Exodus 1:12

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

וכאשר וְכַאֲשֶׁר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כ

kə

Definition

like, as

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix Derived terms כאשר‎ (ka'ashér) כמו‎ (k'mó) כמות‎ (k'mót) כש־‎ (k'she-)

Exhaustive

(kaph) — as / like / according to

Core value: correspondence, patterning, resonance
כ never asserts identity. It asserts alignment.
- likeness,
- proportionality,
- conformity to a form.
Aonically, כ signals phase-alignment, not comparison.
not “like X in appearance” but “operating according to the same pattern as X.”
This is why prophetic and poetic language leans heavily on כ: it encodes structural analogy across layers, not metaphor.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אשר

ʼăsher

Definition

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.

Root

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);

Exhaustive

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number); who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.; [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H834

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר

noun proper • Root אשיר אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Proper name of a city east of Shechem, on the border of Manasseh.

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Relative pronoun: who, which; forming the relative in prose.

אֲשֶׁר

relative particle • Lemma_Lookup • Page 205

A relative particle or pronoun (who, which, that). It serves to connect a following clause with a preceding noun or pronoun. It can function as the subject or object within its clause (often supplemented by a pronominal suffix). In the accusative, it acts as a subordinate conjunction expressing relations of place (where, whither), time (when), and manner (as, that). It forms various compound conjunctions with prepositions, such as עַל אֲשֶׁר (wherefore, because), בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר (wherever), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (as).

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative / conjunction • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Relative pronoun and conjunction: that, which, where, so that, because, in order that. Used to express object and design, clauses relating to time (when), or causal relationships.

אֲשַׁר

verb • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 212

(not used) Aram. equivalent to Hebr אֶתֶר.

אֲשֻׁר

masc. / fem. • Root אשר אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

1. A tree, commonly sherbin-cedar, larch, or box-tree. 2. A step, walk.

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

Name of a tree; also the proper name of a city.

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine / noun proper • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

Happy; used as a proper name Asher (son of Jacob and the tribe named after him).

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Fortune, happiness; hence as an interjection in the construct state: hail! happy!

אָשֵׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be connected, united (equivalent to אָסַר).

אָשַׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To go about, run about; to go, to walk, to step along.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be united, by love, marriage, etc.; to be firm, strong, pressed together.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root ישר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be straight (even of a way); in a moral sense: to be right, honest, upright; to be prosperous, happy.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root עשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1143

(which see); Ar. the same, hence עָשִׁיר a spouse, an associate. Deriv. אֲשֵׁרָה, עֲשֵׁרָה, עָשִׁירָה.

אָשֻׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Step, walk.

אֹשֶׁר

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Prosperity.

אֻשַּׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be led, guided.

אֲשֶׁר אַחֲרֵי־כֵן

adverbial phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 708

After that.

אֲשַׂרְאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Proper noun, masculine. ('El is allied). Found in 1 Chr. 4, 16. Equivalent to the Phenician Osiris, an epithet of Ba'al.

אֲשַׂרְאֵלָה

noun proper masculine • Root אשר אלה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Proper noun, masculine. Found in 1 Chr. 25, 2. A variant reading is יְשַׂרְאֵלָה (Jesharelah).

אֲשֵׁרָה

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Name of a Phenician goddess, sometimes identified with the Sidonian Astarte; also refers to the wooden image/pillar of the goddess standing beside the altar of Ba'al.

אָשֵׁרִי

adjective • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Gentile of Asher; Asherite.

אֲשְׂרִיאֵל

noun proper masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

Proper name of a man (Num. 26:31; Josh. 17:2).

אֲשֵׁרִים

noun masculine plural • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

Male images of Baal, of wood, symbolising Baal as a generating power, and distinct from images of Ashera.

אֻשַּׁרְנָא

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

A wall (Ezr. 5:3), properly a firm thing. Formed from אָשַׁר with the termination na.

אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַבַּיִת

phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 238

head of the palace, minister of the court

אֶת־אֲשֶׁר

relative phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 87

the person whom or the thing which

כַּאֲשֶׁר

conjunction • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 669

as, when, according as, since.

תְּלַאשַּׂר

unknown • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1515

see תְּלָאשֶׁר.

תְּלָאשָׂר

noun proper • Root תל אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1513

(as also תְּלַשַּׁר Is. 37, 12, also in mss. תְּלַסַּר) n. p. of a Mesopotamian province and city, inhabited by the בְּנֵי עֶדֶן, and formerly subject to Assyria Is. 37, 12; 2 Kings 19, 12. The word has arisen from תֵּל and אָשָׁר = אָשׂוּר.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative • Page 79

Relative pronoun: who, which, that. Used for both genders and numbers. Often acts as a sign of relation for other pronouns and adverbs (e.g., אֲשֶׁר-שָׁם 'where', אֲשֶׁר-מִשָּׁם 'whence').

אֲשֶׁר

adv. or conjunction • Page 80

Used as an adverb or conjunction; signifies (1.) *that, to the end that, ut*; (2.) *that, how that, quod*; (3.) *because*; (4.) *if*; (5.) *for*; (6.) *when*; (7.) *as*; (8.) *where*. References include Gen. 11:7, Deut. 4:40, Ex. 11:7, Jos. 2:10, 1 Sam. 24:19, 1 K. 8:33, Lev. 4:22, Jer. 33:22, Num. 20:13.

אֶשֶׁר

noun • Page 79

Happiness, prosperity; found only in the plural construct אַשְׁרֵי (the happinesses of). (Ps. 1:1, 2:12, 32:1, 33:12; Prov. 3:13, 8:34; Deut. 33:29).

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Page 80

*Prosperity*. Reference: Gen. 30:13.

אָשֵׁר

m. proper name • Page 79

1. A son of Jacob, progenitor of one of the tribes of Israel. 2. A city not far from Shechem (Josh. 17:7).

אָשַׁר

verb • Root ישר • Page 79

1. To go straight, proceed (Prov. 9:6). 2. To be right, suitable, successful, or prosperous (Hab. 2:4). Pi.: To lead or guide straight (Prov. 23:19; Is. 1:17). Pu.: To be guided or pronounced happy (Ps. 41:3; Prov. 3:18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H834

אַשֶׁר particle of relation (Moabite idem; origin dubious: 1 according to Tsepreghi Diss. Lugd. p. 171 Mühlau Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n. Sta Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167 Hom ZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll § 153 Sayce Hebraica. ii. 51 Lag M. i. 255 & especially Krae Hebraica. vi. 298 ff, originally a substantive 'place' = ܐܠܗܐ footstep, mark, ሀሁሂሄ (do.), אֲתָר, ܐܒܓܕ place, Assyrian ašru, used (see Kraetz.) both as a substantive 'there, where,' and as a relative of place 'where': in Hebrew this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign Generally. The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Hebrew from the other Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from demonstrative roots (compare also Nö ZMG 1886, 738). 2 according to Phi St. C. 73 Sperling Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22 for אֲשֶׁל, developed from the relative שֶׁ (q. v.) by (1) the prefixing of either a merely prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal א (giving rise to אש, the form of the relative in Phoenician), and (2) the addition of the demonstrative root ל [found also in אֵל, אֵלָה, הָלָזֶה (q. v.), السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ he who, አማር: who (plural)]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of ל to ר, which is hardly rendered probable by the compare of Syriac ܒܝܫܐ by side of הָלְכָא. 1 seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the different Semitic languages, and having been weakened in Hebrew to a mere particle of relation).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש
• Syriac ܐܝܢܐ, ܕ
• Arabic الّذي
• Ethiopic ያ
• Assyrian ašru

A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule אַשֶׁר is a mere connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pronominal affix, or other word, such as שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely: e.g. Genesis 1:11 אַשֶׁר זַרְעָהּ literally as to which, its seed is in it = in which is its seed, Psalm 1:4 like the chaff אַשֶׁר תִּדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ as to which, the wind drives it = which the wind drives, etc.; & so אַשֶׁר שָׁם = where, אַשֶׁר מִשָּׁם = whence, Genesis 2:11; Genesis 3:23; Genesis 20:13 etc. Sometimes also (see below) the relation expressed by it is specifically temporal, local causal, etc. More particularly

1. Relative Pronoun Uses

it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nominative or oblique cases, as Numbers 22:6 and he whom thou cursest is cursed, Exodus 4:12 and I will teach thee אַשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר that which thou shalt say; and with particles or prepositions, as אֵת אַשֶׁר (according to the context) him who . . ., those who . . ., that which . . . ; לַאֲשֶׁר to him who . . . Genesis 43:16, to those who . . . Genesis 47:24, to that which Genesis 27:8; מֵאֲשֶׁר Judges 16:30; 2 Samuel 18:18 than those whom; Leviticus 27:24 לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ מֵאִתּוֹ to him from whom he bought it, Numbers 5:7; Isaiah 24:2 כַּאֲשֶׁר יֵשׁ בּוֹ like him against whom there is a creditor.

2. Pronominal Affix and Defining Adjunct

instances of אַשֶׁר followed by a pronominal affix, or by שָׁם, שָׁמָה, מִשָּׁם, are so common that the examples cited above will be sufficient. Very rarely there occurs the anomalous construction עִם אַשֶׁר Genesis 31:32 for אַשֶׁר עִמּוֹ (see Genesis 44:9), בַּאֲשֶׁר Isaiah 47:12 for אַשֶׁר בָּהֶם, לַאֲשֶׁר for אַשֶׁר לָהֶם Ezekiel 23:40: Psalm 119:49 see under עַל אַשֶׁר. It is followed by the pronoun in the nominative, in the following cases:

• (a) immediately, mostly before an adjective or participle, Genesis 9:3 all moving things אַשֶׁר הוּא חַי which are living, Leviticus 11:26; Numbers 9:13; Numbers 14:8,27; Numbers 35:31; Deuteronomy 20:20; 1 Samuel 10:19 (see Dr) 2 Kings 25:19 ("" Jeremiah 52:25 הָיָה) Jeremiah 27:9; Ezekiel 43:19; Haggai 1:9; Ruth 4:15; Nehemiah 2:18; Ecclesiastes 7:26; before a verb 2 Kings 22:13 (omitted 2 Chronicles 34:21).
• (b) in a negative sentence, at the end: Genesis 7:2; Genesis 17:12; Numbers 17:5; Deuteronomy 17:15 אַשֶׁר לֹא אָחִיךָ הוּא who is not thy brother, Deuteronomy 20:15; Judges 19:12; 1 Kings 8:41 "" 1 Kings 9:20 "".

N.B. Psalm 16:3 אַשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵמָּה is an unparalleled expression for 'who are in the land'; read אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵמָּה אֲדִירִי וְגָבְהוּ 'the saints that are in the land, they (הֵמָּה) are the nobles, in whom,' etc.

3. First Person Pronouns

sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pronoun of 1 or 2 person as well as of 3 person. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered I who . . ., thou who, etc.; Hosea 14:4 אַשֶׁר בְּךָ יְרֻחָם יָתוּם thou by whom the fatherless is compassionated! Jeremiah 31:32 I, whose covenant they brake, Jeremiah 32:19; Isaiah 49:23; Job 37:17 f. thou whose garments are warm . . ., canst thou? etc., Psalm 71:19; Psalm 71:20; Psalm 144:12 we whose sons, etc., Psalm 139:15 my frame was not hidden from thee, אֲשֶׁר עֻשִּׂיתִי בַסֵּתֶר I who was wrought in secret (= though I was wrought in secret), Exodus 14:13 for ye who have seen the Egyptians to-day, — ye shall not see them again for ever! (compare Psalm 41:9).

4. Dispensing with Defining Adjunct

the defining pron. adjunct is dispensed with — a. when אַשֶׁר represents the simple subject of a sentence, or the direct object of a verb: so constantly, as Genesis 2:1 the work אַשֶׁר עָשָׂה which he made, Genesis 3:3 the tree אַשֶׁר בְּתוֹךְ הַגָּן which is in the midst of the garden, etc. b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אַשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why:

• (α) Genesis 6:4 אֲחֲרֵי כֵן אַשֶׁר afterwards, when, etc. (compare 2 Chronicles 35:20) Genesis 45:6 there are still 5 years אַשֶׁר אֵין חָרִישׁ when there shall be no plowing, Joshua 14:10; 1 Kings 22:25; after יוֹם or הַיּוֹם Deuteronomy 4:10; Judges 4:14; 1 Samuel 24:5 (see Dr) 2 Samuel 19:25; Jeremiah 20:14 and elsewhere; similarly Genesis 40:13.
• (β) Genesis 35:13 בַּמָּקוֹם אַשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אִתּוֹ in the place where he spake with him, Genesis 35:14; Genesis 39:20; Numbers 13:27; Numbers 22:26; Deuteronomy 1:31 in the desert which thou sawest, where (accents Ke Di), Deuteronomy 8:15; 1 Kings 8:9 (unless לֻחוֹת הַבְּרִית has here fallen out: see Dr & Deuteronomy 9:9) Isaiah 55:11; Isaiah 64:10; Psalm 84:4.
• So (γ) in אֶל אַשֶׁר to (the place) which (or whither) Exodus 32:34; Ruth 1:16; אֶל כָּל אַשֶׁר to every (place) whither Joshua 1:16; Proverbs 17:8; בַּאֲשֶׁר in (the place) where Judges 5:27; Judges 17:8,9; 1 Samuel 23:13; 2 Kings 8:1; Ruth 1:16,17; Job 39:30, once only with שָׁם Genesis 21:17; בְּכָל אַשֶׁר wheresoever Joshua 1:7,9; Judges 2:15; 1 Samuel 14:47; 1 Samuel 18:5; 2 Samuel 7:7; 2 Kings 18:7; עַל אַשֶׁר to (the place) whither (or which) 2 Samuel 15:20; 1 Kings 18:12; עַל כָּל אַשֶׁר Jeremiah 1:7.
• (δ) זֶה הַדָּבָר אַשֶׁר this is the reason that or why . . . Joshua 5:4; 1 Kings 11:27.

5. Extreme Instances

c. more extreme instances Leviticus 14:22,30,31; Numbers 6:21; Deuteronomy 7:19 (wherewith), Deuteronomy 28:20; 1 Samuel 2:32 (wherein), 1 Kings 2:26; Judges 8:15 (about whom), Isaiah 8:12 (where יֹאמַר would be followed normally by לוֹ), Isaiah 31:6 turn ye to (him as to) whom they have deeply rebelled, Isaiah 47:15; Zephaniah 3:11; Ecclesiastes 3:9; 1 Kings 14:19 (= how).

6. Poetry Usage

d. it is dispensed with only in appearance after אֵת אַשֶׁר אָמַר (אָמַר תִּי followed by the words used, its place being really taken by a pronoun in the speech which follows, as Genesis 3:17 the tree as to which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat from it, Exodus 22:8; Deuteronomy 28:68; Judges 7:4 (זֶה) Judges 8:15 (where the noun repeated takes the place of the pronoun, compare Deuteronomy 9:2) 1 Samuel 9:17 (זֶה):23 +; compare 2 Samuel 11:16; 2 Kings 17:12; 2 Kings 21:4. 5 אַשֶׁר sometimes in poetry = one who, a man who (men who), ὅστις, οὗτινος, Psalm 24:4; Psalm 55:20; Psalm 95:4; Psalm 95:5; Job 4:19; Job 5:5 (Hi) Job 15:17.

7. Substantive Antecedent Insertion

6 אַשֶׁר occasionally receives its closer definition by a substantive following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the relative clause: (a) in the phrase peculiar to Jeremiah, אֶל יְרוּשָׁלַיִם אֶל אַשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר יְהוָה that which came (of) the word of יְהוָה to Jeremiah Jeremiah 14:1; Jeremiah 46:1; Jeremiah 47:1; Jeremiah 49:34 (compare Ew § 334); (b) Exodus 25:9; Numbers 33:4; 1 Samuel 25:30; 2 Kings 8:12; 2 Kings 12:6 לְכָל אַשֶׁר יִמְצָא שָׁם בַּדֶּקֶת Ezekiel 12:25; compare the Ethiopic usage Di § 201; (c) (antecedent repeated) Genesis 49:30 = Genesis 50:13, 1 Samuel 25:30 (יְהוָה repeated), Isaiah 54:9 (probably) as to which I sware that, etc., Amos 5:1 which I take up over you (as) a dirge.

8. Genitive Circumlocution

7 אֵת אַשֶׁר לְ that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used a. either alone or preceded by כָּל to express (all) that (belongs) to, as Genesis 14:23 מִכָּל אֲשֶׁר לְךָ of all that is thine, Genesis 31:1 מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ of that which was our father's, Genesis 32:24 & sent over אֵת אֲשֶׁר לוֹ that which he had, + often b. as a circumlocution of the Genitive, as Genesis 29:9 עִם הַצֹּאן אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ with the sheep that were her father's, Genesis 40:5; Genesis 47:4; Leviticus 9:8; Judges 6:11; 1 Samuel 25:7 הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְךָ, 2 Samuel 14:31 אֵת הַחֶלְקָה אֲשֶׁר לִי, 2 Samuel 23:8; 1 Kings 1:8,33 עַל הַמִּרְכֶּבֶת אֲשֶׁר לִי upon mine own mule, 1 Kings 1:49; 1 Kings 4:2; 2 Kings 11:10; 2 Kings 16:13; Ruth 2:21; and especially in the case of a compound expression depending on a single Genitive, as Genesis 23:9; Genesis 40:5; Genesis 41:43 מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁר לוֹ the chariot of the second rank which he had, Exodus 38:30; Judges 3:20; Judges 6:25; 1 Samuel 17:40; 1 Samuel 21:8 אֲבִיר הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל the mightiest of Saul's herdmen, 1 Samuel 24:5 אֵת כְּנַף הַמְּעִיל אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל, 2 Samuel 2:8 Saul's captain of the host, 1 Kings 10:28; 1 Kings 15:20; 1 Kings 22:31; Jeremiah 52:17; Ruth 4:3. c. with names of places (especially such as do not readily admit the stative construct) Judges 18:28; Judges 19:14 הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לִבְנֵי יָמִין Gibeah (the hill) of Benjamin, Judges 20:4; 1 Samuel 17:1; 1 Kings 15:27; 1 Kings 16:15; 1 Kings 17:9; 1 Kings 19:3; 2 Kings 14:11. compare שֶׁ (q. v.) which in Rabb, like the Aramaic דִּי, ܐܢܐ, is in habitual use as a mark of the Genitive. — N.B. In Aramaic also דִּי, ܕ, without לְ, expresses the Genitive relation, as מִלְּתָא דִּי מַלְכָּא, literally the word, that of the king = the word of the king. The few apparent cases of a similar use of אַשֶׁר are, however, too foreign to the general usage of the language to be regarded otherwise than as due to textual error: 1 Samuel 13:8 read אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (or שָׁם Exodus 19:5) שְׁמֻאֵל (Dr ἕπεστιν); 1 Kings 11:25 supply עָשָׂה (Dr ἠν ἀπέστειλεν); 2 Kings 25:10 supply אֵת with (as "" Jeremiah 52:14); 2 Chronicles 34:22 read וְאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (compare Dr) and those whom the king appointed (abbreviated from 2 Kings 22:14); compare Ew § 292 a, b with note.

9. Conjunction Usage

8 אַשֶׁר becomes, like Aramaic דִּי, ܕ, a conjunction approximating in usage to כִּי: thus a. = quod, ὅτι, that, subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc. (a) with אֵת Deuteronomy 9:7 forget not אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִקְצַפְתָּ the fact that (= how) thou provokedst, etc., Deuteronomy 29:15; Joshua 2:10; 1 Samuel 24:11; 1 Samuel 24:19; 2 Samuel 11:20 know ye not אֵת אֲשֶׁר יֹרִים how they shoot from off the wall? 2 Kings 8:12; Isaiah 38:3 #NAME? 1 Kings 14:19; 2 Kings 14:15; 2 Kings 20:20. Of time (peculiarly) 2 Samuel 14:15 עַתָּה אֲשֶׁר now (is it) that . . . Zechariah 8:20 (probably) yet (shall it be) that . . . Zechariah 8:23; compare כִּמְעַט שֶׁ Song of Solomon 3:4. (β) without אֵת (not very common, כִּי being usually employed): after יָדַע Exodus 11:7; Ezekiel 20:26 (very strange in Ezekiel: see Hi) Job 9:5 (Ew De Di) Ecclesiastes 8:12, רָאָה Deuteronomy 1:31 (RV) 1 Samuel 18:15, הִתְוַדָּה to confess Leviticus 5:5; Leviticus 26:40 b, הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1 Kings 22:16 (caused to swear that . . .); after a noun Isaiah 38:7 הָאוֹת אֲשֶׁר the sign that . . . ("" 2 Kings 20:9 כִּי): with growing frequency in late Hebrew, 2 Chronicles 2:7, and especially Nehemiah, Esther: Nehemiah 2:5,10; Nehemiah 7:65 (= Ezra 2:63) Nehemiah 8:14,15; Nehemiah 10:31; Nehemiah 13:1,19,22; Esther 1:19; Esther 2:10; Esther 3:4; Esther 6:2; Esther 8:11; Ecclesiastes 3:22 (מֵאֲשֶׁר) Ecclesiastes 5:4; Ecclesiastes 7:18 (with טוֹב: contrast Ruth 2:22) Ruth 2:22; Ruth 2:29; Ruth 8:12; Ruth 8:14; Ruth 9:1; Daniel 1:8 (twice in verse). (γ) prefixed to a direct citation, like כִּי q. v. (= ὅτι recitativum) (rare) 1 Samuel 15:20; 2 Samuel 1:4; 2 Samuel 2:4 (see Dr) Psalm 10:6 (probably), Nehemiah 4:6. b. it is resolvable into so that: Genesis 11:7 אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִשְׁמְעוּ so that they understand not, etc., Genesis 13:16; Genesis 22:14 אֲשֶׁר יֵאָמֵר so that it is said, Exodus 20:26; Deuteronomy 4:10,40 אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לָכֶם Deuteronomy 6:3; Deuteronomy 28:27,51; 1 Kings 3:12,13; 2 Kings 9:37; Malachi 3:19. c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since: Genesis 30:18; Genesis 31:49 and Mizpah, אֲשֶׁר אָמַר for that he said, Genesis 34:13,27; Genesis 42:21 we are guilty, אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ we who saw (or, in that we saw), Numbers 20:13 Meribah, because they strove there, Deuteronomy 3:24; Joshua 4:7,23; Joshua 22:31; Judges 9:17; 1 Samuel 2:23; 1 Samuel 15:15; 1 Samuel 20:42 go in peace, אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ forasmuch as we have sworn, 1 Samuel 25:26 thou whom (= or, seeing that) יְהוָה hath withholden, 2 Samuel 2:5 blessed are ye of יְהוָה, אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם, who (οὗτινος) have done (or in that ye have done), 1 Kings 3:19; 1 Kings 15:5; 2 Kings 12:3; 2 Kings 17:4; 2 Kings 23:26; Jeremiah 16:13; Ecclesiastes 8:11,12 (Hi De Now). Here also belongs its use in אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה since why . . . ? (= lest) Daniel 1:10: see below לָמָּה. On אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן forasmuch as Job 34:27 see below כִּי עַל כֵּן. d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar): Leviticus 4:22 אֲשֶׁר יֶחֱטָא in (case) that = when (or if) a ruler sinneth (Leviticus 4:3; Leviticus 4:13; Leviticus 4:37 אִם), Numbers 5:29 (explained differently by Ew § 334 a), Deuteronomy 11:27 and the blessing אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ if ye hearken (Deuteronomy 11:28 אִם), Deuteronomy 18:22 Ges, Joshua 4:21 אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלֻן when they ask . . ., then . . . (Joshua 4:6 כִּי), Isaiah 31:4. In 1 Kings 8:33 ("" 2 Chronicles 6:24 כִּי, compare 2 Chronicles 6:35; 2 Chronicles 6:37) אֲשֶׁר may be rendered indifferently because or when. Once, similarly, אֵת אֲשֶׁר 1 Kings 8:31 ("" אִם). e. perhaps (exceptionally) = כַּאֲשֶׁר, as, Jeremiah 33:22; Isaiah 54:9 (followed by כֵּן; but כֵּן q. v. sometimes stands without כַּאֲשֶׁר, & אֲשֶׁר may in these passages connect with what precedes); according to some also Jeremiah 48:8; Psalm 106:34 (in a connection where כַּאֲשֶׁר would be more usual: אֲשֶׁר may however be the object of אָמַר). In 1 Samuel 16:7 אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם read כַּאֲשֶׁר, see Dr. f. combined with prepositions, אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions: see below, בַּאֲשֶׁר, כַּאֲשֶׁר, מֵאֲשֶׁר. On its use similarly with (אַחֲרֵי) אַחַר, מִבְּלִי, בְּעָבוּר, עַל דְּבַר, יַעַן, לְמַעַן, כְּפִי, עַד, עַל, עָקֵב, מִמִּנִּי, תַּחַת, see these words. — הָאֲשֶׁר, with ה interrogative, occurs once, 2 Kings 6:22. In Deuteronomy 15:14 also read כַּאֲשֶׁר: note בָּרַכְתָּ before. Note 1 אֲשֶׁר being a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent in English, its force is not unfrequently capable of being represented in more than one way. See e.g. 2 Samuel 2:5 (above 8c), Isaiah 28:12 unto whom he said, or for that he said to them. Note 2. The opinion that אֲשֶׁר has an asseverative force (like כִּי, q. v.), or introduces the apodosis, is not probably, being both alien to its general usage & not required by the passages alleged. Render Isaiah 8:20 either 'Surely according to this word will those speak who have no dawn,' or '. . . will they speak when (compare above 8d Deuteronomy 11:27; Joshua 4:21) they have no dawn.'

Compounds

בַּאֲשֶׁר

19 a. in (that) which . . . Isaiah 56:4; Isaiah 65:12; Isaiah 66:4 (above 1); Ecclesiastes 3:9 in (that, in) which (4c); Isaiah 47:12 (see 2). b. adverb in (the place) where: above 4b (γ). c. conjunction in that, inasmuch as, Genesis 39:9,23; Ecclesiastes 7:2; Ecclesiastes 8:4; compare ܒܕܝܠ. d. Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic בְּדִיל: see below שֶׁ).

כַּאֲשֶׁר

see below כְּ.

מֵאֲשֶׁר

17 a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that . . .) Genesis 3:11; Exodus 29:27 (twice in verse); Numbers 6:11 (see Leviticus 4:26; Joshua 10:11; Judges 16:30; Isaiah 47:13 +; than that . . . Ecclesiastes 3:22; לְבַד מֵאֲשֶׁר Esther 4:11. b. adverb from (the place) where: above 4a (β). c. conjunction from (the fact) that . . ., since Isaiah 43:4.

כַּאֲשֶׁר

conjunction according as, as, when (compare for the combined Aramaic כְּדִי, כַּד) — 1 according to that which, according as, as: a. Genesis 34:12 I will give כַּאֲשֶׁר תֹּאמְרוּ אֵלַי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, Genesis 44:1; Exodus 8:23; Numbers 22:8; 1 Samuel 2:16; Genesis 34:22 if we are circumcised כַּאֲשֶׁר הֵמָּה נְמוֹלִים; Genesis 41:21 כַּאֲשֶׁר בַּתְּחִלָּה as at the beginning, so כֵּן בְּרָאשִׁית Joshua 8:5,6; 2 Samuel 7:10; Exodus 5:13 כַּאֲשֶׁר בִּהְיוֹת הַתָּבֶן Genesis 7:9 they came in two by two כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה אֱלֹהִים אֶת נֹחַ, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P, Genesis 7:16; Genesis 8:21; Genesis 12:4; Genesis 17:23; Genesis 21:1 (twice in verse); Exodus 16:24; Exodus 39:1,5,7; Numbers 3:16,42 etc.; כֵּן כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר Deuteronomy 1:21; Deuteronomy 2:1; Deuteronomy 6:3,19 #NAME? Deuteronomy 1:21. b. answered, for increased emphasis, by כֵּן (compare כְּ 2d), Genesis 50:12 וַיַּעֲשׂוּ כֵּן כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּם, Exodus 7:10,20; Genesis 18:5 (J) כֵּן חַי כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתָּ, Exodus 10:10 (iron.), Amos 5:14 (do.); in opposed to order, Judges 1:7 כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשִׂיתִי, כֵּן שִׁלַּמְתִּי לִי, Exodus 7:6 כֵּן עָשׂוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה, compare Exodus 12:28,50; Exodus 39:43; Numbers 5:4; Numbers 17:26; Numbers 36:10 (all P); with imperfect (frequently) Numbers 2:17 (P) כַּאֲשֶׁר יַחֲנוּ כֵּן יִסָּעוּ; of degree = the more . . . the more, Exodus 1:12 וְכַאֲשֶׁר יְעַנּוּ אֹתוֹ כֵּן יִרְבֶּה וְכֵן יִפְרֹץ, compare Exodus 17:11 (JE) כַּאֲשֶׁר יָרִים מֹשֶׁה יָדוֹ according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Numbers 14:28 אִם לֹא כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתֶּם כֵּן אֶעֱשֶׂה, Deuteronomy 28:63 (Jeremiah 31:28), 1 Kings 1:30; Isaiah 10:11; Isaiah 14:24; Isaiah 52:14 f. (see כֵּן 2b). c. answered by וְ (Dr § 127 γ) Exodus 16:34; Numbers 1:19. d. often in similes (followed by imperfect of habit) Exodus 33:11 כַּאֲשֶׁר יְדַבֵּר אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ, Numbers 11:12; Deuteronomy 1:44; Isaiah 9:2; Isaiah 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Isaiah 31:4; Isaiah 55:10; Isaiah 66:22; Amos 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the perfect with וְ consecutive (Dr § 115) Deuteronomy 22:26; Isaiah 29:8 כַּאֲשֶׁר יַחֲלֹם הָרָעֵב וְהִנֵּה אֹכֵל, Isaiah 65:8; Amos 5:19. e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (compare הָיָה כְּ) to be as if, Job 10:19 כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא הָיִיתִי כֵּן אֶהְיֶה, Zechariah 10:6 וְהָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא זְנַחְתִּים. 2 with a casual force, in so far as, since (German demgemäss dass), Genesis 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא נְגַעֲנוּךָ according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Numbers 27:14 כַּאֲשֶׁר מְרִיתֶם פִּי inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Judges 6:27; 1 Samuel 28:18 (answered by עַל כֵּן), 2 Kings 17:26; Micah 3:4. 3 with a temporal force, when, Genesis 18:33 and יְהוָה went away כַּאֲשֶׁר כִּלָּה when he had finished, etc., Genesis 32:3; Genesis 32:32; 1 Samuel 8:6; 2 Samuel 12:21 +; answered by וְ (Dr § 127 β), 1 Samuel 6:6; 1 Samuel 12:8; וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר and it came to pass, when . . . Genesis 12:11; Genesis 20:13; Genesis 24:22,52; Exodus 32:19 + often; Genesis 43:14 כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁכַלְתִּי שָׁכָלְתִּי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved! an expression of resignation, so Esther 4:16 כַּאֲשֶׁר אָבַדְתִּי אָבָדְתִּי. Joshua 2:7 אַחֲרֵי כַּאֲשֶׁר is a 'conflate' reading, omit either אַחֲרֵי or כַּאֲשֶׁר. Of future time, Genesis 27:40; Genesis 40:14 כַּאֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לִי, Hosea 7:12; Ecclesiastes 4:17; Ecclesiastes 5:3, and without a verb Isaiah 23:5 כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁמַע לְמִצְרַיִם. — Micah 3:3 כַּאֲשֶׁר is simply as that which, Job 29:25 as one who.

שֶׁ, also (Genesis 6:3 [? see 4a], Judges 5:7 (twice in verse); Song of Solomon 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַׁ, שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judges 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Ecclesiastes 2:22, שְׁהֵם Ecclesiastes 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song of Solomon 1:6; Ecclesiastes 2:18, שֶׁאֲהֵבִים Psalm 146:3, שֶׁעָל Judges 7:12; Judges 8:26, שֶׁרְאֹשִׁי Song of Solomon 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb 371, 445; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb 227f.): according to Ges Ew § 181 b Ol p. 439 Sta § 176 e, abbreviated from אַשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אַשֶׁר], Kö ii. 323 f.) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אַשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judges 5:7 (twice in verse) [אַשֶׁר Judges 5:27], Judges 6:17; Judges 7:12; Judges 8:26; 2 Kings 6:11 (see 4c), Jonah 1:7,12; Jonah 4:10 [אַשֶׁר 11t.], Psalm 122:3; Psalm 122:4; Psalm 123:2; Psalm 124:1; Psalm 124:2; Psalm 124:6; Psalm 129:6; Psalm 129:7; Psalm 133:2; Psalm 133:3; Psalm 135:2; Psalm 135:8; Psalm 135:10; Psalm 136:23; Psalm 137:8; Psalm 137:9; Psalm 144:15; Psalm 146:3; Psalm 146:5; Lamentations 2:15,16; Lamentations 4:9; Lamentations 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1 Chronicles 5:20; 1 Chronicles 27:27; Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song of Solomon 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89t.); also (dubious) Genesis 6:3; Genesis 49:10 (שִׁלֹה Dr § 176 e), Job 19:29; and in the proper name (מִי שָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל). — In usage, שֶׁ is in the main parallel with אַשֶׁר, namely 1 as pronoun who, which, whom, Judges 7:12 כָּהוּל שֶׁעָל שְׁפָת הַיָּם (compare חוּל c), Psalm 122:3; Psalm 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song of Solomon 1:7; Song of Solomon 3:1; 1 Chronicles 27:27; Ecclesiastes 1:11; Ecclesiastes 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לִימָיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), Ecclesiastes 6:10; הוּא שֶׁ that which Ecclesiastes 1:9 (twice in verse); in the Genitive, אֲשֶׁרִי שֶׁ Psalm 137:8; Psalm 137:9; Psalm 146:5. — On מַה שֶׁ in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1e b. 2 as a connecting link; = where (compare אַשֶׁר p. 81, and 4b β), מְקוֹם שֶׁ Ecclesiastes 1:7; Ecclesiastes 11:3 (compare מְקוֹם אַשֶׁר Genesis 39:20 +: Ges § 130c), whither Psalm 122:4 (שֶׁשָׁמָּה Dr § 176 e), when Song of Solomon 8:8; Ecclesiastes 12:3 בַּיּוֹם שֶׁ (compare ib. 4b a). 3 as a conjunction (compare אַשֶׁר 8); — a. that, after רָאָה Ecclesiastes 2:13; Ecclesiastes 3:18, יָרַע Ecclesiastes 1:17; Ecclesiastes 2:14; Ecclesiastes 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֵּר Ecclesiastes 2:15, אָמַר Ecclesiastes 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֹת Judges 6:17; as subject of sentence, Ecclesiastes 3:13; Ecclesiastes 5:15; also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that? Song of Solomon 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָה 1d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶׁ how comes it that ...? Ecclesiastes 7:10; (b) Song of Solomon 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתִּי hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Ecclesiastes 7:14 עַל דִּבַּר שֶׁלֹּא יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Ecclesiastes 5:15 כָּל עֻמָּת שֶׁבָּא exactly as ..., Ecclesiastes 12:9 תּוֹר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶׁ (עַד Dr § 176 e Judges 5:7) until that Psalm 123:2; Song of Solomon 2:7,17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song of Solomon 5:1), while Song of Solomon 1:12 (ib. 2d); עָשָׂה שֶׁ to make or cause that ..., Ecclesiastes 3:14 (compare Ezekiel 36:27). b. involving a reason (compare אַשֶׁר 8c), because, since, Song of Solomon 1:6 (twice in verse); Song of Solomon 5:2; Ecclesiastes 2:18 b. Hence שֶׁלָּמָּה Song of Solomon 1:7 since why? = lest (see מָה 4d b). 4 compounds: a. בְּשֶׁ, i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Ecclesiastes 2:16; also (according to Dr § 176 e Hu De) Genesis 6:3 בְּשֶׁגָּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגָג. b. כְּשֶׁ, i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Ecclesiastes 5:14; Ecclesiastes 12:7; (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Ecclesiastes 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Ecclesiastes 1:14) Ecclesiastes 9:12; Ecclesiastes 10:3. c. מִשֶׁ, i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2 Kings 6:12 מִי מִשֶׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours? (but Klo Kmp Kau Benz מְגַלֶּה לָנוּ who betrays us? compare Dr § 176 e); Ecclesiastes 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Ecclesiastes 3:22), + Ecclesiastes 2:24 (read מִשֶׁיֹּאכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Ecclesiastes 3:22). d. שֶׁל, like אַשֶׁר לְ (אַשֶׁר 7b), a mark of the Genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song of Solomon 1:6 = Song of Solomon 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song of Solomon 3:7 מִטָּתוֹ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song of Solomon 1:12 הוֹי מְתַלְמִידֵי שֶׁלְאַהֲרֹן be of Aaron's disciples, Song of Solomon 2:1 הוֹי מְתַפַּלֵּל בְּשֶׁלּוֹ, Song of Solomon 2:2; Song of Solomon 3:2 הוֹי מִתְפַּלֵּל בְּשֶׁלָּהֶם; compare ܐܠܗܐ in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 ܒܪܐܠܗܐ my words, Nö § 225). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Genesis 12:13 בְּדִילִי on my account, Genesis 30:27; Genesis 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֹסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what? Judges 8:1; 2 Samuel 9:1; 1 Kings 11:12,39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom? ("" Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), Jonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי on account of me (Dr § 176 e בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Ecclesiastes 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דִּי because that, as Genesis 6:3 בְּדִיל דִּי אִינּוּן בִסְרָא, Genesis 39:9 בְּדִיל דִּי אִיתֵית לִי [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אֵת אִשְׁתּוֹ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb 233, — in Tariff Genesis 1:4 (Cooke N. Semitic Inscr. 320) = ἐπίδη). [שֹׁא] see [שׁוּא].

¹ Tsepreghi Diss. Lugd. p. 171 Mühlau Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n. Sta Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167 Hom ZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll § 153 Sayce Hebraica. ii. 51 Lag M. i. 255 & especially Krae Hebraica. vi. 298 ff.

² Phi St. C. 73 Sperling Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22.

³ Nö ZMG 1886, 738.

⁴ Ew § 334.

⁵ Dr.

⁶ Hi.

⁷ Ew De Di.

⁸ Ew De.

⁹ Ew § 334 a.

¹⁰ Hu De.

¹¹ Dr § 176 e.

¹² Kö ii. 323 f.

¹³ Ges Ew § 181 b Ol p. 439 Sta § 176 e.

¹⁴ Dr § 176 e.

¹⁵ Hi De and others.

¹⁶ Dr § 176 e.

¹⁷ Klo Kmp Kau Benz.

¹⁸ Ew De, etc.

¹⁹ Nö § 225.

²⁰ Cooke N. Semitic Inscr. 320.

Conjunction, Preposition, Particle relative

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0834d:

No stats available

יענו יְעַנּוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ענה

ʻânâh

Definition

to depress literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive (in various applications, as follows)

Root

a primitive root (possibly rather identical with H6030 (ענה) through the idea of looking down or browbeating);

Exhaustive

a primitive root (possibly rather identical with ענה through the idea of looking down or browbeating); to depress literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive (in various applications, as follows); abase self, afflict(-ion, self), answer (by mistake for ענה), chasten self, deal hardly with, defile, exercise, force, gentleness, humble (self), hurt, ravish, sing (by mistake for ענה), speak (by mistake for ענה), submit self, weaken, [idiom] in any wise.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6031

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָנָה

verb • Root ענה • Strongs / High • Page 1110

To reply, answer, announce, reveal, declare, or make a judge's sentence; also, to procure, accomplish, hear, comply with, or sing (alternate song/choir); to begin to cry, shout, or speak; in judicial style, to testify, attest, bear witness.

עָנָה

verb qal / pih / hif • Root ענה • Strongs / High • Page 1111

I. To agree; (Pih.) to strike up, a singing match, to sing alternately; (Hif.) to grant. The fundamental significance is to turn, to wind, to turn back, applied to 1. Answering or replying. 2. Repeating, responding, or alternating. 3. Aiming at, intending. 4. Acting, carrying on, doing.

עָנָה

verb qal • Root ענה • Strongs / High • Page 1111

II. Intransitive: 1. To be low, sunk, of the ground. 2. Transferred to persons: to be bowed down, oppressed; to be suppressed, faint-hearted, dispirited, bowed, unfortunate, miserable; to be vexed, to be in toil. Figuratively: to be humble, piously-patient, meek, mild; to be miserable, suffering, unfortunate, helpless.

עָנָה

verb • Root ענה • Strongs / High • Page 1112

To press, enemies. (Hithp.) to be afflicted, to suffer, endure, to bow or submit oneself.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָנָה

verb • Root ענה • Page 517

2. to suffer, to be bowed down or oppressed (Ps. 116:10, 119:67). Includes conjugations: Niph. (to be afflicted, Ps. 119:107), Pi. (to oppress, humble, or ravish a woman, Gen. 16:6, 34:2), Pu. (to be oppressed, Ps. 119:71), Hiph. (to humble, 1 K. 8:35), Hithpa. (to humble one's self, Gen. 16:9).

עָנָה

a proper verb • Page 516

I. 1. To answer. Construed with an accus. of the person (Job 1: 7) or an accus. of the thing (Job 40: 2). 2. To hear, liter. to answer a prayer, used particularly of God. 1 Sam. 9: 17. Ps. 3: 5. 3. To begin to speak, particularly in later Hebrew. Job 3: 2. 4. To give testimony, to testify. Gen. 30: 33. Ex. 20: 16. 5. To pass a sentence, responsum dare; spoken of a judge. Ex. 23: 2. 6. To cry, shout, for the onset or for victory. Ex. 32: 18. Jer. 51: 14. 7. To sing. Ex. 15: 21. Niph. 1. To be answered. Job 11: 2. 2. To be heard. Job 19: 7. Pi. i. q. Kal no. 7. to sing. Ex. 32: 18. Is. 27: 2.

עָנָה

a proper verb • Page 516

II. 1. To bestow labour or toil on any thing, to busy one's self therewith, construed with בְ. Citations: Ecc. 1: 14. 3: 10.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6031

II. עָנָה (only Ecclesiastes; perhaps Aramaic loan-word) verb — be occupied, busied with (ב).

Cognates:

• Syriac ܥܢܳܐ be occupied with
• Syriac ܥܶܢܝܳܢܳܐ occupation, affair
• Arabic عني concern one, be occupied by
• Ecclus 42:8 margin

— Qal Infinitive עֲנוֺתִ Ecclesiastes 1:13; Ecclesiastes 3:10.

---

III. עָנָה verb — be bowed down, afflicted.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Mesha Inscription Pi`el ויענו, אענו
• Assyrian enû thwart, frustrate, do violence to
• Arabic عنا, عנו be lowly submissive (see Rahlfs<sup>2</sup>)
• Targum עַנִּי Pa`el oppress
• Syriac Ethpe`el humble oneself

— Qal Perfect 1 singular עָנִיתִי Psalm 116:10; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעֲנֶה Isaiah 25:5, Isaiah 31:4 etc.

1. Qal Meanings

a. Be put down or become low

• Isaiah 25:5 (of song of triumph; others as Hiph`il תַּכְנִיעַ)

b. Be depressed, downcast

• Isaiah 31:4 (of lion; + יֵחָ֑ת)

c. Be afflicted

• Psalm 116:10
• Psalm 119:67
• Zechariah 10:2

— Niph`al Perfect 1 singular נַעֲנֵיתִי Psalm 119:107; Infinitive construct לֵעָנֹת (perhaps read as Qal GKC¹ §51 l) Exodus 10:3; Participle נַעֲנֶה Isaiah 53:7; feminine singular נַעֲנָה Isaiah 58:10.

2. Niph`al Meanings

1. humble oneself מִמְּנֵי Exodus 10:3
2. be afflicted Psalm 119:107; Isaiah 53:7; Isaiah 58:10

— Pi`el Perfect 3 masculine singular עִנָּה Deuteronomy 22:24 (5 times); 2 masculine singular עִנִּיתָ Psalm 88:8; 1 singular עִנֵּיתִי Psalm 35:13, suffix וְעִנִּתִךְ consecutive Nahum 1:12 etc.; Imperfect יְעַנֶּה Job 37:23; Imperative עַנּוּ Judges 19:24; Infinitive absolute עַנֵּה Exodus 22:22; construct עַנּוֺת Isaiah 58:5 +; Participle plural suffix מְעַנַּיִךְ Isaiah 60:14; Zephaniah 3:19.

3. Pi`el Meanings

1. humble, mishandle, afflict:
   • individual Genesis 16:6; Genesis 31:50 (Yahwist Source); Exodus 22:21–22 (Elohist Source); Job 30:11
   • by imprisonment and bonds Judges 16:5, 6, 19; Psalm 105:18
   • a nation by war or in bondage Genesis 15:13 (Yahwist Source); Exodus 1:11–12; Numbers 24:24 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 26:6; 1 Samuel 12:8; 2 Samuel 7:10; 2 Kings 17:20; Psalm 94:5; Isaiah 60:14; Zephaniah 3:19; dynasty of David Psalm 89:23
2. humble a woman by cohabitation:
   • Genesis 34:2 (Yahwist Source); Deuteronomy 21:14; Deuteronomy 22:24, 29; Judges 19:24; Judges 20:5; 2 Samuel 13:12, 14, 22, 32; Ezekiel 22:10, 11; Lamentations 5:11
3. afflict as a discipline (God agent):
   • Deuteronomy 8:2, 3, 16; 1 Kings 11:39; Psalm 88:8; Psalm 90:15; Psalm 119:75; Isaiah 64:11; Nahum 1:12; Lamentations 3:33
4. humble, weaken:
   • object כֹּחַ Psalm 102:24; משׁפט Job 37:23 (compare Talmud עִנָּה דִּין)
   • נֶפֶשׁ oneself, by fasting Leviticus 16:29, 31; Leviticus 23:27, 32; Numbers 29:7 (Priests' Code); Psalm 35:13; Isaiah 58:3, 5
   • by an oath Numbers 30:14 (Priests' Code)

— Pu`al Perfect 1 singular עֻנֵּיתִי Psalm 119:71; Imperfect 3 feminine singular תְּעֻנֶּה Leviticus 23:29; Infinitive construct suffix עֻנּוֺתוֺ Psalm 132:1; Participle מְעֻנֶּה Isaiah 53:4.

4. Pu`al Meanings

1. be afflicted, in discipline by God Psalm 119:71; Psalm 132:1; Isaiah 53:4
2. be humbled by fasting Leviticus 23:29 (Priests' Code)

— Hiph`il Imperfect 2 masculine singular suffix תַּעֲנֵם 1 Kings 8:35; 2 Chronicles 6:26 afflict, in discipline.

— Hithpa`el Perfect 3 masculine singular הִתְעַנָּה 1 Kings 2:26; 2 masculine singular תִתְעַנִּיתָ 1 Kings 2:26; Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִתְעַנּוּ Psalm 107:17; Imperative הִתְעַנִּי Genesis 16:9; Infinitive construct הִתְעַנּוֺת Ezra 8:21; Daniel 10:12.

5. Hithpa`el Meanings

1. humble oneself (with תַּחַת יָדֶיהָ) Genesis 16:9 (Yahwist Source)
2. be afflicted, by men 1 Kings 2:26; by God in discipline Psalm 107:17
3. humble oneself in fasting Ezra 8:21; Daniel 10:12

II. ענה (root of following; see Biblical Hebrew III. ענה, עָנָו, עָנִי).

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² A. Rahlfs, עָנִי und עָנָי in d. Psalmen (1892), 67 ff.

Verb Piel imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: ἐταπείνωσεν ἐταπείνωσαν ἐταπείνουν αὐτούσ ταπεινώσετε

LXX Usage Statistics

H6031b:

ἐταπείνωσεν 6× (6.7%)

ἐταπείνωσαν 4× (4.7%)

ἐταπείνουν 4× (4.7%)

αὐτούσ 3× (2.9%)

ταπεινώσετε 3× (3.1%)

ἡμᾶσ 3× (2.7%)

ταπεινωθῆναι 3× (2.9%)

ἀπεκρίθη 2× (2.4%)

ταπεινώσεισ 2× (2.4%)

κακώσῃ 2× (2.4%)

אתו אֹתוֹ

his eternal self

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

ו

Definition

him, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9033

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אֵת

preposition • Page 82

1. with, together with (Gen. 4:1); 2. with, near by (Gen. 39:6); 3. in or on a place (1 Sam. 7:16); 4. besides (1 K. 11:25); 5. towards, erga (Ruth 2:20, 2 Sam. 16:17).

אֵת

i. m. subst. • Page 81

Ploughshare. Inflected in two ways as אֵתִים and אֵתִין. References: 1 Sam. 13: 20, 21; Is. 2: 4; Joel 4: 10 [3:10]. Its etymology is suggested to be related to the word מַחֲרֶשֶׁת.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H853

I. אֵת — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite idem, Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f., Samaritan ܢܡ; Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been ʾiwyaṯ, originally a substantive with following Genitive, Ol p. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוּת sign from √ אוָה is uncertain: Ol W AG i. § 188 Lag M i. 226 affirm, Nö ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוּת; the forms with אֵת, אֶת being abbreviated. In post-Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוּתוֹ הַיּוֹם = Biblical Hebrew בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא, בְּאוּתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוּתוֹ הָאִישׁ = Biblical Hebrew הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.)
• Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos
• Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f.
• Samaritan ܢܡ
• Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189
• Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כָּל), or by a Genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names

• a. With transitive verbs:
  • Genesis 1:1, 16, 29, 30; Genesis 2:11; Genesis 4:1, 2; Genesis 9:3 (אֶת־כָּל) etc.
  • Similarly אֶת־מִי whom (in particular), Joshua 24:15; 1 Samuel 12:3; 1 Samuel 28:11; Isaiah 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶת־מָה); also with זֶה Genesis 29:33; Genesis 44:29; 1 Samuel 21:16; 1 Kings 22:27 +, זֹאת Genesis 29:27; 2 Samuel 13:27 +, אַחֲלֶה Genesis 46:18; Leviticus 11:18; Isaiah 49:21 +.
  • So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry אֵת is commonly dispensed with.
  • By the use of אֵת with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Genesis 7:1; Genesis 24:14; Genesis 37:4; Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 11:33; Numbers 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 6:13, 23; Deuteronomy 13:5; Judges 14:3 אוּתָהּ קַח־לִי take for me her, 1 Samuel 14:35; 1 Samuel 15:1; 1 Samuel 18:17; 1 Samuel 21:10 אִם־אֶת־הָהִיא תִּקַּח־לְךָ קַח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1 Kings 1:35; 1 Kings 14:9; Isaiah 43:22; Isaiah 57:11; Jeremiah 9:2.
  • So הָאוּתִי Jeremiah 5:22; Jeremiah 7:19.
  • It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jeremiah 7:19; Ezekiel 34:2.
  • Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew § 277 d 2 Ges § 117, 1, R. 2), as Exodus 21:28; Numbers 21:9; Leviticus 20:14; 1 Samuel 24:6 (but see Dr) 2 Samuel 4:11; 2 Samuel 18:18; 2 Samuel 23:21; or which, though definite, is without the article, Genesis 21:30; 2 Samuel 15:16; Leviticus 26:5; 1 Samuel 9:3 (so Numbers 16:15) Isaiah 33:19; Isaiah 41:7; Ezekiel 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.).
• b. With a passive verb (Ges § 121. 1 Ew § 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Genesis 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֹךְ אֶת־עִירָד, Genesis 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Genesis 21:5 (E), Genesis 27:42; 2 Samuel 21:11; 1 Kings 18:13; Hosea 10:6 etc., to Jeremiah 35:18; Jeremiah 38:4; Jeremiah 50:20; Ezekiel 16:4, 5; Esther 2:13 (compare Dr JPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew § 281 b), as Exodus 1:7 +.
• c. With neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατά σύνεσιν (rare): Joshua 22:17; 2 Samuel 11:25; Nehemiah 9:32 (compare 1 Samuel 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Haggai 2:17; אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֲלֵי.
• d. Poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force: Habakkuk 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isaiah 13:19; Jeremiah 50:40 מַהֲפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W AG i. § 196, 43]; and Numbers 10:2; Ezekiel 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׁאוֹת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew § 239 a).

2. אֵת marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb

• a. With verbs of motion (very rare): Numbers 13:17; Deuteronomy 1:19; Deuteronomy 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judges 19:18; Ezekiel 21:25 (Ew § 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
• b. Denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exodus 13:7; Leviticus 25:22; Deuteronomy 9:25.
• c. Expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Genesis 17:11, 14; 1 Kings 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατά σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition

• Thus (α): Exodus 1:14; Numbers 3:26, 46; Numbers 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezekiel 35:10) Numbers 18:21 b Deuteronomy 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deuteronomy 14:13; Joshua 17:11; Judges 20:44, 46 (contr. Judges 20:25; Judges 20:35) 1 Samuel 17:34 (see Dr) 1 Samuel 26:16; 2 Samuel 21:22; 2 Kings 6:5; Isaiah 53:8 (probably), Isaiah 57:12; Jeremiah 23:33 (but read rather with LXX Targum אֶתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jeremiah 27:8; Jeremiah 36:22; Jeremiah 38:16 Kt, Jeremiah 45:4 b Ezekiel 16:22; Ezekiel 17:21; Ezekiel 20:16; Ezekiel 29:4; b Ezekiel 43:7 (LXX Co prefix הָרְאִיתָ) Ezekiel 44:3; Zechariah 8:17; Ecclesiastes 4:3; Daniel 9:13; Nehemiah 9:19, 34; 1 Chronicles 2:9; 2 Chronicles 31:17.
• In 1 Samuel 30:23; Haggai 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood.
• (β): Jeremiah 38:9; Ezekiel 14:22; b Ezekiel 37:19 b Zechariah 12:10; סָבִיב אֵת 1 Kings 6:5; Ezekiel 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings LXX omits the clause: so Sta ZAW 1883, 135).
• — In 1 Kings 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); 1 Kings 11:25 is corrupt (read with LXX זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדַד); Ezekiel 47:17, 18, 19 read similarly for וְאֵת, זֹאת: see Ezekiel 47:20.

— For some particulars as to the use of אֵת, see A. M. Wilson Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, אֵת with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie ZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli Had. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתו (Lzb 263 Cooke 170; compare RÉS 468); Targum Onkelos Samaritan יָת; Syriac ܒܪ (rare)); — Daniel 3:12 דִּי מְנִיּתָ יָתְהוֹן whom thou hast appointed.

¹ Schröd: Paul Schröder, Die phönizische Sprache, Halle, 1869.

² Lag: Paul de Lagarde, works on Semitic languages.

³ Nö: Theodor Nöldeke, Orientalische Skizzen, Berlin, 1892.

⁴ Ol: Julius Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Braunschweig, 1861.

⁵ W AG: Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae, ed. by E. Rödiger, Leipzig, 1835-1858.

⁶ Di: August Dillmann, Ethiopic Grammar, Leipzig, 1857.

⁷ Targ: Targum.

⁸ PS: Payne Smith, Syriac Dictionary.

⁹ Qor: Quran.

¹⁰ Ew: Heinrich Ewald, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Göttingen, 1870.

¹¹ Ges: Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Dr: Samuel Rolles Driver, works on Hebrew.

¹³ JPh: Journal of Philology.

¹⁴ LXX: Septuagint.

¹⁵ Targum: Targum.

¹⁶ Sta: Bernhard Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, Berlin, 1887.

¹⁷ ZAW: Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

¹⁸ Gie: Friedrich Giesebrecht, works on Hebrew.

¹⁹ Lzb: Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik, Weimar, 1898.

²⁰ Cooke: George Albert Cooke, North-Semitic Inscriptions, Oxford, 1903.

²¹ RÉS: Revue des Études Sémitiques.

Direct object eternal self, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

כן כֵּן

an upright one/stand/thus

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כן

kên

Definition

properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and relation; often with other particles)

Root

from H3559 (כון);

Exhaustive

from כון; properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and relation; often with other particles); [phrase] after that (this, -ward, -wards), as... as, [phrase] (for-) asmuch as yet, [phrase] be (for which) cause, [phrase] following, howbeit, in (the) like (manner, -wise), [idiom] the more, right, (even) so, state, straightway, such (thing), surely, [phrase] there (where) -fore, this, thus, true, well, [idiom] you.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3651

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֵּן

adverb • Strongs / High • Page 681

Same as כֹּה, is only met with in the compound אֵי־כֵן (which see), 2 KINGS 6, 13 K‘ri.

כֵּן

noun / adjective / particle • Root כון • Strongs / High • Page 683

A word derived from the root כּוּן, used as a noun, adjective, and particle.

כֵּן

masculine noun / substantive / adverb / particle • Root כון • Strongs / High • Page 708

Properly, standing upright, standing firm. Figuratively: upright, honest. As a substantive or adverb: right, honestly. Also a particle of comparing and confirming: so, thus, just so; of such a nature, of such kind; so much, in such number; referring to time: so long, immediately, forthwith; with confirmation power: certainly, surely, yea; limiting: however, but, yet.

כֵּן

coll. f. • Root כנן • Strongs / High • Page 711

A collective feminine noun, same as כִּנִּים (lice, gnats). The text discusses the proper vocalization based on its defective spelling.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֵּן

noun • Root כון • Page 320

II. 1. a place. Gen. 40: 13, 41: 13, Dan. 11: 20, 21, 38. 2. a frame, stand, basis. Is. 33: 23, Ex. 30: 18, 28, Lev. 8: 11, 1 K. 7: 31.

כֵּן

unknown • Page 320

III. Is. 51: 6. prob. the sing. of כִּנִּים (q.v.). Others render it 'just so, in like manner'.

כֵּן

participle / adv. • Root כון • Page 319

1. Strictly a participle from כּוּן. Metaphorically: upright, honest, sincere (Gen. 42:11, 19, 31). As an adverb: right, rightly, recte (Num. 27:7, 36:5). 2. As an adverb: (1.) thus, so (Gen. 29:26, Josh. 2:21). (2.) then, therefore (Ps. 48:6).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3651

I. כֵּן adjective — right, veritable, honest (properly firm, upright).

Cognates:

• Syriac recte¹

— כֵּן absolute Exodus 10:29 +; plural כֵּנִים Genesis 42:11, 19, 31, 33, 34.

1. Right

a. Usually indeclinable, often as substantive "a right thing"

• Exodus 10:29 (Jehovist Source) (+ כֵּן דִּבַּרְתָּ)
• Numbers 27:7 (+ כֵּן דֹּבְרֹת) (Priests' Code)
• Numbers 36:5 (Priests' Code)
• Proverbs 28:2 (the) right (i.e. order and justice)
• Judges 12:6 (adverb, aright, of pronunciation)
• Ecclesiastes 8:10 (with verb agendi)
• Psalm 65:10 (right well)

b. With לֹא, as adjective, "not right"

• 2 Kings 17:9 (+ דְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר לֹא־כֵן)
• Proverbs 15:7 (of heart of a fool)
• Jeremiah 23:10
• Jeremiah 8:6 (as substantive)
• 2 Kings 7:9 (+ לֹא־כֵן)

2. Veritable, true

• Proverbs 11:19 (+ כֵּן־צְדָקָה) true righteousness
• Isaiah 16:6 (= Jeremiah 48:30a)
• Joshua 2:4 (in assent, Right! Correct!)

3. Plural concrete, "honest" (men)

• Genesis 42:11, 19, 31, 33, 34 (Elohist Source)

I. כֵּן (approximate number of occurrences: 741) adverb — so (i.e. usually, as has been described or commanded).

Cognates:

• Phoenician כן
• Late Hebrew כן
• Targum כֵּן
• Syriac ken (then)
• Arabic أكن, لكن (but)

— כֶּן־הוּא Genesis 44:10 (4 times).

1. Uses and Phrases

a. General usage (manner, quantity, quality)

• Judges 5:31 (+ כֵּן יֹאבְדוּ)
• Numbers 13:33 (+ וְכֵן הָיִינוּ בְּעֵינֵיהֶם)
• Exodus 10:14 (twice; of quantity)
• 1 Kings 6:26, Ezekiel 41:7

b. Force elicited from context

• 1 Kings 2:7 (with kindness as enjoined)
• Psalm 63:3 (+ חֲזִיתִךָ כֵּן בַּקֹּדֶשׁ)
• Psalm 127:2 (as abundantly)

c. Particular phrases

• וַיְהִי־כֵן and it was so: Genesis 1:7, 9, 11 +
• וַיַּעַשׂ כֵּן and he did so: Genesis 29:28, Genesis 42:20 +
• אִם־כֵּן if it be so: Genesis 25:22, Genesis 43:11
• לֹא־כֵן not so: Numbers 12:7, 2 Samuel 20:21, Psalm 1:4

2. In comparison and agreement

a. כְּ... כֵּן (According to... so)

• Genesis 44:10, Joshua 2:21 (+ כְּדִבְרֵיכֶם כֶּן־הוּא)
• Psalm 103:15 (in similes)

b. כַּאֲשֶׁר... כֵּן (As... so)

• Exodus 7:6, Exodus 12:28 (Priests' Code)
• Exodus 1:12 (the more... the more)

3. With prepositions

a. אַחַר כֵּן / אַחֲרֵי כֵן

Afterwards (see אַחַר).

b. בְּכֵן

Thereupon, then (Late Hebrew): Ecclesiastes 8:10, Esther 4:16.

c. לָכֵן

Therefore (introduces divine declaration): Numbers 16:11, Amos 4:12, Isaiah 7:14 +.

d. עַל־כֵּן

Therefore (regularly assigning origin of name or custom): Genesis 2:24, Genesis 11:9, Exodus 20:11 +.

¹ R. Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus, Oxford, 1879-1901 (PS).

² Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (Kö).

Aramaic

I. כֵּן adverb thus, as follows (Biblical Hebrew כֵּן).

1. usually with verb of saying
   • וְכֵן אֲמַר לֵהּ Daniel 2:24
   • Daniel 2:25, Daniel 4:11, Daniel 6:7, Daniel 7:5, 23
   • Ezra 5:3
   • וְכֵן כְּתִיב בְּגַוַּהּ Ezra 6:2

¹ Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS).

² Répertoire d’Épigraphie Sémitique (RÉS).

Adverb

LXX: οὕτωσ τοῦτο ταῦτα --- ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3651c:

οὕτωσ 299× (40.5%)

τοῦτο 278× (32.8%)

ταῦτα 44× (5.0%)

--- 29× (4.0%)

'' 19× (2.2%)

τούτου 15× (1.8%)

ἕνεκεν 11× (1.5%)

οὕτω 8× (1.1%)

ὡσαύτωσ 8× (1.1%)

εἵνεκεν 6× (0.8%)

ירבה יִרְבֶּה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רבה

râbâh

Definition

to increase (in whatever respect)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to increase (in whatever respect); (bring in) abundance ([idiom] -antly), [phrase] archer (by mistake for רבב), be in authority, bring up, [idiom] continue, enlarge, excel, exceeding(-ly), be full of, (be, make) great(-er, -ly, [idiom] -ness), grow up, heap, increase, be long, (be, give, have, make, use) many (a time), (any, be, give, give the, have) more (in number), (ask, be, be so, gather, over, take, yield) much (greater, more), (make to) multiply, nourish, plenty(-eous), [idiom] process (of time), sore, store, thoroughly, very.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7235

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רָבָה

verb • Root רבה • Strongs / High • Page 1315

I. To be long, of a way; to be abundant; to grow up, to become large/great; to be mighty.

רָבָה

verb • Root רבה • Strongs / High • Page 1315

I. To practise usury; to increase, to multiply, to be numerous.

רָבָה

verb • Root רבה • Strongs / High • Page 1315

II. To cast, to hurl. (Only used in participle form, may mean archer).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הִרְבָּה

hiph. v. • Root רבה • Page 605

1. To make numerous, to increase (Gen. 3:16, Prov. 22:16, Hos. 10:1). 2. To make great, enlarge (1 Chr. 4:10, Job 34:37). 3. To have much or many (1 Chr. 7:4, Lev. 11:42). 4. To give much (Ex. 30:15). 5. Forms a periphrasis for the adv. much (1 Sam. 1:12, Ex. 36:5, Ps. 78:38). Infin. absol. הַרְבֵּה used as an adv. much (Ecc. 5:11).

רָבָה

verb • Root רבה • Page 605

1. To be or become many or numerous, to increase (Gen. 1:22, 28, 9:1, 7, Ex. 1:20). 2. To be great (Gen. 43:34, Job 33:12), to become great, to grow (Deut. 30:16, Gen. 21:20).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7235

I. רָבָה (approximate number of occurrences: 225) verb — be, or become, much, many, great.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Assyrian rabû be great, grow
• Arabic ربا
• Aramaic רְבָא grow, increase

Qal

— Perfect 3 feminine singular רָֽבְתָה 1 Samuel 14:30; 2 masculine singular וְרָבִ֫יתָ consecutive Deuteronomy 30:16; 3 plural רָבוּ Ezra 9:6 + etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִרְבֶּה Deuteronomy 8:13 +, jussive יִ֫רֶב Genesis 1:22, 2 Chronicles 24:27 Qr; וַיִּ֫רֶב Exodus 1:20; 3 feminine singular תִּרְבֶּה Deuteronomy 7:22, Daniel 12:4; וַתֵּ֫רֶב Genesis 43:34, 1 Kings 5:10; 3 masculine plural יִרְבּוּ Deuteronomy 11:31 +, יִרְבּוּן Psalm 139:18, יִרְבְּיֻן Deuteronomy 8:13 etc.; Imperative masculine singular וּרְבֵה Genesis 35:11; Infinitive construct רְבוֺת Exodus 11:9 +; Participle רֹבֶה see II. רבה.

1. Become many, numerous

a. Of people

• Exodus 1:10, 12 (Jehovist Source)
• Exodus 1:20 (Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 6:3; Deuteronomy 8:1; Deuteronomy 30:16
• Zechariah 10:8
• 1 Chronicles 5:23; 1 Chronicles 23:17 (רָבוּ לְמָ֑עְלָה)
• Especially with פרה (be fruitful and multiply): Jeremiah 3:16; Jeremiah 23:3 figurative of flock
• Genesis 47:27b (Priests' Code); Exodus 1:7 (Priests' Code)
• Of man and beast: Ezekiel 36:11; Psalm 107:38
• Of children: Job 27:14
• Of the righteous: Proverbs 28:28; Proverbs 29:2 (Toy² reads רְדוֺת rule)
• Of the wicked: Proverbs 29:16

b. Of animals

• Deuteronomy 7:22 (+ עַל person); Deuteronomy 8:13
• 1 Chronicles 5:9
• With פרה: Genesis 1:22; Genesis 8:17 (Priests' Code)

c. Of things

• Deuteronomy 8:13 (twice); Ezekiel 31:5; Exodus 11:9 (Priests' Code); Ecclesiastes 5:10
• Of sins: Ezra 9:6 (+ לְמַ֫עְלָה); Proverbs 29:16; Psalm 16:4; Psalm 139:18
• Of days: Genesis 38:12 (Jehovist Source); Deuteronomy 11:21; 1 Samuel 7:2; Proverbs 9:11; Proverbs 4:10 (years of life)
• Of waters: Genesis 7:17 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 7:18 (Priests' Code)

2. Be great or grow great

a. Be great

• Of things: Genesis 43:24 (Jehovist Source); 1 Samuel 14:30
• Of a way (be long): Deuteronomy 19:6; Deuteronomy 14:24 (be too long for)
• Of wisdom: 1 Kings 5:10
• Of God (too great for man): Job 33:12

b. Grow great (Aramaism)

• Of person (grow up): Ezekiel 16:7 (+ גָּדַל); Job 39:4
• Of glory: Psalm 49:17
• Of knowledge: Daniel 12:4

Pi`el

— make large, increase, rear.

— Imperative masculine singular רַבֶּה צְבָאֲךָ Judges 9:29 enlarge thy host; Perfect 2 masculine singular רִבִּיתָ בִּמְחִירֵיהֶם Psalm 44:13 thou hast not set a high price; bring up, rear (children) Lamentations 2:22 (+ טמּח); (whelps) Ezekiel 19:2 figurative.

Hiph`il

— Perfect 3 masculine singular הִרְבָּה Hosea 8:11 +, suffix וְהִרְבְּךָֹ consecutive Deuteronomy 30:5; 2 masculine singular הִרְבִּיתָ Isaiah 9:2 +, 1 singular הִרְבֵּיתִי Hosea 2:10 +; Imperfect יַרְבֶּה Hosea 12:2 +, וַ֫יֶּרֶב 2 Samuel 18:8, Lamentations 2:5 etc.; Imperative masculine singular הַרְבֵּה Ezekiel 24:10, הֶ֫רֶב Judges 20:38; feminine singular הַרְבִּי Isaiah 23:16; Infinitive absolute הַרְבֵּה Genesis 15:1 +, הַרְבָּה Genesis 3:16, Genesis 16:10, Genesis 22:17; Infinitive construct הַרְבּוֺת Deuteronomy 28:63 +; Participle מַרְבֶּה Exodus 16:17 +, construct מַרְבֵּה Leviticus 11:42.

1. Make much, or many

a. Of persons (multiply, increase)

• Genesis 16:10; Genesis 17:20; Isaiah 9:2
• Ezekiel 36:10–11 (+ עַל person)
• Deuteronomy 30:5 (+ מִן comparison)
• With פרה: Genesis 28:3; Genesis 48:4 (Priests' Code)
• Jeremiah 46:16 (make many stumble)
• Have many: 1 Chronicles 7:4; 1 Chronicles 8:40; 1 Chronicles 23:11

b. Of animals

• Deuteronomy 17:16 (twice)

c. Of things

• Hosea 2:10; Hosea 8:11, 14; Genesis 3:16
• Genesis 34:12 (dowry and gift)
• Opposed to הִמְעִיט (make few): Leviticus 26:16; Numbers 26:54; Numbers 33:54
• Of words: Ecclesiastes 10:14; Isaiah 1:15; Job 40:27
• Of songs: Isaiah 23:16
• Of days: Job 29:18
• Yield abundantly: Nehemiah 9:37; 2 Chronicles 31:5

d. Followed by infinitive or finite verb (do much, greatly)

• Amos 4:4 (transgress greatly); Ezra 10:13
• Isaiah 55:7; Exodus 36:5; 2 Chronicles 36:14; Psalm 78:38
• 1 Samuel 1:12 (pray a long time)
• With finite verb: 1 Samuel 2:3 (talk not so much); Psalm 51:4

e. The Infinitive absolute as adverb or adjective

1. I will greatly increase: Genesis 3:16; Genesis 16:10; Genesis 22:17
2. As adverb (greatly, exceedingly): Genesis 41:49; 1 Samuel 26:21; 2 Samuel 12:30; Joshua 13:1; Nehemiah 3:33; Ecclesiastes 1:16
3. As adjective: Deuteronomy 3:5; Joshua 22:8; 2 Samuel 8:8; Isaiah 30:33; Ecclesiastes 2:7; Ecclesiastes 12:12

2. Make great

• Of person: 2 Samuel 22:36 = Psalm 18:36
• Enlarge border: 1 Chronicles 4:10
• Make words great (presumptuous): Job 34:37

---

II. רָבָה verb — shoot.

— Qal Participle רֹבֶה קַשָּׁ֑ת Genesis 21:20 one shooting the bow.

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Crawford H. Toy, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Proverbs (1899).

³ Samuel Rolles Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: πληθυνῶ ἐπλήθυνεν πολλὰ ἐπλήθυνασ πληθυνεῖ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7235a:

πληθυνῶ 16× (6.1%)

ἐπλήθυνεν 13× (5.5%)

πολλὰ 13× (5.6%)

ἐπλήθυνασ 8× (3.2%)

πληθυνεῖ 7× (2.8%)

πληθύνεσθε 7× (2.6%)

πολλά 7× (3.0%)

πολὺ 6× (2.3%)

πληθύνων 6× (2.4%)

ἐπληθύνθησαν 6× (2.4%)

וכן וְכֵן

and thus

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כן

kên

Definition

properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and relation; often with other particles)

Root

from H3559 (כון);

Exhaustive

from כון; properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and relation; often with other particles); [phrase] after that (this, -ward, -wards), as... as, [phrase] (for-) asmuch as yet, [phrase] be (for which) cause, [phrase] following, howbeit, in (the) like (manner, -wise), [idiom] the more, right, (even) so, state, straightway, such (thing), surely, [phrase] there (where) -fore, this, thus, true, well, [idiom] you.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3651

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֵּן

adverb • Strongs / High • Page 681

Same as כֹּה, is only met with in the compound אֵי־כֵן (which see), 2 KINGS 6, 13 K‘ri.

כֵּן

noun / adjective / particle • Root כון • Strongs / High • Page 683

A word derived from the root כּוּן, used as a noun, adjective, and particle.

כֵּן

masculine noun / substantive / adverb / particle • Root כון • Strongs / High • Page 708

Properly, standing upright, standing firm. Figuratively: upright, honest. As a substantive or adverb: right, honestly. Also a particle of comparing and confirming: so, thus, just so; of such a nature, of such kind; so much, in such number; referring to time: so long, immediately, forthwith; with confirmation power: certainly, surely, yea; limiting: however, but, yet.

כֵּן

coll. f. • Root כנן • Strongs / High • Page 711

A collective feminine noun, same as כִּנִּים (lice, gnats). The text discusses the proper vocalization based on its defective spelling.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֵּן

noun • Root כון • Page 320

II. 1. a place. Gen. 40: 13, 41: 13, Dan. 11: 20, 21, 38. 2. a frame, stand, basis. Is. 33: 23, Ex. 30: 18, 28, Lev. 8: 11, 1 K. 7: 31.

כֵּן

unknown • Page 320

III. Is. 51: 6. prob. the sing. of כִּנִּים (q.v.). Others render it 'just so, in like manner'.

כֵּן

participle / adv. • Root כון • Page 319

1. Strictly a participle from כּוּן. Metaphorically: upright, honest, sincere (Gen. 42:11, 19, 31). As an adverb: right, rightly, recte (Num. 27:7, 36:5). 2. As an adverb: (1.) thus, so (Gen. 29:26, Josh. 2:21). (2.) then, therefore (Ps. 48:6).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3651

I. כֵּן adjective — right, veritable, honest (properly firm, upright).

Cognates:

• Syriac recte¹

— כֵּן absolute Exodus 10:29 +; plural כֵּנִים Genesis 42:11, 19, 31, 33, 34.

1. Right

a. Usually indeclinable, often as substantive "a right thing"

• Exodus 10:29 (Jehovist Source) (+ כֵּן דִּבַּרְתָּ)
• Numbers 27:7 (+ כֵּן דֹּבְרֹת) (Priests' Code)
• Numbers 36:5 (Priests' Code)
• Proverbs 28:2 (the) right (i.e. order and justice)
• Judges 12:6 (adverb, aright, of pronunciation)
• Ecclesiastes 8:10 (with verb agendi)
• Psalm 65:10 (right well)

b. With לֹא, as adjective, "not right"

• 2 Kings 17:9 (+ דְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר לֹא־כֵן)
• Proverbs 15:7 (of heart of a fool)
• Jeremiah 23:10
• Jeremiah 8:6 (as substantive)
• 2 Kings 7:9 (+ לֹא־כֵן)

2. Veritable, true

• Proverbs 11:19 (+ כֵּן־צְדָקָה) true righteousness
• Isaiah 16:6 (= Jeremiah 48:30a)
• Joshua 2:4 (in assent, Right! Correct!)

3. Plural concrete, "honest" (men)

• Genesis 42:11, 19, 31, 33, 34 (Elohist Source)

I. כֵּן (approximate number of occurrences: 741) adverb — so (i.e. usually, as has been described or commanded).

Cognates:

• Phoenician כן
• Late Hebrew כן
• Targum כֵּן
• Syriac ken (then)
• Arabic أكن, لكن (but)

— כֶּן־הוּא Genesis 44:10 (4 times).

1. Uses and Phrases

a. General usage (manner, quantity, quality)

• Judges 5:31 (+ כֵּן יֹאבְדוּ)
• Numbers 13:33 (+ וְכֵן הָיִינוּ בְּעֵינֵיהֶם)
• Exodus 10:14 (twice; of quantity)
• 1 Kings 6:26, Ezekiel 41:7

b. Force elicited from context

• 1 Kings 2:7 (with kindness as enjoined)
• Psalm 63:3 (+ חֲזִיתִךָ כֵּן בַּקֹּדֶשׁ)
• Psalm 127:2 (as abundantly)

c. Particular phrases

• וַיְהִי־כֵן and it was so: Genesis 1:7, 9, 11 +
• וַיַּעַשׂ כֵּן and he did so: Genesis 29:28, Genesis 42:20 +
• אִם־כֵּן if it be so: Genesis 25:22, Genesis 43:11
• לֹא־כֵן not so: Numbers 12:7, 2 Samuel 20:21, Psalm 1:4

2. In comparison and agreement

a. כְּ... כֵּן (According to... so)

• Genesis 44:10, Joshua 2:21 (+ כְּדִבְרֵיכֶם כֶּן־הוּא)
• Psalm 103:15 (in similes)

b. כַּאֲשֶׁר... כֵּן (As... so)

• Exodus 7:6, Exodus 12:28 (Priests' Code)
• Exodus 1:12 (the more... the more)

3. With prepositions

a. אַחַר כֵּן / אַחֲרֵי כֵן

Afterwards (see אַחַר).

b. בְּכֵן

Thereupon, then (Late Hebrew): Ecclesiastes 8:10, Esther 4:16.

c. לָכֵן

Therefore (introduces divine declaration): Numbers 16:11, Amos 4:12, Isaiah 7:14 +.

d. עַל־כֵּן

Therefore (regularly assigning origin of name or custom): Genesis 2:24, Genesis 11:9, Exodus 20:11 +.

¹ R. Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus, Oxford, 1879-1901 (PS).

² Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (Kö).

Aramaic

I. כֵּן adverb thus, as follows (Biblical Hebrew כֵּן).

1. usually with verb of saying
   • וְכֵן אֲמַר לֵהּ Daniel 2:24
   • Daniel 2:25, Daniel 4:11, Daniel 6:7, Daniel 7:5, 23
   • Ezra 5:3
   • וְכֵן כְּתִיב בְּגַוַּהּ Ezra 6:2

¹ Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS).

² Répertoire d’Épigraphie Sémitique (RÉS).

Conjunction, Adverb

LXX: οὕτωσ τοῦτο ταῦτα --- ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3651c:

οὕτωσ 299× (40.5%)

τοῦτο 278× (32.8%)

ταῦτα 44× (5.0%)

--- 29× (4.0%)

'' 19× (2.2%)

τούτου 15× (1.8%)

ἕνεκεν 11× (1.5%)

οὕτω 8× (1.1%)

ὡσαύτωσ 8× (1.1%)

εἵνεκεν 6× (0.8%)

יפרץ יִפְרץ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פרץ

pârats

Definition

to break out (in many applications, direct and indirect, literal and figurative)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

lemma פרץ missing vowel, corrected to פרץ; a primitive root; to break out (in many applications, direct and indirect, literal and figurative); [idiom] abroad, (make a) breach, break (away, down, -er, forth, in, up), burst out, come (spread) abroad, compel, disperse, grow, increase, open, press, scatter, urge.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6555

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פָּרַץ

verb • Root פרץ • Strongs / High • Page 1196

1. To make a breach in a thing; to break through (a gate, a wall), to rend asunder, to scatter; to rush upon with violence and might; to break through same as to exceed beyond measure; to press strongly upon one, to urge importunately. 2. Metaphorically: to spread, to increase, to overflow, to be abundant; fig. to be known, spread abroad.

פָּרַץ

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1200

(not used) intr. to break through, to break forth, to be precipitated, of a rushing stream.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פָּרַץ

verb • Page 555

To tear or break forth (Gen. 38:29). 1. to break down (a wall). 2. to scatter (an army). 3. intrans. to spread itself or increase (Gen. 28:14). 4. to break in (Job 28:4). 5. to urge with entreaties (1 Sam. 28:23). 6. to overflow. 7. to act with violence (Hos. 4:2). Includes Niph., Pu., and Hithpa. forms.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6555

I. פָּרַץ verb — break through.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Jewish-Aramaic פְּרַץ id.
• Assyrian parâṣu¹
• Arabic فرص cut, slit, also hit

— Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular פָּרַץ 2 Samuel 5:20 +; 2 masculine singular suffix פְּרַצְתָּנוּ Psalm 60:3, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִפְרֹץ Exodus 1:12; Exodus 19:22, יִפְרָץ v 24, וַיִּפְרֹץ Genesis 30:30 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute פָּרֹץ Isaiah 5:5; construct פְּרֹץ 2 Chronicles 31:5, פְּרוֹץ Ecclesiastes 3:3; Participle active פֹּרֵץ Micah 2:13; Ecclesiastes 10:8; passive feminine singular פָּרוּצָה 2 Chronicles 32:5; Proverbs 25:28; masculine plural פְּרֻצִים Nehemiah 4:1 + הֵם פָּרוּצִים Nehemiah 2:13 Qr (> Kt המפרוצים); — break through:

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Break or burst out

• from womb Genesis 38:29 (Jehovist Source; with accusative of cognate meaning with verb)
• from enclosure Micah 2:13

b. Break through, down (from without)

• with accusative גָּדֵר Isaiah 5:5; Psalm 80:13; Psalm 89:41; Ecclesiastes 10:8
• with accusative חוֹמָה Nehemiah 3:35; 2 Chronicles 26:6, compare passive participle Nehemiah 2:13; 2 Chronicles 32:5
• with בְּחוֹמָה = make a breach in 2 Kings 14:13; 2 Chronicles 25:23
• עִיר פְּרוּצָה Proverbs 25:28
• absolute, opposed to בָּנָה Ecclesiastes 3:3; הַפֹּרֵץ Micah 2:13; הַפְּרֻצִים Nehemiah 4:1 the part broken down

c. Break into

• with accusative בֵּית י׳ 2 Chronicles 24:7

d. Break open

• a mining shaft Job 28:4

e. Break up, break in pieces

• with accusative מַעֲשֶׂיךָ 2 Chronicles 20:37 ("" וַיִּשָּׁבְרוּ אֳנִיּוֹת)

f. Break out (violently) upon

• of י׳ in sudden judgment, with accusative of person 2 Samuel 5:20 = 1 Chronicles 14:11; Psalm 60:3
• c. בְּ person Exodus 19:22, 24 (Jehovist Source), 1 Chronicles 15:13, so of plague Psalm 106:29
• of י׳, with accusative of cognate meaning with verb פֶּרֶץ + בְּ person 2 Samuel 6:8 = 1 Chronicles 13:11
• with accusative of cognate meaning with verb + suffix Job 16:14

g. Use violence

• absolute Hosea 4:2

h. Break over [limits], increase

• וַיִּפְרֹץ לָרֹב Genesis 30:30 (Jehovist Source), 1 Chronicles 4:38
• + ה locative Genesis 28:14 (Jehovist Source)
• absolute Genesis 30:43 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 1:12 (Jehovist Source; + רָבָה), Hosea 4:10; Isaiah 54:3
• פָּרַץ בָּאָרֶץ Job 1:10

i. Burst open

• intransitive, of wine-vats Proverbs 3:10 (with accusative of material תִּירוֹשׁ)

j. Spread (become known)

• of הַדָּבָר 2 Chronicles 31:5

— 1 Chronicles 13:2 is probably corrupt (conjectured נֶחֱרָצָה); פָּרַץ in 2 Chronicles 11:23 is apparently distributive (with מִן partitive) but dubious. — 1 Samuel 28:23; 2 Samuel 13:25, 27; 2 Kings 5:23 see פָּצַר.

2. Niphal

Participle אֵין חָזוֹן נִפְרָץ 1 Samuel 3:1 no vision spread abroad (i.e. general, or frequent, compare 1.j.; "" דְּבַר י׳ הָיָה יָקָר), but text dubious.

3. Pual

Participle feminine מְפֹרָצֶת Nehemiah 1:3 (of wall).

4. Hithpael

Participle plural הַמִּתְפָּרְצִים 1 Samuel 25:10 slaves who break away, each from (מִמְּנֵי) his master.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB).

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: διέκοψεν καθεῖλεσ διακοπὴ κατέσπασεν ἐβιάσατο

LXX Usage Statistics

H6555:

διέκοψεν 3× (6.2%)

καθεῖλεσ 3× (5.9%)

διακοπὴ 2× (4.1%)

κατέσπασεν 2× (3.5%)

ἐβιάσατο 2× (3.5%)

ηὐξήθη 2× (3.5%)

ויקצו וַיָּקֻ֕צוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

קוץ

qûwts

Definition

to be (causatively, make) disgusted or anxious

Root

a primitive root (identical with through the idea of severing oneself from (compare H6962 (קוט)));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (identical with through the idea of severing oneself from (compare קוט)); to be (causatively, make) disgusted or anxious; abhor, be distressed, be grieved, loathe, vex, be weary.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6973

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קוּץ

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1266

intransitive; to feel loathing, to have a disgust of; or to throw away hope, or destroy (depending on context).

קוּץ

aram. verb tr. (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 1266

(Aramaic, not used) transitive; same as Hebrew קוּץ II. to cut off, to pluck fruit; to reap.

קוּץ

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1269

(unused, tr.) to pierce, to engrave, to cut, to bore into, cognate in sense with קצה.

קוּץ

verb • Root קוץ • Strongs / High • Page 1270

To feel loathing, to have disgust (with ב), to stand off from, to turn away from, to feel a horror of (with מִפְּנֵי).

קוּץ

verb • Root יקץ • Strongs / High • Page 1270

1. To stir, to move, to be restless, hence to awake. 2. To be living, of thorns, bushes, grasses, i. e. to continue to grow exuberant.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קוּץ

verb • Page 584

I. 1. to loathe, abhor; construed with...

קוּץ

verb • Root יקץ • Page 585

II. found only in Hiph. הֵקִיץ intrans. to awake, i.q. יָקַץ. Ps. 3:6, 73:20; Applied to the awaking from the sleep of death, Job 14:12, Dan. 12:2.

קוּץ

verb • Root קיץ • Page 585

III. Is. 18:6. prob. denom. from קַיִץ, hence to summer, to pass the summer.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6973

I. [קוּץ] verb — feel a loathing, abhorrence, sickening dread (parallel to root of קוט; Targum קוּץ idem; for connection of meanings compare Aramaic קְנַט loathe, fear).

Cognates:

• Targum קוּץ
• Aramaic קְנַט
• Related to root קוט

— Qal Perfect 3 feminine singular קָ֫צָה Numbers 21:5; 1 singular קַ֫צְתִּי Genesis 27:46; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיָּ֫קָץ Numbers 22:3, 1 Kings 11:25 (but see below); 2 masculine singular jussive תָּקֹץ Proverbs 3:11; 1 singular וָאָקֻץ Leviticus 20:23; 3 masculine plural וַיָּקֻצוּ Exodus 1:12; Participle קָץ Isaiah 7:16.

1. Qal Meanings and Uses

a. feel a loathing at, abhor

• with ב of thing: Numbers 21:5 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); Genesis 27:46 (Priests' Code); Proverbs 3:11 (+ מָאַס)
• with ב person: Leviticus 20:23 (Holiness Code; subject Yahweh); so 1 Kings 11:25, but Kittel¹ (after Syriac, compare Septuagint) proposes וַ֫יָּצֶק (from root צוק Hiphil distress)

b. feel a sickening dread

• with מִמְּנֵי person: Exodus 1:12 (Jehovist Source); Numbers 22:3 (Elohist Source); Isaiah 7:16

2. Hiphil

Hiphil Imperfect 1 plural with suffix נְקִיצֶנָּה Isaiah 7:6 (suffix of Judah) let us cause her sickening dread, but weak, read נְצִיקֶנָּה (root צוק) per Thesaurus², Cheyne, Duhm, Graetz, Marti. — Other Hiphil forms see קיץ.

II. קוץ (root of following; compare perhaps Late Hebrew, Targum קוּץ cut off; Late Hebrew קוֹץ = Biblical Hebrew).

¹ Rudolf Kittel, Biblia Hebraica.

² Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae hebraeae et chaldaeae.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: προσώχθισεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H6973:

προσώχθισεν 2× (20.7%)

מפני מִפְּנֵי

from the faces

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

פנים

pânîym

Definition

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)

Root

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from H6437 (פנה));

Exhaustive

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from פנה); the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.); [phrase] accept, a-(be-) fore(-time), against, anger, [idiom] as (long as), at, [phrase] battle, [phrase] because (of), [phrase] beseech, countenance, edge, [phrase] employ, endure, [phrase] enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, [idiom] him(-self), [phrase] honourable, [phrase] impudent, [phrase] in, it, look(-eth) (-s), [idiom] me, [phrase] meet, [idiom] more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), [idiom] on, open, [phrase] out of, over against, the partial, person, [phrase] please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, [phrase] regard, right forth, [phrase] serve, [idiom] shewbread, sight, state, straight, [phrase] street, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them(-selves), through ([phrase] -out), till, time(-s) past, (un-) to(-ward), [phrase] upon, upside ([phrase] down), with(-in, [phrase] -stand), [idiom] ye, [idiom] you.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6440

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פָּנִים

m. pl. • Root פנה • Strongs / High • Page 1177

Properly the visible, external side. 1. The upper surface, superficies (of earth, water, covering); outside, aspect. 2. The face (the visible part, often as a collective idea).

פָּנִים

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1178

Face, countenances, presence, visibility. Used idiomatically for proximity (without delay), the front (of a thing), direction, look, mien (serenity, sadness); also used reflexively for the personal pronoun ('I myself').

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פָּנִים

noun masculine plural • Page 546

1. A face, countenance (Ezek. 1:6, Gen. 32:31). 2. Appearance, looks (1 Sam. 1:18, Job 9:27). 3. Surface, facies, superficies (Gen. 2:6, Is. 14:21, Job 38:30). 4. The front or forepart, as in an army (Joel 2:20, Ezek. 2:10, Deut. 2:10). 5. Equivalent to פֶּה a mouth or edge (Ecc. 10:10). 6. A person, personal presence (Ex. 33:14, 2 Sam. 17:11, Lam. 4:16). 7. Combined with prepositions, especially לִפְנֵי (before, in space or time, east of, or against).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6440

I. מָּנֶה (approximate number of occurrences: 2123) noun masculine¹ and feminine — face, also faces (as turned toward one).

— plural absolute מָּנִים Genesis 32:31 +; construct מְּנֵי 2 Samuel 14:32 +; suffix 1 singular מָּנַי Genesis 43:3 +; 3 masculine singular מָּנָיו Genesis 4:5 +, מָּנֵי֑מוֺ Psalm 11:7 (König²); 2 masculine plural מְּנֵיכֶם Genesis 40:7 +, etc.; — usually with verb plural, Genesis 4:5, 6; Exodus 33:14 +; with verb singular Lamentations 4:16 (through influence of intervening י׳, GKC³ § 146a).

1. Face, faces

a. Literally, of man

• Genesis 43:31; 2 Samuel 19:5; 1 Kings 19:13; Leviticus 13:14; Daniel 8:18; Daniel 10:9, 15 +
• Pale (from alarm) Isaiah 29:22; flushed Isaiah 13:8; tearful Isaiah 25:8
• Sad רעים פ׳ Genesis 40:7; רֹעַ פ׳ Ecclesiastes 7:8
• Fallen (in displeasure) נָָֽפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ Genesis 4:5, 6

b. Of God

• Exodus 33:20, compare Exodus 33:23

c. Face to face (seeing God)

• מָּנִים אֶל־מָּֿנִים Genesis 32:31; Judges 6:22
• בְּפ׳ פ׳ Deuteronomy 5:4; נִתְרֶאֶה פָנִים (meet in battle) 2 Kings 14:8, 11

d. Relations with God

• הֵרִים פ׳ (in worship) Ezra 9:6
• Spiritual sense Jeremiah 2:27; מָּנָה אֵלַי עֹרֶף וְלֹא פָנִים Jeremiah 32:33
• קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ezekiel 2:4

2. Presence, person

a. Of God

• Exodus 33:14, 15; בְּפָנָיו Deuteronomy 4:37; מַלְאַךְ מָּנָיו Isaiah 63:9
• לֶחֶם הַמָּנִים (showbread)

b. Appear before, in one’s presence

• King: Exodus 10:28–29 (Jehovist Source); 2 Samuel 14:24, 28, 32
• God: Job 33:26; Psalm 11:7; Psalm 17:15

3. Celestial and animal faces

• Seraphim Isaiah 6:2; Cherubim Exodus 25:20; Ezekiel 1:8, 11
• Animals: מְּנֵי הַצּאֹן Genesis 30:40; Ezekiel 1:10; מִּתְחֵי פ׳ (of crocodile) Job 41:6

4. Surface or Front

• Of ground (הָאֲדָמָה) Genesis 2:6; Genesis 4:14; Psalm 104:30
• Of earth (הָאָרֶץ) Genesis 1:29; Genesis 7:3; Genesis 11:4
• Of water Genesis 1:2; Genesis 7:18
• Of house / gate Ezekiel 41:14; Ezekiel 47:1; Ezekiel 40:6
• Battle-front מְּנֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה 2 Samuel 10:9
• Edge (front) of sword Ezekiel 21:21; of axe Ecclesiastes 10:10

5. Adverbial uses

• Location: מִמָּנִים וּמֵאָחוֺר (before and behind) 2 Samuel 10:9
• Temporal: לְפָנִים (formerly) Deuteronomy 2:12; Joshua 11:10; Judges 1:10
• From beforetime מִלְּפָנִים Isaiah 41:26

6. With Prepositions

1. אֶל־מְּנֵי
   • To the presence of Exodus 23:17; 2 Chronicles 19:2
   • To the front of Leviticus 6:7; Numbers 17:8
   • On to the surface of Leviticus 14:53; Ezekiel 16:5
2. אֶת־מְּנֵי
   • Presence of 1 Samuel 2:11; 1 Kings 12:6
   • Specifically of God Genesis 19:13; Exodus 34:23–24
   • In front of Genesis 33:18; Leviticus 4:6
3. בִּפְנֵי
   • In the face of (hostile) Numbers 12:14; Deuteronomy 7:24; Joshua 10:8
   • Against (evidence) Hosea 5:5; Job 16:8
4. לִפְנֵי (The most general word for before)
   • Under the eye of Deuteronomy 25:2; 1 Samuel 3:1
   • In view of Genesis 6:13; Lamentations 1:22
   • At disposal of Genesis 13:9; Genesis 47:6
   • In estimation of Genesis 7:1; Proverbs 14:12
   • Of time Amos 1:1; Genesis 29:26
5. מִלִּפְנֵי
   • From the presence of Genesis 41:46; Genesis 4:6
   • Source or cause (chiefly late) 1 Samuel 18:12; Ecclesiastes 3:14
6. מִמְּנֵי
   • Because of, for fear of Judges 9:21; 1 Samuel 23:26; Genesis 3:8
   • At the presence of Exodus 9:30; Psalm 68:3
7. עַל־מְּנֵי
   • In front of Psalm 18:43; Genesis 32:22
   • To one's face (defiantly) Job 1:11; Job 6:28
   • Localities (East of) 1 Kings 11:7; Genesis 16:12
   • Surface Genesis 1:2; Exodus 16:14
8. מֵעַל־מְּנֵי
   • From before the face of Genesis 23:3; 1 Kings 9:7
   • From off the surface of Genesis 4:14; Amos 9:8

¹ Proverbs 25:23.

² Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

⁴ Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae hebraeae et chaldaeae Veteris Testamenti (1829-1858).

Prep-M, Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: προσώπου πρόσωπον ἐναντίον ἐνώπιον ἔναντι

LXX Usage Statistics

H6440:

προσώπου 450× (19.3%)

πρόσωπον 321× (14.0%)

ἐναντίον 190× (9.5%)

ἐνώπιον 176× (8.9%)

ἔναντι 157× (7.9%)

πρόσωπόν 105× (4.6%)

ἔμπροσθεν 82× (4.0%)

ἐνώπιόν 48× (2.4%)

--- 45× (2.3%)

'' 43× (1.8%)

בני בְּנֵי

sons/my son

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1121

I. בֵּן (approximate number of occurrences: 4870) noun masculine — son.

Cognates:

• Phoenician בן
• Sabean בני
• Arabic ٱבْن
• Assyrian binu
• Aramaic בַּר (plural בְּנִין)
• Possibly connected with בנה (build), compare Assyrian bânu (begetter).

— בֵּן absolute Genesis 4:25 +; בֵּןֿ Ezekiel 18:10; construct בֵּן Genesis 49:22; בֶּןֿ Genesis 5:32 +; suffix בְּנוֹ Numbers 23:18; בְּנִי Genesis 49:11; בִּן Deuteronomy 25:2 (32 times); plural בָּנִים Genesis 3:16 +; construct בְּנֵי Genesis 6:2 +; suffix בָּנַי Genesis 31:43 + etc.

1. Son, male child

Born of a woman Genesis 4:25; Genesis 16:11; Isaiah 49:15; begotten by a man Genesis 5:4; often contrasted with בַּת (daughter) Genesis 5:4; Exodus 20:10; Job 1:2.

a. Brother

בֶּן־אִמּוֹ son of his mother, i.e. uterine brother:

• Genesis 43:29
• Judges 8:19
• Psalm 50:20

b. Cousins

• Numbers 36:11 (בְּנֵי דֹדֵיהֶן)

c. As a term of endearment or relation to God

Used of kindliness by Eli to Samuel 1 Samuel 3:6, 16. Expressing intimate relation with God:

• Exodus 4:22 (Israel as בְּנִי בְכֹרִי)
• Hosea 11:1
• Deuteronomy 14:1
• 2 Samuel 7:14 (of Davidic king)

d. Of supernatural beings

• Genesis 6:2, 4 (בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים)
• Job 1:6; Job 38:7

e. Grandson and descendants

• Exodus 10:2 (בֶּן־בִּנְךָ)
• Genesis 29:5 (Laban son [grandson] of Nahor)
• Ruth 4:17 (of Naomi)

f. With personal names or attributes

• Numbers 14:30 (כָּלֵב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּה)
• 1 Samuel 20:27 (בֶּן־יִשַׁי often with contempt)
• Ecclesiastes 10:17 (בֶּן־חוֹרִים son of nobles)

g. Plural to denote membership in a nation or family

• Exodus 1:7 (613 times בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל)
• Genesis 19:38 (בְּנֵי־עַמּוֹן)
• Exodus 32:26 (בְּנֵי לֵוִי)

2. Children (male and female)

• Genesis 3:16
• Exodus 21:5
• Joshua 17:2 (+ זְכָרִים for male children)

3. Youth, young men

• Proverbs 7:7
• Song of Songs 2:3

4. The young of animals

• Leviticus 22:28
• 1 Samuel 6:7
• Job 39:4

5. Of plant-shoots

• Genesis 49:22 (בֵּן פֹּרָת)
• Psalm 80:16

6. Figurative of lifeless things

• Job 5:7 (בְּנֵי רֶשֶׁף sparks)
• Job 41:20 (בֶּן־קָשֶׁת arrows)
• Isaiah 21:10 (בֶּן־גָּרְנִי corn of threshing-floor)

7. Member of a guild, order, or class

• 1 Kings 20:35 (בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים prophetic order)
• Ezra 4:1 (בְּנֵי הַגּוֹלָה exiles)
• Genesis 17:12 (בֶּן־נֵכָר foreigner)
• Exodus 29:1 (בֶּן־בָּקָר one of the herd)

8. As relative noun of quality

• 1 Samuel 14:52 (בֶּן־חַיִל mighty man)
• 2 Samuel 12:5 (בֶּן־מָוֶת worthy of death)
• Numbers 17:25 (בְּנֵי מֶרִי rebels)

9. Noun relative of age

• Genesis 5:32 (בֶּן־חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה five hundred years old)
• Exodus 30:14 (מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמָעְלָה from twenty years old and upward)
• Exodus 12:5 (בֶּן־שָׁנָה a year old)

¹ Bernhard Stade, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879), § 183.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament (1886).

³ Jakob Barth, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG), 1887, 638 ff.

⁴ Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889), 75.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

ישראל יִשְׂרָאֵל׃

God-Contends

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ישראל

Yisrâʼêl

Definition

Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Root

from H8280 (שרה) and H410 (אל); he will rule as God;

Exhaustive

from שרה and אל; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity; Israel.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3478

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יִשְׂרָאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root שרה • Strongs / High • Page 662

A proper name with multiple meanings: the patriarch Jacob; the Israelite people; an honorary title for the pious; the northern kingdom of Israel; the whole kingdom after the exile.

יִשְׂרָאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root ישר • Strongs / High • Page 662

A proper name, meaning 'El is a true, honest one.' Described as a ground-form to יְשַׂרְאֵלָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3478

I. יִשְׂרָאֵל (approximate number of occurrences: 2507) proper name masculine and of a people — Israel (El persisteth, persevereth (or jussive Let El persist) [usually contendeth¹ or Let El contend², but see Dr³]; on vocalization see Lag⁴, Kit⁵; see derivatives under I. שׂרה).

Comparative:

• Moabite ישראל (MI⁶)
• Egyptian Y-si-r-’l⁷
• Assyrian Sir-’-lai (= יִשְׂרְאֵלִי)⁸
• Greek Ισραηλ

— On a possible relation to proper name שָׂרַי, שָׂרָה see RS⁹; compare שְׂרָיָה, שְׂרָיָהוּ.

1. Proper name, masculine

Second name of Jacob:

• Genesis 32:29 (28 times Genesis, Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Exodus 32:13 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Hosea 12:13
• Judges 18:29
• Exodus 6:14; Numbers 1:20; Numbers 26:5 (all Priests' Code)
• 2 Kings 17:34
• 1 Chronicles 1:34 (8 times Chronicles)
• Psalm 105:23
• בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל Ruth 4:11
• בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל (literal) Genesis 42:5 (3 times Elohist Source, 2 times Priests' Code) + Exodus 1:7 (Priests' Code; transition to wider use)
• 1 Kings 18:31; 1 Chronicles 2:1 +
• = 12 tribes Exodus 28:9 (7 times Priests' Code)
• אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם יִצְחָק וְיִשְׂרָאֵל 1 Kings 18:36; 1 Chronicles 29:18; 2 Chronicles 30:6

2. Proper name, of a people

(usually masculine Judges 11:17 f. but feminine 1 Samuel 17:21; 2 Samuel 24:9). Name of Hebrew nation; usually derived from 1, but יִשְׂרָאֵל more common in early usage than בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל:

a. Israel

• (1) undivided kingdom; יִשְׂרָאֵל Genesis 47:27 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 49:7 (poem in Jehovist Source) + 108 times Jehovist-Elohist Source, Deuteronomy 1:1; Deuteronomy 18:6; Deuteronomy 33:10 (poem) + 76 times Deuteronomic Source, Genesis 34:7; Exodus 12:15 (42 times Priests' Code); Judges 5:2, 7 (twice) + 104 times Judges; often 1 and 2 Samuel; 1 Kings 1–12; כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל of whole people 2 Samuel 8:15 +, of whole army 2 Samuel 11:1 +, opposed to Judah 2 Samuel 2:9 +.
• (2) יִשְׂרָאֵל = Northern tribes, distinguished from Judah, even before disruption, 2 Samuel 2:9, compare 2:10; 3:10; 4:1; 5:5; 12:7; 20:1; 1 Kings 1:35; 4:20; 5:5 +; so at disruption 1 Kings 12:16 (3 times), 12:18, 19; then usually of Northern kingdom, till its fall, 1 Kings 12:28; 14:7; 10 + very often Kings, Amos 1:1; 2:6; 3:14 +, Hosea 1:5; 4:15 (twice); 5:3 (twice); 5:5 +, Micah 1:13, etc.
• (3) יִשְׂרָאֵל of Southern kingdom, Judah, rarely before fall of Samaria Isaiah 1:3; 8:18; Micah 1:14, 15, so בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל 1 Kings 12:17; after fall of Samaria, יִשְׂרָאֵל (less often בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל) occurs of entire people, in reference to past or future 2 Kings 21:8; 23:22; Isaiah 17:9; Psalm 103:7; Jeremiah 2:3; 50:17, 19 +; יִשְׂרָאֵל also = Judah Jeremiah 2:14, 31; 4:1 +, Ezekiel 13:2, 4, 16; 14:1, 7, 9 +, Isaiah 40:27; 41:8; 42:24 +, Ezra 2:59 = Nehemiah 7:61; Ezra 2:70; Ezra 3:11 +, Nehemiah 10:34; 10:3 +, Psalm 14:7 (twice) = Psalm 53:7 (twice), Psalm 147:2; Psalm 149:2 +, etc.
• (4) usage in Chronicles: יִשְׂרָאֵל of whole people 1 Chronicles 2:7 (110 times), of Northern kingdom 2 Chronicles 11:1 (16 times), of Judah 2 Chronicles 12:6; 19:8 (9 times).
• (5) יִשְׂרָאֵל personified as עֶבֶד יהוה, Isaiah 44:1, 21; Isaiah 49:3.

b. בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל

• (1) of undivided people Exodus 1:12 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 3:9 (Elohist Source) + 72 times Jehovist-Elohist Source, Deuteronomy 3:18; Deuteronomy 10:6 (25 times Deuteronomic Source), Genesis 32:33 (327 times Priests' Code); Judges 1:1 (60 times Judges); seldom 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 Kings 1–12; in 1 Kings 13–2 Kings 25 passive in reference to older history (rarely otherwise).
• (2) seldom of Northern kingdom Amos 2:11 (9 times Amos, Hosea); 2 Chronicles 13:12 (7 times Chronicles).
• (3) of Judah (late) Ezekiel 2:3; Nehemiah 1:6 (twice); Ezra 3:1; Joel 4:16 +, 2 Chronicles 31:5.

c. בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל

• Exodus 16:31; Exodus 40:38 (142 times); 81 times Ezekiel, where = Judah (see especially Exodus 37:16); שְׁנֵי בָֽתֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל Isaiah 8:14.

d. Other phrases

See sub אִישׁ, אֶרֶץ, בַּת, בְּתוּלָה, גְּבוּל, הַר, כִּסֵּא, מֶלֶךְ, מַטֶּה, עֵדָה, עַם, שֵׁבֶט; also (in epithet of יהוה) below אָבִיר, אוֺר, אֱלֹחִים, גָּוֺאל, מֶלֶךְ, מִקְוֶה, צוּר, קָדוֺשׁ, רָעָה.

e. The laity

Opposed to priests, etc. (late):

• Ezra 10:25; Nehemiah 11:3; 1 Chronicles 9:2
• כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 2:70; Ezra 10:5
• הָעָם יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 9:1
• בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Nehemiah 10:40, compare שְׁאָר יִשְׂרָאֵל Nehemiah 11:20

---

Aramaic

I. יִשְׂרָאֵל proper name of a people Israel (Biblical Hebrew id., √ שָׂרָה).

• אֱלַהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:14; Ezra 7:15
• מֶלֶךְ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 5:11
• בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 6:16
• עַמָּא יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 7:13

¹ Eberhard Nestle, *Die israelitischen Eigennamen* (1876), 60 ff.

² G. B. Gray, *Studies in Hebrew Proper Names* (1896), 218.

³ S. R. Driver in Hastings' *Dictionary of the Bible*, article "Jacob," 530.

⁴ Paul de Lagarde, *Uebersicht über die Bildung der Nomina* (1889), 131 f.

⁵ Rudolf Kittel, *The Books of the Chronicles* (1895), on 1 Chronicles 4:16.

⁶ Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone), line 5.

⁷ Georg Steindorff, *Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft* xvi (1896), 331.

⁸ Eberhard Schrader, *Keilinschriften und Geschichtsforschung*, 356 ff.

⁹ W. Robertson Smith, *Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia*, 257 (2nd ed. 34).

Noun proper name

LXX: ισραηλ '' --- ιακωβ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3478:

ισραηλ 2245× (92.9%)

'' 57× (2.1%)

--- 50× (2.2%)

ισραηλ 8× (0.3%)

ιακωβ 4× (0.2%)

t? 4× (0.1%)

ιερουσαλημ 4× (0.2%)

[b] 3× (0.1%)

ισραηλίτου 3× (0.1%)

ισραηλίτιδοσ 3× (0.1%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And as they will afflict them, so they will multiply and will increase. And they will feel disgust from the face of the sons of Israel.

LITV Translation:
And as much as they afflicted them, so much they multiplied and so much they spread. And they were afraid before the sons of Israel.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
But as they humbled them, by so much they multiplied, and grew exceedingly strong; and the Egyptians greatly abhorred the children of Israel.