Exodus 1:20

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

וייטב וַיֵּיטֶב

and he is becoming good

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יטב

yâṭab

Definition

to be (causative) make well, literally (sound, beautiful) or figuratively (happy, successful, right)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to be (causative) make well, literally (sound, beautiful) or figuratively (happy, successful, right); be accepted, amend, use aright, benefit, be (make) better, seem best, make cheerful, be comely, [phrase] be content, diligent(-ly), dress, earnestly, find favour, give, be glad, do (be, make) good(-ness), be (make) merry, please ([phrase] well), shew more (kindness), skilfully, [idiom] very small, surely, make sweet, thoroughly, tire, trim, very, be (can, deal, entreat, go, have) well (said, seen).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3190

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָטַב

verb • Root יטב • Strongs / High • Page 605

to sprout, to grow, to grow after.

יָטַב

verb • Root יטב • Strongs / High • Page 605

I. intransitive verb; prop. to shine, then 1. to be beautiful, lovely, pleasing. 2. to be cheerful, joyous, glad, merry. 3. to go well with, to receive good.

יָטַב

verb • Root יטב • Strongs / High • Page 605

II. (not used) intransitive, to flow copiously, of water-brooks.

יָטַב

verb • Root יטב • Strongs / High • Page 606

Aramaic intransitive verb, with the same meaning as the Hebrew verb יָטַב I.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָטַב

verb • Root טוב • Page 281

1. to be good. 2. to be joyful, spoken of the heart. Hiph.: to make good, to do well; to do rightly. Nah. 3:8, Judg. 19:6, Ruth 3:7, Deut. 5:25, Jer. 1:12.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3190

I. יָטַב (approximate number of occurrences: 106) verb — be good, well, glad, pleasing.

Cognates:

• Aramaic יְטַב
• Zinjirli יטב¹

Qal (Perfect not in use, see טוֺב verb) Imperfect יִיטַב Genesis 12:13 (34 times), יִטַב 1 Samuel 24:5 (3 times); תִּיטַב Esther 2:4 (2 times); תֵּיטְבִי (incorrect for תִּיטְבִי²) Nahum 3:8; plural יִיטְבוּ Genesis 34:18; for Infinitive and Participle see טוֺב.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. be glad, joyful

• (+ לֵב) Judges 18:20
• Judges 19:6, 9
• 1 Kings 21:7
• Ruth 3:7
• Ecclesiastes 7:3

b. be well placed

• הֲתֵיטְבִי מִנּאֹ אָמוֺן Nahum 3:8 art thou better placed than No of Amon?

c. impersonal with לְ, be well for or with, go well with

• Genesis 12:13 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 40:14 (Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 4:40
• Deuteronomy 5:16, 26
• Deuteronomy 6:3, 18
• Deuteronomy 12:25, 28
• Deuteronomy 22:7
• 2 Kings 25:24
• Ruth 3:1
• Jeremiah 7:23
• Jeremiah 38:20
• Jeremiah 40:9
• Jeremiah 42:6

d. be pleasing

• בְּעֵינֵי Genesis 34:18 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 41:37
• Genesis 45:16 (Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 1:23
• Leviticus 10:19, 20
• Joshua 22:30, 33 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
• 1 Samuel 18:5
• 1 Samuel 24:5
• 2 Samuel 3:36
• 2 Samuel 18:4
• 1 Kings 3:10
• Esther 1:21
• Esther 2:4 (twice in verse)
• Esther 2:9
• with לְ, be pleasing to, Psalm 69:32
• with לִפְנֵי (late) Nehemiah 2:5, 6; Esther 5:14

Hiphil Perfect הֵיטִיב Genesis 12:16; Joshua 24:20; הֵיטִב 1 Samuel 25:31; suffix הֵיטִ֑בְךָ Deuteronomy 30:5; הֵיטַבְתָּ Jeremiah 1:12; הֵיטַבְתְּ Ruth 3:10, etc.; וְהִֵ˜טבֹתִ֫י Ezekiel 36:11 (for הֵיטַבְתִּי as if from טוב²); Imperfect יֵיטִיב Numbers 10:32 (3 times); יֵיטִב Proverbs 15:13 (2 times); יְיֵטִיב Job 24:21 (²); יֵיטֵיב 1 Kings 1:47 (²); וַיִּ֫יטֶב Exodus 1:20; suffix וִיטִיבְךָ Ecclesiastes 11:9, etc.; Imperative הֵיטִ֫יבָה Psalm 51:20; הֵיטִ֫יבִי Isaiah 23:16, etc.; Infinitive absolute הֵיטֵיב Jeremiah 7:5; Jeremiah 10:5; הֵיטֵב Genesis 32:13 (10 times); Infinitive construct הֵיטִיב Leviticus 5:4 (7 times); הֵטִיב Jeremiah 32:41; suffix הֵיטִיבִי Jeremiah 32:40, etc.; Participle מֵיטִיב 1 Samuel 16:17; מֵטִיב Psalm 119:68; מֵטִב Ezekiel 33:32, etc.

2. Hiphil Meanings

1. make glad, rejoice
   • לֵב Judges 19:22
   • פנים Proverbs 15:13
   • the person Ecclesiastes 11:9
2. do good to, deal well with, a person usually with preposition:
   • with לְ, Exodus 1:20; Joshua 24:20 (both Elohist Source), Genesis 12:16; Numbers 10:29, 32 (all Jehovist Source), Judges 17:13; 1 Samuel 25:31; Psalm 49:19; Psalm 125:4
   • with עִם, Genesis 32:10; Genesis 32:13 (twice in verse); Numbers 10:32 (all Jehovist Source), Micah 2:7
   • with accusative Deuteronomy 8:16; Deuteronomy 28:63; Deuteronomy 30:5; 1 Samuel 2:32; Jeremiah 18:10; Jeremiah 32:40, 41; Zechariah 8:15; Job 24:21; Psalm 51:20; absolute Ezekiel 36:11
   • opposed to הֵרַע (cannot do good or ill, = cannot do anything at all) Zephaniah 1:12; Isaiah 41:23; Jeremiah 10:5
3. do well or thoroughly:
   • הֵטִיבוּ (כל)אשׁר דבּרוּ they have done well (all) that they have spoken Deuteronomy 5:25; Deuteronomy 18:17
   • על הרע כפים להיטיב Micah 7:3 their hands are upon the evil to do it well, i.e. diligently, thoroughly
   • as auxiliary followed by infinitive: היט׳ דעת Proverbs 15:2 = know well; לראות Jeremiah 1:12 see well; (לְ)נַגֵּן play well, skilfully 1 Samuel 16:17; Isaiah 23:16; Ezekiel 33:32; Psalm 33:3
   • compare construct participle: מֵטִבֵי צָ֑עַד Proverbs 30:29 marching well, so מֵיטִבֵי לֶכֶת Proverbs 30:29
   • Infinitive absolute הֵיטֵיב as adverb = thoroughly: Deuteronomy 9:21, Deuteronomy 13:15, Deuteronomy 17:4, Deuteronomy 19:18, Deuteronomy 27:8, 2 Kings 11:18
4. make a thing good, right, beautiful:
   • the head 2 Kings 9:30; dress, trim: a lamp Exodus 30:7 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
   • מַצֵּבוֺת Hosea 10:1
   • גֵּהָה Proverbs 17:22 a glad heart maketh a good cure
   • followed by מִן comparative: שֵׁם 1 Kings 1:47; חֶסֶד Ruth 3:10
   • followed by דֶּרֶךְ = course of life or action Jeremiah 2:33
   • amend one's ways and doings: Jeremiah 7:3; Jeremiah 18:11; Jeremiah 26:13; Jeremiah 35:15; הֵיטֵיב תֵּיטִיבוּ אתדֿ Jeremiah 7:5
5. do well, right, ethically:
   • a. of men, Genesis 4:7 (twice in verse) (Jehovist Source), Leviticus 5:4 (Priests' Code / Narrative), Psalm 36:4; Isaiah 1:17; Jeremiah 4:22; Jeremiah 13:23
   • b. of God, טוֺב מֵטִיב good and doing good Psalm 119:68; so infinitive absolute as adverb הַהֵיטֵב חָרָה לך Jonah 4:4, 9 art thou rightly angry? followed by לי Jonah 4:9

In כִּייֵֿיטִב אֶלאָֿבִי 1 Samuel 20:13 verb is apparently intransitive, = Qal, if it be pleasing unto my father, but Hiphil not elsewhere in this sense; point rather יִיטַב.

¹ D.H. Müller, Die altsemitischen Inschriften von Sendschirli (1893).

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

conjunctive, Verb Hiphil sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: εὖ ἤρεσεν καλῶσ γένηται σφόδρα

LXX Usage Statistics

H3190:

εὖ 25× (17.2%)

ἤρεσεν 9× (5.6%)

καλῶσ 9× (5.8%)

γένηται 9× (5.3%)

σφόδρα 6× (4.1%)

ποιῆσαι 6× (3.3%)

ὀρθῶσ 5× (3.6%)

ἔσται 4× (2.0%)

ἠγαθύνθη 3× (1.8%)

βέλτιον 3× (1.9%)

אלהים אֱלֹהים

mighty ones

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אלהים

ʼĕlôhîym

Definition

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative

Root

plural of H433 (אלוה);

Exhaustive

plural of אלוה; gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative; angels, [idiom] exceeding, God (gods) (-dess, -ly), [idiom] (very) great, judges, [idiom] mighty.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H430

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֱלֹהִים

noun masculine plural • Root אלוה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 134

God, the Deity; used most frequently as a plural of majesty for the true and most high God (Jehovah); also used for national gods or guardian deities.

אֱלֹהִים

noun masculine plural • Strongs_Numbers • Page 135

Plural in form but often used as singular. 1. The supreme and universal God, God of humanity (distinct from the national name YHWH). 2. Applied to heathen gods. 3. Applied to judges (as representatives of God's judgment). 4. Applied to angels (disputed). 5. Applied to kings or ghosts. 6. Used with other nouns to express the superlative or highest degree (e.g., 'mountain of God' for a great mountain).

אֱלֹהִים

proper name • Strongs_Numbers • Page 591

God. The vowels of this word are assigned to the Tetragrammaton (יהוה) when it is preceded by אֲדֹנָי, resulting in the form יֱהֹוִה.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֱלֹהִים

plur. • Root אלוה • Page 51

1. gods, in the plural number (Ex. 20:3). 2. as a pluralis excellentiae: God in the singular (Gen. 1:1, etc.). 3. בֶּן-אֱלֹהִים (son of God), applied to kings, angels, or worshippers (Ps. 2:7, Gen. 6:2, Job 1:6). 4. אִישׁ אֱלֹהִים (man of God), applied to prophets and servants of God (Judg. 13:6, 1 Sam. 2:27, Deut. 33:1). 5. Used superlatively: 'great before God' (Jon. 3:3, Gen. 23:6).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H430

I. אֱלֹהִים (approximate number of occurrences: 2570) noun masculine plural (feminine 1 Kings 11:33; on number of occurrences of אֵל, אֱלוֹהַּ, אֱלֹהִים compare also Nes l. c.,) 1 plural in number.

1. a. rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power: הָאֱלֹהִים Exodus 21:6 (Targum of Onkelos¹; but τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ θεοῦ LXX; but gods, LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Josephus Philo Authorized Version; God, Dillmann Revised Version; all Covenant code of Elohist) Exodus 22:7; Exodus 22:8; אֱלֹהִים Exodus 22:8; Exodus 22:27 (Targum of Onkelos¹ Rashi² Aben Ezra³ Ewald Revised Version margin; but gods, LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Josephus Philo Authorized Version; God, Dillmann Revised Version; all Covenant code of Elohist) compare 1 Samuel 2:25 see Driver; Judges 5:8 (Ewald, but gods LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint; God LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Bar Hebraeus; יְהוָה LXX Lucianic recension of Septuagint Be) Psalm 82:1; Psalm 82:6 (Delitzsch Ewald Peake; but angels Bleek Hupfeld) Psalm 138:1 (LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Rabbinic Kimchi Delitzsch; but angels LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Calvin; God, Ewald; gods, Hupfeld Peake Cheyne).
2. b. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels Psalm 8:6 (Delitzsch Cheyne Briggs; but angels LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint LXX Lucianic recension of Septuagint Ewald; God, Revised Version and most moderns) Genesis 1:27 (if with Philo LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Jerome Delitzsch Cheyne we interpret נַעֲשָׂה as God's consultation with angels; compare Job 38:7).
3. c. angels Psalm 97:7 (LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Calvin; but gods, Hupfeld Delitzsch Peake Cheyne); compare בְּנֵי (הָ)אֱלֹהִים = (the) sons of God, or sons of gods = angels Job 1:6; Job 2:1; Job 38:7; Genesis 6:2,4 (Jehovist; so LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint Books of Enoch & Jubilees Philo Jude Jude 1:6 2 Peter 2:4 Jos Ant. i. 3. 1, most ancient fathers and modern critics; against usage are sons of princes, mighty men, Targum of Onkelos and Rabbinic; sons of God, the pious, Theodotion Chrysostom Jerome Augustine Luther Calvin Hengstenberg; LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint L read οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ θεοῦ), compare בְּנֵי אֵלִים.
4. d. gods הָאֱלֹהִים Exodus 18:11; Exodus 22:19 (Elohist) 1 Samuel 4:8; 2 Chronicles 2:4; Psalm 86:8; אֱלֹהֵי הָאֱלֹהִים the God of gods, supreme God Deuteronomy 10:17; Psalm 136:2; אֱלֹהִים Exodus 32:1,23 (Jehovist Elohist) Judges 9:13; אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים other gods Exodus 20:3; Exodus 23:13; Joshua 24:2,16 (Elohist) Deuteronomy 31:18,20 (Jehovist Elohist) Deuteronomy 5:7 + (17 times in Deuteronomy, not Priests' Code) Judges 2:12,17,19; Judges 10:13; 1 Samuel 8:8; 1 Samuel 26:19; 1 Kings 9:6,9 (= 2 Chronicles 7:19,22) 2 Chronicles 11:4,10; 2 Chronicles 14:9; 2 Kings 5:17; 2 Kings 17:35,37,38; 2 Kings 22:17 (= 2 Chronicles 34:25) 2 Chronicles 28:25; Jeremiah 1:16 + (18 times Jeremiah) Hosea 3:1; אֱלֹהֵי (הָ)נֵכָר foreign gods Genesis 35:2,4; Joshua 24:20,23 (Elohist) Deuteronomy 31:16 (Jehovist Elohist) Judges 10:16; 1 Samuel 7:3; 2 Chronicles 33:15; Jeremiah 5:19; נְחוּר אֵל Genesis 31:53 (Elohist); מִצְרַיִּם אֵל Exodus 12:12 (Priests' Code) Jeremiah 43:12,13; הָאֱמָרִים אֵל Joshua 24:15 (Elohist) Judges 6:10; אָרֶם אֵל etc. Judges 10:6; אֱלֹהִים מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֵי Deuteronomy 4:28; הַגּוֹיִם אֵל gods of the nations 2 Kings 18:33; 2 Kings 19:12; Deuteronomy 29:17; 2 Chronicles 32:17,19; Isaiah 36:18; Isaiah 37:12; הָעַמִּים אֵל Deuteronomy 6:14; Deuteronomy 13:8; Judges 2:12; Psalm 96:5; 1 Chronicles 5:25; 1 Chronicles 16:26; 2 Chronicles 32:13,14; כֶּסֶף אֵל Exodus 20:23 (Elohist); זָהָב אֵל Exodus 20:23 (Elohist) Exodus 32:31 (Jehovist Elohist); מַסֵּכָה אֵל Exodus 34:17 (Jehovist) Leviticus 19:4 (Holiness Code).

2 Plural intensive.

1. a. god or goddess, always with suffix 1 Samuel 5:7 (Dagon), Judges 11:24 (Chemosh), 1 Kings 18:24 (Baal), Judges 9:27; Daniel 1:2 (twice in verse); or construct לַעַשְׁתֹּרֶת מְלֶכֶת צִדֹּנִים לְכְמוֹשׁ אֱלֹהֵי מוֹאָב to Ashtoreth goddess of the Zidonians, Chemosh god of Moab, etc. 1 Kings 11:33; הָאָרֶץ אֵל god of the land 2 Kings 17:26 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 17:27, and so the Syrians suppose that Yahweh is a mountain-god and not a god of valleys 1 Kings 20:28.
2. b. godlike one Exodus 4:16 (Jehovist; Moses in relation to Aaron), Exodus 7:1 (Priests' Code; in relation to Pharaoh), 1 Samuel 28:13 (the shade of Samuel), Psalm 45:7 (the Messianic king, O God, LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint Jerome, most scholars ancient and modern, but thy throne is God's = God's throne Aben Ezra Kimchi Theodoret Ewald Hupfeld, compare 1 Chronicles 28:5).
3. c. works of God, or things specially belonging to him (see אֵל 5) הַר אֱלֹהִים Psalm 68:16; Ezekiel 28:14,16; אֵשׁ אֱלֹהִים Job 1:16; גַּן (הָ)אֱלֹהִים Ezekiel 28:13; Ezekiel 31:8,9.
4. d. God (see 3 & 4).

3 הָאֱלֹהִים the (TRUE) God, הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים אֵל יַהְוֶה Yahweh is (the) God Deuteronomy 4:35,39; Deuteronomy 7:9; 1 Kings 8:60; 1 Kings 18:39 (twice in verse); 2 Chronicles 33:13; הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים Isaiah 45:18; הָאֱלֹהִים אֵל יַהְוֶה Joshua 22:34 (Priests' Code?) 1 Kings 18:21,24; 2 Chronicles 32:16; אַתָּה הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים 2 Samuel 7:28; 1 Kings 18:37; 2 Kings 19:15; 1 Chronicles 17:26; Isaiah 37:16; Nehemiah 9:7; אֲדֹנַי הָאֱלֹהִים Daniel 9:3; in many phrases, as אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים the man of God, acting under divine authority and influence: = (a) angel Judges 13:6,8, (b) prophet (the term coming into use in the Northern kingdom in the age of Elijah 1 Samuel 9:9-10, compare אִיִּשׁ הָרוּחַ Hosea 9:7): of Moses Deuteronomy 33:1; Joshua 14:6 (Elohist) 1 Chronicles 23:14; 2 Chronicles 30:16; Ezra 3:2; Psalm 90:1; of Samuel 1 Samuel 9:6-10; of David 2 Chronicles 8:14; Nehemiah 12:24,36; Shemaiah 1 Kings 12:22 (= 2 Chronicles 11:2); Elijah, Elisha, and others of their time 1 Kings 13:1-31; 1 Kings 17:18-24; 1 Kings 20:28; 2 Kings 1:9-13; 2 Kings 4:7-42; 2 Kings 5:8-20; 2 Kings 6:6-15; 2 Kings 7:2-9; 2 Kings 8:2-11; 2 Kings 13:19; 2 Kings 23:16-17 (Ephraim) 2 Chronicles 25:7,9; unnamed prophet 1 Samuel 2:27; Hanan Jeremiah 35:4; a later title of prophet was עֶבֶד הָאֱלֹהִים the servant of God, used of Moses 1 Chronicles 6:34; 2 Chronicles 24:9; Nehemiah 10:30; Daniel 9:11. בֵּית הָאֱלֹהִים the house of God, Judges 18:31, especially late, Chronicles (52 times) Ecclesiastes 4:17; Daniel 1:2; בֵּית יַהְוֶה הָאֱלֹהִים 1 Chronicles 22:1; אֲרוֹן (בְּרִית) הָאֱלֹהִים the ark (of the covenant) of God Judges 20:27; 1 Samuel 4:1-5:12; 1 Samuel 14; 2 Samuel 6:1-7:29; 15(23 times); 1 Chronicles 13; 1 Chronicles 15; 1 Chronicles 16; 2 Chronicles 1:4 (13 times); מַטֶּה הָאֱלֹהִים the rod of God Exodus 4:20; Exodus 17:9 (Elohist); הַר הָאֱלֹהִים the mount of God (Horeb) Exodus 3:1; Exodus 4:27; Exodus 18:5; Exodus 24:13 (Elohist) 1 Kings 19:8 (Ephraim); מַלְאַךְ הָאֱלֹהִים the (theophanic) angel of God Genesis 31:11; Exodus 14:19 (Elohist) Judges 6:20; Judges 13:6,9; 2 Samuel 14:17,20; 2 Samuel 19:28; in other combinations Exodus 18:16; Numbers 23:27 (Elohist) Judges 20:2; 1 Samuel 4:8; 1 Samuel 5:11; 1 Samuel 10:5; 2 Samuel 16:23; 1 Kings 12:22; 1 Chronicles 21:7 + (14 times) Psalm 87:3; Ecclesiastes 9:1.

4 אֱלֹהִים = God אֱלֹהִים אֱמֶת אֵל יַהְוֶה = Yahweh is God in truth Jeremiah 10:10. a. אֱלֹהִים (as subject object direct or indirect) is used by Priests' Code (50 times in story of creation and deluge, elsewhere 28 times), by Elohist (91 times), Jehovist chiefly in poetic sources Genesis 3:1,3,5 (twice in verse); Genesis 9:27; Genesis 39:9; Deuteronomy 32:17,39, by Deuteronomy (11 times) Judges (21 times) Samuel (50 times) Kings (29 times) Chronicles (45 times); in Psalm 42-86 (180 times often by editorial change for an original יְהוָה), elsewhere Psalm 3:3; Psalm 5:11; Psalm 7:11; Psalm 7:12; Psalm 9:18; Psalm 10:4; Psalm 10:13; Psalm 14:1; Psalm 14:2; Psalm 14:5; Psalm 25:22; Psalm 36:2; Psalm 36:8; Psalm 77:14; Psalm 100:3; Psalm 108:2; Psalm 108:6; Psalm 108:8; Psalm 108:12 (twice in verse); Psalm 149:9; Job 5:8; Job 20:29; Job 28:23; Job 32:2; Job 34:9 (& in Prologue 6 times) Proverbs 2:5; Proverbs 3:4; Proverbs 25:2; Ecclesiastes (7 times) Hosea (5 times); Amos 4:11 (כְּמַהְפֵּכַת אֱלֹהִים אֶת סְדֹם as God overthrew Sodom = Jeremiah 50:40 = Isaiah 13:19) Zechariah 8:23; Zechariah 12:8; Micah 3:7 (but אֱלִיהִים LXX Vatican MS. of Septuagint LXX Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint) Isaiah 35:4; Isaiah 2 (9 times); Jeremiah 10:10; Ezekiel (13 times); Malachi (5 times); Jonah (4 times); the phrase לְאֱלֹהִים אֵל הַיָּה לְ Genesis 28:21 (Elohist Redactor) Genesis 17:7,8; Exodus 6:7; Exodus 29:45; Leviticus 11:45; Leviticus 22:33; Leviticus 25:38; Leviticus 26:12,45; Numbers 15:41 (Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 26:17; Deuteronomy 29:13; 2 Samuel 7:24 (= 1 Chronicles 17:22); Zechariah 8:8; Jeremiah (6 times); Ezekiel (6 times); אֱלֹהִים צַדִּיק righteous God Psalm 7:10; קְדֹשִׁים אֵל holy God Joshua 24:19 (Elohist); חַיִּים אֵל living God Deuteronomy 5:23; 1 Samuel 17:26,36; Jeremiah 10:10; Jeremiah 23:36; חַי אֵל 2 Kings 19:4,16 (= Isaiah 37:4,17). For the phrases אֵל יְהוָה, צְבָאוֹת אֵל יְהוָה, צְבָאוֹת אֵל, אֵל יְהוָה אֵל, אֵל יְהוָה, אֵל צְבָאוֹת, אֲדֹנַי אֱלֹהִים see יְהוָה, יָה, צְבָאוֹת & אֲדֹנַי. b. construct אֱלֹהֵי (α) with persons אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם = God of Abraham, a phrase of Jehovist, Genesis 26:24; Genesis 28:13; Genesis 31:53, elsewhere Psalm 47:10; 1 Kings 18:36; 1 Chronicles 29:18; 2 Chronicles 30:6; אֲדֹנַי אַבְרָהָם אֵל Genesis 24:12,27,42,48 (Jehovist); אֱלֹהֵי אָב father's God (various suffix & names), a phrase of Elohist, Genesis 31:5,29,42; Genesis 46:3; Genesis 50:17; Exodus 3:6,13,15,16; Exodus 15:2; Exodus 18:4; Joshua 18:3, elsewhere Genesis 32:10; Genesis 43:23 (Jehovist) Exodus 4:5 (Jehovist?) Deuteronomy 8 (8 times); Judges 2:12; 2 Kings 21:22; Chronicles (31 times); Daniel 11:37; אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel's God, phrase of Elohist, Genesis 33:20; Exodus 5:1; Exodus 24:10; Exodus 32:27; Joshua 8:30; Joshua 14:14; Joshua 22:16,24, elsewhere Exodus 34:23; Joshua 7:13,19,20 (Jehovist Elohist) Numbers 16:9; Joshua 9:18,19; Joshua 22:24; Joshua 10:40,42; Joshua 13:14,33 (Redactor see Dillmann Joshua 7:13) Judges 4:6; Judges 5:3,5; Judges 6:8; Judges 11:21,23; Judges 21:3; 1 Samuel 1:17 + (20 times) Kings (26 times) Chronicles (45 times); Psalm 41:14; Psalm 106:48 (doxology) Psalm 59:6; Psalm 69:7; Isaiah 17:6; Isaiah 21:10,17; Isaiah 29:23; Isaiah 3, Isaiah 24:15; Isaiah 37:16,21; Isaiah 2, Isaiah 41:17 + (6 times); Jeremiah 35:17 + (48 times); Ezekiel 8:4 + (7 times); Zephaniah 2:9; Malachi 2:16; Ruth 2:12; מַעַרְכוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵל God of the battle array of Israel 1 Samuel 17:45; אֵל יַעֲקֹב 2 Samuel 23:1 (poetry) Psalm 20:2; Psalm 46:8; Psalm 46:12; Psalm 75:10; Psalm 76:7; Psalm 81:2; Psalm 81:5; Psalm 84:9; Psalm 94:7; Isaiah 2:3 (= Micah 4:2); אֵל הָעִבְרִיִּים God of the Hebrews Exodus 3:18; Exodus 5:3; Exodus 7:16; Exodus 9:1,13 (Jehovist Elohist); it is used with other proper names, Nahor Genesis 31:53 (Elohist), Shem Genesis 9:26 (Jehovist), David 2 Kings 20:5; 2 Chronicles 21:12; 34:3; Isaiah 38:5, Hezekiah 2 Chronicles 32:17, Elijah 2 Kings 2:14; אֱלֹהֵי אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ the God of my lord the king 1 Kings 1:36. (β) with nouns of attributes or relationships, קֶרֶם אֵל ancient God Deuteronomy 33:27; עוֹלָם אֵל everlasting God Isaiah 40:28; אֱמֶת אֵל true God 2 Chronicles 15:3; אָמֵן אֵל Isaiah 65:16 (see אָמֵן); מִשְׁפָּט אֵל Isaiah 30:18; Malachi 2:17; מָרוֹם אֵל Micah 6:6; compare אֵל הָרוּחוֹת לְכָל בָּשָׂר Numbers 16:22; Numbers 27:16 (Priests' Code); אֵל כָּל הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 54:5; compare בֵּית יַהְוֶה אֵל אֵל הָאָרֶץ Genesis 24:3 (Jehovist Redactor); אֵל הַשָּׁמַיִם God of heaven Genesis 24:7 (Jehovist Redactor) 2 Chronicles 36:23; Ezra 1:2; Nehemiah 1:4,5; Nehemiah 2:4,20; compare כָּל בָּשָׂר אֵל Jeremiah 32:27; מִקָּרֹב אֵל a God at hand opposed to מֵרָחֹק אֵל Jeremiah 23:23, מִישְׁעִי אֵל, מִשְׁעִי אֵל God of my salvation Psalm 18:47 (= 2 Samuel 22:47) Psalm 24:5; Psalm 25:5; Psalm 27:9; Psalm 65:6; Psalm 79:9; Psalm 85:5; Isaiah 17:10; Micah 7:7; Habakkuk 3:18; 1 Chronicles 16:35; מִשְׁעִי אֵל Psalm 88:2; תְּשׁוּעָתִי אֵל Psalm 51:16; צִדְקִי אֵל God of righteousness Psalm 4:2; חַסְדִּי אֵל Psalm 59:11; Psalm 59:18; צוּרִי אֵל God who is my rock 2 Samuel 22:3 (compare Psalm 18:3); מָעֻזִּי אֵל God who is my stronghold Psalm 43:2; תְּהִלָּתִי אֵל God who is my praise Psalm 109:1. c. with suffix in Priests' Code (22 times including phrase וַיִּרְאָה מֵאֱלֹהָיו) Leviticus 19:14,32; Leviticus 25:17,36,43 (Holiness Code) Exodus 8:21; Joshua 24:27 (Elohist) Deuteronomy 32:37 (poetry) Joshua 9:23 (Jehovist Elohist) Deuteronomy 10:21; Deuteronomy 31:17; Judges 10:10; Judges 16:23,24; 1 Samuel 10:19; 2 Samuel 10:12; 2 Samuel 22:32 + (4 times poetry) 1 Kings 12:28; 1 Kings 20:23; 2 Kings 19:10; Chronicles (83 times); Psalms (62 times); Proverbs 2:17; Proverbs 30:9; Ruth 1:15,16 (twice in verse); Isaiah 1:10; Isaiah 7:13; Isaiah 8:19,21; Isaiah 2 (29 times); Jeremiah 5:4,5; Jeremiah 23:36; Jeremiah 51:5; Ezekiel 34:31; Daniel 5 (5 times); Hosea 12 (12 times); Amos 2:8; Amos 4:12; Joel 1:13 (twice in verse); Joel 1:16; Joel 2:17; Micah 6:8; Micah 7:7; Jonah 1:5,6; Zephaniah 3:2; Nahum 1:14; Zechariah 9:7; Zechariah 12:5; אֱלֹהִים with suffix is also used with יְהוָה several hundred times (see יְהוָה).

¹ Targum of Onkelos.

² Rashi.

³ Aben Ezra.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0430:

No stats available

למילדת לַמְיַלְּדת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ילד

yâlad

Definition

to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage; bear, beget, birth(-day), born, (make to) bring forth (children, young), bring up, calve, child, come, be delivered (of a child), time of delivery, gender, hatch, labour, (do the office of a) midwife, declare pedigrees, be the son of, (woman in, woman that) travail(-eth, -ing woman).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3205

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָלַד

verb • Root ילד • Strongs / High • Page 608

To bear, to bring forth, spoken of women giving birth to children, beasts bearing young, or birds laying eggs.

יָלַד

verb • Root ילד • Strongs / High • Page 609

To bear, bring forth (of a woman); to beget (of a father). Figuratively: to bring forth, make appear, cause to take place; to create, produce, appoint.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָלַד

verb • Root ילד • Page 283

1. to bring forth, as a mother (Gen. 4:1; Prov. 17:25). 2. to beget, as a father (Gen. 4:18; Ps. 2:7). 3. to lay eggs (Jer. 17:11). Includes stems: Niph. נוֹלַד (to be born, Gen. 4:18), Pi. יִלֵּד (to help to bring forth, as a midwife, Ex. 1:16), Pu. יֻלַּד (to be born, Gen. 10:21), and Hiph. הוֹלִיד (to cause to bring forth, Is. 66:9).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3205

I. יָלַד (approximate number of occurrences: 497) verb — bear, bring forth, beget.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic יְלִיד, יְלֵיד
• Arabic ولد
• Ethiopic ወለደ
• Assyrian alâdu³

Qal

— יָלַד Perfect יָלַד Genesis 4:18 (3 times in verse) + 16 times; יָלָ֑ד Jeremiah 17:11; וְיָלַד consecutive Psalm 7:15; suffix יְלָֽדְךָ Deuteronomy 32:18; 2 masculine singular suffix ילדתני Jeremiah 2:27 Kt; Qr יְלִדְתָּנוּ (König¹ i. 410, GKC² § 70, 2. R. 4); 1 singular suffix יְלִדְתִּ֫יךָ Psalm 2:7; יְלִדְתִּ֫יהוּ Numbers 11:12, etc.; Imperfect יֵלֶד (יֹום) Proverbs 27:1; 3 feminine singular תֵּלֵד Genesis 17:17 6 times; וַתֵּ֫לֶד Genesis 4:1 61 times; 2 feminine singular תֵּלְדִי Genesis 3:16; אֵלֵד Genesis 18:13; וָאֵלֵד 1 Kings 3:17; יֵ˜לְדוּ Isaiah 65:23; 3 feminine plural תֵּלַדְנָה Jeremiah 29:6; וַתֵּלַדְנָה Ezekiel 23:4; וַתֵּלַדְןָ Genesis 30:39, etc.; Infinitive absolute יָלֹד Job 15:35; construct לֵדָה Hosea 9:11 3 times; לֶ֫דֶת Genesis 4:2 10 times; לָלַת 1 Samuel 4:19 (König¹ i, 402, but probably text error Driver⁴); suffix לִדְתִּי 1 Kings 3:18, etc.; Participle active יֹלֵד Proverbs 17:21; Jeremiah 30:6, etc.; feminine יוֺלֵדָה Hosea 13:13 12 times; יֹלֶ֫דֶת Genesis 17:19 4 times; יֹלַדְתְּ Genesis 16:11 2 times (König¹ i. 404 f.; perhaps יֹלֶדֶת intended by Kt, compare Stade⁵ § 213 b); suffix Proverbs 23:25; יוֺלַדְתּוֺ Proverbs 17:25; etc.; plural יֹלְדוֺת Jeremiah 16:3; Passive participle יָלוּד 1 Kings 3:26, 27; construct יְלוּד Job 14:1 2 times; plural יְלוּדִים 1 Chronicles 14:4.

1. Bear, bring forth

• a. (a mother a child) so commonly, approximately 208 times: followed by accusative Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:1; = be delivered of a child, 1 Kings 3:17–18; 2 Kings 19:3; of animals Genesis 30:39; Jeremiah 14:5; Job 39:1–2; also of labour וַתְּקַשׁ בְּלִדְתָּהּ Genesis 35:16; (compare Moses as mother of Israel Numbers 11:12).
• b. in simile of distress: Micah 4:9–10; Isaiah 13:8; Isaiah 42:14; Jeremiah 6:24; Jeremiah 30:6; Psalm 48:7; ילד על־ברכים (Stade⁹) Genesis 30:3; Genesis 50:23.
• c. figurative: of wicked וְהָרָה עָמָל וְיָלַד שָׁ֑קֶר Psalm 7:15 (compare Job 15:35); of Tyre Isaiah 23:4; of Jerusalem Isaiah 51:18; of a day לֹא־תֵדַע מַה־יֵּ֫לֶד יוֺם Proverbs 27:1; of God as mother of Israel Deuteronomy 32:18.

2. Less often beget

• a. literal, approximately 22 times: in Hexateuch a mark of Jehovist Source; Genesis 4:18; Genesis 10:8, 13, 15; 1 Chronicles 1:10; Proverbs 17:21; Daniel 11:6.
• b. figurative: Psalm 2:7 of Jehovah's formally installing king.

3. Of both parents

• Zechariah 13:3 (twice in verse); Passive participle 1 Kings 3:26–27; 1 Chronicles 14:4.

Niph`al

— Perfect נוֺלַד 1 Chronicles 2:3 6 times; הנּוֺלַד Genesis 21:3; נוּ֯לְּדוּ Genesis 3:5; Imperfect יִוָּלֵד Genesis 17:17; Infinitive הִוָּ֑לֶד Genesis 21:5; Participle נוֺלָד 1 Kings 13:2. — be born.

• Followed by לְ (born to such and such a man): Genesis 4:18; Genesis 21:3, 5; 1 Chronicles 3:1, 4, 5.
• Without לְ: Job 3:3; Psalm 78:6; Ecclesiastes 7:1.
• Metaphor of Israel: Hosea 2:5; of nation Isaiah 66:8.
• With predicate: רָ֑שׁ Ecclesiastes 4:14 he was born poor; Proverbs 17:17.

Pi`el

— Infinitive יַלֶּדְכֶן Exodus 1:16; Participle מְיַלֶּדֶת Genesis 35:17. — assist or tend as midwife.

• Followed by accusative Exodus 1:16; elsewhere feminine participle as substantive = midwife: Genesis 35:17 (Elohist Source); Genesis 38:28 (Jehovist Source); Exodus 1:15–21.

Pu`al

— Perfect יֻלַּד Genesis 4:26; יֻלְּדוּ Genesis 6:1. — be born (i.q. Niph'al).

• Followed by לְ of father: Genesis 4:26; Genesis 10:21 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 35:26 (Priests' Code).
• Followed by לְ of purpose: אדם לעמל יוּלָּד Job 5:7.
• Figurative of Zion: Psalm 87:4–6; of mountains Psalm 90:2.

Hiph`il

— Perfect הוֺלִיד Genesis 11:27; Imperfect יוֺלִיד Genesis 17:20; Imperative הוֺלִי֫דוּ Jeremiah 29:6; Participle מוֺלִיד Isaiah 66:9.

1. Beget (fathering a child)

• Genesis 5:3–4 (Priests' Code); 1 Chronicles 2:10; Ruth 4:18.
• figurative: of producing dewdrops Job 38:28; of earth bearing grain Isaiah 55:10.

2. Bear

• Only figurative: Isaiah 59:4 of wicked bringing forth iniquity.

Hoph`al

— Infinitive חֻלֶּ֫דֶת Genesis 40:20; Ezekiel 16:4–5. — day of one's birth, birthday.

Hithpa`el

— Imperfect וַיִּתְיִלְּדוּ Numbers 1:18. — declared their pedigree.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ Eberhard Schrader, The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (COT).

⁴ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel.

⁵ B. Stade, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879).

⁶ August Dillmann, Commentaries on the Hexateuch.

⁷ J. Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (1861).

⁸ C. H. Cornill, Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

⁹ B. Stade, Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) 1886.

Preposition -For/Into Art, Verb Piel participle active feminine plural absolute

LXX: ἐγέννησεν ἔτεκεν γεννῆσαι ἔτεκον ἐτέχθησαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3205:

ἐγέννησεν 153× (30.2%)

ἔτεκεν 97× (18.6%)

γεννῆσαι 17× (3.0%)

ἔτεκον 11× (2.2%)

ἐτέχθησαν 9× (1.8%)

τικτούσησ 9× (1.6%)

ὡσ 8× (1.7%)

τεκεῖν 7× (1.3%)

τέξεται 7× (1.3%)

ἐγένοντο 7× (1.4%)

וירב וַיִּרֶב

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

רבה

râbâh

Definition

to increase (in whatever respect)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to increase (in whatever respect); (bring in) abundance ([idiom] -antly), [phrase] archer (by mistake for רבב), be in authority, bring up, [idiom] continue, enlarge, excel, exceeding(-ly), be full of, (be, make) great(-er, -ly, [idiom] -ness), grow up, heap, increase, be long, (be, give, have, make, use) many (a time), (any, be, give, give the, have) more (in number), (ask, be, be so, gather, over, take, yield) much (greater, more), (make to) multiply, nourish, plenty(-eous), [idiom] process (of time), sore, store, thoroughly, very.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7235

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רָבָה

verb • Root רבה • Strongs / High • Page 1315

I. To be long, of a way; to be abundant; to grow up, to become large/great; to be mighty.

רָבָה

verb • Root רבה • Strongs / High • Page 1315

I. To practise usury; to increase, to multiply, to be numerous.

רָבָה

verb • Root רבה • Strongs / High • Page 1315

II. To cast, to hurl. (Only used in participle form, may mean archer).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הִרְבָּה

hiph. v. • Root רבה • Page 605

1. To make numerous, to increase (Gen. 3:16, Prov. 22:16, Hos. 10:1). 2. To make great, enlarge (1 Chr. 4:10, Job 34:37). 3. To have much or many (1 Chr. 7:4, Lev. 11:42). 4. To give much (Ex. 30:15). 5. Forms a periphrasis for the adv. much (1 Sam. 1:12, Ex. 36:5, Ps. 78:38). Infin. absol. הַרְבֵּה used as an adv. much (Ecc. 5:11).

רָבָה

verb • Root רבה • Page 605

1. To be or become many or numerous, to increase (Gen. 1:22, 28, 9:1, 7, Ex. 1:20). 2. To be great (Gen. 43:34, Job 33:12), to become great, to grow (Deut. 30:16, Gen. 21:20).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7235

I. רָבָה (approximate number of occurrences: 225) verb — be, or become, much, many, great.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Assyrian rabû be great, grow
• Arabic ربا
• Aramaic רְבָא grow, increase

Qal

— Perfect 3 feminine singular רָֽבְתָה 1 Samuel 14:30; 2 masculine singular וְרָבִ֫יתָ consecutive Deuteronomy 30:16; 3 plural רָבוּ Ezra 9:6 + etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִרְבֶּה Deuteronomy 8:13 +, jussive יִ֫רֶב Genesis 1:22, 2 Chronicles 24:27 Qr; וַיִּ֫רֶב Exodus 1:20; 3 feminine singular תִּרְבֶּה Deuteronomy 7:22, Daniel 12:4; וַתֵּ֫רֶב Genesis 43:34, 1 Kings 5:10; 3 masculine plural יִרְבּוּ Deuteronomy 11:31 +, יִרְבּוּן Psalm 139:18, יִרְבְּיֻן Deuteronomy 8:13 etc.; Imperative masculine singular וּרְבֵה Genesis 35:11; Infinitive construct רְבוֺת Exodus 11:9 +; Participle רֹבֶה see II. רבה.

1. Become many, numerous

a. Of people

• Exodus 1:10, 12 (Jehovist Source)
• Exodus 1:20 (Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 6:3; Deuteronomy 8:1; Deuteronomy 30:16
• Zechariah 10:8
• 1 Chronicles 5:23; 1 Chronicles 23:17 (רָבוּ לְמָ֑עְלָה)
• Especially with פרה (be fruitful and multiply): Jeremiah 3:16; Jeremiah 23:3 figurative of flock
• Genesis 47:27b (Priests' Code); Exodus 1:7 (Priests' Code)
• Of man and beast: Ezekiel 36:11; Psalm 107:38
• Of children: Job 27:14
• Of the righteous: Proverbs 28:28; Proverbs 29:2 (Toy² reads רְדוֺת rule)
• Of the wicked: Proverbs 29:16

b. Of animals

• Deuteronomy 7:22 (+ עַל person); Deuteronomy 8:13
• 1 Chronicles 5:9
• With פרה: Genesis 1:22; Genesis 8:17 (Priests' Code)

c. Of things

• Deuteronomy 8:13 (twice); Ezekiel 31:5; Exodus 11:9 (Priests' Code); Ecclesiastes 5:10
• Of sins: Ezra 9:6 (+ לְמַ֫עְלָה); Proverbs 29:16; Psalm 16:4; Psalm 139:18
• Of days: Genesis 38:12 (Jehovist Source); Deuteronomy 11:21; 1 Samuel 7:2; Proverbs 9:11; Proverbs 4:10 (years of life)
• Of waters: Genesis 7:17 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 7:18 (Priests' Code)

2. Be great or grow great

a. Be great

• Of things: Genesis 43:24 (Jehovist Source); 1 Samuel 14:30
• Of a way (be long): Deuteronomy 19:6; Deuteronomy 14:24 (be too long for)
• Of wisdom: 1 Kings 5:10
• Of God (too great for man): Job 33:12

b. Grow great (Aramaism)

• Of person (grow up): Ezekiel 16:7 (+ גָּדַל); Job 39:4
• Of glory: Psalm 49:17
• Of knowledge: Daniel 12:4

Pi`el

— make large, increase, rear.

— Imperative masculine singular רַבֶּה צְבָאֲךָ Judges 9:29 enlarge thy host; Perfect 2 masculine singular רִבִּיתָ בִּמְחִירֵיהֶם Psalm 44:13 thou hast not set a high price; bring up, rear (children) Lamentations 2:22 (+ טמּח); (whelps) Ezekiel 19:2 figurative.

Hiph`il

— Perfect 3 masculine singular הִרְבָּה Hosea 8:11 +, suffix וְהִרְבְּךָֹ consecutive Deuteronomy 30:5; 2 masculine singular הִרְבִּיתָ Isaiah 9:2 +, 1 singular הִרְבֵּיתִי Hosea 2:10 +; Imperfect יַרְבֶּה Hosea 12:2 +, וַ֫יֶּרֶב 2 Samuel 18:8, Lamentations 2:5 etc.; Imperative masculine singular הַרְבֵּה Ezekiel 24:10, הֶ֫רֶב Judges 20:38; feminine singular הַרְבִּי Isaiah 23:16; Infinitive absolute הַרְבֵּה Genesis 15:1 +, הַרְבָּה Genesis 3:16, Genesis 16:10, Genesis 22:17; Infinitive construct הַרְבּוֺת Deuteronomy 28:63 +; Participle מַרְבֶּה Exodus 16:17 +, construct מַרְבֵּה Leviticus 11:42.

1. Make much, or many

a. Of persons (multiply, increase)

• Genesis 16:10; Genesis 17:20; Isaiah 9:2
• Ezekiel 36:10–11 (+ עַל person)
• Deuteronomy 30:5 (+ מִן comparison)
• With פרה: Genesis 28:3; Genesis 48:4 (Priests' Code)
• Jeremiah 46:16 (make many stumble)
• Have many: 1 Chronicles 7:4; 1 Chronicles 8:40; 1 Chronicles 23:11

b. Of animals

• Deuteronomy 17:16 (twice)

c. Of things

• Hosea 2:10; Hosea 8:11, 14; Genesis 3:16
• Genesis 34:12 (dowry and gift)
• Opposed to הִמְעִיט (make few): Leviticus 26:16; Numbers 26:54; Numbers 33:54
• Of words: Ecclesiastes 10:14; Isaiah 1:15; Job 40:27
• Of songs: Isaiah 23:16
• Of days: Job 29:18
• Yield abundantly: Nehemiah 9:37; 2 Chronicles 31:5

d. Followed by infinitive or finite verb (do much, greatly)

• Amos 4:4 (transgress greatly); Ezra 10:13
• Isaiah 55:7; Exodus 36:5; 2 Chronicles 36:14; Psalm 78:38
• 1 Samuel 1:12 (pray a long time)
• With finite verb: 1 Samuel 2:3 (talk not so much); Psalm 51:4

e. The Infinitive absolute as adverb or adjective

1. I will greatly increase: Genesis 3:16; Genesis 16:10; Genesis 22:17
2. As adverb (greatly, exceedingly): Genesis 41:49; 1 Samuel 26:21; 2 Samuel 12:30; Joshua 13:1; Nehemiah 3:33; Ecclesiastes 1:16
3. As adjective: Deuteronomy 3:5; Joshua 22:8; 2 Samuel 8:8; Isaiah 30:33; Ecclesiastes 2:7; Ecclesiastes 12:12

2. Make great

• Of person: 2 Samuel 22:36 = Psalm 18:36
• Enlarge border: 1 Chronicles 4:10
• Make words great (presumptuous): Job 34:37

---

II. רָבָה verb — shoot.

— Qal Participle רֹבֶה קַשָּׁ֑ת Genesis 21:20 one shooting the bow.

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Crawford H. Toy, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Proverbs (1899).

³ Samuel Rolles Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: πληθυνῶ ἐπλήθυνεν πολλὰ ἐπλήθυνασ πληθυνεῖ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7235a:

πληθυνῶ 16× (6.1%)

ἐπλήθυνεν 13× (5.5%)

πολλὰ 13× (5.6%)

ἐπλήθυνασ 8× (3.2%)

πληθυνεῖ 7× (2.8%)

πληθύνεσθε 7× (2.6%)

πολλά 7× (3.0%)

πολὺ 6× (2.3%)

πληθύνων 6× (2.4%)

ἐπληθύνθησαν 6× (2.4%)

העם הָעָם

the People

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עם

ʻam

Definition

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

Root

from H6004 (עמם);

Exhaustive

from עמם; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock; folk, men, nation, people.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5971

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַם

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1100

Properly union, association, community, congregation, company. Hence: 1. A people (including the Israelite people, different nations, mankind, inhabitants of a city, countrymen, a tribe, kindred, or family-stock). 2. The mass of the people, the populace, or lower people (opposed to leaders/rich). 3. A troop of animals.

עַם

noun m. • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

People, the community, the mass of the people. Used along with אֻמָּה and גּוֹי.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַם

com. gen. • Page 512

a people, i. e. my people or country. Applied to animals, Prov. 30: 25, 26. Ps. 74: 14. Plur. עַמִּים (rarely in Chaldaic form עַמְמִים). Denotes the Jews as opposed to other nations (gentiles). Sometimes plur. stands for singular as Lev. 19: 16. נֶאֱסַף אֶל־עַמָּיו to be gathered to his people, i. e. to die.

עַם

chald. n. • Page 512

idem. Plur. עַמְמִין, emph. עַמְמַיָּא, Dan. 3 : 4, 7, 31. 5 : 19. 6 : 26. 7 : 14.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5971

I. עַם, עָם (approximate number of occurrences: 1840) noun masculine^{Genesis 11:6} — people.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew עַם (idem, plebeian)
• Aramaic עַמָּא people (plural peoples, tribes)
• Syriac ܥܡܐ
• Arabic عم (original meaning probably those united, connected, related¹)

— עַם absolute Genesis 11:6 +; עָם Judges 9:36 +; הָעָם Joshua 8:11 +; construct עַם Numbers 21:29 +; suffix עַמִּי Exodus 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Exodus 22:27 +; plural עַמִּים Isaiah 2:3 +; עֲמָמִים Nehemiah 9:22; construct עַמֵּי 1 Kings 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Nehemiah 9:24.

(Thesaurus cites following as feminine: וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Exodus 5:16 [but corrupt; read וְחַטָאתָ לְעַ, so Septuagint, Peshitta]; Judges 18:7 [but agrees with lost word city]; Jeremiah 8:5 [but read שׁוֺבַב]).

1. A people, nation

Collective noun (sometimes parallel גּוֺי):

• עַם אֶחָד (all mankind) Genesis 11:6 (Jehovist Source)
• Peoples in General: Genesis 27:29 (Jehovist Source; parallel לְאֻמִּים), Exodus 19:5 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 2:25, Deuteronomy 4:6, Nehemiah 13:24
• קְהַל עַמִּים assembly of peoples Genesis 28:3 (Priests' Code), Genesis 48:4 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 23:24
• Particular peoples: Egypt Genesis 41:40 (Elohist Source); עַם־אֲרָם Amos 1:5; Moab (עַם־כְּמוֺשׁ) Numbers 21:29 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Especially Israel: Exodus 1:20 (Elohist Source); עַם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Exodus 1:9 (Jehovist Source); עַם יהוה Numbers 11:29 (Elohist Source), 1 Samuel 2:24
• Figurative of ants Proverbs 30:25, rock-rabbits Proverbs 30:26, locusts Joel 2:2

2. Smaller units

a. Inhabitants of a city

• Genesis 19:4 (Jehovist Source)
• 1 Samuel 9:12, 13
• Jeremiah 29:16, 25

b. Inhabitants of a locality

• Jeremiah 37:12

c. Retainers, followers

• Genesis 14:16
• Genesis 32:8
• Genesis 33:15
• 2 Samuel 15:17

d. People bearing arms

• 1 Samuel 11:11
• עַם כָּבֵד (powerful force) Numbers 20:20 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• עַם הַצָּבָא Numbers 31:32 (Priests' Code)
• עַם הַמִּלְחָמָה Joshua 8:1, 3, 11 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

3. Common people

• Jeremiah 21:7, 22:4
• Leviticus 4:27 (opposed to ruler)
• Nehemiah 5:1, 7:5 (opposed to rulers)

4. Persons in general

• Genesis 50:20 (Elohist Source)
• Exodus 33:16 (Jehovist Source)
• עַם עוֺלָם (people of long ago in Sheol) Ezekiel 26:20

5. Common phrases

a. Compatriots

• בְּנֵי עַמּוֺ Numbers 22:5 (Elohist Source), Genesis 23:11 (Priests' Code), Leviticus 19:18 (Holiness Code)

b. Common people

• בְּנֵי הָעָם 2 Kings 23:6, 26:23

c. People of the land

• עַם הָאָרֶץ 2 Kings 11:14, Jeremiah 37:2, Genesis 23:7 (Priests' Code)

d. Designations of Israel

• עַם קָדוֺשׁ (holy people) Deuteronomy 7:6
• עַם סְגֻלָּה (treasured people) Deuteronomy 7:6, 26:18

---

II. [עַם] noun masculine — kinsman (later development of I. עַם²).

Cognates:

• Arabic عم paternal uncle
• Nabataean עם ancestor³

— suffix עַמִּי in בֶּן־עַמִּי; plural suffix עַמֶּיךָ Numbers 27:13, Numbers 31:2; עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8 +; עַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14 +.

1. father's kinsmen (especially of joining them in Sheol)
   • וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶל־עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8, 25:17, 35:29, 49:33 (all Priests' Code)
2. severed from kinsmen (excision)
   • וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14, Leviticus 7:20, Exodus 31:14 (Holiness Code)

---

Aramaic

עַם (compare Biblical Hebrew I. עַם) noun masculine — people.

• absolute Daniel 2:44, 3:29; Ezra 6:12
• construct Daniel 7:27
• emphatic עַמָּא Ezra 7:13, עַמָּה Ezra 5:12
• plural emphatic עַמֲמַיָּא Daniel 3:4, 3:7, 5:19, 7:14

¹ Julius Wellhausen, Grundriss der Geschichte Israels und Judas (GGN 1893, 480).

² W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia, 2nd ed., p. 72.

³ Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (1898), pp. 151, 499.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: λαοῦ λαὸσ λαὸν λαῷ λαόν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5971a:

λαοῦ 347× (18.2%)

λαὸσ 338× (17.6%)

λαὸν 251× (13.2%)

λαῷ 173× (8.7%)

λαόν 170× (8.8%)

λαόσ 132× (6.8%)

ἐθνῶν 46× (2.5%)

'' 43× (2.2%)

--- 41× (2.5%)

ἔθνη 39× (2.2%)

ויעצמו וַיַּעַצְמוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עצם

ʻâtsam

Definition

to bind fast, i.e. close (the eyes); intransitively, to be (causatively, make) powerful or numerous; to crunch the bones

Root

a primitive root; also denominatively (from H6106 (עצם))

Exhaustive

a primitive root; also denominatively (from עצם); to bind fast, i.e. close (the eyes); intransitively, to be (causatively, make) powerful or numerous; to crunch the bones; break the bones, close, be great, be increased, be (wax) mighty(-ier), be more, shut, be(-come, make) strong(-er).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6105

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָצַם

verb • Root עצם • Strongs / High • Page 1121

Transitive: to fit firmly to one another, to lace, knot, bind, enclose firmly. Intransitive: to be strong, powerful, mighty, or large; to have influence.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָצַם

verb • Root עצם • Page 521

I. 1. to be strong, mighty. Gen. 26:16. 2. to be numerous. Ps. 38:20. 40:6. Pi. to gnaw flesh from a bone. Jer. 50:17. Hiph. to make strong. Ps. 105:24.

עָצַם

verb • Root עצם • Page 521

II. to shut or close the eyes. Is. 33:15. Arab. to bind up.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6105

I. עָצַם (compare Lagarde¹) verb — be vast, mighty, numerous.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew Nithpael נִתְעַצֵּם (contend strenuously)
• Phoenician עצמת (mighty deeds), עצמם (bones)
• Arabic عظم (be great in bone, or anything), عظم (bones)
• Ethiopic ዐፅም (bones)
• Aramaic עִטְמָא, Syriac ܥܛܡܐ (thigh)

— עָצַם Perfect 3masculine singular וְעָצַם consecutive Daniel 8:24; Daniel 11:23; 2masculine singular עָצַמְתָּ Genesis 26:16; 3plural עָֽצְמוּ Isaiah 31:1 +, עָצֵ֑מוּ Psalm 38:20; Imperfect 3masculine plural וַיַּעַצְמוּ Exodus 1:7, Exodus 1:20; Infinitive construct עָצְמַת Isaiah 47:9; suffix עָצְמוֺ Daniel 8:8.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. be mighty

• Genesis 26:16 (Jehovist Source; with מִן compare)
• Daniel 8:8, 24
• Daniel 11:23

b. be numerous

• Isaiah 31:1 (parallel רַבּוּ)
• Isaiah 47:9 (בְּעָצְמַת חֲבָרַיִךְ מְאֹד)
• Jeremiah 5:6
• Jeremiah 30:14, 15
• Exodus 1:7 (Priestly Code)
• Exodus 1:20 (Jehovist Source)
• Psalm 38:20
• Psalm 69:5
• Jeremiah 15:8 (with מִן compare)
• Psalm 40:6
• Psalm 40:13
• Psalm 139:17

2. Hiphil usage

make strong

• Imperfect 3masculine singular with suffix: וַיַּעֲצִימֵהוּ Psalm 105:24 (+ מִן compare)

---

II. [עָצַם] verb — shut the eyes.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew Hiphil הֶעֱצִים
• Syriac ܥܨܡ (id.)
• Arabic عضم (IV; on the relation of the root see Nöldeke³)
• Late Hebrew עִמֵּץ (close eyes of dead; compare Barth²)

Qal Participle — וְעֹצֵם עֵינָיו מִן Isaiah 33:15 shutteth his eyes from seeing.

Piel Imperfect 3masculine singular — וַיְעַצֵּם אֶת־עֵינֵיכֶם Isaiah 29:10 he hath tightly shut your eyes (compare I. עצה).

¹ Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889), 31.

² Jacob Barth, Etymologische Studien zum Semitischen insbesondere zum hebräischen Lexicon (1893), 5f.

³ Theodor Nöldeke, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG) xxxii (1878), 406.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: ἐπληθύνθησαν ἐκραταιώθησαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H6105a:

ἐπληθύνθησαν 3× (15.5%)

ἐκραταιώθησαν 2× (10.3%)

מאד מְאֹד׃

exceeding/greatness

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מאד

mᵉʼôd

Definition

properly, vehemence, i.e. (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or superlative; especially when repeated)

Root

from the same as H181 (אוד);

Exhaustive

from the same as אוד; properly, vehemence, i.e. (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or superlative; especially when repeated); diligently, especially, exceeding(-ly), far, fast, good, great(-ly), [idiom] louder and louder, might(-ily, -y), (so) much, quickly, (so) sore, utterly, very ([phrase] much, sore), well.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3966

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מְאֹד

m. noun / adverb • Root אוד • Strongs / High • Page 798

As a noun: power, strength, firmness. As an adverb: much, exceedingly, entirely, quickly, very. It is used to give force to verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מְאֹד

substantive / adv. • Root אוד איד • Page 350

1. Strength, force, vehementia (Deut. 6:5; 2 K. 23:25). 2. Usually an adverb: exceedingly, very, especially (Gen. 7:19; Num. 14:7; Ps. 46:2).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3966

I. מְאֹד (approximate number of occurrences: 300) noun masculine — muchness, force, abundance, exceedingly.

Cognates:

• Assyrian mu'du (abundance)¹

1. Force, might

• Deuteronomy 6:5 suffix וּבְכָל־מְאֹדֶךָ and with all thy might
• 2 Kings 23:25

2. In different idioms

(298 times) to express the idea of exceedingly, greatly, very (whether of magnitude or degree):

a. As adverb accusative

Qualifying both adjectives and verbs:

• Genesis 1:31 טוֹב מְאֹד good exceedingly
• Genesis 4:5 וַיִּחַר לְקַיִן מְאֹד and Cain was wroth exceedingly
• Genesis 7:18 וַיִּגְבְּרוּ הַמַּיִם וַיִּרְבּוּ מְאֹד
• Genesis 12:14
• Genesis 13:2 וְאַבְרָם כָּבֵד מְאֹד בַּמִּקְנֶה
• Genesis 13:13 חַטָּאִים לַיהוָה מְאֹד
• Genesis 18:20
• Genesis 19:3, 9
• Genesis 21:11
• Genesis 24:16, 35 + often
• Psalm 46:2 עֶזְרָה בְצָרוֹת נִמְצָא מְאֹד as a help in troubles, to be found (= present) exceedingly
• With an infinitive: Isaiah 47:9 בְּעָצְמַת חֲבָרַיִךְ מְאֹד despite of thy spells being very numerous
• Joshua 9:13 מֵרֹב הַדֶּרֶךְ מְאֹד
• 1 Kings 7:47
• הַרְבֵּה מְאֹד Genesis 15:1, Genesis 41:49, Deuteronomy 3:5 +
• Later language לָרֹב מְאֹד Zechariah 14:14, 2 Chronicles 4:18, 9:9 (in 1 Kings 10:10 הַרְבֵּה מְאֹד), 2 Chronicles 24:24, 30:13
• לְהַרְבֵּה מְאֹד 2 Chronicles 11:12, 16:8

מְאֹד is not usually separated from the word it qualifies by more than one or two words:

• Genesis 20:8 וַיִּירְאוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים מְאֹד
• Numbers 11:10 וַיִּחַר־אַף יְהוָה מְאֹד
• See however: Deuteronomy 30:14, Judges 12:2, 2 Samuel 12:5, 1 Kings 11:19, Psalm 31:12

It precedes its verb:

• Psalm 47:10 מְאֹד נַעֲלָה (hence Psalm 97:9), Psalm 92:6

b. עַד־מְאֹד

Up to abundance, to a great degree, exceedingly:

• Genesis 27:33 חֲרָדָה גְּדֹלָה עַד־מְאֹד
• Genesis 27:34
• 1 Samuel 11:15 וַיִּשְׂמַח ... עַד־מְאֹד
• 1 Samuel 25:36 וְהוּא שִׁכֹּר עַד־מְאֹד
• 2 Samuel 2:17, 1 Kings 1:4
• Isaiah 64:8 (compare Lamentations 5:22)
• Lamentations 5:11
• Psalm 38:7, 9
• Psalm 119:8, 43, 51, 107
• Daniel 8:8, 11:25

c. עַד־לִמְאֹד

• (see עַד לְ) 2 Chronicles 16:14

d. Duplicated

(GKC² § 113k):

• Genesis 7:19 וְהַמַּיִם גָּבְרוּ מְאֹד מְאֹד
• Genesis 30:43
• Numbers 14:7
• 1 Kings 7:47
• 2 Kings 10:4
• Ezekiel 37:10

e. בִּמְאֹד מְאֹד

Literally with muchness, muchness:

• Genesis 17:2, 6, 20 (Priests' Code)
• Exodus 1:7 (Priests' Code)
• Ezekiel 9:9, 16:13

¹ Fritz Hommel, ZMG 1878, 711; Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (HWB), 1896, 399.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: σφόδρα --- λίαν ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3966:

σφόδρα 258× (88.7%)

--- 13× (4.5%)

λίαν 8× (2.7%)

'' 2× (0.6%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And God will do well to the midwives, and the people will multiply and be greatly strong.

LITV Translation:
And God dealt well with the midwives; and the people multiplied and became exceedingly strong.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And God did well to the midwives, and the people multiplied, and grew very strong.