Exodus 1:9

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויאמר וַיֹּאמֶר

and he is saying

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אמר

ʼâmar

Definition

to say (used with great latitude)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude); answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H559

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 155

1. (not used) to stand prominently upwards, to project upwards, hence to be elevated. 2. to say, to speak, to command; to press out sounds from within.

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to say, speak

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 58

1. to say (dico). Differs from דבר (to speak) in that אָמַר is almost uniformly followed by the words spoken (Lev. 1:2; Gen. 44:16). 2. to think. (Speaking and thinking).

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 59

To command (Est 1:17, 1 Chr 21:17); to praise (Ps 40:11). Niph.: to be said, to be called holy (Is 4:3). Hiph.: to declare solemnly, to promise (Deut 26:17, 18). Hithpa.: to boast one's self (Ps 94:4), or to exercise dominion.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H559

I. אָמַר (5287) verb utter, say (Egyptian mr command; Phoenician אמר; Aramaic אֲמַר; Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare; Arabic أمر command; perhaps √ אמר originally = be or make prominent, hence Hithpael below, אָמִיר; Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king idem Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37; compare Dl Pr 28 who thinks original meaning hell, sichtbar sein, whence Assyrian amāru, see, & shew, declare, say).

Cognates:

• Egyptian mr command
• Phoenician אמר
• Aramaic אֲמַר
• Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare
• Arabic أمر command
• Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king
• Assyrian amāru see, & shew, declare, say

Qal

Perfect 3 masculine singular אָמַר Genesis 3:1 +; Imperfect יֹאמַר Genesis 31:8 +; וַיֹּאמֶר Genesis 1:3 +; וַיֹּאמַר Genesis 14:19 +; in Job always וַיֹּאמַר Job 3:2 +; 3 feminine singular תֹּאמַר Genesis 21:12 +; תֹּאמַר Proverbs 1:21; 1 singular אֹמַר Genesis 22:2 +; אוֹמְרָה Psalm 42:10; וָאֹמַר Genesis 20:13 +; וָאוֹמַר Nehemiah 2:7,17,20; 3 masculine plural יֹאמְרוּ Exodus 4:1 + etc.; suffix יֹמְרוּךָ Psalm 139:20; 2 masculine plural תֹּמְרוּ 2 Samuel 19:14 (compare Kö i. p. 385); Imperative אֱמֹר Genesis 45:17 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָמוֹר Exodus 21:5 +; construct אֱמֹר Ezekiel 25:8 +; הָאֱמֹר Job 34:18 but read הָאֹמַר idem Di, or better הֵאָמֹר Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative compare Ew § 328 d; suffix אָמְרִי Joshua 6:10 +; אֲמָרְכֶם Jeremiah 23:38; אֱמָרְכֶם Malachi 1:7 +; לֵאמֹר Genesis 1:22 +, etc.; Participle active אֹמֵר Genesis 32:10 +, etc.; passive הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7, but this grammatically indefensible, read הֵאָמֹר, Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative, see Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

Say (subject God Genesis 3:1 Genesis 32:5, serpent Genesis 3:1, ass Numbers 22:28, horse יֹאמַר הָאָח Job 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personified Job 28:14 compare Job 28:22 etc.; so in allegory or fable Judges 9:8; 2 Kings 14:9 etc.; especially in narration, וַיֹּאמֶר etc., Genesis 4:6 + very often): mostly followed by thing said, either substantive Jeremiah 14:17 (with clause app.) Deuteronomy 27:16 f.; Judges 12:6; pronoun Genesis 44:16; 2 Kings 20:14 +; or (usually) clause Genesis 1:3; Genesis 3:1; Genesis 37:20 + often (oratio recta [direct speech]); with adverb thus, so Genesis 32:5; Numbers 20:14; 1 Kings 20:3,5 + often; especially כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה Exodus 5:1; Exodus 7:17; Exodus 8:1; Exodus 8:20; 1 Chronicles 17:4 + often; the person addressed usually introduced by אֵל Genesis 3:1; Genesis 15:7; Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; 2 Samuel 3:7; 1 Kings 12:5,23, or לְ Genesis 3:13; Genesis 4:15; 1 Samuel 20:2; 2 Samuel 2:21; 1 Kings 14:2 + often; rarer combinations are, בְּאָזְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Isaiah 49:20 (compare Isaiah 5:9 & see דָּבַר); לִפְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Ezekiel 28:9; לְעֵינֵי כֹה אָמַר Deuteronomy 31:7; Joshua 10:12; Jeremiah 28:11; בְּ כֹה אָמַר Joel 2:17; Psalm 126:2, where בְּ local; in all cases usually followed by direct object of words said, Exodus 19:25 being very singular; Genesis 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, compare Vrss Di; = mention, name, designate Genesis 22:2,3; Genesis 43:27,29; Exodus 32:13; Numbers 14:40; 1 Samuel 10:16; 1 Samuel 16:3; 2 Samuel 6:22; Nehemiah 6:19; compare Psalm 139:20 יֹמְרוּךָ לִמְזִמָּה speak of thee for falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che, read יַמְרוּךָ); = tell, declare, proclaim, (followed by direct object only) Psalm 40:11; Ezekiel 13:7; in reply to question = answer Exodus 12:27; Joshua 4:7; 1 Kings 9:9; Jeremiah 5:19; Jeremiah 22:9. The object spoken of may be referred to by אֵל 2 Kings 19:32; Jeremiah 22:18; Jeremiah 27:19, or לְ Genesis 20:13 אִמְרִי לִי say of me, etc. Deuteronomy 33:9; Judges 9:54; Isaiah 5:20; Psalm 3:3; Psalm 71:10, very rarely by a simple accusative Isaiah 3:10 (where read probably for אִמְרוּ, אַשְׁרֵי), except after אֲשֶׁר where the words used follow (compare אֲשֶׁר 4d) Genesis 3:17; Numbers 10:29; Numbers 14:31; Deuteronomy 28:68; Judges 7:4; 1 Samuel 9:17,23b 1 Kings 8:29; Lamentations 4:20; compare Numbers 21:16; 2 Kings 17:12; 2 Kings 21:4, & (two extreme cases) Isaiah 8:12; Lamentations 2:15 (see Dr Sm i. 24, 5); הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7 read infinitive absolute with ה interrogative הֵאָמֹר (see above) shall one say? shall it be said? After another verb of saying, introducing thing said: Deuteronomy 21:7; Deuteronomy 25:9; Deuteronomy 27:15; Song of Solomon 2:10 +, even after אָמַר Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; Jeremiah 34:2; Esther 7:5 +; especially infinitive לֵאמֹר, after דָּבַר Genesis 8:15, צָוָה Genesis 2:16, עָנָה Genesis 44:16, בָּרַךְ Genesis 1:22, נָשַׁבַע Genesis 24:7, נָּדַר Genesis 28:20, etc.; after אָמַר 2 Samuel 3:18; 1 Kings 12:23; Ruth 4:4; 1 Chronicles 21:18 +; after שָׁלַח 2 Chronicles 35:21, שׁוּב Genesis 32:7; compare also Genesis 28:6; Exodus 5:13; Exodus 9:5; Exodus 13:8; Exodus 17:4; Numbers 11:20; Deuteronomy 1:28; Deuteronomy 13:7; Judges 8:15; 1 Samuel 23:2; 1 Kings 13:3; Jeremiah 32:3; Jeremiah 37:9 +; also when subject of לֵאמֹר differs from that of preceding clause Genesis 31:1; Genesis 38:13,24 etc.; after שָׁמַע Isaiah 37:9 = 2 Kings 19:9.

1. Say in the heart (= think)

• בְּלֵב כֹּה אָמַר Deuteronomy 8:17 compare 1 Kings 12:26; Psalm 10:6; Psalm 10:11; Psalm 10:13; Psalm 14:1; Psalm 35:25; Isaiah 14:13; Isaiah 47:8,10; Isaiah 49:21; Ecclesiastes 2:1,15; Ecclesiastes 3:17,18; לִלְבָבוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Hosea 7:2; אֵל לִבּוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Genesis 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subject כֹּה יְהוָה, compare 1 Samuel 27:1; אָמְרָה נַפְשִׁי Lamentations 3:24; thence כֹּה אָמַר alone Genesis 20:11; Genesis 26:9; Numbers 24:11; Ruth 4:4; 1 Samuel 20:26; 2 Samuel 5:6; 2 Kings 5:11; followed by clause with כִּי Judges 15:2; in particular = desire מַה תֹּאמַר נַפְשֶׁךָ 1 Samuel 20:4 compare Esther 2:13; followed by infinitive = purpose, Exodus 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian? Joshua 22:33; 1 Samuel 30:6; 1 Kings 5:19; 2 Chronicles 28:10,13; expect 2 Samuel 21:16 he expected to slay David 2 Chronicles 13:8; 2 Chronicles 32:1.

2. Promise

• (followed by infinitive) 1 Chronicles 27:23; 2 Chronicles 21:7; Esther 4:7; (idem + לְ of person) 2 Kings 8:19; Nehemiah 9:15; (followed by accusative of direct object + לְ of person + infinitive of purpose) Nehemiah 9:23.

3. Command

• (especially late) followed by אֵל of person addressed, Numbers 15:38; 1 Chronicles 21:18; followed by לְ Joshua 11:9; 2 Samuel 16:11; 2 Kings 4:24; Job 9:7; Psalm 106:34 (see below אֲשֶׁר 8e); followed by infinitive 1 Samuel 24:11; 1 Chronicles 21:17; 2 Chronicles 1:18; 2 Chronicles 29:27,30; 2 Chronicles 31:11; Esther 1:17; Esther 4:13,15; Esther 6:1; followed by infinitive + לְ of pers, 2 Chronicles 14:3; 2 Chronicles 29:21; 2 Chronicles 31:4; Esther 1:10; followed by accusative direct object 2 Chronicles 29:24 the king commanded the burnt-offering and the sin-offering, compare 1 Kings 5:20; Esther 2:15; followed by clause with אֲשֶׁר = that Nehemiah 13:19; idem + לְ of person Nehemiah 13:22; followed by clause with כִּי Job 36:10; absolute 1 Samuel 16:16 (read however probably יֹאמְרוּ for יֹאמַר, compare Dr); also Psalm 105:31; Psalm 105:34; Psalm 107:25; 1 Chronicles 14:12; 2 Chronicles 24:8; Nehemiah 13:9,19 (all followed by verb consecutive); command by letter עִם הַסֵּפֶר כֹּה אָמַר Esther 9:25 (followed by imperfect); appoint, assign לוֹ לְלֶחֶם כֹּה אָמַר 1 Kings 11:18 = threaten followed by infinitive Deuteronomy 9:25; Psalm 106:23.

Niphal

Perfect נֶאֱמַר Daniel 8:26; Imperfect יֵאָמֵר Genesis 22:14 +; יֵאָמַר לוֹ Isaiah 4:3; יֵאָמַר Genesis 10:9 +; וַיֵּאָמַר Joshua 2:2; be said, told Genesis 10:9; Genesis 22:14; Psalm 87:5; Jeremiah 4:11; Jeremiah 16:14 (all absolute, indefinite subject, of current saying); so said in a book Numbers 21:14; be related, told, of vision Daniel 8:26; said, told to (followed by לְ indirect object) Joshua 2:2; Hosea 2:1 (twice in verse); Zephaniah 3:16; either so, or told concerning Numbers 23:23; Ezekiel 13:12 (אֵל); יֵאָמֵר לָכֶם = ye shall be called (it shall be said to you) Isaiah 61:6 ("" תִּקָּרְאוּ לָכֶם), compare Isaiah 4:3; Isaiah 19:18; Isaiah 32:5 ("" יִקָּרֵא לְ) Isaiah 62:4 (twice in verse); hence be called, of Tophet לֹא יֵאָמֵר עוֹד הַתֹּפֶת Jeremiah 7:32; subject שֵׁם Genesis 32:29; Job 34:31 כִּי אֵל אֵל יֵאָמֵר, Rabb (compare AV) treat יֵאָמֵר as Niph`al Infinitive for לֵאָמֵר, but against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Perfect, אֵל אֵל being prefixed to the interrogative for emphasis (compare Jeremiah 22:15; Jeremiah 23:26; Nehemiah 13:27), see Dr § 9 Di and others; Hoffm., however, reads יֵאָמֵר infinitive absolute = imperative 'so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.'

Hiphil

Perfect הֵאֱמִיר Deuteronomy 26:17 הֵאֱמַרְתָּ הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים; Deuteronomy 26:18 הֵאֱמִיר יְהוָה הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לוֹ לְעַם (literally cause to declare, i.e. through agency of Moses; on this & other interpretations see Di).

Hithpael

Imperfect יִתְאַמֵּר Psalm 94:4 subject כָּל מְעֹלֵל אָוֶן act proudly, boast ("" יַבִּיעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק probably also 2 masculine plural תִּתְאַמֵּרוּ Isaiah 61:6 (in good sense, followed by בְּ of thing gloried in) Ges Comm. so De Che Kö i. 457 f. (from [ יָמַר ] exchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di; but see יָמַר, מוֹר).

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² √ Root or stem.

³ || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

⁴ = Equivalent / equals.

⁵ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ ? Sign of doubt.

⁸ t. times (following a number).

⁹ * Assumed form (not actually found).

¹⁰ ° Additions / glosses.

¹¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37.

¹³ Dl Pr 28.

¹⁴ Ew § 328 d.

¹⁵ Kö i. p. 385.

¹⁶ Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

¹⁷ Dr Sm i. 24, 5.

¹⁸ Vrss Versions.

¹⁹ Di Dillmann.

²⁰ Hup Hupfeld.

²¹ Pe Perowne.

²² Dy Delitzsch.

²³ Che Cheyne.

²⁴ AV Authorized Version.

²⁵ Rabb Rabbinic.

²⁶ Dr § 9.

²⁷ Hoffm Hoffmann.

²⁸ Ges Gesenius.

²⁹ De Delitzsch.

³⁰ Kö König.

³¹ Thes Thesaurus.

³² Hi Hitzig.

³³ Kn Knobel.

³⁴ Ew Ewald.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0559:

No stats available

אל אֶל־

toward

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

near, with or among; often in general, to

Root

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

Exhaustive

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H413

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H413

אֵל (nearly always followed by maqqeph), in poetry אֱלֵי (compare עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job (1 Samuel 3:22; 1 Samuel 5:26; 1 Samuel 15:22; 1 Samuel 29:19), with suffix אֱלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֱלֶיךְ, etc. אֱלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 times) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often); once אֱלֵימוֹ Psalm 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Exodus 1:19 (Assyrian ilî, Arabic عربي), preposition denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).

Cognates:

• Assyrian ilî
• Arabic عربي

1. Motion to or unto a person or place

• Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:22; Genesis 3:19; Genesis 8:9; Genesis 14:22; Genesis 16:9 etc.
• After every kind of verb expressing motion (בּוֹא, הָלַךְ, יָצָא etc.) So with נָתַן to give (though לְ is here more common) Genesis 21:14; Genesis 35:4; Deuteronomy 13:2 +; מָכַר to sell Deuteronomy 37:36, etc.
• Metaphorical Jeremiah 2:19 וְלֹא פַּחַדְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ and that my fear (cometh) not unto thee (compare Job 31:23).
• Peculiarly Genesis 6:16 אֵל אַמָּה unto the length of a cubit, etc.
• And metaphor in the phrase אֵל (אֱלֵי) גִּיל unto exultation Hosea 9:11; Job 3:22.
• Once, exceptionally (si vera 1.) = even: Job 5:5 וְאֵל מִצִּגִּים יִקָּחֶהָ and even out of thorns he taketh it.
• Sometimes pregnant, as Isaiah 66:17; Jeremiah 41:7 זָנָה אֵל commit whoredom (by going) to Numbers 25:1; Ezekiel 16:26, Ezekiel 16:28, Ezekiel 16:29; דָּרַשׁ אֵל seek (by resorting) to Deuteronomy 18:11; Isaiah 8:19; Isaiah 11:10 +; חָבַר אֵל join together (& come) unto Genesis 14:3; הִשְׁכִּימוּ אֵל rise early (and go) to Genesis 19:27; Genesis 24:11 הִבְרִיךְ אֵל made to kneel down at; Genesis 47:18 תַּם אֵל i.e. has been made over to; מָחַד אֵל to come in fear to Hosea 3:5; Micah 7:17.
• Opposite is מִן, as מִן הַקָּצֶה אֵל הַקָּצֶה from end to end Exodus 26:28; מֵה אֵל מֵה Ezra 9:11 (synonym 2 Kings 21:16 מֵה לָפֶה).
• And of time (rare) מֵעֵת אֵל עֵת 1 Chronicles 9:25; מִיּוֹם אֵל יוֹם Numbers 30:15 (P) 1 Chronicles 16:23 (in the Psalm 96:2 מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם).

2. Where the limit is actually entered, into

• Genesis 6:18 and thou shalt enter into the ark Genesis 7:1; Genesis 19:3; Genesis 41:21; Genesis 42:17; & so after verbs of throwing, casting, putting Genesis 37:22 (הִשְׁלִיכוּ) Genesis 39:20 וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ אֵל בֵּית הַסֹּהַר put him into the prison house, Exodus 28:30 (Leviticus 8:8) Deuteronomy 23:25; so after קָבַר to bury Genesis 23:19; Genesis 25:9; Genesis 49:29; שָׁחַט to squeeze Genesis 40:11; מָחָה to blot out Numbers 5:23, etc.; metaphor Genesis 6:6 was pained into or unto his heart, שָׁם אֵל לֵב, הָשִׁיב to place, bring into ( = lay to ) heart Deuteronomy 4:39; 2 Samuel 19:20 and elsewhere In connection with a number or multitude into which something enters, in among: 1 Samuel 10:22 behold he had hid himself אֵל הַכְּלִים in among the baggage, Jeremiah 4:3 sow not אֵל קֹצִים in among thorns.

3. Of direction towards anything

• (a) Of physical acts or states, as Genesis 30:40 נָתַן מִנִּי הַצֹּאן אֵל, Genesis 39:7 נָשָׂא עֵינָיו אֵל, Exodus 25:20; Numbers 6:26, נָשָׂא פָּנָיו אֵל (2 Kings 9:32 differently), 2 Kings 24:1 שָׁת מִנִּיו אֵל, Joshua 8:18; Psalm 28:2; 1 Kings 8:29, 1 Kings 8:30 (to pray towards) 1 Kings 8:38; pregnantly חָרַד אֵל to tremble (turning) to Genesis 42:28, תָּמַהּ אֵל to wonder (turning) towards Genesis 43:33; Isaiah 13:8, מָחַד אֵל Jeremiah 36:16: without a verb מֵנִּים אֵל מֵנִּים face to face Genesis 32:31 +; מֵה אֵל מֵה Numbers 12:8; כִּאֲיִנֵּנוּ אֵלֶיךָ the face of Laban, that he is not toward me; כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).
• (b) With words such as אָמַר to say to Genesis 3:1 + often, דִּבֵּר Genesis 8:15 + often, קָרָא Genesis 19:5, הִגִּיד Genesis 20:17 etc., שָׁמַע to hearken to Genesis 16:11, הִלֵּל to praise to Genesis 12:15 (compare Ezekiel 13:19 חִלֵּל אֵל to profane to), הִזְכִּיר Ezekiel 40:14.
• (c) With words expressing the direction of the mind, as קָוָה to wait Psalm 27:14 +; יָחַל to hope Isaiah 51:5; נָשָׂא נֶפֶשׁ אֵל to lift up the soul (i.e. set the desire) towards Deuteronomy 24:15; Psalm 25:1; שָׁם לֵב אֵל, שִׁית to set the heart (mind) to Exodus 9:21 and elsewhere; לָמַד אֵל to accustom oneself to Jeremiah 10:2; חָרַד אֵל to shew fear towards 2 Kings 4:13; Genesis 43:30; Deuteronomy 28:32 and thy eyes כָּלוּ אֲלֵיהֶם failing (with longing) towards them, Lamentations 4:17; Isaiah 63:15; 2 Samuel 3:8; 1 Kings 14:13; Psalm 40:6; alone, as predicate, directed or disposed towards, Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7; 2 Kings 6:11 who of ours is towards (i.e. favours) the king of Syria? Hosea 3:3 וְגַם אֲנִי אֵלֶיךָ Ezekiel 36:9; Haggai 2:17; Jeremiah 15:1 (אֵין נַפְשִׁי אֵל).

4. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, against

• Genesis 4:8 אֵל הֶבֶל and Cain rose up against Abel (so 1 Samuel 24:8) 1 Samuel 22:12; Exodus 14:5; Numbers 32:14; with נִקַּם Joshua 10:6, הָלַךְ Judges 1:10; Judges 20:30; with בָּא of calamity, etc., coming to or upon any one Genesis 42:21; Judges 9:57; 1 Samuel 2:34; 1 Kings 14:10 +; Isaiah 2:4; Isaiah 3:8 their tongue and doings are אֵלִי Isaiah 32:6 (לְדַבֵּר אֵל) Hosea 7:15 (compare Nahum 1:9) Hosea 12:5 וַיָּשַׁר אֵל מַלְאָךְ and he strove against the angel. Here also belongs in particular the phrase הִנְנִי אֵל Behold I am against (thee, you, etc.) Nahum 2:14; Nahum 3:5; Jeremiah 21:13 (Jeremiah 23:30-32 עַל) Jeremiah 50:31; Jeremiah 51:25; Ezekiel 13:8, Ezekiel 13:20; Ezekiel 21:8; Ezekiel 29:10; Ezekiel 30:22; Ezekiel 34:10; Ezekiel 35:3; Ezekiel 38:3; Ezekiel 39:1 (Ezekiel 5:8; Ezekiel 26:3; Ezekiel 28:22; Ezekiel 29:3 עַל: on Ezekiel 36:9 see above)

5. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

• As Leviticus 18:18 thou shalt not take אִשָּׁה אֵל אֲחֹתָהּ a woman to, in addition to, her sister, Joshua 13:22 (Numbers 31:8 עַל); 1 Samuel 14:34 at eat אֵל הַחֹם together with the blood (1 Samuel 14:32 & Generally עַל); 1 Kings 10:7 הוֹסַף אֵל (generally עַל); Jeremiah 25:26; Ezekiel 7:26 שְׁמֻעָה אֵל שְׁמֻעָה (עַל); Ezekiel 44:7; Lamentations 3:41 let us lift up לְבָבֵנוּ אֵל כַּפֵּינוּ our hearts together with the hands (compare Arabic عربي, Qor 4:2; W AG ii. § 51 c).

6. Metaphor in regard to, concerning, on account of

• Thus הִתְאַבֵּל אֵל to mourn concerning 1 Samuel 15:35; הִנָּחֵם אֵל to repent as regards 2 Samuel 24:16; הִתְפַּלֵּל אֵל to pray with regard to 1 Samuel 1:27; 2 Kings 19:20; צָעַק אֵל to cry 2 Kings 8:3 (2 Kings 8:5 עַל); נֶעֱצַב אֵל be pained 1 Samuel 20:34; נִחַם אֵל to comfort 2 Samuel 10:2; more Generally 1 Kings 16:13; 1 Kings 21:22; אֵל נֶפֶשׁ on account of, for the sake of, one's life 1 Kings 19:3; 2 Kings 7:7 (Genesis 19:17 עַל). (עַל is more common in this sense.) And specially with verbs of saying, narrating, telling, etc. with regard to, as אָמַר אֵל Genesis 20:2; Isaiah 29:22; Isaiah 37:21, Isaiah 37:33 +; דִּבֵּר אֵל 2 Samuel 7:19; Jeremiah 40:16 b; סִמֵּר אֵל Psalm 2:7; Psalm 69:27; צָוָה אֵל Isaiah 23:11; שָׁמַע אֵל Ezekiel 19:4; הַשְׁמֻעָה אֵל the report regarding . . . 1 Samuel 4:19. (Not frequently, ext. in the case of אָמַר.)

7. Of rule or standard, according to (rare)

• אֵל מִצְוָה according to the command of, Joshua 15:13; Joshua 17:4; Joshua 21:3 (generally עַל מִצְוָה); אֵל נָבוֹן according to what is fixed = of a certainty 1 Samuel 23:23; 1 Samuel 26:4 (see Dr); perhaps Psalm 5:1; Psalm 80:1 (Psalm 45:1 עַל).

8. Expressing presence at a spot, against; at, by

• Not merely after verbs expressing or implying motion (compare 1), as Joshua 11:5 and they came and encamped together אֵל מֵי מְרוֹם at the waters of Merom, 1 Samuel 5:4 cut off (and fallen) on to the threshold, 2 Samuel 2:23 and elsewhere and smote him אֵל הַחֹמֶשׁ in or on the belly, Deuteronomy 33:28; Exodus 29:12; Leviticus 4:7; but also in other cases, as Joshua 5:3 and he circumcised the Israelites אֵל גִּבְעַת הָעֲרָלִים at the hill of the foreskins, Joshua 22:11 have built an altar אֵל גְּלִילוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן by the districts of Jordan, Judges 12:6; 2 Samuel 3:32, 2 Samuel 14:30 & 2 Samuel 18:4 אֵל יַד at the side of (elsewhere לְיַד, עַל יַד), 1 Kings 13:20 as they were sitting אֵל הַשֻּׁלְחָן at the table, 2 Kings 11:14 אֵל הַמֶּלֶךְ by the king, Jeremiah 41:12 and found him by the great waters, etc., Jeremiah 46:10 אֵל נְהַר מְרָתַיִם by the Euphrates, Ezekiel 3:15; Ezekiel 11:11; Ezekiel 17:8; Ezekiel 31:7; Ezekiel 40:18; Ezekiel 43:3; Ezekiel 47:7; Ezekiel 48:12.

9. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

• Thus אֵל אַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 5:23; 2 Kings 9:18, 2 Kings 9:19 סֹב אֵל אַחֲרֵי turn to behind me, Zechariah 6:5 (where אֵל is pleonastic, probably due to clerical error; note יָצָא אֵל before & after); אֵל בֵּין in between Ezekiel 31:10, Ezekiel 31:14; אֱל בֵּינֹת similarly Ezekiel 10:2; אֵל בֵּית to (the part) within (see below בַּיִת), in within Leviticus 16:15; 2 Kings 11:15 have her forth in within the ranks; אֵל מוּל see מוּל; אֵל מִנֶּגֶב to the south of Joshua 15:3; אֵל מִחוּץ to the outside of Leviticus 4:12, Leviticus 4:21 +; אֵל נֹכַח to the front of Numbers 19:4; אֵל תַּחַת Judges 6:19; 1 Kings 8:6 and elsewhere (see below תַּחַת).

Note I. — In Genesis 20:13 אֵל כָּל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר נָבוֹא שָׁמָּה וְג׳; Numbers 33:54 אֵל אֲשֶׁר וְג׳; Proverbs 17:8 (compare Deuteronomy 16:6); — אֵל appears to be used by a species of attraction; the idea of motion involved in the relative clause influencing illogically the beginning of the sentence and causing אֵל to be used instead of בְּ. In Deuteronomy 31:14 אֱלֵיהֶם, as pointed, can only be from אֵל III or IV (q. v.); if the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

Note 2. — There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences. Thus (a) Joshua 5:14 וַיִּמָּל אֵל מָנָיִו; 1 Samuel 13:13 אַתְּמַמְלֵאתָּ אֵלִי שְׂרָאֵל; 1 Samuel 14:34 (see below 5); 1 Samuel 17:3 עֹמְדִים אֵל הָהָר (contracted עַל הָהָר Deuteronomy 11:29); Deuteronomy 19:16; 2 Samuel 6:3; 2 Samuel 20:23 (contracted 2 Samuel 8:16) 1 Kings 13:29; 1 Kings 18:46 (contracted 2 Kings 3:15 עַל) Jeremiah 35:15; Ezekiel 7:18. (b) Judges 6:37 and upon (עַל) all the earth let there be dryness, Judges 6:39 let there be dryness on (אֵל) the fleece; 1 Samuel 14:10 come up עָלֵינוּ, 1 Samuel 14:12 come up אֱלֵינוּ; 1 Samuel 16:23 & 1 Samuel 16:16 & 1 Samuel 18:10 צָלַח אֵל, 1 Samuel 10:6 and elsewhere צָלַח עַל; 1 Samuel 25:17 evil is determined אֵל אֲדֹנִינוּ וְעַל כָּל בֵּיתוֹ; 1 Samuel 25:25; 1 Samuel 27:10; 2 Samuel 2:9 וַיַּמְלֵךְ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ אֵל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳ עַל וְג׳; 2 Samuel 3:29 יָחֻל עַל וְאֵל; 2 Kings 8:3 & 2 Kings 8:5; Jeremiah 19:15; Jeremiah 25:2; Jeremiah 26:15 ye lay innocent blood עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֵל הָעִיר הַזֹּאת; Jeremiah 27:19; Jeremiah 28:8; Jeremiah 33:14; Jeremiah 34:7; Jeremiah 36:31; Jeremiah 37:13, Jeremiah 37:14; Ezekiel 18:6, Ezekiel 18:11 & Ezekiel 18:15; Ezekiel 21:12 etc. Psalm 79:6 (Jeremiah 10:25 עַל twice). It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers. Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל, as 1 Samuel 1:10 הִתְפַּלֵּל עַל to pray to (1 Samuel 1:26 אֵל); 1 Samuel 1:13; 1 Samuel 25:25 אֵל עַל; 1 Kings 20:43 וַיֵּלֶךְ עַל בֵּיתוֹ (1 Kings 21:4 אֵל); Isaiah 22:15; Jeremiah 11:2; Jeremiah 23:35; Jeremiah 31:12. compare Dr Sm i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

¹ If the word be taken as the Pronoun with suffix (Hi Ke), אֲלֵיהֶם must be read.

² There is a tendency in Hebrew, especially manifest in Samuel Kings Jeremiah Ezekiel, to use אֵל in the sense of עַל; sometimes אֵל being used exceptionally in a phrase or construction which regularly, and in accusative with analogy, has עַל; sometimes, the two prepositions interchanging, apparently without discrimination, in the same or parallel sentences.

³ It is probably that this interchange, at least in many cases, is not original, but due to transcribers.

⁴ Conversely, though not with the same frequency, עַל occurs where analogy would lead us to expect אֵל, or even in juxtaposition with אֵל.

⁵ Compare Driver, Samuel, i. 13, 13; ii. 8, 7; 15, 4.

Preposition

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0413:

No stats available

עמו עַמּוֹ

people of himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עם

ʻam

Definition

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

Root

from H6004 (עמם);

Exhaustive

from עמם; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock; folk, men, nation, people.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5971

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַם

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1100

Properly union, association, community, congregation, company. Hence: 1. A people (including the Israelite people, different nations, mankind, inhabitants of a city, countrymen, a tribe, kindred, or family-stock). 2. The mass of the people, the populace, or lower people (opposed to leaders/rich). 3. A troop of animals.

עַם

noun m. • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

People, the community, the mass of the people. Used along with אֻמָּה and גּוֹי.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַם

com. gen. • Page 512

a people, i. e. my people or country. Applied to animals, Prov. 30: 25, 26. Ps. 74: 14. Plur. עַמִּים (rarely in Chaldaic form עַמְמִים). Denotes the Jews as opposed to other nations (gentiles). Sometimes plur. stands for singular as Lev. 19: 16. נֶאֱסַף אֶל־עַמָּיו to be gathered to his people, i. e. to die.

עַם

chald. n. • Page 512

idem. Plur. עַמְמִין, emph. עַמְמַיָּא, Dan. 3 : 4, 7, 31. 5 : 19. 6 : 26. 7 : 14.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5971

I. עַם, עָם (approximate number of occurrences: 1840) noun masculine^{Genesis 11:6} — people.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew עַם (idem, plebeian)
• Aramaic עַמָּא people (plural peoples, tribes)
• Syriac ܥܡܐ
• Arabic عم (original meaning probably those united, connected, related¹)

— עַם absolute Genesis 11:6 +; עָם Judges 9:36 +; הָעָם Joshua 8:11 +; construct עַם Numbers 21:29 +; suffix עַמִּי Exodus 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Exodus 22:27 +; plural עַמִּים Isaiah 2:3 +; עֲמָמִים Nehemiah 9:22; construct עַמֵּי 1 Kings 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Nehemiah 9:24.

(Thesaurus cites following as feminine: וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Exodus 5:16 [but corrupt; read וְחַטָאתָ לְעַ, so Septuagint, Peshitta]; Judges 18:7 [but agrees with lost word city]; Jeremiah 8:5 [but read שׁוֺבַב]).

1. A people, nation

Collective noun (sometimes parallel גּוֺי):

• עַם אֶחָד (all mankind) Genesis 11:6 (Jehovist Source)
• Peoples in General: Genesis 27:29 (Jehovist Source; parallel לְאֻמִּים), Exodus 19:5 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 2:25, Deuteronomy 4:6, Nehemiah 13:24
• קְהַל עַמִּים assembly of peoples Genesis 28:3 (Priests' Code), Genesis 48:4 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 23:24
• Particular peoples: Egypt Genesis 41:40 (Elohist Source); עַם־אֲרָם Amos 1:5; Moab (עַם־כְּמוֺשׁ) Numbers 21:29 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Especially Israel: Exodus 1:20 (Elohist Source); עַם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Exodus 1:9 (Jehovist Source); עַם יהוה Numbers 11:29 (Elohist Source), 1 Samuel 2:24
• Figurative of ants Proverbs 30:25, rock-rabbits Proverbs 30:26, locusts Joel 2:2

2. Smaller units

a. Inhabitants of a city

• Genesis 19:4 (Jehovist Source)
• 1 Samuel 9:12, 13
• Jeremiah 29:16, 25

b. Inhabitants of a locality

• Jeremiah 37:12

c. Retainers, followers

• Genesis 14:16
• Genesis 32:8
• Genesis 33:15
• 2 Samuel 15:17

d. People bearing arms

• 1 Samuel 11:11
• עַם כָּבֵד (powerful force) Numbers 20:20 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• עַם הַצָּבָא Numbers 31:32 (Priests' Code)
• עַם הַמִּלְחָמָה Joshua 8:1, 3, 11 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

3. Common people

• Jeremiah 21:7, 22:4
• Leviticus 4:27 (opposed to ruler)
• Nehemiah 5:1, 7:5 (opposed to rulers)

4. Persons in general

• Genesis 50:20 (Elohist Source)
• Exodus 33:16 (Jehovist Source)
• עַם עוֺלָם (people of long ago in Sheol) Ezekiel 26:20

5. Common phrases

a. Compatriots

• בְּנֵי עַמּוֺ Numbers 22:5 (Elohist Source), Genesis 23:11 (Priests' Code), Leviticus 19:18 (Holiness Code)

b. Common people

• בְּנֵי הָעָם 2 Kings 23:6, 26:23

c. People of the land

• עַם הָאָרֶץ 2 Kings 11:14, Jeremiah 37:2, Genesis 23:7 (Priests' Code)

d. Designations of Israel

• עַם קָדוֺשׁ (holy people) Deuteronomy 7:6
• עַם סְגֻלָּה (treasured people) Deuteronomy 7:6, 26:18

---

II. [עַם] noun masculine — kinsman (later development of I. עַם²).

Cognates:

• Arabic عم paternal uncle
• Nabataean עם ancestor³

— suffix עַמִּי in בֶּן־עַמִּי; plural suffix עַמֶּיךָ Numbers 27:13, Numbers 31:2; עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8 +; עַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14 +.

1. father's kinsmen (especially of joining them in Sheol)
   • וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶל־עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8, 25:17, 35:29, 49:33 (all Priests' Code)
2. severed from kinsmen (excision)
   • וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14, Leviticus 7:20, Exodus 31:14 (Holiness Code)

---

Aramaic

עַם (compare Biblical Hebrew I. עַם) noun masculine — people.

• absolute Daniel 2:44, 3:29; Ezra 6:12
• construct Daniel 7:27
• emphatic עַמָּא Ezra 7:13, עַמָּה Ezra 5:12
• plural emphatic עַמֲמַיָּא Daniel 3:4, 3:7, 5:19, 7:14

¹ Julius Wellhausen, Grundriss der Geschichte Israels und Judas (GGN 1893, 480).

² W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia, 2nd ed., p. 72.

³ Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (1898), pp. 151, 499.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: λαοῦ λαὸσ λαὸν λαῷ λαόν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5971a:

λαοῦ 347× (18.2%)

λαὸσ 338× (17.6%)

λαὸν 251× (13.2%)

λαῷ 173× (8.7%)

λαόν 170× (8.8%)

λαόσ 132× (6.8%)

ἐθνῶν 46× (2.5%)

'' 43× (2.2%)

--- 41× (2.5%)

ἔθνη 39× (2.2%)

הנה הִנֵּ֗ה

Behold

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הנה

hinnêh

Definition

lo!

Root

prolongation for H2005 (הן);

Exhaustive

prolongation for הן; lo!; behold, lo, see.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2009

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הִנֵּה

adverb / interjection / demonstrative pronoun • Root הן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 408

A demonstrative particle, functioning as an adverb or interjection. Its primary meanings are there, here, behold!, lo!. It points to a definite existence or presence (e.g., 'is there', 'was there'), and is frequently used with suffixes (הִנְנִי, behold me; הִנְךָ, behold you). Before participles, it adds demonstrative liveliness. It can also function as a mere exclamation or mean 'if'.

Matched via consonantal key only

הֵנָּה

personal pronoun • Consonantal / Medium • Page 408

They (feminine). A 3rd person plural feminine personal pronoun. Related to הֵן I.

Matched via consonantal key only

הֵנָּה

adverb • Root הן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 408

An adverb of place and time. 1. hither, to this place, often used after verbs of motion or to add the idea of motion. Can also mean 'thus far' or 'of time till now'. 2. here, in this place.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הִנֵּה

interjection • Page 191

see! behold! Very frequent. (Gen. 19:2; Dan. 12:5; 1 K. 20:40).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2009

I. הִנֵּה (once הִנֶּהֿ Genesis 19:2) demonstrative particle — lo! behold!.

Cognates:

• Arabic إِنَّ (certainly, surely, literally lo!)

— with suffix (the pronoun being conceived as accusative¹) הִנְנִי Genesis 6:13 + often; (also הִנֶּ֣נִּי Genesis 22:7), הִנֵּ֑נִי Genesis 22:1, 11 +; (הִנֶּ֔נִּי Genesis 27:18); Isaiah 65:1 הִנֵּ֣נִי הִנֵּ֔נִי; but הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי is also said Genesis 24:13, 43; Genesis 25:32; Genesis 48:21; Exodus 4:23; Exodus 7:17 +; and, more rarely, הִנֵּה אֲנִי Ezekiel 37:5, 12, 19, 21; 2 Chronicles 2:3, compare 2 Kings 10:9; Jeremiah 32:27; הִנְּךָ Genesis 20:3 + (2 Kings 7:2 הִנְּכָה), הִנֶּ֑ךָּ Psalm 139:8; feminine הִנָּךָ Genesis 16:11 (6 times); הִנּוֺ Numbers 23:17; Job 2:6; 1 Chronicles 11:25; הִנֵּ֫הוּ Jeremiah 18:3 Kt (הִנֵּה הוּא is more usual, as Genesis 20:16; Genesis 42:27; 1 Samuel 10:22; Jeremiah 38:5; Ruth 3:2); 1 plural הִנְנוּ Joshua 9:25; 2 Samuel 5:1; Jeremiah 3:22; Ezra 9:15, הִנֶּ֫נּוּ Genesis 44:16; Genesis 50:18; Numbers 14:40, הִנֵּנ֑וּ Job 38:35; הִנְּכֶם Deuteronomy 1:10; Jeremiah 16:12; הִנָּם Genesis 40:5 + often (37 times) — lo! behold!

1. Pointing to persons or things

a. General usage

• Genesis 12:19 and now הִנֵּה אִשְׁתְּךָ behold thy wife!
• Genesis 18:9 הִנֵּה בָאֹהֶל behold (she is) in the tent (the suffix being not unfrequently omitted when the noun has immediately preceded, Genesis 16:14; compare Driver² § 135. 6, 2), Genesis 30:3; Genesis 31:51; Exodus 24:8 etc.

b. In response to a call ("Here I am!")

• Genesis 22:1, 7, 11; Genesis 27:1, 18; Genesis 31:11; Genesis 37:13; Genesis 46:2; Exodus 3:4; 1 Samuel 3:4, 5, 6, 8, 16; 1 Samuel 22:12; 2 Samuel 1:7; Isaiah 6:8.
• 1 Samuel 12:3 הִנְנִי עֲנוּ בִי here I am, answer against me; 1 Samuel 14:43; 2 Samuel 15:26 (in resignation: compare Genesis 44:16; Genesis 50:18; Joshua 9:25; Ezra 9:15).
• Of God: Isaiah 52:6; Isaiah 58:9; Isaiah 65:1.
• Plural: Numbers 14:40; Jeremiah 3:22; Job 38:35.
• Emphatic: הִנְנִי אָ֕נִי Ezekiel 34:11, 20, compare Ezekiel 6:3.

2. Introducing clauses involving predication

a. Reference to the past or present

Pointing to some truth either newly asserted or recognized:

• Genesis 1:29 behold! I have given to you all herbs etc. Genesis 17:20; Genesis 27:6; 1 Samuel 14:33.
• In proposals or entreaties using הִנֵּהנָֿא: Genesis 12:11; Genesis 16:2; Genesis 18:7; 1 Kings 20:31; 1 Kings 22:13.

b. Reference to the future

Introducing a solemn declaration or prediction, especially with the participle (futuram instans³):

• Genesis 20:3 הִנְּךָ מֵת behold thou art about to die.
• Exodus 4:23; Exodus 7:17; Exodus 9:3; Deuteronomy 31:17; 1 Samuel 3:11; Isaiah 3:1; Isaiah 10:33; Isaiah 17:1; Isaiah 19:1.
• Phrase הנה ימים באים: 1 Samuel 2:31; 2 Kings 20:17; Amos 4:2; Amos 8:11; Amos 9:13 + Jeremiah 15:1 etc.
• With 1sg הִנְנִי מֵבִיא: Genesis 6:17; Exodus 10:4; Isaiah 13:17; Isaiah 29:14; Isaiah 43:19; Jeremiah 8:17; Jeremiah 11:22 (הִנְנִי פֹקֵד); Jeremiah 16:16; Jeremiah 20:4.
• Anomalously with change of person: Isaiah 28:16 הִנְנִי יִסַּד behold me, one who has founded; Isaiah 29:14 הִנְנִי יוֺסִף behold me, one who will add (so Isaiah 38:5).

3. Use in historical style (וְהִנֵּה)

Frequently after verbs of seeing or discovering, making narrative graphic:

• Genesis 1:31 and behold, it was very good, Genesis 6:12; Genesis 8:13; Genesis 15:12; Genesis 18:2; Genesis 37:29; Exodus 2:6; Deuteronomy 9:13.
• In descriptions of dreams or visions: Genesis 37:7, 9; Genesis 40:9, 16; Genesis 41:1–3; Isaiah 29:8; Amos 7:1, 4; Amos 8:1.
• With a participle (past context): Genesis 24:30; Genesis 37:15; Judges 9:43; Judges 11:34; 1 Kings 19:5, 11.

4. As conditional particle (if)

Rare usage, nearly equivalent to II. הֵן:

• Leviticus 13:5, 6, 7, 8; Deuteronomy 13:15.
• Deuteronomy 17:4 וְהִנֵּה אֱמֶת and behold it is true = and if it be true; Deuteronomy 19:18; 1 Samuel 20:12; 1 Samuel 9:7; 2 Samuel 18:11; Hosea 9:6.

¹ Ewald's Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, § 262 c (Ew).

² S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew, § 135. 6, 2.

³ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew, § 135. 3.

Particle interjection

LXX: ἰδοὺ --- ἰδού '' ἦν

LXX Usage Statistics

H2009:

ἰδοὺ 634× (73.5%)

--- 25× (3.1%)

ἰδού 14× (1.6%)

'' 12× (1.3%)

ἦν 9× (0.9%)

ἐστιν 8× (0.8%)

ὅτι 7× (0.9%)

ἰδου 7× (0.8%)

νῦν 6× (0.7%)

ὧδε 6× (0.7%)

עם עַ֚ם

together with/a people

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עם

ʻam

Definition

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

Root

from H6004 (עמם);

Exhaustive

from עמם; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock; folk, men, nation, people.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5971

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַם

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1100

Properly union, association, community, congregation, company. Hence: 1. A people (including the Israelite people, different nations, mankind, inhabitants of a city, countrymen, a tribe, kindred, or family-stock). 2. The mass of the people, the populace, or lower people (opposed to leaders/rich). 3. A troop of animals.

עַם

noun m. • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

People, the community, the mass of the people. Used along with אֻמָּה and גּוֹי.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַם

com. gen. • Page 512

a people, i. e. my people or country. Applied to animals, Prov. 30: 25, 26. Ps. 74: 14. Plur. עַמִּים (rarely in Chaldaic form עַמְמִים). Denotes the Jews as opposed to other nations (gentiles). Sometimes plur. stands for singular as Lev. 19: 16. נֶאֱסַף אֶל־עַמָּיו to be gathered to his people, i. e. to die.

עַם

chald. n. • Page 512

idem. Plur. עַמְמִין, emph. עַמְמַיָּא, Dan. 3 : 4, 7, 31. 5 : 19. 6 : 26. 7 : 14.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5971

I. עַם, עָם (approximate number of occurrences: 1840) noun masculine^{Genesis 11:6} — people.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew עַם (idem, plebeian)
• Aramaic עַמָּא people (plural peoples, tribes)
• Syriac ܥܡܐ
• Arabic عم (original meaning probably those united, connected, related¹)

— עַם absolute Genesis 11:6 +; עָם Judges 9:36 +; הָעָם Joshua 8:11 +; construct עַם Numbers 21:29 +; suffix עַמִּי Exodus 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Exodus 22:27 +; plural עַמִּים Isaiah 2:3 +; עֲמָמִים Nehemiah 9:22; construct עַמֵּי 1 Kings 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Nehemiah 9:24.

(Thesaurus cites following as feminine: וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Exodus 5:16 [but corrupt; read וְחַטָאתָ לְעַ, so Septuagint, Peshitta]; Judges 18:7 [but agrees with lost word city]; Jeremiah 8:5 [but read שׁוֺבַב]).

1. A people, nation

Collective noun (sometimes parallel גּוֺי):

• עַם אֶחָד (all mankind) Genesis 11:6 (Jehovist Source)
• Peoples in General: Genesis 27:29 (Jehovist Source; parallel לְאֻמִּים), Exodus 19:5 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 2:25, Deuteronomy 4:6, Nehemiah 13:24
• קְהַל עַמִּים assembly of peoples Genesis 28:3 (Priests' Code), Genesis 48:4 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 23:24
• Particular peoples: Egypt Genesis 41:40 (Elohist Source); עַם־אֲרָם Amos 1:5; Moab (עַם־כְּמוֺשׁ) Numbers 21:29 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Especially Israel: Exodus 1:20 (Elohist Source); עַם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Exodus 1:9 (Jehovist Source); עַם יהוה Numbers 11:29 (Elohist Source), 1 Samuel 2:24
• Figurative of ants Proverbs 30:25, rock-rabbits Proverbs 30:26, locusts Joel 2:2

2. Smaller units

a. Inhabitants of a city

• Genesis 19:4 (Jehovist Source)
• 1 Samuel 9:12, 13
• Jeremiah 29:16, 25

b. Inhabitants of a locality

• Jeremiah 37:12

c. Retainers, followers

• Genesis 14:16
• Genesis 32:8
• Genesis 33:15
• 2 Samuel 15:17

d. People bearing arms

• 1 Samuel 11:11
• עַם כָּבֵד (powerful force) Numbers 20:20 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• עַם הַצָּבָא Numbers 31:32 (Priests' Code)
• עַם הַמִּלְחָמָה Joshua 8:1, 3, 11 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

3. Common people

• Jeremiah 21:7, 22:4
• Leviticus 4:27 (opposed to ruler)
• Nehemiah 5:1, 7:5 (opposed to rulers)

4. Persons in general

• Genesis 50:20 (Elohist Source)
• Exodus 33:16 (Jehovist Source)
• עַם עוֺלָם (people of long ago in Sheol) Ezekiel 26:20

5. Common phrases

a. Compatriots

• בְּנֵי עַמּוֺ Numbers 22:5 (Elohist Source), Genesis 23:11 (Priests' Code), Leviticus 19:18 (Holiness Code)

b. Common people

• בְּנֵי הָעָם 2 Kings 23:6, 26:23

c. People of the land

• עַם הָאָרֶץ 2 Kings 11:14, Jeremiah 37:2, Genesis 23:7 (Priests' Code)

d. Designations of Israel

• עַם קָדוֺשׁ (holy people) Deuteronomy 7:6
• עַם סְגֻלָּה (treasured people) Deuteronomy 7:6, 26:18

---

II. [עַם] noun masculine — kinsman (later development of I. עַם²).

Cognates:

• Arabic عم paternal uncle
• Nabataean עם ancestor³

— suffix עַמִּי in בֶּן־עַמִּי; plural suffix עַמֶּיךָ Numbers 27:13, Numbers 31:2; עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8 +; עַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14 +.

1. father's kinsmen (especially of joining them in Sheol)
   • וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶל־עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8, 25:17, 35:29, 49:33 (all Priests' Code)
2. severed from kinsmen (excision)
   • וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14, Leviticus 7:20, Exodus 31:14 (Holiness Code)

---

Aramaic

עַם (compare Biblical Hebrew I. עַם) noun masculine — people.

• absolute Daniel 2:44, 3:29; Ezra 6:12
• construct Daniel 7:27
• emphatic עַמָּא Ezra 7:13, עַמָּה Ezra 5:12
• plural emphatic עַמֲמַיָּא Daniel 3:4, 3:7, 5:19, 7:14

¹ Julius Wellhausen, Grundriss der Geschichte Israels und Judas (GGN 1893, 480).

² W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia, 2nd ed., p. 72.

³ Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (1898), pp. 151, 499.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: λαοῦ λαὸσ λαὸν λαῷ λαόν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5971a:

λαοῦ 347× (18.2%)

λαὸσ 338× (17.6%)

λαὸν 251× (13.2%)

λαῷ 173× (8.7%)

λαόν 170× (8.8%)

λαόσ 132× (6.8%)

ἐθνῶν 46× (2.5%)

'' 43× (2.2%)

--- 41× (2.5%)

ἔθνη 39× (2.2%)

בני בְּנֵי

sons/my son

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1121

I. בֵּן (approximate number of occurrences: 4870) noun masculine — son.

Cognates:

• Phoenician בן
• Sabean בני
• Arabic ٱבْن
• Assyrian binu
• Aramaic בַּר (plural בְּנִין)
• Possibly connected with בנה (build), compare Assyrian bânu (begetter).

— בֵּן absolute Genesis 4:25 +; בֵּןֿ Ezekiel 18:10; construct בֵּן Genesis 49:22; בֶּןֿ Genesis 5:32 +; suffix בְּנוֹ Numbers 23:18; בְּנִי Genesis 49:11; בִּן Deuteronomy 25:2 (32 times); plural בָּנִים Genesis 3:16 +; construct בְּנֵי Genesis 6:2 +; suffix בָּנַי Genesis 31:43 + etc.

1. Son, male child

Born of a woman Genesis 4:25; Genesis 16:11; Isaiah 49:15; begotten by a man Genesis 5:4; often contrasted with בַּת (daughter) Genesis 5:4; Exodus 20:10; Job 1:2.

a. Brother

בֶּן־אִמּוֹ son of his mother, i.e. uterine brother:

• Genesis 43:29
• Judges 8:19
• Psalm 50:20

b. Cousins

• Numbers 36:11 (בְּנֵי דֹדֵיהֶן)

c. As a term of endearment or relation to God

Used of kindliness by Eli to Samuel 1 Samuel 3:6, 16. Expressing intimate relation with God:

• Exodus 4:22 (Israel as בְּנִי בְכֹרִי)
• Hosea 11:1
• Deuteronomy 14:1
• 2 Samuel 7:14 (of Davidic king)

d. Of supernatural beings

• Genesis 6:2, 4 (בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים)
• Job 1:6; Job 38:7

e. Grandson and descendants

• Exodus 10:2 (בֶּן־בִּנְךָ)
• Genesis 29:5 (Laban son [grandson] of Nahor)
• Ruth 4:17 (of Naomi)

f. With personal names or attributes

• Numbers 14:30 (כָּלֵב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּה)
• 1 Samuel 20:27 (בֶּן־יִשַׁי often with contempt)
• Ecclesiastes 10:17 (בֶּן־חוֹרִים son of nobles)

g. Plural to denote membership in a nation or family

• Exodus 1:7 (613 times בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל)
• Genesis 19:38 (בְּנֵי־עַמּוֹן)
• Exodus 32:26 (בְּנֵי לֵוִי)

2. Children (male and female)

• Genesis 3:16
• Exodus 21:5
• Joshua 17:2 (+ זְכָרִים for male children)

3. Youth, young men

• Proverbs 7:7
• Song of Songs 2:3

4. The young of animals

• Leviticus 22:28
• 1 Samuel 6:7
• Job 39:4

5. Of plant-shoots

• Genesis 49:22 (בֵּן פֹּרָת)
• Psalm 80:16

6. Figurative of lifeless things

• Job 5:7 (בְּנֵי רֶשֶׁף sparks)
• Job 41:20 (בֶּן־קָשֶׁת arrows)
• Isaiah 21:10 (בֶּן־גָּרְנִי corn of threshing-floor)

7. Member of a guild, order, or class

• 1 Kings 20:35 (בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים prophetic order)
• Ezra 4:1 (בְּנֵי הַגּוֹלָה exiles)
• Genesis 17:12 (בֶּן־נֵכָר foreigner)
• Exodus 29:1 (בֶּן־בָּקָר one of the herd)

8. As relative noun of quality

• 1 Samuel 14:52 (בֶּן־חַיִל mighty man)
• 2 Samuel 12:5 (בֶּן־מָוֶת worthy of death)
• Numbers 17:25 (בְּנֵי מֶרִי rebels)

9. Noun relative of age

• Genesis 5:32 (בֶּן־חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה five hundred years old)
• Exodus 30:14 (מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמָעְלָה from twenty years old and upward)
• Exodus 12:5 (בֶּן־שָׁנָה a year old)

¹ Bernhard Stade, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879), § 183.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament (1886).

³ Jakob Barth, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG), 1887, 638 ff.

⁴ Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889), 75.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

ישראל יִשְׂרָאֵל

God-Contends

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ישראל

Yisrâʼêl

Definition

Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Root

from H8280 (שרה) and H410 (אל); he will rule as God;

Exhaustive

from שרה and אל; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity; Israel.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3478

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יִשְׂרָאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root שרה • Strongs / High • Page 662

A proper name with multiple meanings: the patriarch Jacob; the Israelite people; an honorary title for the pious; the northern kingdom of Israel; the whole kingdom after the exile.

יִשְׂרָאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root ישר • Strongs / High • Page 662

A proper name, meaning 'El is a true, honest one.' Described as a ground-form to יְשַׂרְאֵלָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3478

I. יִשְׂרָאֵל (approximate number of occurrences: 2507) proper name masculine and of a people — Israel (El persisteth, persevereth (or jussive Let El persist) [usually contendeth¹ or Let El contend², but see Dr³]; on vocalization see Lag⁴, Kit⁵; see derivatives under I. שׂרה).

Comparative:

• Moabite ישראל (MI⁶)
• Egyptian Y-si-r-’l⁷
• Assyrian Sir-’-lai (= יִשְׂרְאֵלִי)⁸
• Greek Ισραηλ

— On a possible relation to proper name שָׂרַי, שָׂרָה see RS⁹; compare שְׂרָיָה, שְׂרָיָהוּ.

1. Proper name, masculine

Second name of Jacob:

• Genesis 32:29 (28 times Genesis, Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Exodus 32:13 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Hosea 12:13
• Judges 18:29
• Exodus 6:14; Numbers 1:20; Numbers 26:5 (all Priests' Code)
• 2 Kings 17:34
• 1 Chronicles 1:34 (8 times Chronicles)
• Psalm 105:23
• בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל Ruth 4:11
• בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל (literal) Genesis 42:5 (3 times Elohist Source, 2 times Priests' Code) + Exodus 1:7 (Priests' Code; transition to wider use)
• 1 Kings 18:31; 1 Chronicles 2:1 +
• = 12 tribes Exodus 28:9 (7 times Priests' Code)
• אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם יִצְחָק וְיִשְׂרָאֵל 1 Kings 18:36; 1 Chronicles 29:18; 2 Chronicles 30:6

2. Proper name, of a people

(usually masculine Judges 11:17 f. but feminine 1 Samuel 17:21; 2 Samuel 24:9). Name of Hebrew nation; usually derived from 1, but יִשְׂרָאֵל more common in early usage than בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל:

a. Israel

• (1) undivided kingdom; יִשְׂרָאֵל Genesis 47:27 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 49:7 (poem in Jehovist Source) + 108 times Jehovist-Elohist Source, Deuteronomy 1:1; Deuteronomy 18:6; Deuteronomy 33:10 (poem) + 76 times Deuteronomic Source, Genesis 34:7; Exodus 12:15 (42 times Priests' Code); Judges 5:2, 7 (twice) + 104 times Judges; often 1 and 2 Samuel; 1 Kings 1–12; כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל of whole people 2 Samuel 8:15 +, of whole army 2 Samuel 11:1 +, opposed to Judah 2 Samuel 2:9 +.
• (2) יִשְׂרָאֵל = Northern tribes, distinguished from Judah, even before disruption, 2 Samuel 2:9, compare 2:10; 3:10; 4:1; 5:5; 12:7; 20:1; 1 Kings 1:35; 4:20; 5:5 +; so at disruption 1 Kings 12:16 (3 times), 12:18, 19; then usually of Northern kingdom, till its fall, 1 Kings 12:28; 14:7; 10 + very often Kings, Amos 1:1; 2:6; 3:14 +, Hosea 1:5; 4:15 (twice); 5:3 (twice); 5:5 +, Micah 1:13, etc.
• (3) יִשְׂרָאֵל of Southern kingdom, Judah, rarely before fall of Samaria Isaiah 1:3; 8:18; Micah 1:14, 15, so בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל 1 Kings 12:17; after fall of Samaria, יִשְׂרָאֵל (less often בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל) occurs of entire people, in reference to past or future 2 Kings 21:8; 23:22; Isaiah 17:9; Psalm 103:7; Jeremiah 2:3; 50:17, 19 +; יִשְׂרָאֵל also = Judah Jeremiah 2:14, 31; 4:1 +, Ezekiel 13:2, 4, 16; 14:1, 7, 9 +, Isaiah 40:27; 41:8; 42:24 +, Ezra 2:59 = Nehemiah 7:61; Ezra 2:70; Ezra 3:11 +, Nehemiah 10:34; 10:3 +, Psalm 14:7 (twice) = Psalm 53:7 (twice), Psalm 147:2; Psalm 149:2 +, etc.
• (4) usage in Chronicles: יִשְׂרָאֵל of whole people 1 Chronicles 2:7 (110 times), of Northern kingdom 2 Chronicles 11:1 (16 times), of Judah 2 Chronicles 12:6; 19:8 (9 times).
• (5) יִשְׂרָאֵל personified as עֶבֶד יהוה, Isaiah 44:1, 21; Isaiah 49:3.

b. בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל

• (1) of undivided people Exodus 1:12 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 3:9 (Elohist Source) + 72 times Jehovist-Elohist Source, Deuteronomy 3:18; Deuteronomy 10:6 (25 times Deuteronomic Source), Genesis 32:33 (327 times Priests' Code); Judges 1:1 (60 times Judges); seldom 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 Kings 1–12; in 1 Kings 13–2 Kings 25 passive in reference to older history (rarely otherwise).
• (2) seldom of Northern kingdom Amos 2:11 (9 times Amos, Hosea); 2 Chronicles 13:12 (7 times Chronicles).
• (3) of Judah (late) Ezekiel 2:3; Nehemiah 1:6 (twice); Ezra 3:1; Joel 4:16 +, 2 Chronicles 31:5.

c. בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל

• Exodus 16:31; Exodus 40:38 (142 times); 81 times Ezekiel, where = Judah (see especially Exodus 37:16); שְׁנֵי בָֽתֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל Isaiah 8:14.

d. Other phrases

See sub אִישׁ, אֶרֶץ, בַּת, בְּתוּלָה, גְּבוּל, הַר, כִּסֵּא, מֶלֶךְ, מַטֶּה, עֵדָה, עַם, שֵׁבֶט; also (in epithet of יהוה) below אָבִיר, אוֺר, אֱלֹחִים, גָּוֺאל, מֶלֶךְ, מִקְוֶה, צוּר, קָדוֺשׁ, רָעָה.

e. The laity

Opposed to priests, etc. (late):

• Ezra 10:25; Nehemiah 11:3; 1 Chronicles 9:2
• כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 2:70; Ezra 10:5
• הָעָם יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 9:1
• בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Nehemiah 10:40, compare שְׁאָר יִשְׂרָאֵל Nehemiah 11:20

---

Aramaic

I. יִשְׂרָאֵל proper name of a people Israel (Biblical Hebrew id., √ שָׂרָה).

• אֱלַהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:14; Ezra 7:15
• מֶלֶךְ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 5:11
• בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 6:16
• עַמָּא יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 7:13

¹ Eberhard Nestle, *Die israelitischen Eigennamen* (1876), 60 ff.

² G. B. Gray, *Studies in Hebrew Proper Names* (1896), 218.

³ S. R. Driver in Hastings' *Dictionary of the Bible*, article "Jacob," 530.

⁴ Paul de Lagarde, *Uebersicht über die Bildung der Nomina* (1889), 131 f.

⁵ Rudolf Kittel, *The Books of the Chronicles* (1895), on 1 Chronicles 4:16.

⁶ Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone), line 5.

⁷ Georg Steindorff, *Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft* xvi (1896), 331.

⁸ Eberhard Schrader, *Keilinschriften und Geschichtsforschung*, 356 ff.

⁹ W. Robertson Smith, *Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia*, 257 (2nd ed. 34).

Noun proper name

LXX: ισραηλ '' --- ιακωβ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3478:

ισραηλ 2245× (92.9%)

'' 57× (2.1%)

--- 50× (2.2%)

ισραηλ 8× (0.3%)

ιακωβ 4× (0.2%)

t? 4× (0.1%)

ιερουσαλημ 4× (0.2%)

[b] 3× (0.1%)

ισραηλίτου 3× (0.1%)

ισραηλίτιδοσ 3× (0.1%)

רב רַב

multiplying one/abundantly

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רב

rab

Definition

abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)

Root

by contracted from H7231 (רבב);

Exhaustive

by contracted from רבב; abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality); (in) abound(-undance, -ant, -antly), captain, elder, enough, exceedingly, full, great(-ly, man, one), increase, long (enough, (time)), (do, have) many(-ifold, things, a time), (ship-)master, mighty, more, (too, very) much, multiply(-tude), officer, often(-times), plenteous, populous, prince, process (of time), suffice(-lent).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7227

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רַב

adjective / adv. / substantive • Root רבב • Strongs / High • Page 1313

Adjective meaning many, numerous; great, extended, wide, long (of time), violent, strong, or grievous. Also used as an adverb meaning much, in great number, enough, strongly, or richly. Used substantively meaning a great one, a mighty one, or oldest.

רַב

adjective / noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1314

great, large, numerous, much, abundant; also meaning chief, head, commander, captain, president, chamberlain, master; principal persons, judges, nobility; fullness, multitude, mass, quantity, totality. Used as adj. and sometimes adverbially.

רַב

aram. adj. m. (aramaic) • Root רבב • Strongs / High • Page 1314

Aramaic adjective (masc. and fem. רַבָּא) meaning great, in the widest sense, of kingdom, gold, stone, God; large.

רַב

noun masculine • Root רבב • Strongs / High • Page 1314

multitude, mass, plenty, great quantity, fullness, totality (singular collective noun). Plur. constr. רַבֵּי.

רַב

adjective • Root רבה • Strongs / High • Page 1315

Many, numerous; great, large. (Aramaic equivalent: רַבָּא).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רַב

verb • Root רבב • Page 604

1. Much, many, numerous (Num. 32:1). Also as adv. much, exceedingly, enough (Ps. 123:3, Gen. 33:9). 2. Great, mighty (Ps. 31:20, Is. 63:1). 3. Older, major natu (Gen. 25:23). 4. As a subst. a chief, captain, leader (2 K. 25:8, Dan. 1:3).

רַב

chald. • Root רבב • Page 604

1. Great (Dan. 2:10, 31). 2. Subst. a chief, head, captain (Dan. 5:11, 2:48). Plur. רַבְרְבִין (Dan. 3:33).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7227

I. רַב (approximate number of occurrences: 429) adjective — much, many, great.

— רַב masculine singular absolute Genesis 24:25 +; רָ֑ב Genesis 33:9 +; construct רַב Exodus 34:6 +; feminine singular רַבָּה Numbers 11:33 +; construct רַבַּת Ezekiel 22:5 +; רַבָּ֫תִי (compare GKC¹ §90 k 1) Lamentations 1:1; masculine plural absolute רַבִּים Exodus 23:2 +; feminine plural absolute רַבּוֺת Genesis 30:43 +.

1. Much or Many

a. much (of substances)

• 1 Kings 10:2 (gold)
• Psalm 19:11
• 2 Kings 12:11 (silver)

b. many (persons or things)

• Exodus 5:5
• 1 Kings 4:20
• Genesis 21:34 (יָמִים רַבִּים many days)
• Numbers 20:11 (מַיִם רַבִּים many waters)
• Daniel 11:41 (noun omitted; understood as lands)

c. as substantive collective

• Exodus 19:21 (many people)
• 1 Samuel 14:6 (opposed to מְעַט)
• Ezekiel 24:12 (much)

d. construct meaning abounding in

• רַב־בְּרֶכוֹת Proverbs 28:20
• רַב־חֶסֶד Exodus 34:6
• רַב־כֹּחַ Psalm 147:5
• רַבַּת בָּנִים 1 Samuel 2:5

e. with comparison (מִן)

• Exodus 1:9 (more numerous than)
• Genesis 36:7 (too many to)

f. abundant or enough

• Genesis 45:28 (רַב enough!)
• Deuteronomy 3:26 (רַב־לָךְ let it suffice thee)
• Numbers 16:3 (ye assume too much)

g. as adverb: much, exceedingly (only in Psalms)

• Psalm 123:3
• Psalm 62:3 (רַבָּה)
• Psalm 65:10 (רַבַּת Aramaism)

2. Great

a. of space and magnitude

• Genesis 7:11 (the great deep)
• Lamentations 1:1 (great city)
• Genesis 6:5 (great wickedness)

b. specifically strong

• 2 Chronicles 14:10 (opposed to אֵין כֹּחַ)
• Isaiah 63:1 (רַב לְהוֺשִׁיעַ mighty to save)

c. of age (major natu)

• Genesis 25:23 (the elder, opposed to צָעִיר)
• Job 32:9 (as substantive: the aged)

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

II. רַב (approximate number of occurrences: 49) noun masculine — chief.

Cognates:

• Assyrian-Babylonian rab
• Aramaic רַב

— construct רַב Jeremiah 39:9 +; plural construct רַבֵּי Jeremiah 39:13, Jeremiah 41:1.

1. Meaning and Uses

a. Titles of officers

• רַב טַבָּחִים chief of guardsmen Jeremiah 39:9, 2 Kings 25:8 +
• רַב הַחֹבֵל chief of the sailors (captain) Jonah 1:6
• רַב־מָג chief soothsayer (or rab-mugi) Jeremiah 39:3
• רַב־סָרִיס chief eunuch (or rabû-ša-rêši) 2 Kings 18:17, Jeremiah 39:13
• רַבְשָׁקֵה chief of the officers (Assyrian rab-šakû) 2 Kings 18:17, Isaiah 36:2 +

b. General usage

• Esther 1:8 (כָּל־רַב בֵּיתוֹ every officer of his house)
• Daniel 1:3 (רַב סָרִיסָיו)

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (1896).

² Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT).

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: πολλὰ πολλῶν πολλοὶ πολὺ πολλοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7227a:

πολλὰ 37× (7.8%)

πολλῶν 30× (6.3%)

πολλοὶ 28× (5.7%)

πολὺ 18× (3.6%)

πολλοῖσ 17× (3.4%)

'' 17× (3.1%)

πλείουσ 15× (3.1%)

ἀρχιμάγειροσ 15× (2.7%)

πολὺσ 15× (3.1%)

--- 14× (3.0%)

ועצום וְעָצוּם

and powerful

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עצום

ʻâtsûwm

Definition

powerful (specifically, a paw); by implication, numerous

Root

or עצם; passive participle of H6105 (עצם);

Exhaustive

or עצם; passive participle of עצם; powerful (specifically, a paw); by implication, numerous; [phrase] feeble, great, mighty, must, strong.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6099

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָצוּם

adjective • Root עצם • Strongs / High • Page 1120

adj. m. strong, powerful (of fire, water), mighty, extraordinary; numerous.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָצוּם

m. verbal from עָצַם • Root עצם • Page 521

1. strong, mighty. Num. 14:12. 2. numerous. Joel 1:6. Ps. 35:18. 3. the strong ones, claws. Ps. 10:10.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6099

I. עָצוּם (approximate number of occurrences: 31) adjective — mighty, numerous.

Cognates:

• Arabic عَصَمَ defend, protect
• Arabic عِصْمَة defence

— עָצוּם Genesis 18:18 +; plural עֲצוּמִים Isaiah 8:7 +, עֲצֻמִים Micah 4:3 +; suffix עֲצוּמָיו Psalm 10:10.

1. Mighty

a. Especially of people, strong in numbers

(often parallel to רַב, גָּדוֺל)

• Genesis 18:18
• Exodus 1:9 (3 times, Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 4:38 (6 times, Deuteronomic Source)
• Micah 4:3, 7
• Zechariah 8:22
• Isaiah 60:22 (opposed to צָעִיר)

b. Of locusts

• Joel 1:6
• Joel 2:2, 5, compare Joel 2:11

c. Of an army (חַיִל)

• Daniel 11:25

d. Feeble (literally "not mighty")

• Proverbs 30:26 (of the שָׁפָן)

e. Of individual kings

• Psalm 135:10

f. Of waters

• Isaiah 8:7

g. As substantive (the mighty)

• Proverbs 18:18
• Daniel 8:24
• Psalm 10:10 (his mighty ones, i.e. claws, of a lion³)

2. Numerous, countless

(all parallel to רַב)

• Amos 5:12
• Psalm 35:18
• As substantive = many Isaiah 53:12; Proverbs 7:26

— Isaiah 41:21 see עֲצֻמָה below עצם.

¹ Jehovist (Yahwist) and Elohist Sources.

² Deuteronomic Source.

³ Interpretation followed by Ewald, Delitzsch, Cheyne, Baethgen, and others.

⁴ Bernhard Duhm; Gesenius' Thesaurus.

Conjunction, Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: ἰσχυρὸν ἰσχυρότερα ἰσχυρὰ ἰσχυρόν πλῆθοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6099:

ἰσχυρὸν 3× (9.6%)

ἰσχυρότερα 3× (9.1%)

ἰσχυρὰ 2× (7.1%)

ἰσχυρόν 2× (7.1%)

πλῆθοσ 2× (6.6%)

ἰσχύει 2× (6.6%)

ממנו מִמֶּנּוּ׃

from out of him/us

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מן

min

Definition

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

Root

or מני; or מני; (constructive plural) (Isaiah 30:11); for H4482 (מן);

Exhaustive

or מני; or מני; (constructive plural) (Isaiah 30:11); for מן; properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses; above, after, among, at, because of, by (reason of), from (among), in, [idiom] neither, [idiom] nor, (out) of, over, since, [idiom] then, through, [idiom] whether, with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4480

נו

Definition

us, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 1st person common plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9035

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִן

m. / preposition • Root מנן • Strongs / High • Page 865

A part, portion. Also used as a preposition: from, of, out of.

מִן

preposition • Strongs / High • Page 866

A preposition with the primary meaning 'from'. It denotes separation, removal from an object, motion from a thing in space and time, origin, or a part taken from a whole. Its meanings include 'from', 'out of', 'away from', and it is used to indicate source material, descent, and in comparisons ('than').

מִן

preposition • Strongs / High • Page 867

A preposition primarily meaning 'from' or 'out of'. Its various uses include indicating: source or origin (from, by); cause or means (through, by); separation, removal, or avoidance (away from, without); and forming the comparative degree with adjectives and verbs, equivalent to 'than' (e.g., better than, wiser than). It can also denote preference (more than, instead of).

מִן

preposition • Root מן • Strongs / High • Page 868

A preposition primarily signifying separation, 'from' or 'out of'. Its uses include: denoting removal from a place, origin, or cause; in comparisons, meaning 'than'; in a partitive sense, meaning 'some of', 'one of', or 'a part of'; and in a temporal sense, meaning 'from' or 'since' a particular time. It also appears in negative formulas like 'of nothing' or 'not any one'.

מִן

preposition • Strongs / High • Page 869

A primary preposition with a wide range of meanings including: from, out of, away from (separation); since, after (temporal); because of, on account of (causal); used in a negative sense 'that not', especially with verbs of hindering or preventing.

מִן

preposition • Strongs / High • Page 870

A preposition primarily meaning 'from,' denoting source, separation, or position. It can express concepts such as 'from the opposite side,' 'from below,' 'from above,' 'out of,' 'away from,' and 'from under.'

מִן

aram. prep. (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 870

Aramaic preposition, same as the Hebrew מִן. 1. from, denoting the source whence a thing comes or the cause by which. 2. expressing intensity or increase, meaning 'above' or 'more than'. 3. used in a partitive sense.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִן

unknown • Root מן • Page 350

Out of, from. See the full form מִן.

מִן

m. plur. מִנִּים • Page 383

a string. Ps. 150:4. Perhaps also Ps. 45:9 מִנִּי as an uncommon plural form.

מִן

prefix • Root מנן , • Page 383

1. from (denoting a part). Hence: from the womb (Judg. 16:17); on this side of (1 Sam. 20:21). Often partitive: 'some of' (Lev. 5:9). 2. of, out of (Ps. 45:14). 3. at, in, on, by, in specifications of time and place. 4. on account of, concerning, de (Lev. 6:11 [6:18]).

מִן

preposition • Page 384

A preposition with multiple uses on this page including: 5. towards, to (Gen. 13:11, Judg. 7:1); 6. against (Dan. 11:3, Deut. 33:7); 7. before, in presence of (Nah. 1:5, Num. 32:22); 8. more than (comparative) (Judg. 2:19, Jer. 5:3); 9. by, through (expressing cause) (Job 7:14, Cant. 3:10, Ecc. 12:11); 10. without (Job 11:15, 21:9); 11. before an infinitive expressing 'because', 'since', or 'so that... not' (Deut. 7:8, 2 Chr. 31:10, Gen. 27:1, Ex. 14:5); 12. before a future as a conjunction 'that not', 'lest' (Deut. 33:11); 13. [cut off] from being (Jer. 2:25, 48:2).

מַן

chald. pron. • Page 383

1. who? what? Ezra 5:3, 9. Dan. 3:15. 2. מַן־דִּי whosoever, quicunque. Dan. 3:6, 11. 4:14. [4:17.]

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4480

I. מִן (also מִּ, מִי, מֵ) preposition — out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not.

Cognates:

• Phoenician מ
• Aramaic מִן
• Arabic مِنْ
• Ethiopic እም
• Sabean בן

— מִן before יְ (except Daniel 12:2; 2 Chronicles 20:11) contracted to מִי (as מִידֵי from מִיְּדֵי); before guttural and ר, mostly מֵ, occasionally מִ (Ges^{§ 102, l R.}; more fully Kö^{ii. 291ff}); in poetry also מִנִּי, with the old י of the Genitive (Ges^{§ 90.3a}) Judges 5:14, Isaiah 46:3, Psalm 44:11 +; and מִנֵּי (on analogue of עֲדֵי, עֲלֵי) Isaiah 30:11; suffix 1 singular מִמֶּנִּי, in poetry מִנִּי Isaiah 22:4, מֶ֫נִּי Psalm 18:23; 2 masculine singular מִמְּךָ, מִמֶּ֑ךָּ; 2 feminine singular מִמֵּךְ; 3 masculine singular מִמֶּ֫נּוּ (מֶ֫נְהוּ Job 4:12); 3 feminine singular מִמֶּ֫נָּה; 1 plural מִמֶּ֫נּוּ; 2 masculine plural מִכֶּם; 3 masculine plural מֵהֶם (מִנְּהֶם Job 11:20), מֵהֵ֫מָּה Jeremiah 10:2; 3 feminine plural מֵהֵ֫נָּה, מֵהֶן Ezekiel 16:47.

1. With verbs expressing separation or removal

Whether from a person, place, or direction, also from guilt, calamity, etc.:

a. Local separation and motion

• Exodus 19:14 (descend from a mountain)
• Deuteronomy 22:8 (fall from a roof)
• Isaiah 14:12 (from heaven)
• Joshua 10:7 (go up from a valley)
• With ברח (+ מפני) or חֲדַל מִמֶּנּוּ Exodus 14:2 (desist from us)
• figurative Psalm 18:22 (+ מאלהי) not did wickedly (turning) from my God
• Judges 7:17 ye shall see from me, i.e. learn by observing me

b. Away from, far from

• Proverbs 20:3 שֶׁכֶת מֵרִיב to sit away from strife
• Numbers 15:24 away from the eyes of the congregation
• Job 19:26 מִבְּשָׂרִי (probably) without my flesh shall I see God
• Jeremiah 48:45 without strength

c. Position: off, on the side of, on

• Genesis 2:8 מִקֶּדֶם off, on the east
• Joshua 11:3 מִצָּפוֺן on the north
• Psalm 91:7 מִימִינֶ֑ךָ on thy right
• Genesis 11:2 מִקֶּדֶם not from, but — on, the side of the east, virtually = eastwards

2. Out of (Greek ἐκ, Latin ex)

a. Of proceeding, expelling, or looking out of

• Genesis 3:23 (שִׁלַּח)
• Exodus 2:10 (draw out of water)
• Songs 2:9 look out מִן הַחַלֹּנוֺת from the windows
• Exodus 19:5 סְגֻלָּה מִכָּל הָעַמִּים a treasure (chosen) out of all peoples

b. Of the material out of which anything is formed

• Genesis 2:19 form מִן הָאֲדָמָה out of the soil
• Hosea 13:2 make images מִכַּסְמָּם
• Isaiah 40:17 מֵאַיִן as made of nought

c. Of source or origin

• Job 1:21 מִבֶּטֶן coming forth from the womb
• Judges 12:8 אבצן מבית לחם Ibzan from Bethlehem
• Numbers 16:28 לֹא מִלִּבִּי not from my own heart (self-devised)

d. Of the source or author of an action

• 1 Samuel 24:14 from the wicked proceedeth wickedness
• Genesis 24:50 the thing proceedeth from יהוה

e. Immediate or efficient cause

• Genesis 19:36 הָֽרְתָה מִן pregnant by
• Isaiah 6:4 shook מִקּוֺל הַקּוֺרֵא at the voice of him that cried
• Job 4:9 at the breath of God
• Psalm 27:1 (מָּחַד) fear of

f. feminine of the remoter cause, the ultimate ground

• Exodus 2:23 sighed מִן הָעֲבֹדָה on account of the bondage
• Isaiah 53:5 wounded מִמְּשָׁעֵינוּ on account of our transgressions
• Genesis 16:10 מֵרֹב for abundance

3. Partitively

a. One or some out of many

• Genesis 6:19 שְׁנַיִם מִכֹּל two out of all
• 1 Samuel 14:39 אֵין מִן there is not any

b. Indefinite: some of

• Exodus 16:27 there went out (some) of the people
• Genesis 4:3 brought of the fruit of the ground
• 1 Samuel 14:45 a single hair of his head

4. Of time

a. Terminus a quo: from, since

• Deuteronomy 9:24 מִיּוֺם דַּעְתִּי אֶתְכֶם from the day of my knowing you
• Judges 13:5 מִן הַבֶּטֶן from the womb
• Jeremiah 3:4 מֵעַתָּה henceforth

b. Marking the period succeeding the limit: after

• Genesis 38:24 after about three months
• Joshua 23:1 מִיָּמִים רַבִּים after many days
• Genesis 4:3 מִקֵּץ יָמִים after (at the end of) days

5. From ... to (even to)

• Genesis 10:19; Genesis 15:18 (מִן ... עַד)
• figurative Genesis 19:4 מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקֵן both young and old
• Exodus 11:5 both man and beast
• Numbers 30:15 מִיּוֺם אֶל יוֺם from day to day

6. In comparisons (beyond, above, than)

a. Compared with another distinct object

• Judges 14:18 sweeter than honey
• Ezekiel 28:3 wiser than Daniel
• Genesis 29:10 better... than

b. Compared with a group: out of, above all

• Genesis 3:1 subtil above all beasts
• Judges 5:24 תְּבֹרַח מִנָּשִׁים blessed above women

c. Too much for: surpassing powers

• Genesis 18:14 too hard for יהוה
• Genesis 4:13 greater than I can bear
• 1 Kings 8:64 רַב מֵהָכִיל too great to contain

7. Prefixed to an infinitive

• a. Causal force: Deuteronomy 7:7 because J. loved you
• b. Negative consequence (restraint): Genesis 16:2 מִלֶּדֶת from bearing; Genesis 27:1 מֵרְאֹת so that he could not see; 1 Samuel 15:23 מִמֶּלֶךְ from (being) king.
• c. Temporal force: Numbers 24:23 after God's establishing him.

8. As a conjunction

Deuteronomy 33:11 מִן יְקוּמוּן that they rise not again.

9. In compounds

מֵאַחֲרֵי, מֵאֵת, מִבֵּין, מֵעַל, מִתַּחַת; especially לְמִן (with pleonastic לְ) Deuteronomy 4:32; Judges 20:1.

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

² Ed. König, Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ Zerweck, Die Hebräische Präposition Min (1894).

Preposition Suffix pronominal first person both plural

LXX: ἀπὸ ἐκ ἀπ' ἐμοῦ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H4480a:

ἀπὸ 252× (23.4%)

ἐκ 244× (22.7%)

ἀπ' 136× (12.6%)

ἐμοῦ 65× (5.0%)

'' 43× (3.4%)

αὐτῆσ 42× (3.3%)

--- 32× (3.0%)

ἀφ' 17× (1.6%)

παρὰ 16× (1.5%)

παρ' 14× (1.3%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And he will say to his people, Behold, the people of the sons of Israel, many, being strong above us.

LITV Translation:
And he said to his people, Behold, the people of the sons of Israel are many and stronger than we.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And he said to his nation, Behold, the race of the children of Israel is a great multitude, and is stronger than we: