a technical expression in architecture, meaning pillars or pilasters (1 K. 6:31, Ezek. 40:9).

אַיִל

m. verbal • Root איל • Page 44

1. the mighty, noble (Ex. 15:15, 2 K. 24:15). 2. turpentine-tree, terebinthus (Gen. 14:6, Is. 61:3).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H352

I. אַיִּל (approximate number of occurrences: 156) noun masculine Genesis 22:13 — ram (as leader of flock, Late Hebrew and Aramaic idem, Assyrian ailu ¹, Phoenician איל, = אַיִּל rather than אַיָּל, compare Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum I. p. 231).

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew and Aramaic idem
• Assyrian ailu
• Phoenician איל

— אַיִּל absolute Genesis 15:9 +; construct אֵיל Exodus 29:22 +; plural אֵילִים (אֵילִם, אֵלִים) Genesis 32:15 +; construct אֵילֵי Genesis 31:38; Isaiah 60:7.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Ram as food

• Genesis 31:38 (Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 32:14 (compare ram of sacrifice, below e.g. Exodus 29:32 compare Leviticus 8:31)

b. Ram yielding wool

• 2 Kings 3:4

c. Ram as tribute

• 2 Chronicles 17:11

d. Ram as merchandise

• Ezekiel 27:21

e. Ram as gift

• Genesis 32:15 (Elohist Source)

f. Ram in simile of leaping, skipping

• Psalm 114:4 (כַּהֲרָרִים רָקְדוּ כְּאֵילִים)
• Psalm 114:6

g. Ram in Daniel's vision

• Daniel 8:3, 4, 6, 7 (4 times in verse); 20

h. Ram figurative of rich and powerful in Israel

• Ezekiel 34:17

i. Ram slain in ceremony of ratification of covenant

• Genesis 15:9 (Jehovist Source)

j. Ram in Abraham's sacrifice

• Genesis 22:13 (twice in verse) (Elohist Source)

k. Ram in Balaam's sacrifice

• Numbers 23:1 5 times Numbers 23 (Jehovist Source and Elohist Source)

l. Ram in ritual (Priests' Code / Narrative)

• In consecration ceremony of Aaron and his sons: Exodus 29:1 15 times Exodus 29 (הַמִּלֻּאִים Exodus 29:22 compare 26; 27; 31) Leviticus 8:2 8 times Leviticus 8 (הַמִּלֻּאִים הָעֹלָה Leviticus 8:22; 29 הָעֹלָה הָאַיִל 18)
• In guilt-offering: Leviticus 5:15, 16, 18; 25; 19:21, 22 compare Ezra 10:19 and הַכִּמְּרִים הָאֵיל Numbers 5:8
• In burnt-offering: Leviticus 9:2 and Numbers 15:6, 11 and Ezekiel 46:4, 5, 6, 7, 11, on day of atonement Leviticus 16:3, 5, Pentecost Leviticus 23:18
• In peace-offering: Leviticus 9:4, 18, 19; beginning of month Numbers 28:11, 12, 14; compare Numbers 29:2, 3; passover Numbers 29:19; 20 compare Ezekiel 45:23, 24; day of firstfruits Ezekiel 45:27; 28; in 7th month Ezekiel 29:8 18 times Numbers 29
• In law of Nazarite: Numbers 6:14, 17, 19
• In consecration of altar of tabernacle: Numbers 7:15 25 times Numbers 7, compare consecration of Ezekiel's temple-altar Ezekiel 43:23, 25
• More generally: 1 Samuel 15:22; Isaiah 1:11; Micah 6:7; Job 42:8; Psalm 66:15, also Isaiah 34:6; Isaiah 60:7; at bringing ark to Jerusalem 1 Chronicles 15:26; other occasions 1 Chronicles 29:21; 2 Chronicles 13:9; 29:21, 22, 32; Ezra 8:35; compare figurative Jeremiah 51:40; Ezekiel 39:18

m. Rams' skins dyed red

• עֹרֹת אֵילִים מְאָדֳּמִים of covering of tabernacle Exodus 25:5; 26:14; 35:7, 23; 36:19; compare 39:34 (all Priests' Code / Narrative)

II. אַיִּל noun [masculine] projecting pillar or pilaster — הָאַיִל absolute 1 Kings 6:31 (but see below) construct idem Ezekiel 40:14 (but strike out ²):16 (² better אֵילָיו); אֵיל Ezekiel 41:3, אֵל Ezekiel 40:48; plural אֵילִים Ezekiel 40:14 +; אֵילִם Ezekiel 40:10; suffix אֵילוֹ Ketiv Ezekiel 40:9 7 times; אֵלוֹ Ketiv Ezekiel 40:29 2 times Qere (in all) אֵילָיו, אֵלָיו; אֵלֵיהֶמָּה Ezekiel 40:16; — pilaster or projection in wall at each side of entrance (compare ³ Proben, 302; ⁴ 927), in Solomon's temple 1 Kings 6:31 (^{3 4} 525 reads אֵילִם), in Ezekiel's temple Ezekiel 40:9, 10 14 times Ezekiel 40..41 + Ezekiel 40:14 a ^{5 6 2} אֵילִם compare ⁷ B; Ezekiel 40:38 read אֵילִם so ^{8 2} compare ⁷; Ezekiel 40:14 b ² strike out הָאַיִל.

III. [אַיִּל] noun masculine leader, chief (= ram, as leader of flock? compare ⁹ Exodus 15:15 ¹⁰ §142 f ¹¹ 170 and see Ezekiel 34:17) — construct אֵל Ezekiel 31:11; plural construct אֵילֵי Exodus 15:15; Ezekiel 17:13 + 2 Kings 24:15 Qere (Ketiv אֻלִי see אוּל); אֵלֵי Ezekiel 32:21 (strike out ², see ⁷). — leader, chief מוֹאַב הָאֵל Exodus 15:15; הָאָרֶץ הָאֵל Ezekiel 17:13; 2 Kings 24:15 Qere; גּוֹיִם הָאֵל Ezekiel 31:11 (אֵלִים Job 41:17 see below אַלָּה; perhaps אֵלֵיהֶם Ezekiel 31:14 but compare below IV. אַיִל and also אֵל Note 1).

IV. [אַיִּל] noun masculine terebinth (probably as prominent, lofty tree, see ⁹ Genesis 12:6; Genesis 14:6) — construct אֵל only proper name אֵל מָמְרֵא see below; plural אֵילִים Isaiah 1:29; אֵלִים Isaiah 57:5 construct אֵילֵי Isaiah 61:3; suffix אֵלֵיהֶם Ezekiel 31:14 (> strike out ². see ^{7 12}). — terebinth (compare אַלָּה); as marking idol-shrines Isaiah 1:29; Isaiah 57:5 (so ^{13 9} etc. > gods); figurative of ransomed ones of Zion אֵילֵי הַצֶּדֶק; perhaps of haughty ones Ezekiel 31:14.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch.

² C. H. Cornill.

³ F. Böttcher.

⁴ C. W. E. Nägelsbach.

⁵ H. Ewald.

⁶ J. D. Michaelis.

⁷ Vulgate.

⁸ R. Smend.

⁹ A. Dillmann.

¹⁰ J. Olshausen.

¹¹ P. de Lagarde, Bildung der Nomina.

¹² Arabic Versions.

¹³ T. K. Cheyne.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0352a:

No stats available

כרים כָּרִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כר

kar

Definition

a ram (as full-grown and fat), including a battering-ram (as butting); hence, a meadow (as for sheep); also a pad or camel's saddle (as puffed out)

Root

from H3769 (כרר) in the sense of plumpness;

Exhaustive

from כרר in the sense of plumpness; a ram (as full-grown and fat), including a battering-ram (as butting); hence, a meadow (as for sheep); also a pad or camel's saddle (as puffed out); captain, furniture, lamb, (large) pasture, ram. See also בית כר, כרי.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3733

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כַּר

noun / feminine (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 695

An Aramaic word, feminine, same as the Hebrew כִּכָּר in the sense of a talent.

כַּר

noun masculine • Root כרר • Strongs / High • Page 732

A masculine noun with multiple meanings: 1. A fat sheep, wether, or ram; plural כְּרִים can mean herds of fat sheep. 2. Figuratively, an iron battering-ram. 3. A fat pasture or luxuriant meadow. 4. As a proper noun, Caria, a land in Asia Minor. 5. A camel's saddle, bolster, or cushion.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כָּרִים

noun plural • Root כרה • Page 328

battering rams, arietes. Ezek. 4: 2; 21: 27 [22].

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3733

I. כָּר noun masculine — basket-saddle, for basket-saddle read camel-palankeen; the palankeen, or tent-like erection, on the saddle¹, which seems intended here, is distinct from the basket or pannier (in which some women also traveled²).

— construct בְּכַר הַגָּמָל Genesis 31:34 in the camel-basket, i.e. the basket-saddle of the camel, a sort of palankeen bound upon the saddle proper.

II. כַּר noun masculine — pasture (√ dubious; Thes derives from כַּר lamb; Schwally³ from כרה; Hommel⁴ from כרר originally = round enclosure).

Cognates:

• Assyrian kirû (nursery of trees, grove)
• Arabic كر (cistern)

— singular כַּר נִרְחָב Isaiah 30:23 a roomy pasture; plural כָּרִים Psalm 37:20; הַצֹּאן לָבְשׁוּ כָרִים Psalm 65:14 the pastures are clothed with the sheep.

III. כַּר noun masculine — he-lamb, battering-ram.

Cognates:

• Assyrian kirru
• Arabic كر (ram)

1. He-lamb

• singular Isaiah 16:1 the lamb of the ruler
• plural כָּרִים Amos 6:4; 1 Samuel 15:9; 2 Kings 3:4; Jeremiah 51:40
• חֵלֶב כָּרִים Deuteronomy 32:14 the fat of lambs
• דַּם כָּרִים וְעַתּוּדִים Isaiah 34:6 the blood of lambs and goats
• Ezekiel 27:21; Ezekiel 39:18

2. Battering-ram

(So called from butting; compare English ram):

• Ezekiel 4:2
• Ezekiel 21:27 (twice in verse)

¹ Burckhardt, Bedouins and Wahabys, 266; Doughty, Arab. Des. i. 437. ii. 304; Lane, Modern Egyptians (5) ii. 158.

² Porter, Travels ii. 232.

³ Friedrich Schwally, ZAW x. (1890) 186.

⁴ Fritz Hommel, Namen der Säugethiere (NS) 100.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: ἀρνῶν ὡσ χάρακα

LXX Usage Statistics

H3733c:

ἀρνῶν 3× (17.3%)

ὡσ 2× (11.5%)

χάρακα 2× (11.5%)

ועתודים וְעַתּוּדִים

and prepared leaders

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עתוד

ʻattûwd

Definition

prepared, i.e. full grown; spoken only (in plural) of he-goats, or (figuratively) leaders of the people

Root

or עתד; from H6257 (עתד);

Exhaustive

or עתד; from עתד; prepared, i.e. full grown; spoken only (in plural) of he-goats, or (figuratively) leaders of the people; chief one, (he) goat, ram.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6260

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַתּוּד

m. prop. • Strongs / High • Page 1148

A vigorous one; hence, a he-goat; figuratively, a leader-goat or prince.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַתּוּד

noun masculine • Page 533

a he-goat. Gen. 31: 10, 12. Metaphorically a leader of the people, a prince, Is. 14: 9. Zech. 10: 2.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6260

I. עַתּוּד (approximate number of occurrences: 29) noun masculine^{Genesis 31:10} — he-goat (relation to root not clear; compare Arabic عتاد horse fit for running, or animal ready to fight²).

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew עַתּוּד
• Assyrian atudû
• Arabic عتود young he-goat

— plural עַתּוּדִים Isaiah 1:11 (13 times); עַתֻּדִים Genesis 31:10 (13 times); construct עַתּוּדֵי Isaiah 34:6.

1. Literal uses

a. As property and food

• Genesis 31:10, 12
• Ezekiel 27:21
• Proverbs 27:26
• Deuteronomy 32:14

b. As leaders of the flock

• Jeremiah 50:8 (simile)

2. Figurative and sacrificial uses

a. Figurative of princes and chief men

• Isaiah 14:9
• Ezekiel 34:17
• Zechariah 10:3

b. As sacrificial victims

• Isaiah 1:11
• Numbers 7:17 (+ 12 times in Numbers 7)
• Psalm 66:15
• Psalm 50:9, 13 (ironic)

c. Figurative of people and princes in Yahweh's great sacrifice

• Isaiah 34:6
• Jeremiah 51:40 (simile)
• Ezekiel 39:18

¹ Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae Hebraeae et Chaldaeae veteris testamenti (1829–1858).

² Fritz Hommel, Die Namen der Säugethiere bei den semitischen Völkern (1879).

Conjunction, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: τράγουσ τράγων τράγοι ἀμνοὺσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6260:

τράγουσ 14× (46.9%)

τράγων 5× (15.6%)

τράγοι 2× (6.3%)

ἀμνοὺσ 2× (5.8%)

פרים פָּרִים

of split ones

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פר

par

Definition

a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)

Root

or פר; from H6565 (פרר);

Exhaustive

or פר; from פרר; a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof); ([phrase] young) bull(-ock), calf, ox.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6499

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פַּר

noun masculine • Root פרר • Strongs / High • Page 1188

The burst forth, the young; specially a young bullock, juvencus, especially for sacrifice; also a figure of a powerful enemy.

פַּר

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1189

A young bullock (grown up bullocks), often defined more exactly by בֶּן־בָּקָר. Figuratively, young and vigorous manhood, manly youth. Also refers to sacrificial bullocks, or metaphorically, the fruit of our lips (confession).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פַּר

noun masculine • Page 552

A bull, bullock, juvencus. Ex. 29: 1, Ps. 69: 32, Judg. 6: 25. Often used with 'בן־בקר'.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6499

I. פַּר (approximate number of occurrences: 132) noun masculine — young bull, steer.

— פַּר absolute Numbers 7:15 +, פָּ֑ר Psalm 50:9, always הַפַּר 1 Samuel 1:25 +; construct פַּר (הַ)חַטָאת Exodus 29:36 +; plural פָּרִים Genesis 32:16 +; suffix פָּרֶיהָ Jeremiah 50:27; — steer [see especially פַּר בֶּן־בָּקָר Leviticus 4:3 6t.; פַּר אֶחָד בֶּן־בָּקָר Exodus 29:1 12t. Numbers 7, compare Numbers 8:8; פַּר בֶּן־בָּקָר אֶחָד Numbers 15:24 3t., compare Ezekiel 43:23; Ezekiel 45:18; Ezekiel 46:6; plural פָּרִים בְּנֵי־בָקָר Numbers 28:11 4t.; see בֵּן בָּקָר]:

1. Meanings and Uses

a. As gift

• Genesis 32:16 (Elohist Source)
• figurative of fierce enemies Psalm 22:13

2. Sacrificial Victims

a. In peace-offering

• Exodus 24:5 (Elohist Source; Covenant Code)
• 1 Samuel 1:24 (read פַּר for פָּרִים, Septuagint, Syriac, Thenius, Wellhausen, Driver and others)
• 1 Samuel 1:25
• Numbers 7:88 (Priestly Code)
• 2 Chronicles 30:24 (twice in verse)

b. Burnt-offering

• Judges 6:25 (twice in verse) (on text compare GFM¹), verse 26, 28
• 1 Kings 18:23 (3 t. in verse); 1 Kings 18:25, 26, 33
• Ezekiel 43:23 + 5t. Ezekiel
• Numbers 7:15, 21 + 46t. Numbers (Priestly Code)
• 1 Chronicles 15:26
• 1 Chronicles 29:21
• Ezra 8:35
• Job 42:8
• Psalm 50:9
• Psalm 51:20
• Leviticus 23:18 (gloss, Driver-White)

c. Sin-offering

• Ezekiel 43:19 + 5t. Ezekiel
• Exodus 29:1, 3, 10 (twice in verse); Exodus 29:11, 12, 14, 36
• compare 2 Chronicles 13:9; 29:21
• Leviticus 4:3, 4 (3 t. in verse) + 25 t. Leviticus (Priestly Code)
• Numbers 8:8

— both b. and c. Numbers 8:12

d. More generally

• Isaiah 1:11
• Psalm 69:32

e. Figurative

• פָּרִים שְׂפָתֵינוּ Hosea 14:3 we will pay (as with) bullocks, our lips, but read פְּרִי Septuagint, Wellhausen, Nowack, compare Cheyne

f. Of princes and warriors slain

Of princes and warriors slain by Jehovah, under figure of sacrifice:

• Isaiah 34:7
• Jeremiah 50:27
• Ezekiel 39:18

¹ George Foot Moore, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Judges (1895).

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: μόσχον μόσχουσ μόσχῳ μόσχου μόσχοισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6499:

μόσχον 59× (44.7%)

μόσχουσ 22× (18.2%)

μόσχῳ 14× (9.7%)

μόσχου 10× (7.0%)

μόσχοισ 7× (4.9%)

μόσχοι 3× (2.2%)

μοσχάριον 3× (2.0%)

βοῦν 2× (1.4%)

מריאי מְרִיאֵי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מריא

mᵉrîyʼ

Definition

stall-fed; often (as noun) a beeve

Root

from H4754 (מרא) in the sense of grossness, through the idea of domineering (compare H4756 (מרא));

Exhaustive

from מרא in the sense of grossness, through the idea of domineering (compare מרא); stall-fed; often (as noun) a beeve; fat (fed) beast (cattle, -ling).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4806

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מְרִיא

noun masculine • Root מרא • Strongs / High • Page 908

A certain kind of heifer slaughtered for sacrifices and banquets. Interpreted as a buffalo, bison, or a fatted calf.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מְרִיא

m. adj. / noun • Page 407

Fat, well fed; particularly a fatted calf. 2 Sam. 6:13; 1 K. 1:9, 25; Ezek. 39:18.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4806

I. מְרִיא (approximate number of occurrences: 8) noun masculine — fatling, fatlings.

— מְרִיא absolute 2 Samuel 6:13 (4 times); plural absolute מְרִיאִים Isaiah 1:11; construct מְרִיאֵי Ezekiel 39:18; suffix מְרִיאֵיכֶם Amos 5:22.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. As a fatling

• Isaiah 11:6 (+ עֵגֶל וּכְפִיר)

b. Of sacrificial animals

• Amos 5:22 (שֶׁלֶם מְרִיאֵיכֶם; "" עֹלוֹת, מִנְחֹתֵיכֶם)
• Isaiah 1:11 (חֵלֶב מְרִיאִים; "" עֹלוֹת אֵילִים, דַּם פָּרִים)
• Ezekiel 39:18 (מְרִיאֵי בָשָׁן; + פָרִים, אֵילִים)

c. Singular collective in sacrificial context

• 2 Samuel 6:13 (וַיִּזְבַּח שׁוֹר וּמְרִיא)
• 1 Kings 1:9 (+ צאֹן וּבָקָר)
• 1 Kings 1:19 (+ שׁוֹר, צאֹן)
• 1 Kings 1:25

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: ἄρνασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4806:

ἄρνασ 3× (32.7%)

בשן בָשָׁן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בשן

Bâshân

Definition

Bashan (often with the article), a region East of the Jordan

Root

of uncertain derivation;

Exhaustive

of uncertain derivation; Bashan (often with the article), a region East of the Jordan; Bashan.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1316

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בָּשָׁן

verb • Strongs / High • Page 284

Intr. to be hard, rocky, spoken of basaltic ground; to be fruitful.

בָּשָׁן

noun proper • Root בשן • Strongs / High • Page 284

(Basalt-land) 1) Name of a mountainous, fruitful country on the other side of Jordan, celebrated for its oak-forests and fat pastures. 2) Name of a city in Bashan.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בָּשָׁן

proper name • Page 119

A country beyond Jordan, between the rivers Jabbok and Arnon, celebrated for its pastures, whence the mention of the bulls and rams of Bashan.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1316

I. בָּשָׁן (approximate number of occurrences: 60) proper name, territory masculine^{Deuteronomy 3:3} — Bashan (smooth and fertile land).

First mentioned as kingdom of Og, east of Jordan, stretching from stream Jabbok (thus including northern Gilead) northward to Hermon, between Gennesaret (west) and mountains of Hauran (east); compare Di¹ Numbers 21:33 Wetzst²; later a type of fertility.

— usually with article הַבָּשָׁן Numbers 21:33 (twice in verse); Numbers 32:33; Deuteronomy 1:4 (30 times in Deuteronomy and Joshua); 1 Kings 4:13, 19; 2 Kings 10:33; 1 Chronicles 5:11, 12, 16, 23; 1 Chronicles 6:47, 56; Nehemiah 9:22; Psalm 68:23; Psalm 135:11; Psalm 136:20; Jeremiah 22:20.

1. Regional Characteristics and Metaphors

• Jeremiah 50:19 (parallel to הַכַּרְמֶל)
• Micah 7:14 (parallel to הַכַּרְמֶל)
• Nahum 1:4 (parallel to הַכַּרְמֶל; personified, subject of אֻמְלַל)
• Isaiah 33:9 (parallel to הַכַּרְמֶל; personified subject of נֹעֵר)

2. Mount Bashan

הַר בָּשָׁן (range of Hauran):

• Psalm 68:16 (twice in verse; called הַר־אֱלֹהִים and הַר גַּבְנֻנִּים many-peaked mountain)

3. Trees and Livestock of Bashan

a. Stately trees (oaks)

• אַלּוֹנֵי הַבָּשָׁן Isaiah 2:13 (still seen on western slope of mountains of Hauran²)
• אַלּוֹנֵי בָשָׁן Zechariah 11:2 (figurative of prominent men)
• אַלּוֹנִים מִבָּשָׁן Ezekiel 27:6

b. Famous livestock

• אַבִּירֵי בָשָׁן Psalm 22:13 (parallel to פָּרִים, figurative)
• בְּנֵי בָשָׁן Deuteronomy 32:14 (+ כָּרִים וְאֵילִים, עַתּוּדִים, compare בָּקָר and צאֹן v. 14a; see בֵּן 1. j. (ν))
• מְרִיאֵי בָשָׁן Ezekiel 39:18 (reference to אֵילִים כָּרִים וְעַתּוּדִים פָּרִים ... כֻּלָּם)
• פָּרוֹת הַבָּשָׁן Amos 4:1 (feminine, figurative of luxurious and haughty women of Samaria)

¹ August Dillmann, Die Bücher Numeri, Deuteronomium und Josua (1886).

² Johann Gottfried Wetzstein, Reisebericht über Hauran und die Trachonen, p. 82, 88 (1860).

Noun proper name

LXX: βασαν βασανίτιδι βασανίτιδοσ πῖον βασανῖτιν

LXX Usage Statistics

H1316:

βασαν 39× (66.1%)

βασανίτιδι 7× (9.9%)

βασανίτιδοσ 3× (4.9%)

πῖον 2× (4.1%)

βασανῖτιν 2× (3.5%)

כלם כֻּלָּם׃

all of themselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

הם

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9028

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3605

I. כֹּל (approximate number of occurrences: 5415) noun masculine — the whole, all (once כּוֹל Jeremiah 33:8 Kt.).

Cognates:

• Moabite, Phoenician id.
• Aramaic כּוּל, כֹּל
• Arabic كل
• Sabean כל (compare DHM¹)
• Ethiopic ኩሉ
• Assyrian kullatu

— כֹּל absolute; construct כֹּל Genesis 2:5, Genesis 2:16, Genesis 2:20; כֹּל־ Psalm 138:2; more usually כָּל־ (with makkaph: without it, Psalm 35:10; Proverbs 19:7; Kö²); suffix 2 masculine singular in pause כֻּלָּךְ Micah 2:12; 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isaiah 14:29, Isaiah 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isaiah 22:1; Song of Solomon 4:7; 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2 Samuel 2:9 (Dr³) + 17 times, כֻּלּוֹ Genesis 25:25 + 16 times; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Genesis 13:10 + 15 times, כֻּלָּא Ezekiel 36:5; 1 plural כֻּלָּנוּ (16 times); 2 plural כֻּלְּכֶם (18 times); 3 masculine plural כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jeremiah 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2 Samuel 23:6 (and Jeremiah 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Genesis 42:36; Proverbs 31:29; כֻּלָּֽהְנָה 1 Kings 7:37.

1. With following Genitive

a. The whole of, all, every

• Genesis 2:2 כָּל־צְבָאָם (the whole of their host)
• Genesis 2:13 כָּל־אֶרֶץ כּוּשׁ (the whole of the land of Kush)
• כָּל־הַלַּיְלָה (the whole of the night)
• כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל (the whole of Israel)
• Deuteronomy 4:29 בְּכָל־לְבָֽבְךָ (with all thy heart)
• With plural nouns: Genesis 5:5 כל־ימי אדם (all the days of Adam); Genesis 37:35 כל־בניו (all his sons); Isaiah 2:2 כל־הגוים (all the nations); Genesis 43:9 כל הימים (continually)
• In poetry, noun may be undetermined: כָּל־יָדַיִם (every hand) Isaiah 13:7; Jeremiah 48:37; Ezekiel 21:12; כל־פנים (every face) Isaiah 25:8

b. Followed by singular, understood collectively

• Genesis 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה (every living soul)
• Genesis 2:9 כל עץ נחמד (every kind of tree)
• Genesis 6:12 כָּל־בָּשָׂר (all flesh)
• Numbers 12:3; Judges 16:17 כל האדם (the whole of mankind)
• Exodus 1:22 כל־הבן (all the sons)
• In late Hebrew: בְּכָל־דּוֹר וָדוֹר Psalm 45:18; Esther 9:28; בכל־עיר ועיר 2 Chronicles 11:12

c. Genitive as a relative sentence

• Introduced by אשׁר: Genesis 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה (all that he had made); Joshua 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ (wheresoever thou goest)
• Rarely with ellipse of relative: Genesis 39:4 וְכָל־יֶשׁ־לוֹ; Psalm 71:18 לְכָל־יָבוֹא

d. Idiomatic use with suffixes

• Placing suffix after the word qualified: 2 Samuel 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלֹּה (Israel, all of it); Isaiah 14:29 פלשׁת כלך (Philistia, all of thee!)
• Suffix of 3ms used for the mass: Exodus 14:7 עַל־כֻּלּוֹ (upon all of them); Psalm 29:9 כֻּלּוֹ אֹמֵר כָּבוֹד (every one says, Glory!)

e. Affirming or denying of an entire class (any/none)

• Comparative: Genesis 3:1 מכל חית השׂדה (than any beast of the field)
• With negative (none): Exodus 12:16 כל־מלאכה לא יעשׂה (no work shall be done); Psalm 143:2 כי לא־יצדק לפניך כל־חי (for no living thing is righteous before thee)

f. Anomalous gender

feminine very anomalously, severed from its Genitive: 2 Samuel 1:9 כִּי־כָל־עוֹד נַפְשִׁי בִי; Job 27:3; Hosea 14:3 כָּל־תִּשָּׂא עָוֺן.

2. Absolutely

a. Without the article (all things, all)

• Genesis 9:3 את כֹּל; Genesis 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֹ; Numbers 11:6 אֵין כֹּל (there is nothing)
• Isaiah 44:24 עשֶֹׁה כֹּל (maker of all things); Proverbs 16:4
• As Comprehensive Genitive: Ezekiel 44:30 כָּל־בִּכּוּרֵי כֹל

b. With article (הַכֹּל)

• Referring to things just mentioned: Exodus 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל; Leviticus 1:9; 1 Samuel 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד
• In wider sense (the universe, to pan): Jeremiah 10:16 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא; Psalm 103:19
• In Ecclesiastes (often): Ecclesiastes 1:2; Ecclesiastes 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל

Aramaic

I. כֹּל, כָּל־ noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל).

1. The whole of, all
   • כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל Daniel 2:12
   • כל־מלכותא Daniel 6:4
   • suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֹן Daniel 2:38; Daniel 7:19
2. With a singular noun, understood collectively (every, any, none)
   • Daniel 3:29 דִּי כָל־עַם (that every people)
   • Daniel 6:8 מִן־כָּל־אֱלָה (of any god)
   • Daniel 2:10 כל־מלך... לא (no king)
   • כָּל־דִּי (whoever/whatever) Daniel 6:8; Ezra 7:23
3. Emphatic כֹּלָּא (absolutely, all things)
   • Daniel 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא (crushing all things)
   • Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18 וּמָזוֹן לְכֹלָּא־בֵהּ
   • Daniel 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא (all came upon...)

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien (1889).

² Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (1890).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
The flesh of the strong shall ye eat, and the blood of the princes of the earth shall ye drink, rams, lambs and he goats, bullocks being fattened, of Bashan all of them.

LITV Translation:
You shall eat the flesh of the mighty, and drink the blood of the rulers of the earth, of rams, lambs, goats, and bulls, all of them fatlings of Bashan.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Ye shall eat the flesh of mighty men, and ye shall drink the blood of the princes of the earth, rams, and calves and goats, and they are all fatted calves.