Chapter 1
Isaiah 1:21
איכה
אֵיכָה
How?
349b
איך
ʼêyk
Definition: how? or how!; also where
Root: also איכה ; and איככה ; prolonged from H335 (אי);
Exhaustive: also איכה ; and איככה ; prolonged from אי; how? or how!; also where; how, what.
ʼêyk
Definition: how? or how!; also where
Root: also איכה ; and איככה ; prolonged from H335 (אי);
Exhaustive: also איכה ; and איככה ; prolonged from אי; how? or how!; also where; how, what.
Particle interrogative
היתה
הָיְתָה
she has become
1961
היה
hâyâh
Definition: to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
Root: a primitive root (compare H1933 (הוא));
Exhaustive: a primitive root (compare הוא); to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary); beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use.
hâyâh
Definition: to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
Root: a primitive root (compare H1933 (הוא));
Exhaustive: a primitive root (compare הוא); to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary); beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use.
Verb Qal perfect third person feminine singular
לזונה
לְזוֹנָה
for a harlot
2181
| זנה
zânâh
Definition: to commit adultery (usually of the female, and less often of simple fornication, rarely of involuntary ravishment); figuratively, to commit idolatry (the Jewish people being regarded as the spouse of Jehovah)
Root: a primitive root (highly-fed and therefore wanton);
Exhaustive: a primitive root (highly-fed and therefore wanton); to commit adultery (usually of the female, and less often of simple fornication, rarely of involuntary ravishment); figuratively, to commit idolatry (the Jewish people being regarded as the spouse of Jehovah); (cause to) commit fornication, [idiom] continually, [idiom] great, (be an, play the) harlot, (cause to be, play the) whore, (commit, fall to) whoredom, (cause to) go a-whoring, whorish.
zânâh
Definition: to commit adultery (usually of the female, and less often of simple fornication, rarely of involuntary ravishment); figuratively, to commit idolatry (the Jewish people being regarded as the spouse of Jehovah)
Root: a primitive root (highly-fed and therefore wanton);
Exhaustive: a primitive root (highly-fed and therefore wanton); to commit adultery (usually of the female, and less often of simple fornication, rarely of involuntary ravishment); figuratively, to commit idolatry (the Jewish people being regarded as the spouse of Jehovah); (cause to) commit fornication, [idiom] continually, [idiom] great, (be an, play the) harlot, (cause to be, play the) whore, (commit, fall to) whoredom, (cause to) go a-whoring, whorish.
9005
ל
None
Definition: to, for
Root: None
Exhaustive: None
None
Definition: to, for
Root: None
Exhaustive: None
Preposition, Verb Qal participle active feminine singular absolute
קריה
קִרְיָה
meeting-city
7151
קריה
qiryâh
Definition: building; a city
Root: from H7136 (קרה) in the sense of flooring, i.e.
Exhaustive: from קרה in the sense of flooring, i.e.; building; a city; city.
qiryâh
Definition: building; a city
Root: from H7136 (קרה) in the sense of flooring, i.e.
Exhaustive: from קרה in the sense of flooring, i.e.; building; a city; city.
Noun common feminine singular absolute
נאמנה
נֶאֱמָנָה
she was faithful/supportive
539
אמן
ʼâman
Definition: properly, to build up or support; to foster as a parent or nurse; figuratively to render (or be) firm or faithful, to trust or believe, to be permanent or quiet; morally to be true or certain;
Root: a primitive root; (Isaiah 30:21; interchangeable with H541 (אמן), to go to the right hand)
Exhaustive: a primitive root; (Isaiah 30:21; interchangeable with אמן, to go to the right hand); properly, to build up or support; to foster as a parent or nurse; figuratively to render (or be) firm or faithful, to trust or believe, to be permanent or quiet; morally to be true or certain; hence, assurance, believe, bring up, establish, [phrase] fail, be faithful (of long continuance, stedfast, sure, surely, trusty, verified), nurse, (-ing father), (put), trust, turn to the right.
ʼâman
Definition: properly, to build up or support; to foster as a parent or nurse; figuratively to render (or be) firm or faithful, to trust or believe, to be permanent or quiet; morally to be true or certain;
Root: a primitive root; (Isaiah 30:21; interchangeable with H541 (אמן), to go to the right hand)
Exhaustive: a primitive root; (Isaiah 30:21; interchangeable with אמן, to go to the right hand); properly, to build up or support; to foster as a parent or nurse; figuratively to render (or be) firm or faithful, to trust or believe, to be permanent or quiet; morally to be true or certain; hence, assurance, believe, bring up, establish, [phrase] fail, be faithful (of long continuance, stedfast, sure, surely, trusty, verified), nurse, (-ing father), (put), trust, turn to the right.
Verb Niphal participle active feminine singular absolute
מלאתי
מְלֵאֲתִי
I have filled
4392
מלא
mâlêʼ
Definition: full (literally or figuratively) or filling (literally); also (concretely) fulness; adverbially, fully
Root: from H4390 (מלא);
Exhaustive: from מלא; full (literally or figuratively) or filling (literally); also (concretely) fulness; adverbially, fully; [idiom] she that was with child, fill(-ed, -ed with), full(-ly), multitude, as is worth.
mâlêʼ
Definition: full (literally or figuratively) or filling (literally); also (concretely) fulness; adverbially, fully
Root: from H4390 (מלא);
Exhaustive: from מלא; full (literally or figuratively) or filling (literally); also (concretely) fulness; adverbially, fully; [idiom] she that was with child, fill(-ed, -ed with), full(-ly), multitude, as is worth.
Adjective adjective feminine singular construct
משפט
מִשְׁפָּ֗ט
judgement
4941
משפט
mishpâṭ
Definition: properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style
Root: from H8199 (שפט);
Exhaustive: from שפט; properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style; [phrase] adversary, ceremony, charge, [idiom] crime, custom, desert, determination, discretion, disposing, due, fashion, form, to be judged, judgment, just(-ice, -ly), (manner of) law(-ful), manner, measure, (due) order, ordinance, right, sentence, usest, [idiom] worthy, [phrase] wrong.
mishpâṭ
Definition: properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style
Root: from H8199 (שפט);
Exhaustive: from שפט; properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style; [phrase] adversary, ceremony, charge, [idiom] crime, custom, desert, determination, discretion, disposing, due, fashion, form, to be judged, judgment, just(-ice, -ly), (manner of) law(-ful), manner, measure, (due) order, ordinance, right, sentence, usest, [idiom] worthy, [phrase] wrong.
Noun common both singular absolute
צדק
צֶדֶק
just-one
6664
צדק
tsedeq
Definition: the right (natural, moral or legal); also (abstractly) equity or (figuratively) prosperity
Root: from H6663 (צדק);
Exhaustive: from צדק; the right (natural, moral or legal); also (abstractly) equity or (figuratively) prosperity; [idiom] even, ([idiom] that which is altogether) just(-ice), (un-)right(-eous) (cause, -ly, -ness).
tsedeq
Definition: the right (natural, moral or legal); also (abstractly) equity or (figuratively) prosperity
Root: from H6663 (צדק);
Exhaustive: from צדק; the right (natural, moral or legal); also (abstractly) equity or (figuratively) prosperity; [idiom] even, ([idiom] that which is altogether) just(-ice), (un-)right(-eous) (cause, -ly, -ness).
Noun common both singular absolute
ילין
יָלִין
he is lodging the night
3885a
לון
lûwn
Definition: to stop (usually over night); by implication, to stay permanently; hence (in a bad sense) to be obstinate (especially in words, to complain)
Root: or לין; a primitive root;
Exhaustive: or לין; a primitive root; to stop (usually over night); by implication, to stay permanently; hence (in a bad sense) to be obstinate (especially in words, to complain); abide (all night), continue, dwell, endure, grudge, be left, lie all night, (cause to) lodge (all night, in, -ing, this night), (make to) murmur, remain, tarry (all night, that night).
lûwn
Definition: to stop (usually over night); by implication, to stay permanently; hence (in a bad sense) to be obstinate (especially in words, to complain)
Root: or לין; a primitive root;
Exhaustive: or לין; a primitive root; to stop (usually over night); by implication, to stay permanently; hence (in a bad sense) to be obstinate (especially in words, to complain); abide (all night), continue, dwell, endure, grudge, be left, lie all night, (cause to) lodge (all night, in, -ing, this night), (make to) murmur, remain, tarry (all night, that night).
Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular
בה
בָּהּ
within herself
9034
| ה
None
Definition: her, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person feminine singular
Root: None
Exhaustive: Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular
None
Definition: her, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person feminine singular
Root: None
Exhaustive: Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular
9003
ב
None
Definition: in, by
Root: None
Exhaustive: in, at, against, on, among, with; according to, by, because of. prefix or inseparable preposition; combined with the definite article
None
Definition: in, by
Root: None
Exhaustive: in, at, against, on, among, with; according to, by, because of. prefix or inseparable preposition; combined with the definite article
Preposition, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular
ועתה
וְעַתָּה
and
6258
| עתה
ʻattâh
Definition: at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive
Root: from H6256 (עת);
Exhaustive: from עת; at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive; henceforth, now, straightway, this time, whereas.
ʻattâh
Definition: at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive
Root: from H6256 (עת);
Exhaustive: from עת; at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive; henceforth, now, straightway, this time, whereas.
9002
ו
None
Definition: and
Root: None
Exhaustive: Conjunctive vav - i.e. followed by prefix, suffix or non-verb (conjunctive) (‘and/but’)
None
Definition: and
Root: None
Exhaustive: Conjunctive vav - i.e. followed by prefix, suffix or non-verb (conjunctive) (‘and/but’)
Conjunction, Adverb
מרצחים
מְרַצְּחִים׃
manslayers
9016
None
Definition: verseEnd
Root: None
Exhaustive: None
| None
Definition: verseEnd
Root: None
Exhaustive: None
7523
רצח
râtsach
Definition: properly, to dash in pieces, i.e. kill (a human being), especially to murder
Root: a primitive root;
Exhaustive: a primitive root; properly, to dash in pieces, i.e. kill (a human being), especially to murder; put to death, kill, (man-) slay(-er), murder(-er).
râtsach
Definition: properly, to dash in pieces, i.e. kill (a human being), especially to murder
Root: a primitive root;
Exhaustive: a primitive root; properly, to dash in pieces, i.e. kill (a human being), especially to murder; put to death, kill, (man-) slay(-er), murder(-er).
Verb Piel participle active masculine plural absolute
RBT Translation:
where are you? she has become for a harlot meeting-city she was faithful I have filled judgement just-one he is lodging the night within herself and manslayers
RBT Paraphrase:
Where are you? She has become a prostitute! The meeting-city4 was faithful/supportive,5 I have become full of judgement; a just one lodged the night within her, but , manslayers!
Where are you? She has become a prostitute! The meeting-city4 was faithful/supportive,5 I have become full of judgement; a just one lodged the night within her, but , manslayers!
Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
How was the faithful city for a harlot! I filled with judgment; justice will lodge in her; and now they are killing.
How was the faithful city for a harlot! I filled with judgment; justice will lodge in her; and now they are killing.
LITV Translation:
Oh how the faithful city has become a harlot! She was full of justice; righteousness lodged in it. But now, murderers!
Oh how the faithful city has become a harlot! She was full of justice; righteousness lodged in it. But now, murderers!
Brenton Septuagint Translation:
How has the faithful city Zion, once full of judgment, become a harlot! wherein righteousness lodged, but now murderers.
How has the faithful city Zion, once full of judgment, become a harlot! wherein righteousness lodged, but now murderers.
Footnotes
| Isa. 1:21 | Isa. 1:21 Strongs #7151 קריה meeting place/city. It comes from the root קרה (karah), which means "to meet" or "to encounter." While קריה primarily means "city," it can also carry the connotation of a place where people come together or meet. Additionally, קריה can also refer to a "meeting" or "gathering" in certain contexts. |
| Isa. 1:21 | Isa. 1:21 Strongs #539 נאמנה (namanah) אמן means "to support/confirm" in Hebrew, particularly in the sense of providing assistance, encouragement, or backing. This Niphal form is the passive form, נאמנה and should be translated as "she was being supported" rather than "she supported" or "was faithful." |