Zephaniah 2:3

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

בקשו בַּקְּשׁוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בקש

bâqash

Definition

to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after; ask, beg, beseech, desire, enquire, get, make inquisition, procure, (make) request, require, seek (for).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1245

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קַשׁ

noun masculine • Root קשש • Consonantal / Low • Page 1302

Dry straw, stubble, chaff; a figure of the worthless and contemptible.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בָּקַשׁ

verb • Page 112

1. to seek, quaero. Gen. 37:15, 16. 1 Sam. 10:14. to seek after, inquire into, Job 10:6. Construed with an infin. with and without ל, Ex. 2:15. 4:24. 1 Sam. 19:2. Jer. 26:21.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1245

I. בָּקַשׁ (approximate number of occurrences: 224) verb — seek.

Cognates:

• Phoenician בקש

— Pi`el Perfect בִּקֵּשׁ Deuteronomy 13:11 (15 times); בִּקְשָׁה Ecclesiastes 7:28, Esther 2:15; suffix בִּקְשָׁתַם Hosea 2:9; בִּקַּשְׁתִּיו Songs 3:1, 2; compare Songs 5:6; בִּקְשׁוּ Ezra 2:62 (12 times); suffix בִּקְשֻׁנִי Isaiah 65:1 (2 times); Imperfect יְבַקֵשׁ Joshua 22:23 (37 times); יְבַקֶּשֿׁ Proverbs 15:14 (2 times); אֲבַקְשָׁה Psalm 122:9 (3 times); suffix יְבַקְשֵׁהוּ 1 Samuel 23:14 (7 times); יְבַקְשׁוּ 1 Samuel 16:16 (23 times); Imperative בַקֵּשׁ 1 Samuel 9:3 (3 times); בַּקְּשׁוּ 1 Samuel 28:7 (8 times); Infinitive לְבַקֵּשׁ 1 Samuel 10:2 (29 times); Participle מְבַקֵּשׁ Genesis 37:16 (23 times); plural מְבַקְשִׁים Exodus 10:11 (38 times).

1. Seek to find

a. Absolute

• Judges 6:29
• 2 Kings 2:17
• Jeremiah 5:1
• Ezekiel 34:6
• Ecclesiastes 3:6
• Ecclesiastes 8:17 (yet see Ew²)

b. Accusative

• Genesis 37:15, 16
• Joshua 2:22 (Yahwist Source)
• Judges 4:22
• Judges 14:4
• 1 Samuel 9:3
• 1 Samuel 10:2, 14, 21
• 1 Samuel 16:16
• 1 Samuel 23:14, 25
• 1 Samuel 24:3
• 1 Samuel 26:2
• 1 Samuel 27:1, 4 + 1 Samuel 26:20 object a flea, but read נַפְשִׁי (ᵐ5¹ Th³ We⁴ Kirkp⁵ Klo⁶ Dr⁷)
• 2 Samuel 17:3, 20
• 1 Kings 1:3
• 1 Kings 2:40
• 1 Kings 18:10
• 2 Kings 2:16
• 2 Kings 6:19
• 1 Chronicles 4:39
• 2 Chronicles 22:9
• Ezra 2:62 (= Nehemiah 7:64)
• Nehemiah 12:27
• Psalm 37:25, 36
• Psalm 119:176
• Proverbs 2:4
• Proverbs 21:6
• Proverbs 23:35
• Proverbs 7:28
• Songs 3:1, 2
• Songs 5:6
• Songs 6:1
• Isaiah 41:12, 17
• Jeremiah 2:24, 33
• Lamentations 1:11
• Ezekiel 7:25
• Ezekiel 22:30
• Ezekiel 34:4, 16
• Hosea 2:9
• Nahum 3:11
• Zechariah 11:16
• Malachi 2:15

c. With לְ

• Job 10:6

d. Accusative of thing לְ person

• Judges 18:1
• 1 Samuel 13:14
• 1 Samuel 28:7
• 1 Kings 1:2
• Ruth 3:1
• Esther 2:2
• Psalm 122:9
• Isaiah 40:20
• Lamentations 1:19
• Nahum 3:7

2. Seek to secure

a. Accusative

• The priesthood Numbers 16:10 (Priests' Code)
• David for king 2 Samuel 3:17
• In battle 2 Samuel 5:17 (= 1 Chronicles 14:8)
• Psalm 27:4
• Jeremiah 45:5
• בקשׁ נפשׁ seek to take one's life: Exodus 4:19 (Yahwist Source), 1 Samuel 20:1, 1 Samuel 22:23, 1 Samuel 23:15, 1 Samuel 25:29, 2 Samuel 4:8, 2 Samuel 16:11, 1 Kings 19:10, 14, Psalm 35:4, Psalm 38:13, Psalm 40:15, Psalm 54:5, Psalm 63:10, Psalm 70:3, Psalm 86:14, Proverbs 29:10, Jeremiah 4:30, Jeremiah 11:21, Jeremiah 19:7, 9, Jeremiah 21:7, Jeremiah 22:25, Jeremiah 34:20, 21, Jeremiah 38:16, Jeremiah 44:30, Jeremiah 46:26, Jeremiah 49:37

b. Aim at, practise

• בקשׁ רעה seek hurt of: Numbers 35:23 (Priests' Code), 1 Samuel 24:10, 1 Samuel 25:26 (with אֶל), 1 Kings 20:7, Psalm 71:13, 24, Esther 9:2
• כזב בּ׳ Psalm 4:3
• שׁבר Proverbs 17:19
• רצון Proverbs 11:27
• טובה Nehemiah 2:10
• אמונה Jeremiah 5:1
• צדק, ענוה Zephaniah 2:3
• שׁלום Psalm 34:15
• חכמה Proverbs 14:6, Ecclesiastes 7:25
• בינה Daniel 8:15
• דעת Proverbs 15:14, 18:15
• תורה Malachi 2:7
• אהבה Proverbs 17:9
• תאוה Proverbs 18:1 (with ל)
• חשׁבנות Ecclesiastes 7:29

c. Infinitive

• Exodus 4:24 (Yahwist Source)
• Jeremiah 26:21

d. לְ & Infinitive

• Genesis 43:30
• Exodus 2:15
• Exodus 10:11 (Yahwist/Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 13:11
• 1 Samuel 14:4
• 1 Samuel 19:2, 10
• 1 Samuel 23:10
• 2 Samuel 20:19
• 2 Samuel 21:2
• 1 Kings 11:22, 40
• Esther 2:21
• Esther 3:6
• Esther 6:2
• Psalm 37:22
• Ecclesiastes 12:10
• Zechariah 6:7
• Zechariah 12:9

3. Seek the face

a. Of rulers

• 1 Kings 10:24 (= 2 Chronicles 9:23)
• Proverbs 29:26

b. Of God (from resorting to sacred places)

• Hosea 5:15
• 1 Chronicles 16:11 (= Psalm 105:4)
• 2 Chronicles 7:14
• 2 Samuel 21:1
• Psalm 24:6
• Psalm 27:8

c. Without מְּנֵי

• Of יהוה: Deuteronomy 4:29, Zephaniah 1:6, Zephaniah 2:3, Hosea 3:5, Hosea 5:6, Exodus 33:7 (Yahwist Source), 1 Chronicles 16:10 (= Psalm 105:3), 2 Chronicles 11:16, 20:4, Isaiah 51:1, Proverbs 28:5, Zechariah 8:21, 22, Jeremiah 50:4
• Of אלהים: 2 Samuel 12:16, compare Ezekiel 8:22, Isaiah 45:19, Isaiah 65:1, 2 Chronicles 15:4, 15, Hosea 7:10, Jeremiah 29:13, Malachi 3:1, Psalm 40:17, Psalm 70:5, Psalm 69:7, Daniel 9:3
• Of דבר י׳: Amos 8:12
• Of שׁמך: Psalm 83:17

d. Followed by Infinitive with לְ

• Of resort to wizards: Leviticus 19:31 (Holiness Code)

4. Desire, demand

a. Accusative

• 1 Chronicles 21:3

b. Accusative of thing מִן person

• Ezekiel 7:26
• Daniel 1:20

5. Require, exact

a. Requirement

• Accusative of thing מִיַּד person Isaiah 1:12
• מִן person Nehemiah 5:12
• Accusative of thing Nehemiah 5:18

b. Exact equivalent or penalty

• Accusative of thing, מִיַּד person Genesis 31:39, Genesis 43:9 (Yahwist/Elohist Source), 1 Samuel 20:16, 2 Samuel 4:11, Ezekiel 3:18, 20, Ezekiel 33:8, compare דרשׁ
• No object expressed Joshua 22:23 (Priests' Code)

6. Ask, request (late)

• Accusative of thing Esther 2:15
• עַל of thing Nehemiah 2:4
• עַל of thing מִן person Esther 7:7, Ezra 8:23
• עַל of thing מִלִּפְנֵי person Esther 4:8
• Accusative of thing מִן person Daniel 1:8, Psalm 104:21
• מִן person 2 Chronicles 20:4

Pu`al Imperfect יְבֻקַּשׁ Jeremiah 50:20; וַיְבֻקַּשׁ Esther 2:23; תֲּבֻקְשִׁי Ezekiel 26:21 — be sought.

¹ ᵐ5: Septuagint.

² Ew: Heinrich Ewald, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache.

³ Th: Otto Thenius, Die Bücher Samuels erklärt.

⁴ We: Julius Wellhausen, Der Text der Bücher Samuelis.

⁵ Kirkp: A. F. Kirkpatrick, The First and Second Books of Samuel.

⁶ Klo: August Klostermann, Die Bücher Samuelis und der Könige.

⁷ Dr: S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel.

Verb Piel imperative second person masculine plural

LXX: ζητεῖ ζητῆσαι ἐζήτησαν ζητοῦντεσ ζητεῖν

LXX Usage Statistics

H1245:

ζητεῖ 15× (7.0%)

ζητῆσαι 13× (5.5%)

ἐζήτησαν 12× (5.4%)

ζητοῦντεσ 12× (4.8%)

ζητεῖν 10× (4.6%)

ἐζήτει 9× (3.8%)

ζητήσω 9× (4.2%)

ἐζήτησεν 8× (3.5%)

ζητεῖσ 8× (3.8%)

ζητήσατε 7× (3.1%)

את אֶת־

את-self eternal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

את

ʼêth

Definition

a hoe or other digging implement

Root

of uncertain derivation;

Exhaustive

of uncertain derivation; a hoe or other digging implement; coulter, plowshare.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H855

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

preposition • Page 82

1. with, together with (Gen. 4:1); 2. with, near by (Gen. 39:6); 3. in or on a place (1 Sam. 7:16); 4. besides (1 K. 11:25); 5. towards, erga (Ruth 2:20, 2 Sam. 16:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H853

I. אֵת — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite idem, Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f., Samaritan ܢܡ; Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been ʾiwyaṯ, originally a substantive with following Genitive, Ol p. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוּת sign from √ אוָה is uncertain: Ol W AG i. § 188 Lag M i. 226 affirm, Nö ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוּת; the forms with אֵת, אֶת being abbreviated. In post-Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוּתוֹ הַיּוֹם = Biblical Hebrew בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא, בְּאוּתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוּתוֹ הָאִישׁ = Biblical Hebrew הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.)
• Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos
• Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f.
• Samaritan ܢܡ
• Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189
• Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כָּל), or by a Genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names

• a. With transitive verbs:
  • Genesis 1:1, 16, 29, 30; Genesis 2:11; Genesis 4:1, 2; Genesis 9:3 (אֶת־כָּל) etc.
  • Similarly אֶת־מִי whom (in particular), Joshua 24:15; 1 Samuel 12:3; 1 Samuel 28:11; Isaiah 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶת־מָה); also with זֶה Genesis 29:33; Genesis 44:29; 1 Samuel 21:16; 1 Kings 22:27 +, זֹאת Genesis 29:27; 2 Samuel 13:27 +, אַחֲלֶה Genesis 46:18; Leviticus 11:18; Isaiah 49:21 +.
  • So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry אֵת is commonly dispensed with.
  • By the use of אֵת with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Genesis 7:1; Genesis 24:14; Genesis 37:4; Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 11:33; Numbers 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 6:13, 23; Deuteronomy 13:5; Judges 14:3 אוּתָהּ קַח־לִי take for me her, 1 Samuel 14:35; 1 Samuel 15:1; 1 Samuel 18:17; 1 Samuel 21:10 אִם־אֶת־הָהִיא תִּקַּח־לְךָ קַח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1 Kings 1:35; 1 Kings 14:9; Isaiah 43:22; Isaiah 57:11; Jeremiah 9:2.
  • So הָאוּתִי Jeremiah 5:22; Jeremiah 7:19.
  • It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jeremiah 7:19; Ezekiel 34:2.
  • Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew § 277 d 2 Ges § 117, 1, R. 2), as Exodus 21:28; Numbers 21:9; Leviticus 20:14; 1 Samuel 24:6 (but see Dr) 2 Samuel 4:11; 2 Samuel 18:18; 2 Samuel 23:21; or which, though definite, is without the article, Genesis 21:30; 2 Samuel 15:16; Leviticus 26:5; 1 Samuel 9:3 (so Numbers 16:15) Isaiah 33:19; Isaiah 41:7; Ezekiel 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.).
• b. With a passive verb (Ges § 121. 1 Ew § 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Genesis 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֹךְ אֶת־עִירָד, Genesis 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Genesis 21:5 (E), Genesis 27:42; 2 Samuel 21:11; 1 Kings 18:13; Hosea 10:6 etc., to Jeremiah 35:18; Jeremiah 38:4; Jeremiah 50:20; Ezekiel 16:4, 5; Esther 2:13 (compare Dr JPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew § 281 b), as Exodus 1:7 +.
• c. With neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατά σύνεσιν (rare): Joshua 22:17; 2 Samuel 11:25; Nehemiah 9:32 (compare 1 Samuel 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Haggai 2:17; אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֲלֵי.
• d. Poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force: Habakkuk 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isaiah 13:19; Jeremiah 50:40 מַהֲפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W AG i. § 196, 43]; and Numbers 10:2; Ezekiel 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׁאוֹת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew § 239 a).

2. אֵת marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb

• a. With verbs of motion (very rare): Numbers 13:17; Deuteronomy 1:19; Deuteronomy 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judges 19:18; Ezekiel 21:25 (Ew § 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
• b. Denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exodus 13:7; Leviticus 25:22; Deuteronomy 9:25.
• c. Expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Genesis 17:11, 14; 1 Kings 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατά σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition

• Thus (α): Exodus 1:14; Numbers 3:26, 46; Numbers 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezekiel 35:10) Numbers 18:21 b Deuteronomy 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deuteronomy 14:13; Joshua 17:11; Judges 20:44, 46 (contr. Judges 20:25; Judges 20:35) 1 Samuel 17:34 (see Dr) 1 Samuel 26:16; 2 Samuel 21:22; 2 Kings 6:5; Isaiah 53:8 (probably), Isaiah 57:12; Jeremiah 23:33 (but read rather with LXX Targum אֶתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jeremiah 27:8; Jeremiah 36:22; Jeremiah 38:16 Kt, Jeremiah 45:4 b Ezekiel 16:22; Ezekiel 17:21; Ezekiel 20:16; Ezekiel 29:4; b Ezekiel 43:7 (LXX Co prefix הָרְאִיתָ) Ezekiel 44:3; Zechariah 8:17; Ecclesiastes 4:3; Daniel 9:13; Nehemiah 9:19, 34; 1 Chronicles 2:9; 2 Chronicles 31:17.
• In 1 Samuel 30:23; Haggai 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood.
• (β): Jeremiah 38:9; Ezekiel 14:22; b Ezekiel 37:19 b Zechariah 12:10; סָבִיב אֵת 1 Kings 6:5; Ezekiel 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings LXX omits the clause: so Sta ZAW 1883, 135).
• — In 1 Kings 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); 1 Kings 11:25 is corrupt (read with LXX זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדַד); Ezekiel 47:17, 18, 19 read similarly for וְאֵת, זֹאת: see Ezekiel 47:20.

— For some particulars as to the use of אֵת, see A. M. Wilson Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, אֵת with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie ZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli Had. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתו (Lzb 263 Cooke 170; compare RÉS 468); Targum Onkelos Samaritan יָת; Syriac ܒܪ (rare)); — Daniel 3:12 דִּי מְנִיּתָ יָתְהוֹן whom thou hast appointed.

¹ Schröd: Paul Schröder, Die phönizische Sprache, Halle, 1869.

² Lag: Paul de Lagarde, works on Semitic languages.

³ Nö: Theodor Nöldeke, Orientalische Skizzen, Berlin, 1892.

⁴ Ol: Julius Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Braunschweig, 1861.

⁵ W AG: Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae, ed. by E. Rödiger, Leipzig, 1835-1858.

⁶ Di: August Dillmann, Ethiopic Grammar, Leipzig, 1857.

⁷ Targ: Targum.

⁸ PS: Payne Smith, Syriac Dictionary.

⁹ Qor: Quran.

¹⁰ Ew: Heinrich Ewald, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Göttingen, 1870.

¹¹ Ges: Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Dr: Samuel Rolles Driver, works on Hebrew.

¹³ JPh: Journal of Philology.

¹⁴ LXX: Septuagint.

¹⁵ Targum: Targum.

¹⁶ Sta: Bernhard Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, Berlin, 1887.

¹⁷ ZAW: Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

¹⁸ Gie: Friedrich Giesebrecht, works on Hebrew.

¹⁹ Lzb: Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik, Weimar, 1898.

²⁰ Cooke: George Albert Cooke, North-Semitic Inscriptions, Oxford, 1903.

²¹ RÉS: Revue des Études Sémitiques.

H855

III. [אֵת] noun [masculine] a cutting instrument of iron usually translated as ploughshare.

— singular suffix אֵתוֹ 1 Samuel 13:20; plural אֵתִּים 1 Samuel 13:21, אִתִּים Isaiah 2:4 = Micah 4:3; suffix אִתֵּיכֶם Joel 4:10; according to Klo¹ and others also 2 Kings 6:5 אֵת הַבַּרְזֶל, that is, the axe of iron.

¹ A. Klostermann.

Direct object eternal self

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

H0855:

No stats available

יהוה יְהוָה

He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהוה

Yᵉhôvâh

Definition

Jehovah, Jewish national name of God

Root

from H1961 (היה); (the) self-Existent or Eternal;

Exhaustive

from היה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יה, יהוה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3068

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Strongs / High • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

proper name • Page 275

The proper name of the deity among the ancient Hebrews. Interpreted as 'the eternal, unchangeable, true' or 'he who is as he shall be.' The text discusses various ancient pronunciations (IAΩ, IABE, IETΩ) and its derivation from the future of הָיָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3068

I. יהוה (approximate number of occurrences: 6823) i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity — Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel.

Cognates and Origins:

• Babylonian יהו (claimed by Delitzsch^{Dl Pa 162 ff.}, disputed by Kuenen and Jastrow)
• Egyptian etymology (proposed by Spiegelberg^{ZMG liii 633 ff.}, considered improbable)
• Moabite Stone יהוה as the name of Israel's God (MI¹⁸)

— יהוה Masoretic Text יְהוָֺה (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה (Qr אֱלֹהִים) in combinations אדני יהוה; with prepositions בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה. Pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520 (Galatinus). The traditional Ἰαβέ (Theodoret) and contracted form יָהּ favour the pronunciation יַהְוֶה (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Psalm 74:6).

1. Etymology and Meaning

a. Hiphil theories (The Giver of Being)

• The one bringing into being, life-giver (Schrader)
• Giver of existence, creator (Kuenen, Tiele)
• He who causes to fall, i.e., rain or lightning (Robertson Smith)

b. Qal theories (The Existing One)

• The absolute and unchangeable one (Riehm)
• The existing, ever living (Dillmann)
• The one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption (Delitzsch)

2. Source Analysis and Usage

a. In the Hexateuch

• Elohist Source (E): Not used in Genesis; revealed at Horeb (Exodus 3:12–15) and explained as אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה "I shall be the one who will be with thee."
• Priests' Code (P): Abstains from use until the revelation to Moses (Exodus 6:3).
• Yahwist Source (J): Uses the name from the beginning of the narrative (Genesis 2:4).

b. In later literature

• Common in pre-exilic writers; falls into disuse post-exile, supplanted by אלהים and אדני.
• Job: Used in prose parts and once in the poem (Job 12:9).
• Ecclesiastes: Not used at all.

3. Syntactic Combinations

a. With אלהים and suffixes

• With אֱלֹהֶיךָ: Exodus 20:2–12 (Ten Words); Deuteronomy 5:6–16; in Deuteronomy (234 times).
• With אֱלֹהֵיכֶם: In Deuteronomy (46 times); Holiness Code (15 times); Joel 2:13.
• With אֱלֹהֵינוּ: Exodus 3:18; Psalm 20:8; Daniel 9:10, 13, 14.
• With אלהים (later editors): Genesis 2:4b; Jonah 4:6.

b. The phrase אֲנִי יהוה ("I am Yahweh")

• As a formula of revelation or authority: Exodus 6:2, 29 (Priests' Code).
• In the recognition formula ("that ye may know"): Exodus 7:5; Ezekiel 6:7 (and 48 times in Ezekiel).
• In the Holiness Code as an emphatic close: Leviticus 18:5, 6, 21; Leviticus 19:12, 14, 16.

c. In compound place names

• יהוה יראה (Yahweh-jireh): Genesis 22:14 (Yahwist Source).
• יהוה נסי (Yahweh-nissi): Exodus 17:15 (Elohist Source).
• יהוה שׁלים (Yahweh-shalom): Judges 6:24.
• יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה (Yahweh-shammah): Ezekiel 48:35.

¹ Philo, de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529.

² Friedrich Böttcher, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Bö § 88).

³ Paul de Lagarde, Symmicta (Lag Sym i.14).

⁴ Samuel Rolles Driver, Studia Biblica (Dr Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.).

⁵ Eberhard Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT).

Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κυρίου κυρίῳ κύριον κύριε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3068:

κύριοσ 2605× (41.8%)

κυρίου 1742× (27.8%)

κυρίῳ 598× (8.8%)

κύριον 473× (7.1%)

κύριε 336× (5.4%)

--- 129× (2.1%)

'' 95× (1.3%)

θεὸσ 76× (1.0%)

θεοῦ 69× (0.9%)

θεῷ 28× (0.4%)

כל כָּל־

all

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3605

I. כֹּל (approximate number of occurrences: 5415) noun masculine — the whole, all (once כּוֹל Jeremiah 33:8 Kt.).

Cognates:

• Moabite, Phoenician id.
• Aramaic כּוּל, כֹּל
• Arabic كل
• Sabean כל (compare DHM¹)
• Ethiopic ኩሉ
• Assyrian kullatu

— כֹּל absolute; construct כֹּל Genesis 2:5, Genesis 2:16, Genesis 2:20; כֹּל־ Psalm 138:2; more usually כָּל־ (with makkaph: without it, Psalm 35:10; Proverbs 19:7; Kö²); suffix 2 masculine singular in pause כֻּלָּךְ Micah 2:12; 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isaiah 14:29, Isaiah 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isaiah 22:1; Song of Solomon 4:7; 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2 Samuel 2:9 (Dr³) + 17 times, כֻּלּוֹ Genesis 25:25 + 16 times; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Genesis 13:10 + 15 times, כֻּלָּא Ezekiel 36:5; 1 plural כֻּלָּנוּ (16 times); 2 plural כֻּלְּכֶם (18 times); 3 masculine plural כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jeremiah 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2 Samuel 23:6 (and Jeremiah 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Genesis 42:36; Proverbs 31:29; כֻּלָּֽהְנָה 1 Kings 7:37.

1. With following Genitive

a. The whole of, all, every

• Genesis 2:2 כָּל־צְבָאָם (the whole of their host)
• Genesis 2:13 כָּל־אֶרֶץ כּוּשׁ (the whole of the land of Kush)
• כָּל־הַלַּיְלָה (the whole of the night)
• כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל (the whole of Israel)
• Deuteronomy 4:29 בְּכָל־לְבָֽבְךָ (with all thy heart)
• With plural nouns: Genesis 5:5 כל־ימי אדם (all the days of Adam); Genesis 37:35 כל־בניו (all his sons); Isaiah 2:2 כל־הגוים (all the nations); Genesis 43:9 כל הימים (continually)
• In poetry, noun may be undetermined: כָּל־יָדַיִם (every hand) Isaiah 13:7; Jeremiah 48:37; Ezekiel 21:12; כל־פנים (every face) Isaiah 25:8

b. Followed by singular, understood collectively

• Genesis 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה (every living soul)
• Genesis 2:9 כל עץ נחמד (every kind of tree)
• Genesis 6:12 כָּל־בָּשָׂר (all flesh)
• Numbers 12:3; Judges 16:17 כל האדם (the whole of mankind)
• Exodus 1:22 כל־הבן (all the sons)
• In late Hebrew: בְּכָל־דּוֹר וָדוֹר Psalm 45:18; Esther 9:28; בכל־עיר ועיר 2 Chronicles 11:12

c. Genitive as a relative sentence

• Introduced by אשׁר: Genesis 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה (all that he had made); Joshua 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ (wheresoever thou goest)
• Rarely with ellipse of relative: Genesis 39:4 וְכָל־יֶשׁ־לוֹ; Psalm 71:18 לְכָל־יָבוֹא

d. Idiomatic use with suffixes

• Placing suffix after the word qualified: 2 Samuel 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלֹּה (Israel, all of it); Isaiah 14:29 פלשׁת כלך (Philistia, all of thee!)
• Suffix of 3ms used for the mass: Exodus 14:7 עַל־כֻּלּוֹ (upon all of them); Psalm 29:9 כֻּלּוֹ אֹמֵר כָּבוֹד (every one says, Glory!)

e. Affirming or denying of an entire class (any/none)

• Comparative: Genesis 3:1 מכל חית השׂדה (than any beast of the field)
• With negative (none): Exodus 12:16 כל־מלאכה לא יעשׂה (no work shall be done); Psalm 143:2 כי לא־יצדק לפניך כל־חי (for no living thing is righteous before thee)

f. Anomalous gender

feminine very anomalously, severed from its Genitive: 2 Samuel 1:9 כִּי־כָל־עוֹד נַפְשִׁי בִי; Job 27:3; Hosea 14:3 כָּל־תִּשָּׂא עָוֺן.

2. Absolutely

a. Without the article (all things, all)

• Genesis 9:3 את כֹּל; Genesis 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֹ; Numbers 11:6 אֵין כֹּל (there is nothing)
• Isaiah 44:24 עשֶֹׁה כֹּל (maker of all things); Proverbs 16:4
• As Comprehensive Genitive: Ezekiel 44:30 כָּל־בִּכּוּרֵי כֹל

b. With article (הַכֹּל)

• Referring to things just mentioned: Exodus 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל; Leviticus 1:9; 1 Samuel 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד
• In wider sense (the universe, to pan): Jeremiah 10:16 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא; Psalm 103:19
• In Ecclesiastes (often): Ecclesiastes 1:2; Ecclesiastes 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל

Aramaic

I. כֹּל, כָּל־ noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל).

1. The whole of, all
   • כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל Daniel 2:12
   • כל־מלכותא Daniel 6:4
   • suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֹן Daniel 2:38; Daniel 7:19
2. With a singular noun, understood collectively (every, any, none)
   • Daniel 3:29 דִּי כָל־עַם (that every people)
   • Daniel 6:8 מִן־כָּל־אֱלָה (of any god)
   • Daniel 2:10 כל־מלך... לא (no king)
   • כָּל־דִּי (whoever/whatever) Daniel 6:8; Ezra 7:23
3. Emphatic כֹּלָּא (absolutely, all things)
   • Daniel 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא (crushing all things)
   • Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18 וּמָזוֹן לְכֹלָּא־בֵהּ
   • Daniel 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא (all came upon...)

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien (1889).

² Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (1890).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

ענוי עַנְוֵי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ענו

ʻânâv

Definition

depressed (figuratively), in mind (gentle) or circumstances (needy, especially saintly)

Root

or (by intermixture with H6041 (עני)) עניו; from H6031 (ענה);

Exhaustive

or (by intermixture with עני) עניו; from ענה; depressed (figuratively), in mind (gentle) or circumstances (needy, especially saintly); humble, lowly, meek, poor. Compare עני.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6035

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָנָו

noun proper masculine • Root ענה • Strongs / High • Page 1113

K'ri for עָנָו (which see).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6035

I. עָנָו (?; Lag¹) noun masculine — poor, afflicted, humble, meek.

— עָנָו Numbers 12:3 (Kt; Qr עָנָיו is to ensure the ָ֯ according to Di² Kö³); elsewhere plural עֲנָוִים Isaiah 29:19 11t. + Kt עֲנָוִים Isaiah 32:7; Psalm 9:19 (Qr עֲנִיִּים); Qr עֲנָוִים Psalm 9:13; Psalm 10:12; Proverbs 3:34; Proverbs 14:21; Proverbs 16:19 (Kt עניים); construct עַנְוֵי Zephaniah 2:3 2t., + Kt ענוי (Qr עֲנִיֵּי) Amos 8:4 (so Job 24:4 van d. H.; but עֲנִיֵּי Kt and Qr Baer Ginsb).

These forms shew confusion with עָנִי, which is perhaps only another form of עָנָו (otherwise Rahlfs⁴; Driver⁵; עָנָו = humble, meek, עָנִי = passive humbled, afflicted).

1. Meanings and Uses

1. poor, needy

• Proverbs 14:21 (Qr)

2. poor and weak

• oppressed by rich and powerful Amos 2:7
• Isaiah 29:19
• Isaiah 32:7 (Kt)
• ענוי (ה)ארץ Psalm 76:10
• Isaiah 11:4
• Zephaniah 2:3
• Amos 8:4 (Kt)
• Job 24:4

3. poor, weak and afflicted Israel

(usually rendered meek):

• Psalm 10:17
• Psalm 22:27
• Psalm 25:9 (twice in verse)
• Psalm 34:3
• Psalm 37:11
• Psalm 69:33 (+ עָנִי 3, also in all these Psalms)
• Psalm 147:6
• Psalm 149:4
• Isaiah 61:1 (+ נשׁברי לב, compare Isaiah 66:2 עָנִי 3)
• Psalm 9:19 (Kt)
• Psalm 9:13
• Psalm 10:12 (Qr)

4. humble, lowly, meek

• Numbers 12:3 (Moses)
• Proverbs 3:34 (Qr)
• Proverbs 16:19 (Qr)

¹ Paul de Lagarde, Bildung der Nomina (1889), 48.

² August Dillmann.

³ Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache, ii. 1. 76.

⁴ Alfred Rahlfs, 'Anî und 'Anāw in den Psalmen (1892), 62 f.

⁵ S. R. Driver, 'Poor' in Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible (1898-1904).

Adjective adjective masculine plural construct

LXX: πραεῖσ πτωχοὶ ταπεινοὺσ πενήτων

LXX Usage Statistics

H6035:

πραεῖσ 8× (37.2%)

πτωχοὶ 2× (10.1%)

ταπεινοὺσ 2× (9.4%)

πενήτων 2× (8.6%)

הארץ הָאָרֶץ

the Earthly One

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ארץ

ʼerets

Definition

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

Root

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm;

Exhaustive

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth (at large, or partitively a land); [idiom] common, country, earth, field, ground, land, [idiom] natins, way, [phrase] wilderness, world.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H776

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

(Not used) To be hard, firm, dense. (Root of the following noun)

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

Earth, as firm land i.e. a dense firm mass, in opposition to water. Includes meanings: a) the earth in opposition to heaven; b) earth as an element/material; c) the ground; d) piece of land/field; e) land of habitation or fatherland.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

noun masculine • Page 73

Earth, land. (masc. rarely, Gen. 13: 6; Is. 9: 18).

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Page 74

1. earth; also inhabitants of the earth, Gen. 6:11. 11:1. 2. land; e.g. אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם the land of Egypt. Sometimes Palestine, Joel 1:2. 3. jurisdiction of a city. Josh. 8:1. Plur. אֲרָצוֹת lands.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H776

I. אֶרֶץ (approximate number of occurrences: 2407) noun feminine Genesis 10:11 & (seldom) masculine Genesis 13:16 — earth, land.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אֶרֶץ
• Assyrian irṣitu (compare COT Glossary)
• Arabic أرض
• Sabean אֶרֶץ (for example, Osiris 9, DHM ZMG 1875, 594, 614; Semitic Sprachforschung 12, compare Prä BAS i. 374 note)
• Aramaic אַרְעָא, ܐܪܥܐ

— אֶרֶץ absolute Genesis 1:24 +; construct Genesis 2:11 +; אָרֶץ Genesis 1:10 +; with article always הָאָרֶץ Genesis 1:11 +; with הָ locative אַרְצָה Genesis 11:31 +, (this form also in poetry = אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +); suffix אַרְצִי Job 20:15 +; (אַרְצֶנּוּ) אַרְצְכֶם Job 12:1 +, etc.; plural אֲרָצוֹת Jeremiah 28:8 (65 times); construct אַרְצוֹת Ezekiel 39:27 (6 times); suffix אַרְצֹתָם Genesis 10:5 (2 times).

1. Forms and Grammatical Notes

• Absolute: אֶרֶץ — Genesis 1:24 +
• Construct: אַרְצֵי — Genesis 2:11 +
• With article: הָאָרֶץ — Genesis 1:11 +
• Locative: אַרְצָה — Genesis 11:31 + (also in poetry equivalent to אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +)
• Suffix forms:
  • אַרְצִי — Job 20:15 +
  • אַרְצְכֶם — Job 12:1 +
• Plural:
  • Absolute: אֲרָצוֹת — Jeremiah 28:8 (65 times)
  • Construct: אַרְצוֹת — Ezekiel 39:27 (6 times)
  • Suffix: אַרְצֹתָם — Genesis 10:5 (2 times)

2. Meanings and Uses

a. Earth (whole earth, opposed to a part)

• Genesis 18:18, Genesis 18:25
• Genesis 22:18 (= הָאֲדָמָה Genesis 12:3)
• Jeremiah 25:26, Jeremiah 25:29, Jeremiah 25:30
• Jeremiah 26:6
• Isaiah 37:16, Isaiah 37:20 = 2 Kings 19:15
• 2 Kings 19:19
• Zechariah 4:10, Zechariah 4:14 +

b. Earth, opposed to heaven or sky

• Genesis 1:2
• Exodus 20:4
• Deuteronomy 5:8
• Deuteronomy 30:19
• Judges 5:4
• Lamentations 2:1
• Isaiah 37:16 = 2 Kings 19:15
• Psalm 146:6
• 1 Chronicles 21:16
• 1 Chronicles 29:11
• 2 Chronicles 2:11 +
• As permanent: Ecclesiastes 1:4
• Built on foundations or pillars: 1 Samuel 2:8; Psalm 104:5; Job 38:4; Isaiah 48:13; Isaiah 51:13, Isaiah 51:16
• Compare also: Isaiah 24:18; Psalm 82:5
• Firm, shaking as terrible: 1 Samuel 14:4; 2 Samuel 22:8 = Psalm 18:8; Job 9:6; compare Psalm 46:2 & Psalm 46:6
• Also: Amos 8:8; Isaiah 2:19, Isaiah 2:21; Isaiah 24:18, Isaiah 24:19, Isaiah 24:20; Psalm 60:4; Psalm 77:19; Psalm 99:1; Psalm 114:7
• Hung on nothing: Job 26:7
• With waters under it: Exodus 20:4 = Deuteronomy 5:8; compare Genesis 7:11
• Personified, addressed: Deuteronomy 32:1; Jeremiah 6:19; Jeremiah 22:29; Isaiah 1:2; Micah 1:2; Job 16:18

c. Earth = inhabitants of earth

• Genesis 6:11
• 1 Kings 2:2
• 1 Kings 10:24
• Psalm 33:8
• Psalm 66:4
• תְּהִלַּת כָּל הָאָרֶץ Proverbs 8:31
• Job 37:12

2. Land (country, territory)

• a. Country, territory: שִׁנְעַר הָאָרֶץ Genesis 10:10; מִצְרַיִם הָאָרֶץ Genesis 21:21; compare also Genesis 10:11; Genesis 11:28, Genesis 11:31; Genesis 13:10; Genesis 47:6, Genesis 47:27; Genesis 50:8; Isaiah 7:18; Isaiah 23:1; Isaiah 23:13; Isaiah 27:13; Psalm 78:12; Jeremiah 25:20; 1 Chronicles 1:43; personified Isaiah 62:4; Ecclesiastes 10:16, Ecclesiastes 10:17
• b. District, region: Genesis 19:28; Genesis 22:2; Joshua 11:3; Psalm 42:7
• c. Tribal territory: Deuteronomy 34:2; Judges 21:21; 1 Samuel 9:4, 1 Samuel 9:16; 1 Samuel 13:7; 1 Kings 15:20; Isaiah 8:23; and smaller territories 1 Samuel 9:4, 1 Samuel 9:5
• d. Piece of ground: Genesis 23:15
• e. Specifically land of Canaan or Israel: Genesis 11:31; Genesis 12:1; Genesis 12:5; Genesis 12:6; Genesis 12:7; Genesis 31:3; Exodus 14:34; Deuteronomy 17:14; Deuteronomy 18:9; 2 Kings 5:2, 2 Kings 5:4 +; especially object of יָרַשׁ possess Deuteronomy 3:20 (Deuteronomy, Psalms and elsewhere); so after נָחַל Joshua 19:49 +; נָתַן Deuteronomy 1:21 +
• f. = Inhabitants of land: Leviticus 19:29; Ezekiel 14:13; Deuteronomy 24:4; Zechariah 12:12 etc.
• g. Used of Sheol: Job 10:21, Job 10:22 (compare Assyrian irṣit la târat, land without return, in Descent of Ishtar, see Jeremiah 10:65); see also Psalm 139:15; Isaiah 44:23

3. Ground, surface of ground = אֲדָמָה

• Genesis 1:26, Genesis 1:30
• Genesis 18:2
• Genesis 33:3
• Genesis 38:9
• Exodus 4:3
• Exodus 16:4
• Ruth 2:10
• 1 Samuel 5:4 + very often in Samuel

4. Soil, as productive = אֲדָמָה

• Genesis 1:11, Genesis 1:12
• Leviticus 19:9
• Leviticus 25:9
• Leviticus 26:4; compare Numbers 14:7, Numbers 14:8
• Isaiah 36:7 = 2 Kings 18:32
• Psalm 72:6
• Psalm 72:16
• Psalm 107:34
• Psalm 107:35
• Ezra 9:12
• Nehemiah 9:35

5. Phrases

• a. People of the land: עַם הָאָרֶץ of non-Israelites Genesis 23:7, Genesis 23:12, Genesis 23:13 (P) Numbers 14:9 (JE); as well as Israel Leviticus 20:4 (H) 2 Kings 15:5; 2 Kings 16:15; 2 Kings 21:24 (twice in verse); especially common people, opposed to officials, princes Leviticus 4:27 (P) Ezekiel 7:27; 2 Kings 11:18, 2 Kings 11:19
• b. In measurements of distance: כִּבְרַת הָאָרֶץ the space or distance of country (see כִּבְרָה) Genesis 35:16, so כִּבְרַת אֶרֶץ some distance Genesis 48:7; 2 Kings 5:19
• c. Country of the plain: אֶרֶץ הַמִּישׁוֹר Deuteronomy 4:33; Jeremiah 48:21; מִישׁוֹר הָאָרֶץ figurative Psalm 143:10 (but read אֹרַח according to Bi, Gr, Che, compare Psalm 27:11)
• d. Land of the living: חַיִּים הָאָרֶץ Psalm 27:13; הַחַיִּים הָאָרֶץ Psalm 142:6
• e. Ends of the earth: קְצֵה הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 42:10; Isaiah 43:6 (|| רָחוֹק) Psalm 135:7; Proverbs 17:24, so אַפְסֵי אֶרֶץ Proverbs 30:4 +; קְצוֹת הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 40:28; Isaiah 41:5, Isaiah 41:9

6. Plural אֲרָצוֹת

The plural אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late, Jeremiah 16:15 (6 times Jeremiah); 23 times Ezekiel; Isaiah 36:20; Isaiah 37:11 = 2 Kings 18:35; 2 Kings 19:11 (Isaiah 37:18 read הַגּוֹיִם see Che Di & compare 2 Kings 19:17); 22 times Chronicles; Daniel 9:7; Daniel 11:40, Daniel 11:42; Psalm 105:44; Psalm 106:27; Psalm 107:3; Psalm 116:9; besides these only P Genesis 10:5, Genesis 10:20, Genesis 10:31; Leviticus 26:36, Leviticus 26:39, except Genesis 26:3, Genesis 26:4 (J R) Genesis 41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc., see especially absolute Ezekiel 20:32; Ezekiel 22:4; = the various petty divisions of Canaan afterward united under Israel's control Genesis 26:3, Genesis 26:4, compare 1 Chronicles 13:2 אַרְצוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2 Chronicles 11:23 אַרְצוֹת יְהוּדָה.

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

³ t. times (following a number).

⁴ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁵ ? Sign of doubt.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ P Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁸ JE Jehovist-Elohist Source.

⁹ H Holiness Code.

¹⁰ R Redactor.

¹¹ Bi G. Bickell.

¹² Gr G. Gesenius.

¹³ Che T. K. Cheyne.

¹⁴ Di A. Dillmann.

¹⁵ DHM D. H. Müller.

¹⁶ ZMG Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft.

¹⁷ BAS Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft.

¹⁸ COT Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0776:

No stats available

אשר אֲשֶׁר

who/which

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אשר

ʼăsher

Definition

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.

Root

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);

Exhaustive

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number); who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.; [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H834

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר

noun proper • Root אשיר אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Proper name of a city east of Shechem, on the border of Manasseh.

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Relative pronoun: who, which; forming the relative in prose.

אֲשֶׁר

relative particle • Lemma_Lookup • Page 205

A relative particle or pronoun (who, which, that). It serves to connect a following clause with a preceding noun or pronoun. It can function as the subject or object within its clause (often supplemented by a pronominal suffix). In the accusative, it acts as a subordinate conjunction expressing relations of place (where, whither), time (when), and manner (as, that). It forms various compound conjunctions with prepositions, such as עַל אֲשֶׁר (wherefore, because), בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר (wherever), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (as).

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative / conjunction • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Relative pronoun and conjunction: that, which, where, so that, because, in order that. Used to express object and design, clauses relating to time (when), or causal relationships.

אֲשַׁר

verb • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 212

(not used) Aram. equivalent to Hebr אֶתֶר.

אֲשֻׁר

masc. / fem. • Root אשר אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

1. A tree, commonly sherbin-cedar, larch, or box-tree. 2. A step, walk.

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

Name of a tree; also the proper name of a city.

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine / noun proper • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

Happy; used as a proper name Asher (son of Jacob and the tribe named after him).

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Fortune, happiness; hence as an interjection in the construct state: hail! happy!

אָשֵׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be connected, united (equivalent to אָסַר).

אָשַׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To go about, run about; to go, to walk, to step along.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be united, by love, marriage, etc.; to be firm, strong, pressed together.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root ישר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be straight (even of a way); in a moral sense: to be right, honest, upright; to be prosperous, happy.

אָשַׁר

verb • Root עשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1143

(which see); Ar. the same, hence עָשִׁיר a spouse, an associate. Deriv. אֲשֵׁרָה, עֲשֵׁרָה, עָשִׁירָה.

אָשֻׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Step, walk.

אֹשֶׁר

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Prosperity.

אֻשַּׁר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 203

To be led, guided.

אֲשֶׁר אַחֲרֵי־כֵן

adverbial phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 708

After that.

אֲשַׂרְאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Proper noun, masculine. ('El is allied). Found in 1 Chr. 4, 16. Equivalent to the Phenician Osiris, an epithet of Ba'al.

אֲשַׂרְאֵלָה

noun proper masculine • Root אשר אלה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Proper noun, masculine. Found in 1 Chr. 25, 2. A variant reading is יְשַׂרְאֵלָה (Jesharelah).

אֲשֵׁרָה

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 206

Name of a Phenician goddess, sometimes identified with the Sidonian Astarte; also refers to the wooden image/pillar of the goddess standing beside the altar of Ba'al.

אָשֵׁרִי

adjective • Lemma_Lookup • Page 204

Gentile of Asher; Asherite.

אֲשְׂרִיאֵל

noun proper masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

Proper name of a man (Num. 26:31; Josh. 17:2).

אֲשֵׁרִים

noun masculine plural • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

Male images of Baal, of wood, symbolising Baal as a generating power, and distinct from images of Ashera.

אֻשַּׁרְנָא

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 207

A wall (Ezr. 5:3), properly a firm thing. Formed from אָשַׁר with the termination na.

אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַבַּיִת

phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 238

head of the palace, minister of the court

אֶת־אֲשֶׁר

relative phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 87

the person whom or the thing which

כַּאֲשֶׁר

conjunction • Root אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 669

as, when, according as, since.

תְּלַאשַּׂר

unknown • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1515

see תְּלָאשֶׁר.

תְּלָאשָׂר

noun proper • Root תל אשר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1513

(as also תְּלַשַּׁר Is. 37, 12, also in mss. תְּלַסַּר) n. p. of a Mesopotamian province and city, inhabited by the בְּנֵי עֶדֶן, and formerly subject to Assyria Is. 37, 12; 2 Kings 19, 12. The word has arisen from תֵּל and אָשָׁר = אָשׂוּר.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר

pronoun relative • Page 79

Relative pronoun: who, which, that. Used for both genders and numbers. Often acts as a sign of relation for other pronouns and adverbs (e.g., אֲשֶׁר-שָׁם 'where', אֲשֶׁר-מִשָּׁם 'whence').

אֲשֶׁר

adv. or conjunction • Page 80

Used as an adverb or conjunction; signifies (1.) *that, to the end that, ut*; (2.) *that, how that, quod*; (3.) *because*; (4.) *if*; (5.) *for*; (6.) *when*; (7.) *as*; (8.) *where*. References include Gen. 11:7, Deut. 4:40, Ex. 11:7, Jos. 2:10, 1 Sam. 24:19, 1 K. 8:33, Lev. 4:22, Jer. 33:22, Num. 20:13.

אֶשֶׁר

noun • Page 79

Happiness, prosperity; found only in the plural construct אַשְׁרֵי (the happinesses of). (Ps. 1:1, 2:12, 32:1, 33:12; Prov. 3:13, 8:34; Deut. 33:29).

אֶשֶׁר

noun masculine • Root אשר • Page 80

*Prosperity*. Reference: Gen. 30:13.

אָשֵׁר

m. proper name • Page 79

1. A son of Jacob, progenitor of one of the tribes of Israel. 2. A city not far from Shechem (Josh. 17:7).

אָשַׁר

verb • Root ישר • Page 79

1. To go straight, proceed (Prov. 9:6). 2. To be right, suitable, successful, or prosperous (Hab. 2:4). Pi.: To lead or guide straight (Prov. 23:19; Is. 1:17). Pu.: To be guided or pronounced happy (Ps. 41:3; Prov. 3:18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H834

אַשֶׁר particle of relation (Moabite idem; origin dubious: 1 according to Tsepreghi Diss. Lugd. p. 171 Mühlau Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n. Sta Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167 Hom ZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll § 153 Sayce Hebraica. ii. 51 Lag M. i. 255 & especially Krae Hebraica. vi. 298 ff, originally a substantive 'place' = ܐܠܗܐ footstep, mark, ሀሁሂሄ (do.), אֲתָר, ܐܒܓܕ place, Assyrian ašru, used (see Kraetz.) both as a substantive 'there, where,' and as a relative of place 'where': in Hebrew this development has advanced further, and it has become a relative sign Generally. The chief objection to this explanation is that it would isolate Hebrew from the other Semitic languages, in which pronouns are formed regularly from demonstrative roots (compare also Nö ZMG 1886, 738). 2 according to Phi St. C. 73 Sperling Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22 for אֲשֶׁל, developed from the relative שֶׁ (q. v.) by (1) the prefixing of either a merely prosthetic א, or, better, a pronominal א (giving rise to אש, the form of the relative in Phoenician), and (2) the addition of the demonstrative root ל [found also in אֵל, אֵלָה, הָלָזֶה (q. v.), السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ he who, አማር: who (plural)]: the main objection to this explanation is the change of ל to ר, which is hardly rendered probable by the compare of Syriac ܒܝܫܐ by side of הָלְכָא. 1 seems preferable, the primitive root having acquired different significations in the different Semitic languages, and having been weakened in Hebrew to a mere particle of relation).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש
• Syriac ܐܝܢܐ, ܕ
• Arabic الّذي
• Ethiopic ያ
• Assyrian ašru

A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule אַשֶׁר is a mere connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pronominal affix, or other word, such as שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely: e.g. Genesis 1:11 אַשֶׁר זַרְעָהּ literally as to which, its seed is in it = in which is its seed, Psalm 1:4 like the chaff אַשֶׁר תִּדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ as to which, the wind drives it = which the wind drives, etc.; & so אַשֶׁר שָׁם = where, אַשֶׁר מִשָּׁם = whence, Genesis 2:11; Genesis 3:23; Genesis 20:13 etc. Sometimes also (see below) the relation expressed by it is specifically temporal, local causal, etc. More particularly

1. Relative Pronoun Uses

it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nominative or oblique cases, as Numbers 22:6 and he whom thou cursest is cursed, Exodus 4:12 and I will teach thee אַשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר that which thou shalt say; and with particles or prepositions, as אֵת אַשֶׁר (according to the context) him who . . ., those who . . ., that which . . . ; לַאֲשֶׁר to him who . . . Genesis 43:16, to those who . . . Genesis 47:24, to that which Genesis 27:8; מֵאֲשֶׁר Judges 16:30; 2 Samuel 18:18 than those whom; Leviticus 27:24 לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ מֵאִתּוֹ to him from whom he bought it, Numbers 5:7; Isaiah 24:2 כַּאֲשֶׁר יֵשׁ בּוֹ like him against whom there is a creditor.

2. Pronominal Affix and Defining Adjunct

instances of אַשֶׁר followed by a pronominal affix, or by שָׁם, שָׁמָה, מִשָּׁם, are so common that the examples cited above will be sufficient. Very rarely there occurs the anomalous construction עִם אַשֶׁר Genesis 31:32 for אַשֶׁר עִמּוֹ (see Genesis 44:9), בַּאֲשֶׁר Isaiah 47:12 for אַשֶׁר בָּהֶם, לַאֲשֶׁר for אַשֶׁר לָהֶם Ezekiel 23:40: Psalm 119:49 see under עַל אַשֶׁר. It is followed by the pronoun in the nominative, in the following cases:

• (a) immediately, mostly before an adjective or participle, Genesis 9:3 all moving things אַשֶׁר הוּא חַי which are living, Leviticus 11:26; Numbers 9:13; Numbers 14:8,27; Numbers 35:31; Deuteronomy 20:20; 1 Samuel 10:19 (see Dr) 2 Kings 25:19 ("" Jeremiah 52:25 הָיָה) Jeremiah 27:9; Ezekiel 43:19; Haggai 1:9; Ruth 4:15; Nehemiah 2:18; Ecclesiastes 7:26; before a verb 2 Kings 22:13 (omitted 2 Chronicles 34:21).
• (b) in a negative sentence, at the end: Genesis 7:2; Genesis 17:12; Numbers 17:5; Deuteronomy 17:15 אַשֶׁר לֹא אָחִיךָ הוּא who is not thy brother, Deuteronomy 20:15; Judges 19:12; 1 Kings 8:41 "" 1 Kings 9:20 "".

N.B. Psalm 16:3 אַשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵמָּה is an unparalleled expression for 'who are in the land'; read אֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ הֵמָּה אֲדִירִי וְגָבְהוּ 'the saints that are in the land, they (הֵמָּה) are the nobles, in whom,' etc.

3. First Person Pronouns

sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pronoun of 1 or 2 person as well as of 3 person. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered I who . . ., thou who, etc.; Hosea 14:4 אַשֶׁר בְּךָ יְרֻחָם יָתוּם thou by whom the fatherless is compassionated! Jeremiah 31:32 I, whose covenant they brake, Jeremiah 32:19; Isaiah 49:23; Job 37:17 f. thou whose garments are warm . . ., canst thou? etc., Psalm 71:19; Psalm 71:20; Psalm 144:12 we whose sons, etc., Psalm 139:15 my frame was not hidden from thee, אֲשֶׁר עֻשִּׂיתִי בַסֵּתֶר I who was wrought in secret (= though I was wrought in secret), Exodus 14:13 for ye who have seen the Egyptians to-day, — ye shall not see them again for ever! (compare Psalm 41:9).

4. Dispensing with Defining Adjunct

the defining pron. adjunct is dispensed with — a. when אַשֶׁר represents the simple subject of a sentence, or the direct object of a verb: so constantly, as Genesis 2:1 the work אַשֶׁר עָשָׂה which he made, Genesis 3:3 the tree אַשֶׁר בְּתוֹךְ הַגָּן which is in the midst of the garden, etc. b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אַשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why:

• (α) Genesis 6:4 אֲחֲרֵי כֵן אַשֶׁר afterwards, when, etc. (compare 2 Chronicles 35:20) Genesis 45:6 there are still 5 years אַשֶׁר אֵין חָרִישׁ when there shall be no plowing, Joshua 14:10; 1 Kings 22:25; after יוֹם or הַיּוֹם Deuteronomy 4:10; Judges 4:14; 1 Samuel 24:5 (see Dr) 2 Samuel 19:25; Jeremiah 20:14 and elsewhere; similarly Genesis 40:13.
• (β) Genesis 35:13 בַּמָּקוֹם אַשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אִתּוֹ in the place where he spake with him, Genesis 35:14; Genesis 39:20; Numbers 13:27; Numbers 22:26; Deuteronomy 1:31 in the desert which thou sawest, where (accents Ke Di), Deuteronomy 8:15; 1 Kings 8:9 (unless לֻחוֹת הַבְּרִית has here fallen out: see Dr & Deuteronomy 9:9) Isaiah 55:11; Isaiah 64:10; Psalm 84:4.
• So (γ) in אֶל אַשֶׁר to (the place) which (or whither) Exodus 32:34; Ruth 1:16; אֶל כָּל אַשֶׁר to every (place) whither Joshua 1:16; Proverbs 17:8; בַּאֲשֶׁר in (the place) where Judges 5:27; Judges 17:8,9; 1 Samuel 23:13; 2 Kings 8:1; Ruth 1:16,17; Job 39:30, once only with שָׁם Genesis 21:17; בְּכָל אַשֶׁר wheresoever Joshua 1:7,9; Judges 2:15; 1 Samuel 14:47; 1 Samuel 18:5; 2 Samuel 7:7; 2 Kings 18:7; עַל אַשֶׁר to (the place) whither (or which) 2 Samuel 15:20; 1 Kings 18:12; עַל כָּל אַשֶׁר Jeremiah 1:7.
• (δ) זֶה הַדָּבָר אַשֶׁר this is the reason that or why . . . Joshua 5:4; 1 Kings 11:27.

5. Extreme Instances

c. more extreme instances Leviticus 14:22,30,31; Numbers 6:21; Deuteronomy 7:19 (wherewith), Deuteronomy 28:20; 1 Samuel 2:32 (wherein), 1 Kings 2:26; Judges 8:15 (about whom), Isaiah 8:12 (where יֹאמַר would be followed normally by לוֹ), Isaiah 31:6 turn ye to (him as to) whom they have deeply rebelled, Isaiah 47:15; Zephaniah 3:11; Ecclesiastes 3:9; 1 Kings 14:19 (= how).

6. Poetry Usage

d. it is dispensed with only in appearance after אֵת אַשֶׁר אָמַר (אָמַר תִּי followed by the words used, its place being really taken by a pronoun in the speech which follows, as Genesis 3:17 the tree as to which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat from it, Exodus 22:8; Deuteronomy 28:68; Judges 7:4 (זֶה) Judges 8:15 (where the noun repeated takes the place of the pronoun, compare Deuteronomy 9:2) 1 Samuel 9:17 (זֶה):23 +; compare 2 Samuel 11:16; 2 Kings 17:12; 2 Kings 21:4. 5 אַשֶׁר sometimes in poetry = one who, a man who (men who), ὅστις, οὗτινος, Psalm 24:4; Psalm 55:20; Psalm 95:4; Psalm 95:5; Job 4:19; Job 5:5 (Hi) Job 15:17.

7. Substantive Antecedent Insertion

6 אַשֶׁר occasionally receives its closer definition by a substantive following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the relative clause: (a) in the phrase peculiar to Jeremiah, אֶל יְרוּשָׁלַיִם אֶל אַשֶׁר הָיָה דְבַר יְהוָה that which came (of) the word of יְהוָה to Jeremiah Jeremiah 14:1; Jeremiah 46:1; Jeremiah 47:1; Jeremiah 49:34 (compare Ew § 334); (b) Exodus 25:9; Numbers 33:4; 1 Samuel 25:30; 2 Kings 8:12; 2 Kings 12:6 לְכָל אַשֶׁר יִמְצָא שָׁם בַּדֶּקֶת Ezekiel 12:25; compare the Ethiopic usage Di § 201; (c) (antecedent repeated) Genesis 49:30 = Genesis 50:13, 1 Samuel 25:30 (יְהוָה repeated), Isaiah 54:9 (probably) as to which I sware that, etc., Amos 5:1 which I take up over you (as) a dirge.

8. Genitive Circumlocution

7 אֵת אַשֶׁר לְ that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used a. either alone or preceded by כָּל to express (all) that (belongs) to, as Genesis 14:23 מִכָּל אֲשֶׁר לְךָ of all that is thine, Genesis 31:1 מֵאֲשֶׁר לְאָבִינוּ of that which was our father's, Genesis 32:24 & sent over אֵת אֲשֶׁר לוֹ that which he had, + often b. as a circumlocution of the Genitive, as Genesis 29:9 עִם הַצֹּאן אֲשֶׁר לְאָבִיהָ with the sheep that were her father's, Genesis 40:5; Genesis 47:4; Leviticus 9:8; Judges 6:11; 1 Samuel 25:7 הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְךָ, 2 Samuel 14:31 אֵת הַחֶלְקָה אֲשֶׁר לִי, 2 Samuel 23:8; 1 Kings 1:8,33 עַל הַמִּרְכֶּבֶת אֲשֶׁר לִי upon mine own mule, 1 Kings 1:49; 1 Kings 4:2; 2 Kings 11:10; 2 Kings 16:13; Ruth 2:21; and especially in the case of a compound expression depending on a single Genitive, as Genesis 23:9; Genesis 40:5; Genesis 41:43 מִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁר לוֹ the chariot of the second rank which he had, Exodus 38:30; Judges 3:20; Judges 6:25; 1 Samuel 17:40; 1 Samuel 21:8 אֲבִיר הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל the mightiest of Saul's herdmen, 1 Samuel 24:5 אֵת כְּנַף הַמְּעִיל אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל, 2 Samuel 2:8 Saul's captain of the host, 1 Kings 10:28; 1 Kings 15:20; 1 Kings 22:31; Jeremiah 52:17; Ruth 4:3. c. with names of places (especially such as do not readily admit the stative construct) Judges 18:28; Judges 19:14 הַגִּבְעָה אֲשֶׁר לִבְנֵי יָמִין Gibeah (the hill) of Benjamin, Judges 20:4; 1 Samuel 17:1; 1 Kings 15:27; 1 Kings 16:15; 1 Kings 17:9; 1 Kings 19:3; 2 Kings 14:11. compare שֶׁ (q. v.) which in Rabb, like the Aramaic דִּי, ܐܢܐ, is in habitual use as a mark of the Genitive. — N.B. In Aramaic also דִּי, ܕ, without לְ, expresses the Genitive relation, as מִלְּתָא דִּי מַלְכָּא, literally the word, that of the king = the word of the king. The few apparent cases of a similar use of אַשֶׁר are, however, too foreign to the general usage of the language to be regarded otherwise than as due to textual error: 1 Samuel 13:8 read אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (or שָׁם Exodus 19:5) שְׁמֻאֵל (Dr ἕπεστιν); 1 Kings 11:25 supply עָשָׂה (Dr ἠν ἀπέστειλεν); 2 Kings 25:10 supply אֵת with (as "" Jeremiah 52:14); 2 Chronicles 34:22 read וְאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ (compare Dr) and those whom the king appointed (abbreviated from 2 Kings 22:14); compare Ew § 292 a, b with note.

9. Conjunction Usage

8 אַשֶׁר becomes, like Aramaic דִּי, ܕ, a conjunction approximating in usage to כִּי: thus a. = quod, ὅτι, that, subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc. (a) with אֵת Deuteronomy 9:7 forget not אֵת אֲשֶׁר הִקְצַפְתָּ the fact that (= how) thou provokedst, etc., Deuteronomy 29:15; Joshua 2:10; 1 Samuel 24:11; 1 Samuel 24:19; 2 Samuel 11:20 know ye not אֵת אֲשֶׁר יֹרִים how they shoot from off the wall? 2 Kings 8:12; Isaiah 38:3 #NAME? 1 Kings 14:19; 2 Kings 14:15; 2 Kings 20:20. Of time (peculiarly) 2 Samuel 14:15 עַתָּה אֲשֶׁר now (is it) that . . . Zechariah 8:20 (probably) yet (shall it be) that . . . Zechariah 8:23; compare כִּמְעַט שֶׁ Song of Solomon 3:4. (β) without אֵת (not very common, כִּי being usually employed): after יָדַע Exodus 11:7; Ezekiel 20:26 (very strange in Ezekiel: see Hi) Job 9:5 (Ew De Di) Ecclesiastes 8:12, רָאָה Deuteronomy 1:31 (RV) 1 Samuel 18:15, הִתְוַדָּה to confess Leviticus 5:5; Leviticus 26:40 b, הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1 Kings 22:16 (caused to swear that . . .); after a noun Isaiah 38:7 הָאוֹת אֲשֶׁר the sign that . . . ("" 2 Kings 20:9 כִּי): with growing frequency in late Hebrew, 2 Chronicles 2:7, and especially Nehemiah, Esther: Nehemiah 2:5,10; Nehemiah 7:65 (= Ezra 2:63) Nehemiah 8:14,15; Nehemiah 10:31; Nehemiah 13:1,19,22; Esther 1:19; Esther 2:10; Esther 3:4; Esther 6:2; Esther 8:11; Ecclesiastes 3:22 (מֵאֲשֶׁר) Ecclesiastes 5:4; Ecclesiastes 7:18 (with טוֹב: contrast Ruth 2:22) Ruth 2:22; Ruth 2:29; Ruth 8:12; Ruth 8:14; Ruth 9:1; Daniel 1:8 (twice in verse). (γ) prefixed to a direct citation, like כִּי q. v. (= ὅτι recitativum) (rare) 1 Samuel 15:20; 2 Samuel 1:4; 2 Samuel 2:4 (see Dr) Psalm 10:6 (probably), Nehemiah 4:6. b. it is resolvable into so that: Genesis 11:7 אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִשְׁמְעוּ so that they understand not, etc., Genesis 13:16; Genesis 22:14 אֲשֶׁר יֵאָמֵר so that it is said, Exodus 20:26; Deuteronomy 4:10,40 אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לָכֶם Deuteronomy 6:3; Deuteronomy 28:27,51; 1 Kings 3:12,13; 2 Kings 9:37; Malachi 3:19. c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since: Genesis 30:18; Genesis 31:49 and Mizpah, אֲשֶׁר אָמַר for that he said, Genesis 34:13,27; Genesis 42:21 we are guilty, אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ we who saw (or, in that we saw), Numbers 20:13 Meribah, because they strove there, Deuteronomy 3:24; Joshua 4:7,23; Joshua 22:31; Judges 9:17; 1 Samuel 2:23; 1 Samuel 15:15; 1 Samuel 20:42 go in peace, אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ forasmuch as we have sworn, 1 Samuel 25:26 thou whom (= or, seeing that) יְהוָה hath withholden, 2 Samuel 2:5 blessed are ye of יְהוָה, אֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם, who (οὗτινος) have done (or in that ye have done), 1 Kings 3:19; 1 Kings 15:5; 2 Kings 12:3; 2 Kings 17:4; 2 Kings 23:26; Jeremiah 16:13; Ecclesiastes 8:11,12 (Hi De Now). Here also belongs its use in אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה since why . . . ? (= lest) Daniel 1:10: see below לָמָּה. On אֲשֶׁר עַל כֵּן forasmuch as Job 34:27 see below כִּי עַל כֵּן. d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar): Leviticus 4:22 אֲשֶׁר יֶחֱטָא in (case) that = when (or if) a ruler sinneth (Leviticus 4:3; Leviticus 4:13; Leviticus 4:37 אִם), Numbers 5:29 (explained differently by Ew § 334 a), Deuteronomy 11:27 and the blessing אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְעוּ if ye hearken (Deuteronomy 11:28 אִם), Deuteronomy 18:22 Ges, Joshua 4:21 אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאָלֻן when they ask . . ., then . . . (Joshua 4:6 כִּי), Isaiah 31:4. In 1 Kings 8:33 ("" 2 Chronicles 6:24 כִּי, compare 2 Chronicles 6:35; 2 Chronicles 6:37) אֲשֶׁר may be rendered indifferently because or when. Once, similarly, אֵת אֲשֶׁר 1 Kings 8:31 ("" אִם). e. perhaps (exceptionally) = כַּאֲשֶׁר, as, Jeremiah 33:22; Isaiah 54:9 (followed by כֵּן; but כֵּן q. v. sometimes stands without כַּאֲשֶׁר, & אֲשֶׁר may in these passages connect with what precedes); according to some also Jeremiah 48:8; Psalm 106:34 (in a connection where כַּאֲשֶׁר would be more usual: אֲשֶׁר may however be the object of אָמַר). In 1 Samuel 16:7 אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָאָדָם read כַּאֲשֶׁר, see Dr. f. combined with prepositions, אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions: see below, בַּאֲשֶׁר, כַּאֲשֶׁר, מֵאֲשֶׁר. On its use similarly with (אַחֲרֵי) אַחַר, מִבְּלִי, בְּעָבוּר, עַל דְּבַר, יַעַן, לְמַעַן, כְּפִי, עַד, עַל, עָקֵב, מִמִּנִּי, תַּחַת, see these words. — הָאֲשֶׁר, with ה interrogative, occurs once, 2 Kings 6:22. In Deuteronomy 15:14 also read כַּאֲשֶׁר: note בָּרַכְתָּ before. Note 1 אֲשֶׁר being a connecting link, without any perfectly corresponding equivalent in English, its force is not unfrequently capable of being represented in more than one way. See e.g. 2 Samuel 2:5 (above 8c), Isaiah 28:12 unto whom he said, or for that he said to them. Note 2. The opinion that אֲשֶׁר has an asseverative force (like כִּי, q. v.), or introduces the apodosis, is not probably, being both alien to its general usage & not required by the passages alleged. Render Isaiah 8:20 either 'Surely according to this word will those speak who have no dawn,' or '. . . will they speak when (compare above 8d Deuteronomy 11:27; Joshua 4:21) they have no dawn.'

Compounds

בַּאֲשֶׁר

19 a. in (that) which . . . Isaiah 56:4; Isaiah 65:12; Isaiah 66:4 (above 1); Ecclesiastes 3:9 in (that, in) which (4c); Isaiah 47:12 (see 2). b. adverb in (the place) where: above 4b (γ). c. conjunction in that, inasmuch as, Genesis 39:9,23; Ecclesiastes 7:2; Ecclesiastes 8:4; compare ܒܕܝܠ. d. Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי on account of whom? (בַּאֲשֶׁר לְ on account of, framed on model of Aramaic בְּדִיל: see below שֶׁ).

כַּאֲשֶׁר

see below כְּ.

מֵאֲשֶׁר

17 a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that . . .) Genesis 3:11; Exodus 29:27 (twice in verse); Numbers 6:11 (see Leviticus 4:26; Joshua 10:11; Judges 16:30; Isaiah 47:13 +; than that . . . Ecclesiastes 3:22; לְבַד מֵאֲשֶׁר Esther 4:11. b. adverb from (the place) where: above 4a (β). c. conjunction from (the fact) that . . ., since Isaiah 43:4.

כַּאֲשֶׁר

conjunction according as, as, when (compare for the combined Aramaic כְּדִי, כַּד) — 1 according to that which, according as, as: a. Genesis 34:12 I will give כַּאֲשֶׁר תֹּאמְרוּ אֵלַי according as ye shall (or may) say unto me, Genesis 44:1; Exodus 8:23; Numbers 22:8; 1 Samuel 2:16; Genesis 34:22 if we are circumcised כַּאֲשֶׁר הֵמָּה נְמוֹלִים; Genesis 41:21 כַּאֲשֶׁר בַּתְּחִלָּה as at the beginning, so כֵּן בְּרָאשִׁית Joshua 8:5,6; 2 Samuel 7:10; Exodus 5:13 כַּאֲשֶׁר בִּהְיוֹת הַתָּבֶן Genesis 7:9 they came in two by two כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה אֱלֹהִים אֶת נֹחַ, as God commanded Noah; so, or similarly, very often, especially in P, Genesis 7:16; Genesis 8:21; Genesis 12:4; Genesis 17:23; Genesis 21:1 (twice in verse); Exodus 16:24; Exodus 39:1,5,7; Numbers 3:16,42 etc.; כֵּן כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר Deuteronomy 1:21; Deuteronomy 2:1; Deuteronomy 6:3,19 #NAME? Deuteronomy 1:21. b. answered, for increased emphasis, by כֵּן (compare כְּ 2d), Genesis 50:12 וַיַּעֲשׂוּ כֵּן כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּם, Exodus 7:10,20; Genesis 18:5 (J) כֵּן חַי כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתָּ, Exodus 10:10 (iron.), Amos 5:14 (do.); in opposed to order, Judges 1:7 כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשִׂיתִי, כֵּן שִׁלַּמְתִּי לִי, Exodus 7:6 כֵּן עָשׂוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה, compare Exodus 12:28,50; Exodus 39:43; Numbers 5:4; Numbers 17:26; Numbers 36:10 (all P); with imperfect (frequently) Numbers 2:17 (P) כַּאֲשֶׁר יַחֲנוּ כֵּן יִסָּעוּ; of degree = the more . . . the more, Exodus 1:12 וְכַאֲשֶׁר יְעַנּוּ אֹתוֹ כֵּן יִרְבֶּה וְכֵן יִפְרֹץ, compare Exodus 17:11 (JE) כַּאֲשֶׁר יָרִים מֹשֶׁה יָדוֹ according as he held up, etc., Israel prevailed; in an oath or solemn promise, Numbers 14:28 אִם לֹא כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתֶּם כֵּן אֶעֱשֶׂה, Deuteronomy 28:63 (Jeremiah 31:28), 1 Kings 1:30; Isaiah 10:11; Isaiah 14:24; Isaiah 52:14 f. (see כֵּן 2b). c. answered by וְ (Dr § 127 γ) Exodus 16:34; Numbers 1:19. d. often in similes (followed by imperfect of habit) Exodus 33:11 כַּאֲשֶׁר יְדַבֵּר אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ, Numbers 11:12; Deuteronomy 1:44; Isaiah 9:2; Isaiah 66:20 +, answered by כֵּן Isaiah 31:4; Isaiah 55:10; Isaiah 66:22; Amos 3:12 +; a second verb is, in such cases, in the perfect with וְ consecutive (Dr § 115) Deuteronomy 22:26; Isaiah 29:8 כַּאֲשֶׁר יַחֲלֹם הָרָעֵב וְהִנֵּה אֹכֵל, Isaiah 65:8; Amos 5:19. e. הָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר (compare הָיָה כְּ) to be as if, Job 10:19 כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא הָיִיתִי כֵּן אֶהְיֶה, Zechariah 10:6 וְהָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא זְנַחְתִּים. 2 with a casual force, in so far as, since (German demgemäss dass), Genesis 26:29 if thou doest us no harm כַּאֲשֶׁר לֹא נְגַעֲנוּךָ according as, in so far as, we have not touched thee; Numbers 27:14 כַּאֲשֶׁר מְרִיתֶם פִּי inasmuch as ye have defied my mouth, Judges 6:27; 1 Samuel 28:18 (answered by עַל כֵּן), 2 Kings 17:26; Micah 3:4. 3 with a temporal force, when, Genesis 18:33 and יְהוָה went away כַּאֲשֶׁר כִּלָּה when he had finished, etc., Genesis 32:3; Genesis 32:32; 1 Samuel 8:6; 2 Samuel 12:21 +; answered by וְ (Dr § 127 β), 1 Samuel 6:6; 1 Samuel 12:8; וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר and it came to pass, when . . . Genesis 12:11; Genesis 20:13; Genesis 24:22,52; Exodus 32:19 + often; Genesis 43:14 כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁכַלְתִּי שָׁכָלְתִּי when I am bereaved, I am bereaved! an expression of resignation, so Esther 4:16 כַּאֲשֶׁר אָבַדְתִּי אָבָדְתִּי. Joshua 2:7 אַחֲרֵי כַּאֲשֶׁר is a 'conflate' reading, omit either אַחֲרֵי or כַּאֲשֶׁר. Of future time, Genesis 27:40; Genesis 40:14 כַּאֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לִי, Hosea 7:12; Ecclesiastes 4:17; Ecclesiastes 5:3, and without a verb Isaiah 23:5 כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁמַע לְמִצְרַיִם. — Micah 3:3 כַּאֲשֶׁר is simply as that which, Job 29:25 as one who.

שֶׁ, also (Genesis 6:3 [? see 4a], Judges 5:7 (twice in verse); Song of Solomon 1:7; Job 19:29 [?]) שַׁ, שָׁ in שָׁאַתָּה Judges 6:17, and שְׁ in שְׁהוּא Ecclesiastes 2:22, שְׁהֵם Ecclesiastes 3:18 (elsewhere before guttural שֶׁ, as שֶׁאֲנִי Song of Solomon 1:6; Ecclesiastes 2:18, שֶׁאֲהֵבִים Psalm 146:3, שֶׁעָל Judges 7:12; Judges 8:26, שֶׁרְאֹשִׁי Song of Solomon 5:2), relative particle who, which, that, etc. (constantly in Late Hebrew; Aramaic of Nerab, Ldzb 371, 445; Assyrian sha; Phoenician אש (regularly), also sometimes ש (Ldzb 227f.): according to Ges Ew § 181 b Ol p. 439 Sta § 176 e, abbreviated from אַשֶׁר; more probably (Sperling [see אַשֶׁר], Kö ii. 323 f.) an original demonstrative particle), synonym with אַשֶׁר, but in usage limited to late Hebrew, and passages with north Palestinian colouring, namely Judges 5:7 (twice in verse) [אַשֶׁר Judges 5:27], Judges 6:17; Judges 7:12; Judges 8:26; 2 Kings 6:11 (see 4c), Jonah 1:7,12; Jonah 4:10 [אַשֶׁר 11t.], Psalm 122:3; Psalm 122:4; Psalm 123:2; Psalm 124:1; Psalm 124:2; Psalm 124:6; Psalm 129:6; Psalm 129:7; Psalm 133:2; Psalm 133:3; Psalm 135:2; Psalm 135:8; Psalm 135:10; Psalm 136:23; Psalm 137:8; Psalm 137:9; Psalm 144:15; Psalm 146:3; Psalm 146:5; Lamentations 2:15,16; Lamentations 4:9; Lamentations 5:18; Ezra 8:20; 1 Chronicles 5:20; 1 Chronicles 27:27; Canticles (uniformly, except in title Song of Solomon 1:1); Ecclesiastes (68 t.; אֲשֶׁא 89t.); also (dubious) Genesis 6:3; Genesis 49:10 (שִׁלֹה Dr § 176 e), Job 19:29; and in the proper name (מִי שָׁאֵל and מְתוּשָׁאֵל). — In usage, שֶׁ is in the main parallel with אַשֶׁר, namely 1 as pronoun who, which, whom, Judges 7:12 כָּהוּל שֶׁעָל שְׁפָת הַיָּם (compare חוּל c), Psalm 122:3; Psalm 124:6 etc.; him whom, that which, etc., Song of Solomon 1:7; Song of Solomon 3:1; 1 Chronicles 27:27; Ecclesiastes 1:11; Ecclesiastes 6:3 וְרַב שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לִימָיו and much (verb) is that which his days amount to (Hi De and others), Ecclesiastes 6:10; הוּא שֶׁ that which Ecclesiastes 1:9 (twice in verse); in the Genitive, אֲשֶׁרִי שֶׁ Psalm 137:8; Psalm 137:9; Psalm 146:5. — On מַה שֶׁ in Eccl = whatever, what, see מָה 1e b. 2 as a connecting link; = where (compare אַשֶׁר p. 81, and 4b β), מְקוֹם שֶׁ Ecclesiastes 1:7; Ecclesiastes 11:3 (compare מְקוֹם אַשֶׁר Genesis 39:20 +: Ges § 130c), whither Psalm 122:4 (שֶׁשָׁמָּה Dr § 176 e), when Song of Solomon 8:8; Ecclesiastes 12:3 בַּיּוֹם שֶׁ (compare ib. 4b a). 3 as a conjunction (compare אַשֶׁר 8); — a. that, after רָאָה Ecclesiastes 2:13; Ecclesiastes 3:18, יָרַע Ecclesiastes 1:17; Ecclesiastes 2:14; Ecclesiastes 9:5; Job 19:19 (?), דִּבֵּר Ecclesiastes 2:15, אָמַר Ecclesiastes 8:14, עָשָׂה אוֹת Judges 6:17; as subject of sentence, Ecclesiastes 3:13; Ecclesiastes 5:15; also in the phrases, (a) what is ... that? Song of Solomon 5:9 (usually כִּי; see מָה 1d b), מֶה הָיָה שֶׁ how comes it that ...? Ecclesiastes 7:10; (b) Song of Solomon 3:4 כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתִּי hardly (was it) that (German kaum dass) I had passed, etc., Ecclesiastes 7:14 עַל דִּבַּר שֶׁלֹּא יִמְצָא to the intent that ..., Ecclesiastes 5:15 כָּל עֻמָּת שֶׁבָּא exactly as ..., Ecclesiastes 12:9 תּוֹר שֶׁ besides that, עַד שֶׁ (עַד Dr § 176 e Judges 5:7) until that Psalm 123:2; Song of Solomon 2:7,17 + (see III. עַד II 1 a a and b; compare Late Hebrew Yoma Song of Solomon 5:1), while Song of Solomon 1:12 (ib. 2d); עָשָׂה שֶׁ to make or cause that ..., Ecclesiastes 3:14 (compare Ezekiel 36:27). b. involving a reason (compare אַשֶׁר 8c), because, since, Song of Solomon 1:6 (twice in verse); Song of Solomon 5:2; Ecclesiastes 2:18 b. Hence שֶׁלָּמָּה Song of Solomon 1:7 since why? = lest (see מָה 4d b). 4 compounds: a. בְּשֶׁ, i. q. בַּאֲשֶׁר c (p. 84a) in that, seeing that, Ecclesiastes 2:16; also (according to Dr § 176 e Hu De) Genesis 6:3 בְּשֶׁגָּם הוּא בָשָׂר because that he also is flesh; but see שָׁגָג. b. כְּשֶׁ, i. q. כַּאֲשֶׁר p. 455: — (a) according as Ecclesiastes 5:14; Ecclesiastes 12:7; (b) when (so often in Late Hebrew, as Ab Ecclesiastes 1:8 (3 t. in verse); Ecclesiastes 1:14) Ecclesiastes 9:12; Ecclesiastes 10:3. c. מִשֶׁ, i. q. מֵאֲשֶׁר a (p. 84:a), 2 Kings 6:12 מִי מִשֶׁלָּנוּ who of those that are ours? (but Klo Kmp Kau Benz מְגַלֶּה לָנוּ who betrays us? compare Dr § 176 e); Ecclesiastes 5:4 than that (compare מֵאֲשֶׁר Ecclesiastes 3:22), + Ecclesiastes 2:24 (read מִשֶׁיֹּאכַל with Ew De, etc.; compare Ecclesiastes 3:22). d. שֶׁל, like אַשֶׁר לְ (אַשֶׁר 7b), a mark of the Genitive: thrice, adding slight emphasis to the suffix, Song of Solomon 1:6 = Song of Solomon 8:12 כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי my vineyard (literally my vineyard, which is mine), Song of Solomon 3:7 מִטָּתוֹ שֶׁלִּשְׁלֹמֹה (so often in Late Hebrew, but without any special emphasis, as Aboth Song of Solomon 1:12 הוֹי מְתַלְמִידֵי שֶׁלְאַהֲרֹן be of Aaron's disciples, Song of Solomon 2:1 הוֹי מְתַפַּלֵּל בְּשֶׁלּוֹ, Song of Solomon 2:2; Song of Solomon 3:2 הוֹי מִתְפַּלֵּל בְּשֶׁלָּהֶם; compare ܐܠܗܐ in Syriac, as Luke 6:42 ܒܪܐܠܗܐ my words, Nö § 225). And with בְּ, בְּשֶׁל literally through that which belongs to or concerns, pleonastic for on account of (a late, unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל, from בְּ, דִּי, and לְ, as in Onk Genesis 12:13 בְּדִילִי on my account, Genesis 30:27; Genesis 39:5 בְּדִיל יוֹסֵף, בְּדִיל מָא on account of what? Judges 8:1; 2 Samuel 9:1; 1 Kings 11:12,39, etc.), Jonah 1:7 בְּשֶׁלְּמִי on account of whom? ("" Jonah 1:8 בַּאֲשֶׁר לְמִי; probably a gloss), Jonah 1:12 בְּשֶׁלִּי on account of me (Dr § 176 e בְּדִיל מַן, בְּדִילִי); Ecclesiastes 8:17 בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם on account of (the fact) that (= seeing that) man labours, etc. (unidiomatic translation of Aramaic בְּדִיל דִּי because that, as Genesis 6:3 בְּדִיל דִּי אִינּוּן בִסְרָא, Genesis 39:9 בְּדִיל דִּי אִיתֵית לִי [for Hebrew בַּאֲשֶׁר אֵת אִשְׁתּוֹ]; Palmyrene בדיל די Ldzb 233, — in Tariff Genesis 1:4 (Cooke N. Semitic Inscr. 320) = ἐπίδη). [שֹׁא] see [שׁוּא].

¹ Tsepreghi Diss. Lugd. p. 171 Mühlau Bö. Lb. ii. 79 n. Sta Morg. Forsch. 1875, 188; Lb. § 167 Hom ZMG 1878, 708 ff. Müll § 153 Sayce Hebraica. ii. 51 Lag M. i. 255 & especially Krae Hebraica. vi. 298 ff.

² Phi St. C. 73 Sperling Nota Rel. im Hebr. 1876, 15-22.

³ Nö ZMG 1886, 738.

⁴ Ew § 334.

⁵ Dr.

⁶ Hi.

⁷ Ew De Di.

⁸ Ew De.

⁹ Ew § 334 a.

¹⁰ Hu De.

¹¹ Dr § 176 e.

¹² Kö ii. 323 f.

¹³ Ges Ew § 181 b Ol p. 439 Sta § 176 e.

¹⁴ Dr § 176 e.

¹⁵ Hi De and others.

¹⁶ Dr § 176 e.

¹⁷ Klo Kmp Kau Benz.

¹⁸ Ew De, etc.

¹⁹ Nö § 225.

²⁰ Cooke N. Semitic Inscr. 320.

Conjunction

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0834a:

No stats available

משפטו מִשְׁפָּטוֹ

judgments of himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

משפט

mishpâṭ

Definition

properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style

Root

from H8199 (שפט);

Exhaustive

from שפט; properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style; [phrase] adversary, ceremony, charge, [idiom] crime, custom, desert, determination, discretion, disposing, due, fashion, form, to be judged, judgment, just(-ice, -ly), (manner of) law(-ful), manner, measure, (due) order, ordinance, right, sentence, usest, [idiom] worthy, [phrase] wrong.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4941

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִשְׁפָּט

masculine noun • Root שפט • Strongs / High • Page 924

A multi-faceted term meaning: a cause or suit; a sentence or decision of a judge; a legal precept or rule; guilt or crime; a right, law, or custom; what belongs to someone (e.g., wages, privilege); usage, manner, or condition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִשְׁפָּט

noun masculine • Page 417

5. a right, privilege; e.g. מִשְׁפַּט הַגְּאֻלָּה the right of redemption, Jer. 32:7; מִשְׁפַּט הַמֶּלֶךְ the right or prerogative of the king, 1 Sam. 8:9, 11. Particularly what belongs to any one by law, Deut. 18:3; מִשְׁפַּט הַכֹּהֲנִים what belongs to the priests, i. e. their due, 1 Sam. 2:13. 6. right, righteousness, justice, i. q. צֶדֶק. Deut. 32:4. 7. a law, i. q. חֹק. Ex. 21:1. 24:3; particularly a divine law, Lev. 18:4, 5, 26. 8. a custom, usage. 1 K. 18:28. 9. a mode, manner. Ex. 26:30. 2 K. 1:7. Judg. 13:12.

מִשְׁפָּט

noun masculine • Root שפט • Page 416

1. judgment, the act of judging. Lev. 19: 15. 2. a judgment, judicial decision. 1 K. 3: 28. 3. guilt, liability to punishment. Ezek. 7: 23. 4. a cause, a suit at law. Num. 27: 5.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4941

I. מִשְׁפָּט (approximate number of occurrences: 422) noun masculine^{Genesis 40:13} — judgment.

— מִשְׁפָּט absolute Exodus 21:31 (203 times), + לְשְִׁ֯מָּט Ezekiel 44:24 (but read Kt לִשְׁמֹּט with ᵐ5 ᵑ7 ᵑ6 Co and others); construct מִשְׁמַּט Exodus 23:6 (50 times); suffix מִשְׁמָּטִי Isaiah 40:27 +; מִשְׁמָּטָם Jeremiah 49:12 +; מִשְׁמָּטָן Numbers 27:5; plural מִשְׁמָּטִים Jeremiah 4:12 (34 times); suffix מִשְׁמָּטֶיךָ Deuteronomy 33:10 + etc.

1. Judgment

a. Act of deciding a case

• מִשְׁפָּט belongeth to God Deuteronomy 1:17, is from him Proverbs 16:33; Proverbs 29:26
• אֱלֹהֵי הַמִּשְׁפָּט Malachi 2:17
• חֹשֶׁן מִשְׁפָּט Exodus 28:15 the pouch of judgment, so Exodus 28:29; Exodus 28:30 (Priests' Code); worn on heart of Aaron Exodus 28:30 (Priests' Code)
• (+ צֶדֶק) Deuteronomy 16:18
• הֵבִין מִשְׁפָּט Job 32:9
• שָׁפַט מִשְׁפָּט 1 Kings 3:28; עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּט 1 Kings 3:28
• דְּבַר הַמִּשְׁפָּט Deuteronomy 17:9; 2 Chronicles 19:6
• רוּחַ מִשְׁפָּט Isaiah 28:6
• בְּמִשְׁפָּט Leviticus 19:15, 35 (Holiness Code); Deuteronomy 1:17; Proverbs 16:10; Proverbs 24:23
• בְּמִשְׁפַּט הָאוּרִים Numbers 27:21 (Priests' Code)
• לַמִּשְׁפָּט Numbers 35:12; Joshua 20:6 (Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 17:8; Judges 4:5; 2 Samuel 15:2, 6; 2 Chronicles 19:8; Isaiah 34:5; Isaiah 41:1; Isaiah 54:17; Isaiah 59:11; Habakkuk 1:12; Malachi 3:5; Psalm 9:8; Psalm 35:23; Psalm 76:10; Psalm 122:5; Job 9:19

b. Place, court seat of judgment

• Deuteronomy 25:1
• 1 Kings 7:7
• Isaiah 28:6
• Ecclesiastes 3:16

c. Process, procedure, litigation before judges

• הֵבִיא בַמִּשְׁפָּט Job 14:3; Ecclesiastes 11:9; Ecclesiastes 12:14
• בָּא בַמִּשְׁפָּט (+ עִם) Isaiah 3:14; Job 22:4; (+ אֶת) Psalm 143:2; (+ יַחְדָּו) Job 9:32
• עָמַד בַּמִּשְׁפָּט Job 34:23; compare Ezekiel 34:16; Psalm 112:5
• plural דִּבֶּר מִשְׁפָּטִים (+ אֶת) litigate with Jeremiah 1:16; Jeremiah 4:12; Jeremiah 12:1; Jeremiah 39:5 = Jeremiah 52:9
• singular מִשְׁפָּט in parallel 2 Kings 25:6 (by error)

d. Case or cause presented for judgment

• בַּעַל מִשְׁפָּט Isaiah 50:8
• עָרַךְ מִשְׁפָּט Job 13:18; Job 23:4
• שָׁמַע מִשְׁפָּט 1 Kings 3:11
• שָׁפַט מִשְׁפָּט Lamentations 3:59; compare Numbers 27:5 (Priests' Code); 2 Samuel 15:4

e. Sentence, decision of judgment

• כֵּן מִשְׁפָּטֶךָ 1 Kings 20:40 thus is thy sentence
• עֵת וּמִשְׁפָּט Ecclesiastes 8:5–6 time and sentence
• עַל מִשְׁפָּט Deuteronomy 17:11 according to the sentence
• מִשְׁפַּט מָוֶת Deuteronomy 19:6; Deuteronomy 21:22; Jeremiah 26:11, 16
• מִשְׁפַּט דָּמִים Ezekiel 7:23; compare Habakkuk 1:4; Psalm 7:7; Psalm 17:2; Ezekiel 23:45
• plural מִשְׁפְּטֵי נְאֻפוֹת Ezekiel 16:68
• Hosea 6:5 read singular מִשְׁפָּטִי כָאוֹר for מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ אוֹר after ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7

f. Execution of judgment

• In general, עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּט (+ בֵּין) Jeremiah 7:5; Ezekiel 18:8; compare Deuteronomy 32:41; Zephaniah 3:8
• (+ בְּ) against Psalm 119:84; Psalm 149:9; בְּ omitted Psalm 9:17; Ezekiel 39:21
• בָּא אֶל מִשְׁפָּט Jeremiah 48:21; בְּרוּחַ מִשְׁפָּט Isaiah 4:4; מִשְׁפַּט מוֹאָב Jeremiah 48:47; compare Isaiah 53:8; Jeremiah 51:9; Hosea 5:1, 11; Hosea 10:4; Job 36:17
• plural Isaiah 26:8–9; Ezekiel 5:8; Zephaniah 3:15; Psalm 10:5
• In favour of: עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּטִי Micah 7:9; Psalm 9:5; מִשְׁפָּט לַעֲשׁוּקִים Psalm 146:7; דִּין מִשְׁפָּט וְהִצִּיל Jeremiah 21:12; compare Zechariah 7:9; Zechariah 8:16
• plural Psalm 48:12 = Psalm 97:8; 1 Chronicles 16:12, 14

g. Time of judgment

• לֹא יָקֻמוּ בַמִּשְׁפָּט Psalm 1:5 (late; probably judgment of the resurrection)

2. Attribute of the שֹׁפֵט, justice, right, rectitude

a. Of God

• אֱלֹהֵי מִשְׁפָּט Isaiah 30:18
• הֲשֹׁפֵט כָּל־הָאָרֶץ לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה מִשְׁפָּט Genesis 18:25 (Jehovist Source); compare Job 40:8; Deuteronomy 32:4; Psalm 111:7
• He loves it: Psalm 33:5; Psalm 37:28; Psalm 99:4
• (+ צֶדֶק) Hosea 2:21; Psalm 89:15 = Psalm 97:2
• Will not pervert it: Job 8:3; Job 34:12; compare Job 37:23
• כְּמִשְׁפָּטֶךָ Psalm 119:149 (parallel חַסְדֶּךָ)
• מִשְׁפָּטְךָ תְּהוֹם רַבָּה Psalm 36:7

b. Of man

• אַשְׁרֵי שֹׁמְרֵי מִשְׁפָּט Psalm 106:3 (parallel צְדָקָה)
• Tongue of the wise speaketh מִשְׁפָּט Psalm 37:30; thoughts Proverbs 12:5
• Put on מִשְׁפָּט as robe Job 29:14; chosen Job 34:4
• עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּט: required by God Micah 6:8; Isaiah 1:17; Isaiah 56:1; Isaiah 61:8
• Joy of the righteous Proverbs 21:15; rulers should know it Micah 3:1; Proverbs 29:4
• Wicked ruler שֹׂנֵא מִשְׁפָּט Job 34:17; abhors it Micah 3:9; compare Proverbs 19:28; Proverbs 21:7; Proverbs 28:5

3. Ordinance

Promulgated by שֹׁפֵט:

• Law of king: 1 Samuel 8:9, 11; 1 Samuel 10:25
• Levitical ordinances: Leviticus 5:10; Leviticus 9:16 (13 times in Priests' Code); 1 Chronicles 15:13; 1 Chronicles 24:19; 2 Chronicles 4:7, 20; 8:14; 35:13; Nehemiah 8:18
• חֹק וּמִשְׁפָּט Exodus 15:25; Joshua 24:25 (Elohist Source); 1 Samuel 30:25; compare Psalm 81:5
• חֻקַּת מִשְׁפָּט Numbers 27:11; Numbers 35:29 (Priests' Code)
• Divine law in general: מִשְׁפַּט יהוה Jeremiah 8:7; מִשְׁפַּט אֱלֹהִים Isaiah 58:2; Jeremiah 5:4, 5 (parallel דֶּרֶךְ); compare Psalm 25:9
• Parallel תּוֹרָה: Isaiah 42:4; Isaiah 51:4; Ezra 7:10; compare Zephaniah 2:3; Psalm 119:43; Psalm 119:160
• Plural of particular ordinances: Deuteronomy 33:10, 21; Isaiah 58:2; Ezekiel 44:24; Psalm 19:10; Psalm 119:7 (16 times); Psalm 147:20

4. Decision of the שֹׁפֵט in a case of law

(See Briggs¹):

• Singular of particular decision: Exodus 21:31 (Elohist Source)
• Plural of series of decisions: Exodus 21:1; Exodus 24:3 (Jehovist-Elohist); Deuteronomy 7:12
• In combination, חֻקִּים וּמִשְׁפָּטִים: Deuteronomy 4:1, 5, 8, 14, 45 +; in Holiness Code and after, חֻקּוֹת וּמִשְׁפָּטִים Leviticus 18:4, 5, 26; Leviticus 19:37 +
• Other combinations, redactional and later: Leviticus 26:46; Numbers 36:13; Deuteronomy 30:16; 2 Kings 17:37; 2 Chronicles 33:8; Nehemiah 9:13; Psalm 18:23; Psalm 89:31; Psalm 147:19

5. One's (legal) right, privilege, due

• מִשְׁפַּט הַכֹּהֲנִים Deuteronomy 18:3 due of the priests
• מִשְׁפַּט הַבְּכֹרָה Deuteronomy 21:17
• מִשְׁפַּט הַגְּאֻלָּה Jeremiah 32:7 right of redemption; מִשְׁפַּט הַיְרֻשָּׁה Jeremiah 32:8
• הִטָּה מִשְׁפָּט Exodus 23:6 (Elohist Source) wrest right, so Deuteronomy 16:19; 24:17; 27:19; 1 Samuel 8:3; Lamentations 3:35; Proverbs 18:5
• מִשְׁפַּט יְתוֹם Deuteronomy 10:18; מִשְׁפַּט אֶבְיוֹן Exodus 23:6 (Elohist Source); Jeremiah 5:28; Psalm 140:13
• מִשְׁפַּט עֲנִיִּים Isaiah 10:2; Job 36:6
• הֵסִיר מִשְׁפָּטִי Job 27:2; Job 34:5; compare Isaiah 40:27; Isaiah 49:4

6. Fitting measure, custom, plan

a. Proper, fitting, measure

• 1 Kings 5:8
• Fitness in nature: Isaiah 28:26; Isaiah 40:14 (compare Dillmann²)

b. Custom, manner

• מִשְׁפַּט הַכֹּהֲנִים 1 Samuel 2:13 custom of the priests (or rightful due, according to Thenius, Wellhausen, Driver)
• מִשְׁפָּטוֹ 1 Samuel 27:11 his (David's) custom
• מִשְׁפַּט הַגּוֹיִם 2 Kings 17:33 manner of the nations; compare 2 Kings 17:26–27
• כְּמִשְׁפָּט after the manner, fashion: Genesis 40:13; Exodus 21:9 (Elohist Source); Judges 18:7; 1 Kings 18:28; 2 Kings 11:14; 2 Kings 17:34; 1 Chronicles 6:17; Ezekiel 42:11; Psalm 119:132

c. "What manner of"

• מַה־מִּשְׁפַּט Judges 13:12 what manner of a boy; compare 2 Kings 1:7

d. Plan

• Of the tabernacle: Exodus 26:30 (Priests' Code)
• Temple: 1 Kings 6:38
• Palace: Jeremiah 30:18

¹ C. A. Briggs, Higher Criticism of the Hexateuch, 252 sq.

² A. Dillmann, Commentary on Isaiah.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: κρίμα κρίσιν κρίματα κρίσει κρίσισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4941:

κρίμα 87× (21.4%)

κρίσιν 68× (16.7%)

κρίματα 41× (9.1%)

κρίσει 20× (4.6%)

κρίσισ 19× (4.6%)

κρίματά 16× (3.4%)

κρίσεωσ 14× (3.5%)

δικαίωμα 14× (3.1%)

δικαιώματά 13× (2.7%)

κρίσεισ 10× (2.2%)

פעלו פָּעָלוּ

act/work of himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פעל

pâʻal

Definition

to do or make (systematically and habitually), especially to practise

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to do or make (systematically and habitually), especially to practise; commit, (evil-) do(-er), make(-r), ordain, work(-er).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6466

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פָּעַל

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1183

The stem פָּעַל = עָשָׂה is likewise found in the other Semitic dialects... means to cut into, to divide, then to form, to create, to make, as in בָּרָא.

פָּעַל

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1183

(part. פֹּעֵל, fut. יִפְעַל) tr. poet. for עָשָׂה to make (of an iron-smith); to fashion, an idol; to create; to put in order, prepare; to strengthen; to practise; to accomplish; to do.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פָּעַל

verb • Page 549

1. to make, do, prepare. Ex. 15:15; 17. Deut. 32:27. Ps. 7:14. 2. used particularly in reference to moral actions; as doing righteousness, Ps. 15:2. evildoers, Ps. 5:6. Construed with לְ, to do or show a person, either good, Job 22:17. Ps. 31:20. or evil, Job 7:20.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6466

I. מָּעַל (approximate number of occurrences: 57) verb — do, make (in poetry for עָשָׂה).

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew מּוֺעֵל (workman)
• Jewish-Aramaic פְּעַל
• Phoenician פעל
• Arabic فعل
• Old Aramaic פעל
• Syriac (in derived species and derivatives)

— Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular Deuteronomy 32:27 +, פָּעַל אֵל Numbers 23:23; 2 masculine singular מָּעַלְתָּ Exodus 15:17 + etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִפְעַל Job 22:17 +; 2 masculine singular תִּפְעָל Job 35:6 etc.; Infinitive construct לְפָעֳלָם Job 37:12; Participle active מֹּעֵל Psalm 15:2 +, construct plural מֹּעֲלֵי Psalm 5:6 + etc.

1. do

a. of God, with accusative

• Numbers 23:23
• Deuteronomy 32:27
• Job 33:29
• יְשׁוּעוֺת Psalm 74:12
• (+ ל person) Psalm 31:20; Psalm 68:29; Isaiah 26:12; Job 22:17
• with accusative of cognate meaning מֹּעַל Psalm 44:2; Habakkuk 1:5
• accusative omitted Isaiah 43:13, compare Isaiah 41:4

b. of men, with accusative

• Psalm 11:3
• Job 11:8
• (+ ל person (God)) Job 7:20
• (+ ב person (God)) Job 35:6
• especially of doing evil: שָׁקֶר Hosea 7:1; עָוֶל Job 34:32; עַוְלָה Job 36:23; Psalm 58:3; Psalm 119:3; אָוֶן Proverbs 30:20
• especially מֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן Hosea 6:8; Isaiah 31:2; Job 31:3; Job 34:8, 22; Psalm 5:6 + 15 times in Psalms; Proverbs 10:29; Proverbs 21:15
• מֹּעֲלֵי רָע Micah 2:1
• rarely of doing right, with accusative מִשְׁמָּטוֺ Zephaniah 2:3, צֶדֶק Psalm 15:2

c. of clouds, with accusative

• Job 37:12

2. make

a. of God, with accusative concrete

• Exodus 15:17
• (+ ל of thing) Proverbs 16:4
• (+ ל of 2nd object) Psalm 7:16
• מֹּעֲלִי Job 36:3 my Maker

b. of man, with accusative concrete

• Isaiah 44:12, 15
• accusative omitted Isaiah 44:12; Psalm 7:16

— Isaiah 1:31 see מֹּעַל.

Verb Qal perfect third person common plural

LXX: ἐργαζόμενοι ἐργαζομένων εἰργάσατο ---% ἐργαζομένουσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6466:

ἐργαζόμενοι 9× (12.9%)

ἐργαζομένων 5× (7.4%)

εἰργάσατο 4× (6.8%)

---% 4× (5.0%)

ἐργαζομένουσ 3× (4.6%)

ἐργάζεσθε 2× (3.4%)

κατειργάσω 2× (3.4%)

ἐποίησεν 2× (3.4%)

ἐργαζομένοισ 2× (3.1%)

ἔργα 2× (2.9%)

בקשו בַּקְּשׁוּ־

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בקש

bâqash

Definition

to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after; ask, beg, beseech, desire, enquire, get, make inquisition, procure, (make) request, require, seek (for).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1245

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קַשׁ

noun masculine • Root קשש • Consonantal / Low • Page 1302

Dry straw, stubble, chaff; a figure of the worthless and contemptible.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בָּקַשׁ

verb • Page 112

1. to seek, quaero. Gen. 37:15, 16. 1 Sam. 10:14. to seek after, inquire into, Job 10:6. Construed with an infin. with and without ל, Ex. 2:15. 4:24. 1 Sam. 19:2. Jer. 26:21.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1245

I. בָּקַשׁ (approximate number of occurrences: 224) verb — seek.

Cognates:

• Phoenician בקש

— Pi`el Perfect בִּקֵּשׁ Deuteronomy 13:11 (15 times); בִּקְשָׁה Ecclesiastes 7:28, Esther 2:15; suffix בִּקְשָׁתַם Hosea 2:9; בִּקַּשְׁתִּיו Songs 3:1, 2; compare Songs 5:6; בִּקְשׁוּ Ezra 2:62 (12 times); suffix בִּקְשֻׁנִי Isaiah 65:1 (2 times); Imperfect יְבַקֵשׁ Joshua 22:23 (37 times); יְבַקֶּשֿׁ Proverbs 15:14 (2 times); אֲבַקְשָׁה Psalm 122:9 (3 times); suffix יְבַקְשֵׁהוּ 1 Samuel 23:14 (7 times); יְבַקְשׁוּ 1 Samuel 16:16 (23 times); Imperative בַקֵּשׁ 1 Samuel 9:3 (3 times); בַּקְּשׁוּ 1 Samuel 28:7 (8 times); Infinitive לְבַקֵּשׁ 1 Samuel 10:2 (29 times); Participle מְבַקֵּשׁ Genesis 37:16 (23 times); plural מְבַקְשִׁים Exodus 10:11 (38 times).

1. Seek to find

a. Absolute

• Judges 6:29
• 2 Kings 2:17
• Jeremiah 5:1
• Ezekiel 34:6
• Ecclesiastes 3:6
• Ecclesiastes 8:17 (yet see Ew²)

b. Accusative

• Genesis 37:15, 16
• Joshua 2:22 (Yahwist Source)
• Judges 4:22
• Judges 14:4
• 1 Samuel 9:3
• 1 Samuel 10:2, 14, 21
• 1 Samuel 16:16
• 1 Samuel 23:14, 25
• 1 Samuel 24:3
• 1 Samuel 26:2
• 1 Samuel 27:1, 4 + 1 Samuel 26:20 object a flea, but read נַפְשִׁי (ᵐ5¹ Th³ We⁴ Kirkp⁵ Klo⁶ Dr⁷)
• 2 Samuel 17:3, 20
• 1 Kings 1:3
• 1 Kings 2:40
• 1 Kings 18:10
• 2 Kings 2:16
• 2 Kings 6:19
• 1 Chronicles 4:39
• 2 Chronicles 22:9
• Ezra 2:62 (= Nehemiah 7:64)
• Nehemiah 12:27
• Psalm 37:25, 36
• Psalm 119:176
• Proverbs 2:4
• Proverbs 21:6
• Proverbs 23:35
• Proverbs 7:28
• Songs 3:1, 2
• Songs 5:6
• Songs 6:1
• Isaiah 41:12, 17
• Jeremiah 2:24, 33
• Lamentations 1:11
• Ezekiel 7:25
• Ezekiel 22:30
• Ezekiel 34:4, 16
• Hosea 2:9
• Nahum 3:11
• Zechariah 11:16
• Malachi 2:15

c. With לְ

• Job 10:6

d. Accusative of thing לְ person

• Judges 18:1
• 1 Samuel 13:14
• 1 Samuel 28:7
• 1 Kings 1:2
• Ruth 3:1
• Esther 2:2
• Psalm 122:9
• Isaiah 40:20
• Lamentations 1:19
• Nahum 3:7

2. Seek to secure

a. Accusative

• The priesthood Numbers 16:10 (Priests' Code)
• David for king 2 Samuel 3:17
• In battle 2 Samuel 5:17 (= 1 Chronicles 14:8)
• Psalm 27:4
• Jeremiah 45:5
• בקשׁ נפשׁ seek to take one's life: Exodus 4:19 (Yahwist Source), 1 Samuel 20:1, 1 Samuel 22:23, 1 Samuel 23:15, 1 Samuel 25:29, 2 Samuel 4:8, 2 Samuel 16:11, 1 Kings 19:10, 14, Psalm 35:4, Psalm 38:13, Psalm 40:15, Psalm 54:5, Psalm 63:10, Psalm 70:3, Psalm 86:14, Proverbs 29:10, Jeremiah 4:30, Jeremiah 11:21, Jeremiah 19:7, 9, Jeremiah 21:7, Jeremiah 22:25, Jeremiah 34:20, 21, Jeremiah 38:16, Jeremiah 44:30, Jeremiah 46:26, Jeremiah 49:37

b. Aim at, practise

• בקשׁ רעה seek hurt of: Numbers 35:23 (Priests' Code), 1 Samuel 24:10, 1 Samuel 25:26 (with אֶל), 1 Kings 20:7, Psalm 71:13, 24, Esther 9:2
• כזב בּ׳ Psalm 4:3
• שׁבר Proverbs 17:19
• רצון Proverbs 11:27
• טובה Nehemiah 2:10
• אמונה Jeremiah 5:1
• צדק, ענוה Zephaniah 2:3
• שׁלום Psalm 34:15
• חכמה Proverbs 14:6, Ecclesiastes 7:25
• בינה Daniel 8:15
• דעת Proverbs 15:14, 18:15
• תורה Malachi 2:7
• אהבה Proverbs 17:9
• תאוה Proverbs 18:1 (with ל)
• חשׁבנות Ecclesiastes 7:29

c. Infinitive

• Exodus 4:24 (Yahwist Source)
• Jeremiah 26:21

d. לְ & Infinitive

• Genesis 43:30
• Exodus 2:15
• Exodus 10:11 (Yahwist/Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 13:11
• 1 Samuel 14:4
• 1 Samuel 19:2, 10
• 1 Samuel 23:10
• 2 Samuel 20:19
• 2 Samuel 21:2
• 1 Kings 11:22, 40
• Esther 2:21
• Esther 3:6
• Esther 6:2
• Psalm 37:22
• Ecclesiastes 12:10
• Zechariah 6:7
• Zechariah 12:9

3. Seek the face

a. Of rulers

• 1 Kings 10:24 (= 2 Chronicles 9:23)
• Proverbs 29:26

b. Of God (from resorting to sacred places)

• Hosea 5:15
• 1 Chronicles 16:11 (= Psalm 105:4)
• 2 Chronicles 7:14
• 2 Samuel 21:1
• Psalm 24:6
• Psalm 27:8

c. Without מְּנֵי

• Of יהוה: Deuteronomy 4:29, Zephaniah 1:6, Zephaniah 2:3, Hosea 3:5, Hosea 5:6, Exodus 33:7 (Yahwist Source), 1 Chronicles 16:10 (= Psalm 105:3), 2 Chronicles 11:16, 20:4, Isaiah 51:1, Proverbs 28:5, Zechariah 8:21, 22, Jeremiah 50:4
• Of אלהים: 2 Samuel 12:16, compare Ezekiel 8:22, Isaiah 45:19, Isaiah 65:1, 2 Chronicles 15:4, 15, Hosea 7:10, Jeremiah 29:13, Malachi 3:1, Psalm 40:17, Psalm 70:5, Psalm 69:7, Daniel 9:3
• Of דבר י׳: Amos 8:12
• Of שׁמך: Psalm 83:17

d. Followed by Infinitive with לְ

• Of resort to wizards: Leviticus 19:31 (Holiness Code)

4. Desire, demand

a. Accusative

• 1 Chronicles 21:3

b. Accusative of thing מִן person

• Ezekiel 7:26
• Daniel 1:20

5. Require, exact

a. Requirement

• Accusative of thing מִיַּד person Isaiah 1:12
• מִן person Nehemiah 5:12
• Accusative of thing Nehemiah 5:18

b. Exact equivalent or penalty

• Accusative of thing, מִיַּד person Genesis 31:39, Genesis 43:9 (Yahwist/Elohist Source), 1 Samuel 20:16, 2 Samuel 4:11, Ezekiel 3:18, 20, Ezekiel 33:8, compare דרשׁ
• No object expressed Joshua 22:23 (Priests' Code)

6. Ask, request (late)

• Accusative of thing Esther 2:15
• עַל of thing Nehemiah 2:4
• עַל of thing מִן person Esther 7:7, Ezra 8:23
• עַל of thing מִלִּפְנֵי person Esther 4:8
• Accusative of thing מִן person Daniel 1:8, Psalm 104:21
• מִן person 2 Chronicles 20:4

Pu`al Imperfect יְבֻקַּשׁ Jeremiah 50:20; וַיְבֻקַּשׁ Esther 2:23; תֲּבֻקְשִׁי Ezekiel 26:21 — be sought.

¹ ᵐ5: Septuagint.

² Ew: Heinrich Ewald, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache.

³ Th: Otto Thenius, Die Bücher Samuels erklärt.

⁴ We: Julius Wellhausen, Der Text der Bücher Samuelis.

⁵ Kirkp: A. F. Kirkpatrick, The First and Second Books of Samuel.

⁶ Klo: August Klostermann, Die Bücher Samuelis und der Könige.

⁷ Dr: S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel.

Verb Piel imperative second person masculine plural

LXX: ζητεῖ ζητῆσαι ἐζήτησαν ζητοῦντεσ ζητεῖν

LXX Usage Statistics

H1245:

ζητεῖ 15× (7.0%)

ζητῆσαι 13× (5.5%)

ἐζήτησαν 12× (5.4%)

ζητοῦντεσ 12× (4.8%)

ζητεῖν 10× (4.6%)

ἐζήτει 9× (3.8%)

ζητήσω 9× (4.2%)

ἐζήτησεν 8× (3.5%)

ζητεῖσ 8× (3.8%)

ζητήσατε 7× (3.1%)

צדק צֶדֶק

just-one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

צדק

tsedeq

Definition

the right (natural, moral or legal); also (abstractly) equity or (figuratively) prosperity

Root

from H6663 (צדק);

Exhaustive

from צדק; the right (natural, moral or legal); also (abstractly) equity or (figuratively) prosperity; [idiom] even, ([idiom] that which is altogether) just(-ice), (un-)right(-eous) (cause, -ly, -ness).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6664

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צֶ֫דֶק

m. prop. • Root צדק • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1217

Power; hence authority, victory; might; faithfulness, constancy; security; justness; legality, suitableness; right, justice; truth; honesty; religious life or conduct; salvation, prosperity, blessing, as a consequence of righteousness. Also: mildness, goodness, liberality, pious deeds.

Matched via consonantal key only

צֶ֫דֶק

verb intransitive • Root צדק • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1217

Same as Hebrew (preceding entry).

Matched via consonantal key only

צִדַּק

pih. verb • Root צדק • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1216

Pi'el: to justify, to make appear just, to declare just, to justify oneself.

Matched via consonantal key only

צָדַק

verb • Root צדק • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1216

(Intransitive verb) Prop. to be firm, hard; 1. to be strong, powerful, authoritative, to conquer, to be established, determined. 2. (Commonly) to be verified, reliable, faithful, true, upright, innocent, to be in the right, to be justified.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צֶדֶק

noun masculine • Root צדק • Page 563

1. Straightness (Ps. 23:3). 2. What is right, right (Job 36:3). 3. Righteousness (of a judge, of Jehovah). Ps. 35:24. 4. Innocency, blamelessness (Ps. 37:6). 5. Truth (Ps. 52:5). 6. Deliverance, salvation, prosperity, as the consequence of righteousness (Is. 45:8).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6664

I. צֶ֫דֶק (approximate number of occurrences: 116) noun masculine^{Isaiah 1:21} — rightness, righteousness.

— צֶ֫דֶק absolute Leviticus 19:36 (87 times); suffix צִדְקִי Isaiah 41:10 (8 times), etc.

1. What is right, just, normal; rightness, justness

Of weights and measures, אֵיפָה, אֶבֶן שְׁלֵמָה וָצֶדֶק Deuteronomy 25:15 a perfect and a just weight, ephah; מֹאזְנֵי צֶדֶק; אַבְנֵי צֶדֶק, אֵיפַת צֶדֶק, הִין צֶדֶק, בַּת צֶדֶק Leviticus 19:36 (Holiness Code) Job 31:6; Ezekiel 45:10; מַעְגְּלֵי צֶדֶק right paths Psalm 23:3; זִבְחֵי צֶדֶק right peace-offerings Deuteronomy 33:19; Psalm 4:6; Psalm 51:21.

2. Righteousness in government

a. of judges, rulers, kings

• שָׁפַט בְּצֶדֶק Leviticus 19:15 (Holiness Code)
• שָׁפַט צֶדֶק Deuteronomy 1:16; Proverbs 31:9
• מִשְׁפַּט צֶדֶק Deuteronomy 16:18
• רָדַף צֶדֶק Deuteronomy 16:20
• חֹקֵק צֶדֶק Proverbs 8:15
• מָלַךְ לְצֶדֶק Isaiah 32:1
• דִּבֶּר צֶדֶק Psalm 58:2
• Also Proverbs 25:5; Psalm 94:15; Ecclesiastes 5:7

b. of law

• as מִשְׁפָּטִים Isaiah 58:2; Psalm 119:7, 62, 75, 106, 160 (Septuagint¹, but Massoretic Text² מִשְׁפַּט), 164
• as עֵדוֹת Psalm 119:138, 144
• as מִצְוֺת Psalm 119:172

c. of Davidic king, Messiah

• Isaiah 11:4–5; Isaiah 16:5; Psalm 45:5
• דִּין בְּצֶדֶק Psalm 72:2

d. of Jerusalem, as seat of just government

• עִיר הַצֶּדֶק Isaiah 1:26 city of righteousness
• נְוֵה צֶדֶק Jeremiah 31:23; Jeremiah 50:7 (possibly these reflect an original god צֶדֶק, see מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק)
• צֶדֶק יָלִין בָּהּ Isaiah 1:21 righteousness used to lodge in her
• compare מְקוֹם הַצֶּדֶק Ecclesiastes 3:16 the place of righteousness

e. of God's attribute as sovereign

• Job 36:3, husband of Israel Hosea 2:21
• צֶדֶק his personified agent Psalm 85:11, 12, 14
• foundation of his throne Psalm 89:15 = Psalm 97:2
• in his government Psalm 9:9; Psalm 65:6; Psalm 96:13 = Psalm 98:9
• promise Isaiah 45:19, administration of justice Job 8:3; Jeremiah 11:20; Psalm 7:18; Psalm 48:11; Psalm 50:6 = Psalm 97:6
• vindication of his people Psalm 9:5; Psalm 35:24, 28
• raising up Cyrus Isaiah 45:13, calling his servant Isaiah 42:6
• אֱלֹהֵי צִדְקִי Psalm 4:2 God of my righteousness (who vindicates me)
• his צֶדֶק is everlasting Psalm 119:142

3. Righteousness, justice in a case or cause

• Job 6:29; Job 8:6; Job 29:14; Psalm 35:27; Isaiah 59:4
• God שָׁפַט כְּצֶדֶק Psalm 7:9 judges according to righteousness
• גָּמַל כְּצֶדֶק Psalm 18:21; הֵשִׁיב כְּצֶדֶק Psalm 18:25
• שָׁמַע צֶדֶק Psalm 17:1; הוֹצִיא צֶדֶק Psalm 37:6

4. Rightness in speech

• דִּבֶּר צֶדֶק Psalm 52:5 (opposed to שֶׁקֶר)
• יַגִּיד צֶדֶק Proverbs 12:17
• כָּל אִמְרֵי פִי בְצֶדֶק Proverbs 8:8
• שִׂפְתֵי צֶדֶק Proverbs 16:13

5. Righteousness as ethically right

• Job 35:2; Psalm 17:15; Psalm 45:8; Proverbs 1:3; Proverbs 2:9
• Ecclesiastes 7:15; Jeremiah 22:13; Ezekiel 3:20
• Hosea 10:12 (read פְּרִי צֶדֶק, so Septuagint¹ Wellhausen³ Nowack⁴)
• צֶדֶק עֹלָמִים Daniel 9:24
• עָשָׂה צֶדֶק Isaiah 64:4; Psalm 119:121
• פָּעַל צֶדֶק Psalm 15:2
• לָמַד צֶדֶק Isaiah 26:6, 10
• בִּקֵּשׁ צֶדֶק Zephaniah 2:3; רָדַף צֶדֶק Isaiah 51:1; יָדַע צֶדֶק Isaiah 51:7

6. Righteousness as vindicated, deliverance, victory, prosperity

a. of God as covenant-keeping, in redemption

• בִּימִין צִדְקִי Isaiah 41:10, parallel with יֵשַׁע Isaiah 45:8; Isaiah 51:5, compare Isaiah 42:21
• בִּשַּׂר צֶדֶק Psalm 40:10; אִמְרַת צֶדֶק Psalm 119:123

b. in name

• יהוה צִדְקֵנוּ, of Messianic king (vindicating people's cause and giving victory) Jeremiah 23:6; of city Jeremiah 33:16

c. of people as enjoying salvation

• parallel with יְשׁוּעָה Isaiah 62:1; parallel with כָּבוֹד Isaiah 58:8; Isaiah 62:2
• כֹּהֲנִים יִלְבְּשׁוּ צֶדֶק Psalm 132:9
• שַׁעֲרֵי צֶדֶק Psalm 118:19
• אֵילֵי הַצֶּדֶק Isaiah 61:3

d. of Cyrus

• יִקְרָאֵהוּ לְרַגְלוֹ צֶדֶק Isaiah 41:2 (who) in victory calleth him at every step (Cheyne⁵ on whose steps attends victory, so Dillmann⁶ Duhm⁷)

¹ Septuagint (LXX).

² Massoretic Text.

³ Julius Wellhausen.

⁴ Wilhelm Nowack.

⁵ T. K. Cheyne in "Sacred Books of the Old Testament" (Haupt).

⁶ August Dillmann.

⁷ Bernhard Duhm.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: δικαιοσύνην δικαιοσύνησ δικαιοσύνη δικαιοσύνῃ δίκαιον

LXX Usage Statistics

H6664:

δικαιοσύνην 32× (26.7%)

δικαιοσύνησ 24× (20.1%)

δικαιοσύνη 14× (12.1%)

δικαιοσύνῃ 11× (8.6%)

δίκαιον 8× (6.6%)

δίκαιοσ 6× (5.4%)

δίκαια 4× (3.6%)

δικαίωσ 4× (3.6%)

δικαίαν 2× (1.8%)

κρίσιν 2× (1.8%)

בקשו בַּקְּשׁוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בקש

bâqash

Definition

to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after; ask, beg, beseech, desire, enquire, get, make inquisition, procure, (make) request, require, seek (for).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1245

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קַשׁ

noun masculine • Root קשש • Consonantal / Low • Page 1302

Dry straw, stubble, chaff; a figure of the worthless and contemptible.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בָּקַשׁ

verb • Page 112

1. to seek, quaero. Gen. 37:15, 16. 1 Sam. 10:14. to seek after, inquire into, Job 10:6. Construed with an infin. with and without ל, Ex. 2:15. 4:24. 1 Sam. 19:2. Jer. 26:21.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1245

I. בָּקַשׁ (approximate number of occurrences: 224) verb — seek.

Cognates:

• Phoenician בקש

— Pi`el Perfect בִּקֵּשׁ Deuteronomy 13:11 (15 times); בִּקְשָׁה Ecclesiastes 7:28, Esther 2:15; suffix בִּקְשָׁתַם Hosea 2:9; בִּקַּשְׁתִּיו Songs 3:1, 2; compare Songs 5:6; בִּקְשׁוּ Ezra 2:62 (12 times); suffix בִּקְשֻׁנִי Isaiah 65:1 (2 times); Imperfect יְבַקֵשׁ Joshua 22:23 (37 times); יְבַקֶּשֿׁ Proverbs 15:14 (2 times); אֲבַקְשָׁה Psalm 122:9 (3 times); suffix יְבַקְשֵׁהוּ 1 Samuel 23:14 (7 times); יְבַקְשׁוּ 1 Samuel 16:16 (23 times); Imperative בַקֵּשׁ 1 Samuel 9:3 (3 times); בַּקְּשׁוּ 1 Samuel 28:7 (8 times); Infinitive לְבַקֵּשׁ 1 Samuel 10:2 (29 times); Participle מְבַקֵּשׁ Genesis 37:16 (23 times); plural מְבַקְשִׁים Exodus 10:11 (38 times).

1. Seek to find

a. Absolute

• Judges 6:29
• 2 Kings 2:17
• Jeremiah 5:1
• Ezekiel 34:6
• Ecclesiastes 3:6
• Ecclesiastes 8:17 (yet see Ew²)

b. Accusative

• Genesis 37:15, 16
• Joshua 2:22 (Yahwist Source)
• Judges 4:22
• Judges 14:4
• 1 Samuel 9:3
• 1 Samuel 10:2, 14, 21
• 1 Samuel 16:16
• 1 Samuel 23:14, 25
• 1 Samuel 24:3
• 1 Samuel 26:2
• 1 Samuel 27:1, 4 + 1 Samuel 26:20 object a flea, but read נַפְשִׁי (ᵐ5¹ Th³ We⁴ Kirkp⁵ Klo⁶ Dr⁷)
• 2 Samuel 17:3, 20
• 1 Kings 1:3
• 1 Kings 2:40
• 1 Kings 18:10
• 2 Kings 2:16
• 2 Kings 6:19
• 1 Chronicles 4:39
• 2 Chronicles 22:9
• Ezra 2:62 (= Nehemiah 7:64)
• Nehemiah 12:27
• Psalm 37:25, 36
• Psalm 119:176
• Proverbs 2:4
• Proverbs 21:6
• Proverbs 23:35
• Proverbs 7:28
• Songs 3:1, 2
• Songs 5:6
• Songs 6:1
• Isaiah 41:12, 17
• Jeremiah 2:24, 33
• Lamentations 1:11
• Ezekiel 7:25
• Ezekiel 22:30
• Ezekiel 34:4, 16
• Hosea 2:9
• Nahum 3:11
• Zechariah 11:16
• Malachi 2:15

c. With לְ

• Job 10:6

d. Accusative of thing לְ person

• Judges 18:1
• 1 Samuel 13:14
• 1 Samuel 28:7
• 1 Kings 1:2
• Ruth 3:1
• Esther 2:2
• Psalm 122:9
• Isaiah 40:20
• Lamentations 1:19
• Nahum 3:7

2. Seek to secure

a. Accusative

• The priesthood Numbers 16:10 (Priests' Code)
• David for king 2 Samuel 3:17
• In battle 2 Samuel 5:17 (= 1 Chronicles 14:8)
• Psalm 27:4
• Jeremiah 45:5
• בקשׁ נפשׁ seek to take one's life: Exodus 4:19 (Yahwist Source), 1 Samuel 20:1, 1 Samuel 22:23, 1 Samuel 23:15, 1 Samuel 25:29, 2 Samuel 4:8, 2 Samuel 16:11, 1 Kings 19:10, 14, Psalm 35:4, Psalm 38:13, Psalm 40:15, Psalm 54:5, Psalm 63:10, Psalm 70:3, Psalm 86:14, Proverbs 29:10, Jeremiah 4:30, Jeremiah 11:21, Jeremiah 19:7, 9, Jeremiah 21:7, Jeremiah 22:25, Jeremiah 34:20, 21, Jeremiah 38:16, Jeremiah 44:30, Jeremiah 46:26, Jeremiah 49:37

b. Aim at, practise

• בקשׁ רעה seek hurt of: Numbers 35:23 (Priests' Code), 1 Samuel 24:10, 1 Samuel 25:26 (with אֶל), 1 Kings 20:7, Psalm 71:13, 24, Esther 9:2
• כזב בּ׳ Psalm 4:3
• שׁבר Proverbs 17:19
• רצון Proverbs 11:27
• טובה Nehemiah 2:10
• אמונה Jeremiah 5:1
• צדק, ענוה Zephaniah 2:3
• שׁלום Psalm 34:15
• חכמה Proverbs 14:6, Ecclesiastes 7:25
• בינה Daniel 8:15
• דעת Proverbs 15:14, 18:15
• תורה Malachi 2:7
• אהבה Proverbs 17:9
• תאוה Proverbs 18:1 (with ל)
• חשׁבנות Ecclesiastes 7:29

c. Infinitive

• Exodus 4:24 (Yahwist Source)
• Jeremiah 26:21

d. לְ & Infinitive

• Genesis 43:30
• Exodus 2:15
• Exodus 10:11 (Yahwist/Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 13:11
• 1 Samuel 14:4
• 1 Samuel 19:2, 10
• 1 Samuel 23:10
• 2 Samuel 20:19
• 2 Samuel 21:2
• 1 Kings 11:22, 40
• Esther 2:21
• Esther 3:6
• Esther 6:2
• Psalm 37:22
• Ecclesiastes 12:10
• Zechariah 6:7
• Zechariah 12:9

3. Seek the face

a. Of rulers

• 1 Kings 10:24 (= 2 Chronicles 9:23)
• Proverbs 29:26

b. Of God (from resorting to sacred places)

• Hosea 5:15
• 1 Chronicles 16:11 (= Psalm 105:4)
• 2 Chronicles 7:14
• 2 Samuel 21:1
• Psalm 24:6
• Psalm 27:8

c. Without מְּנֵי

• Of יהוה: Deuteronomy 4:29, Zephaniah 1:6, Zephaniah 2:3, Hosea 3:5, Hosea 5:6, Exodus 33:7 (Yahwist Source), 1 Chronicles 16:10 (= Psalm 105:3), 2 Chronicles 11:16, 20:4, Isaiah 51:1, Proverbs 28:5, Zechariah 8:21, 22, Jeremiah 50:4
• Of אלהים: 2 Samuel 12:16, compare Ezekiel 8:22, Isaiah 45:19, Isaiah 65:1, 2 Chronicles 15:4, 15, Hosea 7:10, Jeremiah 29:13, Malachi 3:1, Psalm 40:17, Psalm 70:5, Psalm 69:7, Daniel 9:3
• Of דבר י׳: Amos 8:12
• Of שׁמך: Psalm 83:17

d. Followed by Infinitive with לְ

• Of resort to wizards: Leviticus 19:31 (Holiness Code)

4. Desire, demand

a. Accusative

• 1 Chronicles 21:3

b. Accusative of thing מִן person

• Ezekiel 7:26
• Daniel 1:20

5. Require, exact

a. Requirement

• Accusative of thing מִיַּד person Isaiah 1:12
• מִן person Nehemiah 5:12
• Accusative of thing Nehemiah 5:18

b. Exact equivalent or penalty

• Accusative of thing, מִיַּד person Genesis 31:39, Genesis 43:9 (Yahwist/Elohist Source), 1 Samuel 20:16, 2 Samuel 4:11, Ezekiel 3:18, 20, Ezekiel 33:8, compare דרשׁ
• No object expressed Joshua 22:23 (Priests' Code)

6. Ask, request (late)

• Accusative of thing Esther 2:15
• עַל of thing Nehemiah 2:4
• עַל of thing מִן person Esther 7:7, Ezra 8:23
• עַל of thing מִלִּפְנֵי person Esther 4:8
• Accusative of thing מִן person Daniel 1:8, Psalm 104:21
• מִן person 2 Chronicles 20:4

Pu`al Imperfect יְבֻקַּשׁ Jeremiah 50:20; וַיְבֻקַּשׁ Esther 2:23; תֲּבֻקְשִׁי Ezekiel 26:21 — be sought.

¹ ᵐ5: Septuagint.

² Ew: Heinrich Ewald, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache.

³ Th: Otto Thenius, Die Bücher Samuels erklärt.

⁴ We: Julius Wellhausen, Der Text der Bücher Samuelis.

⁵ Kirkp: A. F. Kirkpatrick, The First and Second Books of Samuel.

⁶ Klo: August Klostermann, Die Bücher Samuelis und der Könige.

⁷ Dr: S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel.

Verb Piel imperative second person masculine plural

LXX: ζητεῖ ζητῆσαι ἐζήτησαν ζητοῦντεσ ζητεῖν

LXX Usage Statistics

H1245:

ζητεῖ 15× (7.0%)

ζητῆσαι 13× (5.5%)

ἐζήτησαν 12× (5.4%)

ζητοῦντεσ 12× (4.8%)

ζητεῖν 10× (4.6%)

ἐζήτει 9× (3.8%)

ζητήσω 9× (4.2%)

ἐζήτησεν 8× (3.5%)

ζητεῖσ 8× (3.8%)

ζητήσατε 7× (3.1%)

ענוה עֲנָוָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ענוה

ʻănâvâh

Definition

condescension, human and subjective (modesty), or divine and objective (clemency)

Root

from H6035 (ענו);

Exhaustive

from ענו; condescension, human and subjective (modesty), or divine and objective (clemency); gentleness, humility, meekness.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6038

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֲנָוָה

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 1112

1. humility, modesty (from עָנָה II.); 2. hearing, granting, help, perhaps mildness, clemency (from עָנָה I.).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֲנָוָה

noun feminine • Root ענה • Page 517

1. humility (Prov. 15:33, 18:12). 2. mildness, goodness, spoken of God (Ps. 18:36). Strictly the fem. of עָנָו.

Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H6038:

No stats available

אולי אוּלַי

maybe

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אולי

ʼûwlay

Definition

if not; hence perhaps

Root

or (shortened) אלי; from H176 (או);

Exhaustive

or (shortened) אלי; from או; if not; hence perhaps; if so be, may be, peradventure, unless.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H194

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אוּלַי

noun proper • Strongs_Numbers • Page 77

Name of the river Eulaeus (Ulai), by which Susa is surrounded.

אוּלַי

adv. and conj. • Strongs_Numbers • Page 77

If not, unless; perhaps; if perhaps; whether perhaps.

אוּלַי

noun proper • Strongs_Numbers • Page 753

Equals אִירִי (Num. 22, 33), showing Aleph/Lamed interchange

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוּלַי

adverb • Page 31

Perhaps, Gen. 16:2. 24:5. if perhaps, Hos. 8:7.

אוּלַי

proper noun • Page 31

Eulæus, a river flowing by Susa in Persia. Dan. 8: 2.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H194

II. אֻלַי (44 times) and (Genesis 24:39) אֻלַי adverb (perhaps from אוֹ & לַי = לְיָה, לְאָה, as in לֻלְאָה, = or not¹) — peradventure, perhaps.

1. peradventure, perhaps; usually expressing a hope, as Genesis 16:2; Numbers 22:6, 11; Numbers 23:3; 1 Samuel 6:5; Jeremiah 20:10; but also a fear or doubt, as Genesis 27:12; Job 1:5, followed by לֹא Genesis 24:5, 39; in mockery Isaiah 47:12; Jeremiah 51:8.
2. followed by another clause asyndetically (without conjunction), it expresses virtually the protasis = if peradventure Genesis 18:24, 28 (compare Genesis 18:29–32) Hosea 8:7 the blade shall yield no meal; אֻלַי יַעֲשֶׂה זָרִים יִבְלָעֻהוּ if perchance it yield, strangers shall swallow it up.
3. in Numbers 22:33 לֻלְאָה (quod vide (which see)) must be read; unless she had turned aside from me, surely, etc.

¹ Sign of doubt.

Adverb

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0194:

No stats available

תסתרו תִּסָּתְרוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

סתר

çâthar

Definition

to hide (by covering), literally or figuratively

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to hide (by covering), literally or figuratively; be absent, keep close, conceal, hide (self), (keep) secret, [idiom] surely.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5641

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

סָתַר

verb • Root סתר • Strongs / High • Page 1040

To hide oneself, to keep oneself hidden, i.e., apart; to be imperceptible. As Hebr. סָתַר to hide, to cover, to keep secret.

סָתַר

verb • Root סתר • Strongs / High • Page 1040

II. (Aram. tr.) To cast asunder, to destroy, to reduce to ruins, disjicere, destruere; metaphor: to refute.

סָתַר

verb • Root סתר • Strongs / High • Page 1039

(Kal not used) tr. to cover, to veil, to close up, hide, conceal; to keep secret, to keep in ignorance; to protect or cover about (of a shield); also reflex. to cover, protect, secure oneself, to hide oneself.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

סָתַר

verb • Page 483

To hide or conceal one's self.

סָתַר

verb • Root סתר • Page 484

To hide, conceal. Appears in various stems: Kal (Prov. 22:3); Niph. to be concealed (Job 3:23, Ps. 38:10, Is. 40:27) or to hide one's self (1 Sam. 20:5, Ps. 55:13, Gen. 4:14); Pi. to hide, conceal (Is. 16:3); Pu. to be concealed, secret (Prov. 27:5); Hiph. (הִסְתִּיר) to cover, hide (Ex. 3:6, Is. 53:3, Ps. 10:11) or to keep secret (1 Sam. 20:2); Hithpa. (הִסְתַּתֵּר) to hide one's self (1 Sam. 23:19, 26:1, Is. 29:14).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5641

I. סָתַר (approximate number of occurrences: 82) verb — hide, conceal.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew סָתַר (idem)
• Aramaic סְתַר
• Syriac סתַר
• Arabic ستر¹
• Ethiopic ሰተረ²

— Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נִסְתָּ֑ר Proverbs 27:12 + Proverbs 22:3 Qr (Kt וַיִּסָּתֵר); 2 masculine singular נִסְתַּ֫רְתָּ 1 Samuel 20:19; 1 plural נִסְתָּ֑רְנוּ Isaiah 28:15; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִסָּתֵר Hosea 13:14; 1 singular אֶסָּתֵר Genesis 4:14; 3 masculine plural יִסָּֽתְרוּ Amos 9:3; 1 plural נִסָּתֵר Genesis 31:49; Imperative masculine singular הִסָּתֵר Jeremiah 36:19; Infinitive construct לְהִסָּ֫תֶר שָׁם Job 34:22; Participle נִסְתָּר Psalm 19:7; plural נִסְתָּרִים Deuteronomy 7:20; feminine plural נִסְתָּרֹת Deuteronomy 29:28, נִסְתָּרוֹת Psalm 19:13.

1. Hide oneself

With בְּ local:

• 1 Samuel 20:5, 24
• 1 Kings 17:3
• Jeremiah 23:24
• figurative Isaiah 28:15

With שָׁם:

• 1 Samuel 20:19
• Job 34:22

Absolute and with persons:

• Jeremiah 36:19
• Proverbs 22:3; 27:12; 28:28
• Psalm 89:47
• (+ מִמְּנֵי) Deuteronomy 7:20; Job 13:20
• (+ מִן) Psalm 55:13

2. Be hid, concealed

Especially figurative of escaping God's notice:

• Genesis 4:14 (Jehovist Source)
• Jeremiah 16:17
• Amos 9:3 (+ מִנֶּגֶד עֵינַי)
• Isaiah 65:16 (+ מֵעֵינַי)
• Hosea 13:14 (subject נֹחַם, i.e. I will not repent)
• Psalm 38:10; Isaiah 40:27
• Psalm 19:7 (from heat of sun)
• Job 28:21 (of place of wisdom)
• Genesis 31:49 (Jehovist Source) we are hidden each from the other
• Numbers 5:13; Job 3:23; Zephaniah 2:3
• Participle hidden, secret things: Deuteronomy 29:28; Psalm 19:13 (of sins)

— Pi`el Imperative feminine singular סַתְּרִי Isaiah 16:3 carefully hide (i.e. shelter) the outcasts.

— Pu`al Participle feminine singular אַהֲבָה מְסֻתָּ֑רֶת Proverbs 27:5 love carefully concealed.

— Hithpa`el Imperfect 3 feminine singular תִּסְתַּתָּ֑ר Isaiah 29:14; Participle מִסְתַּתֵּר 1 Samuel 23:19 (3 times); — hide oneself carefully, of David's taking refuge with (עִם) Ziphites 1 Samuel 23:19 = Psalm 54:1; in (בְּ) a hill 1 Samuel 26:1; Isaiah 45:15 a God that completely hides himself.

— Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הִסְתִּיר Psalm 10:11; Psalm 22:24; 2 masculine singular הִסְתַּ֫רְתָּ Psalm 30:7; Isaiah 64:6; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַסְתִּיר 1 Samuel 20:2, וַיַּסְתֵּר Exodus 3:6; Job 3:10, suffix יַסְתִּרֵ֫נִי Psalm 27:5, וַיַּסְתִּרֵם Jeremiah 36:26; Imperative masculine singular הַסְתֵּר Psalm 51:9; Infinitive absolute הַסְתֵּר Deuteronomy 31:18; Infinitive construct הַסְתֵּר Proverbs 25:2⁴; Participle מַסְתִּיר Isaiah 8:17; — conceal, hide:

1. A person or thing

• From (מִמְּנֵי) enemy: 2 Kings 11:2; 2 Chronicles 22:11
• Subject God, with מִן: Psalm 64:2; Jeremiah 36:26
• General concealment: 1 Samuel 20:2; Proverbs 25:2; Isaiah 29:15
• Shelter/metaphor: Job 14:13; Psalm 17:8; Psalm 27:5; Psalm 31:20
• Other uses: Job 3:10 (toil); Psalm 119:19 (commands); Isaiah 49:2 (arrow in quiver)

2. Hide the face

a. Literally

• Exodus 3:6 (Elohist Source)

b. Of God not observing sin

• Psalm 51:11; Psalm 10:11

c. Of God withdrawing favour

• Micah 3:4; Isaiah 8:17; Isaiah 54:8; Isaiah 64:6
• Deuteronomy 31:17; Deuteronomy 32:20
• Jeremiah 33:5; Ezekiel 39:23–29
• Psalm 13:1; 22:24; 27:9; 69:17; 88:14; 102:2; 143:7
• Absolute: Deuteronomy 31:18; Job 13:24; Job 34:29; Psalm 30:7
• Avoiding shame: Isaiah 50:6

Aramaic

I. [סְתַר] verb Pa`el hide (Biblical Hebrew סָתַר).

• Passive participle feminine plural emphatic מְסַתְּרָתָא Daniel 2:22 the hidden things.

¹ Edward William Lane, Arabic-English Lexicon (1863).

² August Dillmann, Lexicon linguae aethiopicae (1865).

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

⁴ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

Verb Niphal imperfect second person masculine plural

LXX: ἀπέστρεψα ἀποστρέψῃσ ἀπέστρεψεν ἀποστρέψω ἐκρύβη

LXX Usage Statistics

H5641:

ἀπέστρεψα 6× (6.9%)

ἀποστρέψῃσ 4× (5.0%)

ἀπέστρεψεν 4× (5.0%)

ἀποστρέψω 4× (4.8%)

ἐκρύβη 3× (3.8%)

κέκρυπται 3× (3.8%)

κρυβήσομαι 3× (3.6%)

---% 3× (3.0%)

ἀποστρέψεισ 2× (2.5%)

ἀπέστρεψασ 2× (2.5%)

ביום בְּיוֹם

within the Manifestation/Day

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יום

yôwm

Definition

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)

Root

from an unused root meaning to be hot;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb); age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3117

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יוֹם

noun masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 595

brightness, splendour, shining, light. hence 1. the day (the period of light), opposed to night; can also mean mid-day. 2. the civil day, including night.

יוֹם

noun masculine • Root יום • Strongs / High • Page 596

Day; also used metaphorically for a specific time or event, such as birth-day, day of punishment, day of death, the present time, or the end of life.

יוֹם

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root יום • Strongs / High • Page 596

Aramaic (Chaldee) word for 'day', with the same variety of senses as the Hebrew.

יוֹם

noun / masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 612

1. clearness, light. 2. day (including the night). The plural form יָמִים can also mean a short time, an indefinite time, or a long time.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יוֹם

m. prim. dec. i. • Page 277

1. day. Phrases: הַיּוֹם (this day; to-day, 1 Sam. 12:17); בְּיוֹם (on the day when, Gen 2:17); כְּיוֹם (now, Gen. 25:31); יוֹם יוֹם (daily, Neh. 8:18); מִיּוֹם (from the day on, Ex. 10:6). Special uses: a day of misfortune (Obad. 12), a day of prosperity or festival (Hos. 7:5), and the day of Jehovah/judgment (Joel 1:15). 2. time generally (Gen. 39: 11).

יוֹם

noun masculine • Page 278

Day. (1) Specially days of one's life (Gen. 6:3, Gen. 43:9, Sam. 25:28). (2) Time generally (Gen. 47:8, Ex. 2:11, Judg. 18:1). (3) Some or several days (Neh. 1:4, Dan. 8:27, Gen. 40:4). (4) A year (Lev. 25:29, Judg. 17:10, 1 Sam. 2:19).

יוֹם

m. chald. • Page 278

Day, as in Heb. Plural יוֹמִין, emphatic יוֹמַיָּא. (Ezra 4:15, 19).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3117

I. יוֺם (approximate number of occurrences: 2285) noun masculine — day.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic יומָא
• Phoenician ים
• Moabite Inscription¹ ימן
• Siloam Inscription² ים
• Zinjirli יום
• Palmyrene יום
• Arabic يوم
• Ethiopic ዮም
• Sabean יום, ים
• Assyrian ummu, ûmu

— יוֺם absolute Genesis 1:5 +; construct Genesis 2:4 +; suffix יוֺמְךָ Jeremiah 50:31; יוֺמוֺ Exodus 5:13 (22 times); יוֺמָם Jeremiah 50:27; dual יוֺמַ֫יִם Exodus 21:21, יוֺמָ֑יִם Exodus 16:29; plural יָמִים Genesis 4:3 +; יָמִין (Aramaic form) Daniel 12:13; construct יְמֵי Genesis 3:14 +; יְמוֺת Deuteronomy 32:7, Psalm 90:15; suffix יָמַי Job 7:6 + etc.

1. Day, opposed to night

• Genesis 7:12, 14; Genesis 8:22 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 1:5, 14, 16, 18 (Priestly Code)
• חֹם הַיּוֺם the heat of the day Genesis 18:1 (Jehovist Source); 1 Samuel 11:11
• עוֺד גָּדוֺל הַיּוֺם the day is still high Genesis 29:7 (Jehovist Source)
• רוּחַ הַיּוֺם cool of the day Genesis 3:8
• מַחֲצִית הַיּוֺם mid-day Nehemiah 8:3
• עַד נְטוֺת הַיּוֺם until the declining of the day Judges 19:8

2. Day as division of time

a. Working-day

• Exodus 20:9–10 (Elohist Source) = Deuteronomy 5:18
• יְמֵי הַמַּעֲשֶׂה Ezekiel 46:1

b. Day's journey

• דֶּרֶךְ יוֺם Numbers 11:31 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים a three days' journey Genesis 30:36; Exodus 3:18 (Jehovist Source)

c. Duration of acts or states

• forty days Genesis 7:17; Genesis 8:6 (Jehovist Source)
• שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים לַיְלָה וָיוֺם Esther 4:16

e. Day of month

• Genesis 7:11; Genesis 8:4, 14 (Priestly Code)
• Haggai 1:1, 15

f. Defined by substantive or clause

• יוֺם הַשֶּׁלֶג the snowy day 2 Samuel 23:20
• יוֺם הֻלֶּדֶת birthday Genesis 40:20 (Elohist Source)

i. Holy day

• יוֺם הַשַּׁבָּת the sabbath day Exodus 20:8 (Elohist Source)
• יוֺם הַכִּמֻּרים Leviticus 23:27

3. Day of Yahweh

יוֺם יְהוָה day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment:

• Amos 5:18, 20
• Zephaniah 1:7, 14
• יוֺם עֶבְרַת יְהוָה Zephaniah 1:18
• יוֺם נָקָם Isaiah 34:8

4. Plural: days as lifetime or age

• Genesis 6:3 (Jehovist Source)
• כָּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ all the days of thy life Genesis 3:14, 17 (Jehovist Source)
• בָּא בַּיָּמִים advanced in days (age) Genesis 18:11; Genesis 24:1 (Jehovist Source)
• אֹרֶךְ יָמִים length of days Proverbs 3:2, 16

5. Indefinite or ancient time

• יָמִים אֲחָדִים some days, a few days Genesis 27:44 (Jehovist Source)
• יְמוֺת עוֺלָם days of old Deuteronomy 32:7
• יְמֵי קֶדֶם Micah 7:20
• אַחֲרִית הַיּוֺם coming time Proverbs 31:25

6. Time or Year

• חֹדֶשׁ יָמִים a month of time Genesis 29:14 (Jehovist Source)
• זֶבַךְ הַיָּמִים yearly sacrifice 1 Samuel 1:21; 2:19
• מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה from year to year, yearly Exodus 13:10 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

7. Particular Phrases

a. Today

• הַיּוֺם to-day Genesis 4:14; Genesis 31:43

c. Lo! days are coming

• הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים Amos 4:2; Jeremiah 7:32

f. Always / Continually

feminine כָּל הַיָּמִים always, continually:

• Genesis 43:9 (Jehovist Source)
• Deuteronomy 4:40; Deuteronomy 6:24

g. On a particular day

• בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא on that day Genesis 15:18
• עַד הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה until this day Genesis 26:33 (Jehovist Source); Joshua 4:9

h. As daily

masculine עַל יוֺם טוֺב upon a good day 1 Samuel 25:8.

¹ MI: Moabite Inscription (Mesha Stele).

² SI: Siloam Inscription.

³ COT: Eberhard Schrader, The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament).

⁴ J: Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁵ E: Elohist Source.

⁶ P: Priestly Code / Narrative.

⁷ D: Deuteronomic Source.

⁸ H: Holiness Code.

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: ἡμέρᾳ ἡμέρασ σήμερον ἡμέραν ἡμερῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3117:

ἡμέρᾳ 574× (20.2%)

ἡμέρασ 571× (23.8%)

σήμερον 204× (9.1%)

ἡμέραν 171× (6.9%)

ἡμερῶν 153× (6.4%)

ἡμέρα 135× (5.4%)

ἡμέραισ 133× (4.6%)

ἡμέραι 116× (4.7%)

--- 51× (2.4%)

'' 46× (1.8%)

אף אַף־

yea/a nostril/anger

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אף

ʼaph

Definition

properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire

Root

from H599 (אנף);

Exhaustive

from אנף; properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire; anger(-gry), [phrase] before, countenance, face, [phrase] forebearing, forehead, [phrase] (long-) suffering, nose, nostril, snout, [idiom] worthy, wrath.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H639

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַף

noun masculine • Root אנף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 171

Properly the projecting, the prominent; the nose as the prominent thing of the face; anger (conceived of as a snorting of the nose); face.

אַף

preposition / conj. • Strongs_Numbers • Page 172

Properly a preposition meaning 'with', 'at', 'to', 'before', 'toward'. As a conjunction it signifies 'also', 'likewise', 'even', 'yea', 'how much more' (a fortiori). It is often used to make pronouns or particles emphatic. When reduplicated (אַף ... אַף) it means 'as well ... as also'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אַף

conj. prim. • Page 64

1. also. 2. and. 3. yea rather. 4. but, yet. 5. how much less. 6. literally also when; how much more (after affirmation) or how much less (after negation).

אַף

chald. • Page 65

Chald. idem. (likewise, also). Dan. 6: 23.

אַף

noun masculine • Root אנף • Page 65

1. nose; pride of nose, i. e. of countenance (Ps. 10: 4); the breathing of the nose, i. e. anger (Job. 4: 9). 2. anger (Prov. 22: 24). 3. face, countenance (Gen. 3: 19). 4. two persons (1 Sam. 1: 5).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H639

I. אַף (approximate number of occurrences: 277) noun masculine Genesis 30:2 — nostril, nose, face, anger.

Cognates:

• Assyrian appu (face; Flood iii. 27, 29; compare Paul Haupt¹, Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament², Glossaries)
• Arabic أنف (nose)
• Ethiopic አፍ (nose)
• Aramaic ܐܦܝܢ, אַנְפִּין (face)

— אַף absolute Psalm 78:21 +; construct Genesis 27:45 +; suffix אַפִּי Exodus 22:23 +, etc.; dual אַפַּיִם Proverbs 14:17 +; אַפָּיו Genesis 2:7 + etc.; — In Hexateuch Jehovist (Yahwist) Source, Elohist Source (Joshua 7:1 Priests' Code / Narrative? Joshua 23:16 Deuteronomic).

1. Physical Meanings

a. Nostril, as organ of breathing

• Genesis 2:7
• Genesis 7:22
• Job 27:3; compare Numbers 11:20
• 2 Samuel 22:9 = Psalm 18:9; compare Isaiah 65:5
• Isaiah 2:22
• Lamentations 4:20
• Ezekiel 38:18 (strike out C. H. Cornill)
• Amos 4:10
• ר֣וּחַ אַפֶּ֑יךָ (of יְהוָ֑ה) i.e. wind Exodus 15:8; compare נִשְׁמַת ר֣וּחַ אַפּ֑וֹ 2 Samuel 22:16 = Psalm 18:16 (see also below 3)

b. Nose, singular

• Canticles 7:5, 7:9
• Ezekiel 8:17
• Ezekiel 23:25
• Proverbs 30:33 (where play upon different meaning of אַף & אַפַּיִם)
• As organ of smelling: Deuteronomy 33:10; Psalm 115:6
• As place of ring for ornament: Genesis 24:47; Isaiah 3:21; Ezekiel 16:12
• As place of ring or hook for captive: 2 Kings 19:28 = Isaiah 37:29; for beasts, e.g. swine Proverbs 11:22; hippopotamus Job 40:24; crocodile Job 40:26

c. Dual: face (especially in phrase אַפַּיִם אַרְצָה)

• Genesis 19:1
• Genesis 42:6
• Genesis 48:12
• Numbers 22:31
• 1 Samuel 20:41
• 1 Samuel 24:9
• 1 Samuel 25:41
• 1 Samuel 28:14
• 2 Samuel 14:4, 14:33
• 2 Samuel 18:28
• 2 Samuel 24:20
• 1 Kings 1:23, 1:31
• Isaiah 49:23
• 1 Chronicles 21:21
• 2 Chronicles 7:3; 20:18
• Nehemiah 8:6
• Also Genesis 3:19; גֹּ֣בַהּ אַפּ֑וֹ pride of his countenance Psalm 10:4; לְאַפִּי before, local sense (compare לִפְנֵי) 1 Samuel 25:23; אַפָּיִם 1 Samuel 1:5 read אֹפֶס (compare A. B. Davidson³, S. R. Driver⁴, quod vide)

2. Anger

a. Human anger

• Genesis 27:45
• Genesis 49:6, 49:7 + (45 times)
• Often subject חָרָה (וַיִּחַר etc.) his anger was kindled: Genesis 30:2; Genesis 39:19; Exodus 4:14; Exodus 22:23; Exodus 32:10, 32:11 +
• In various combinations, especially חֲרוֹן אַף fierceness of anger: Exodus 32:12; Numbers 25:4; Numbers 32:14 +; compare חֲרִי אַף 1 Samuel 20:34; בַּעַל אַף one given to anger Proverbs 22:24, etc.
• אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם slow to anger: Proverbs 14:29; Proverbs 15:18; Proverbs 16:32; Proverbs 25:15 of man

b. Divine anger

• Exodus 32:12
• Deuteronomy 9:19
• 2 Kings 24:20 + (177 times)
• אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם slow to anger: Exodus 34:6; Numbers 14:18; Nehemiah 9:17 (7 times) of God

I. אַף see below אֲנָף.

¹ Paul Haupt, Akkadische und sumerische Keilschrifttexte, Berlin, 1881-1882 (or related works).

² E. Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament, 3rd ed., Giessen, 1902-1903.

³ A. B. Davidson, Hebrew Syntax, 3rd ed., Edinburgh, 1901.

⁴ S. R. Driver, Hebrew Tenses in Hebrew Poetry, Oxford, 1892.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0639:

No stats available

יהוה יְהוָה׃

He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהוה

Yᵉhôvâh

Definition

Jehovah, Jewish national name of God

Root

from H1961 (היה); (the) self-Existent or Eternal;

Exhaustive

from היה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יה, יהוה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3068

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Strongs / High • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

proper name • Page 275

The proper name of the deity among the ancient Hebrews. Interpreted as 'the eternal, unchangeable, true' or 'he who is as he shall be.' The text discusses various ancient pronunciations (IAΩ, IABE, IETΩ) and its derivation from the future of הָיָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3068

I. יהוה (approximate number of occurrences: 6823) i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity — Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel.

Cognates and Origins:

• Babylonian יהו (claimed by Delitzsch^{Dl Pa 162 ff.}, disputed by Kuenen and Jastrow)
• Egyptian etymology (proposed by Spiegelberg^{ZMG liii 633 ff.}, considered improbable)
• Moabite Stone יהוה as the name of Israel's God (MI¹⁸)

— יהוה Masoretic Text יְהוָֺה (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה (Qr אֱלֹהִים) in combinations אדני יהוה; with prepositions בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה. Pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520 (Galatinus). The traditional Ἰαβέ (Theodoret) and contracted form יָהּ favour the pronunciation יַהְוֶה (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Psalm 74:6).

1. Etymology and Meaning

a. Hiphil theories (The Giver of Being)

• The one bringing into being, life-giver (Schrader)
• Giver of existence, creator (Kuenen, Tiele)
• He who causes to fall, i.e., rain or lightning (Robertson Smith)

b. Qal theories (The Existing One)

• The absolute and unchangeable one (Riehm)
• The existing, ever living (Dillmann)
• The one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption (Delitzsch)

2. Source Analysis and Usage

a. In the Hexateuch

• Elohist Source (E): Not used in Genesis; revealed at Horeb (Exodus 3:12–15) and explained as אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה "I shall be the one who will be with thee."
• Priests' Code (P): Abstains from use until the revelation to Moses (Exodus 6:3).
• Yahwist Source (J): Uses the name from the beginning of the narrative (Genesis 2:4).

b. In later literature

• Common in pre-exilic writers; falls into disuse post-exile, supplanted by אלהים and אדני.
• Job: Used in prose parts and once in the poem (Job 12:9).
• Ecclesiastes: Not used at all.

3. Syntactic Combinations

a. With אלהים and suffixes

• With אֱלֹהֶיךָ: Exodus 20:2–12 (Ten Words); Deuteronomy 5:6–16; in Deuteronomy (234 times).
• With אֱלֹהֵיכֶם: In Deuteronomy (46 times); Holiness Code (15 times); Joel 2:13.
• With אֱלֹהֵינוּ: Exodus 3:18; Psalm 20:8; Daniel 9:10, 13, 14.
• With אלהים (later editors): Genesis 2:4b; Jonah 4:6.

b. The phrase אֲנִי יהוה ("I am Yahweh")

• As a formula of revelation or authority: Exodus 6:2, 29 (Priests' Code).
• In the recognition formula ("that ye may know"): Exodus 7:5; Ezekiel 6:7 (and 48 times in Ezekiel).
• In the Holiness Code as an emphatic close: Leviticus 18:5, 6, 21; Leviticus 19:12, 14, 16.

c. In compound place names

• יהוה יראה (Yahweh-jireh): Genesis 22:14 (Yahwist Source).
• יהוה נסי (Yahweh-nissi): Exodus 17:15 (Elohist Source).
• יהוה שׁלים (Yahweh-shalom): Judges 6:24.
• יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה (Yahweh-shammah): Ezekiel 48:35.

¹ Philo, de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529.

² Friedrich Böttcher, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Bö § 88).

³ Paul de Lagarde, Symmicta (Lag Sym i.14).

⁴ Samuel Rolles Driver, Studia Biblica (Dr Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.).

⁵ Eberhard Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT).

Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κυρίου κυρίῳ κύριον κύριε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3068:

κύριοσ 2605× (41.8%)

κυρίου 1742× (27.8%)

κυρίῳ 598× (8.8%)

κύριον 473× (7.1%)

κύριε 336× (5.4%)

--- 129× (2.1%)

'' 95× (1.3%)

θεὸσ 76× (1.0%)

θεοῦ 69× (0.9%)

θεῷ 28× (0.4%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Seek Jehovah, all ye humble of the earth, who did his judgment; seek justice, seek humility: perhaps ye shall be covered in the day of the anger of Jehovah.

LITV Translation:
Seek Jehovah, all the meek of the earth who have done His justice; seek righteousness; seek meekness. It may be you shall be hidden in the day of the anger of Jehovah.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Seek ye the Lord, all ye meek of the earth; do judgment, and seek justice, and answer accordingly; that ye may be hidden in the day of the wrath of the Lord.