Chapter 4
Song of Solomon 4:1
הנך
הִנָּךְ
Behold yourself!
9042
| ך
None
Definition: you, subject pronoun - subject 2nd person feminine singular
Root: None
Exhaustive: Personal subject pronoun - suffix for some adverbs and infinitives: 2nd person feminine singular
None
Definition: you, subject pronoun - subject 2nd person feminine singular
Root: None
Exhaustive: Personal subject pronoun - suffix for some adverbs and infinitives: 2nd person feminine singular
2005
הן
hên
Definition: lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if
Root: a primitive particle;
Exhaustive: a primitive particle; lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if; behold, if, lo, though.
hên
Definition: lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if
Root: a primitive particle;
Exhaustive: a primitive particle; lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if; behold, if, lo, though.
Particle interjection, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular
יפה
יָפָה
beautiful one
3303
יפה
yâpheh
Definition: beautiful (literally or figuratively)
Root: from H3302 (יפה);
Exhaustive: from יפה; beautiful (literally or figuratively); [phrase] beautiful, beauty, comely, fair(-est, one), [phrase] goodly, pleasant, well.
yâpheh
Definition: beautiful (literally or figuratively)
Root: from H3302 (יפה);
Exhaustive: from יפה; beautiful (literally or figuratively); [phrase] beautiful, beauty, comely, fair(-est, one), [phrase] goodly, pleasant, well.
Adjective adjective feminine singular absolute
רעיתי
רַעְיָתִי
my companion
9020
| י
None
Definition: my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular
Root: None
Exhaustive: Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular
None
Definition: my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular
Root: None
Exhaustive: Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular
7474
רעיה
raʻyâh
Definition: a female associate
Root: feminine of H7453 (רע);
Exhaustive: feminine of רע; a female associate; fellow, love.
raʻyâh
Definition: a female associate
Root: feminine of H7453 (רע);
Exhaustive: feminine of רע; a female associate; fellow, love.
Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular
הנך
הִנָּךְ
Behold yourself!
9042
| ך
None
Definition: you, subject pronoun - subject 2nd person feminine singular
Root: None
Exhaustive: Personal subject pronoun - suffix for some adverbs and infinitives: 2nd person feminine singular
None
Definition: you, subject pronoun - subject 2nd person feminine singular
Root: None
Exhaustive: Personal subject pronoun - suffix for some adverbs and infinitives: 2nd person feminine singular
2005
הן
hên
Definition: lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if
Root: a primitive particle;
Exhaustive: a primitive particle; lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if; behold, if, lo, though.
hên
Definition: lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if
Root: a primitive particle;
Exhaustive: a primitive particle; lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if; behold, if, lo, though.
Particle interjection, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular
יפה
יָפָה
beautiful one
3303
יפה
yâpheh
Definition: beautiful (literally or figuratively)
Root: from H3302 (יפה);
Exhaustive: from יפה; beautiful (literally or figuratively); [phrase] beautiful, beauty, comely, fair(-est, one), [phrase] goodly, pleasant, well.
yâpheh
Definition: beautiful (literally or figuratively)
Root: from H3302 (יפה);
Exhaustive: from יפה; beautiful (literally or figuratively); [phrase] beautiful, beauty, comely, fair(-est, one), [phrase] goodly, pleasant, well.
Adjective adjective feminine singular absolute
עיניך
עֵינַיִךְ
the dual eyes of yourself
9022
| ך
None
Definition: your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person feminine singular
Root: None
Exhaustive: Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person feminine singular
None
Definition: your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person feminine singular
Root: None
Exhaustive: Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person feminine singular
5869a
עין
ʻayin
Definition: an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
Root: probably a primitive word;
Exhaustive: probably a primitive word; an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape); affliction, outward appearance, [phrase] before, [phrase] think best, colour, conceit, [phrase] be content, countenance, [phrase] displease, eye((-brow), (-d), -sight), face, [phrase] favour, fountain, furrow (from the margin), [idiom] him, [phrase] humble, knowledge, look, ([phrase] well), [idiom] me, open(-ly), [phrase] (not) please, presence, [phrase] regard, resemblance, sight, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them, [phrase] think, [idiom] us, well, [idiom] you(-rselves).
ʻayin
Definition: an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
Root: probably a primitive word;
Exhaustive: probably a primitive word; an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape); affliction, outward appearance, [phrase] before, [phrase] think best, colour, conceit, [phrase] be content, countenance, [phrase] displease, eye((-brow), (-d), -sight), face, [phrase] favour, fountain, furrow (from the margin), [idiom] him, [phrase] humble, knowledge, look, ([phrase] well), [idiom] me, open(-ly), [phrase] (not) please, presence, [phrase] regard, resemblance, sight, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them, [phrase] think, [idiom] us, well, [idiom] you(-rselves).
Noun common both dual construct, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular
יונים
יוֹנִים
doves
3123
יונה
yôwnâh
Definition: a dove (apparently from the warmth of their mating)
Root: probably from the same as H3196 (יין);
Exhaustive: probably from the same as יין; a dove (apparently from the warmth of their mating); dove, pigeon.
yôwnâh
Definition: a dove (apparently from the warmth of their mating)
Root: probably from the same as H3196 (יין);
Exhaustive: probably from the same as יין; a dove (apparently from the warmth of their mating); dove, pigeon.
Noun common masculine plural absolute
מבעד
מִבַּעַד
separated against
1157
| בעד
bᵉʻad
Definition: in up to or over against; generally at, beside, among, behind, for, etc.
Root: from H5704 (עד) with prepositional prefix;
Exhaustive: from עד with prepositional prefix; in up to or over against; generally at, beside, among, behind, for, etc.; about, at by (means of), for, over, through, up (-on), within.
bᵉʻad
Definition: in up to or over against; generally at, beside, among, behind, for, etc.
Root: from H5704 (עד) with prepositional prefix;
Exhaustive: from עד with prepositional prefix; in up to or over against; generally at, beside, among, behind, for, etc.; about, at by (means of), for, over, through, up (-on), within.
9006
מ
None
Definition: from
Root: None
Exhaustive: None
None
Definition: from
Root: None
Exhaustive: None
Prep-M, Noun common both singular absolute
לצמתך
לְצַמָּתֵךְ
your bound fast one
9022
| ך
None
Definition: your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person feminine singular
Root: None
Exhaustive: Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person feminine singular
None
Definition: your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person feminine singular
Root: None
Exhaustive: Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person feminine singular
6777
| צמה
tsammâh
Definition: a veil
Root: from an unused root meaning to fasten on;
Exhaustive: from an unused root meaning to fasten on; a veil; locks.
tsammâh
Definition: a veil
Root: from an unused root meaning to fasten on;
Exhaustive: from an unused root meaning to fasten on; a veil; locks.
9005
ל
None
Definition: to, for
Root: None
Exhaustive: None
None
Definition: to, for
Root: None
Exhaustive: None
Preposition, Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular
שערך
שַׂעְרֵךְ
hair of yourself
9022
| ך
None
Definition: your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person feminine singular
Root: None
Exhaustive: Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person feminine singular
None
Definition: your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person feminine singular
Root: None
Exhaustive: Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person feminine singular
8181
שער
sêʻâr
Definition: hair (as if tossed or bristling)
Root: or שער; (Isaiah 7:20), from H8175 (שער) in the sense of dishevelling;
Exhaustive: or שער; (Isaiah 7:20), from שער in the sense of dishevelling; hair (as if tossed or bristling); hair(-y), [idiom] rough.
sêʻâr
Definition: hair (as if tossed or bristling)
Root: or שער; (Isaiah 7:20), from H8175 (שער) in the sense of dishevelling;
Exhaustive: or שער; (Isaiah 7:20), from שער in the sense of dishevelling; hair (as if tossed or bristling); hair(-y), [idiom] rough.
Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular
כעדר
כְּעֵדֶר
as an arrangement
5739
| עדר
ʻêder
Definition: an arrangement, i.e. muster (of animals)
Root: from H5737 (עדר);
Exhaustive: from עדר; an arrangement, i.e. muster (of animals); drove, flock, herd.
ʻêder
Definition: an arrangement, i.e. muster (of animals)
Root: from H5737 (עדר);
Exhaustive: from עדר; an arrangement, i.e. muster (of animals); drove, flock, herd.
9004
כ
None
Definition: like, as
Root: Derived terms כאשר (ka'ashér) כמו (k'mó) כמות (k'mót) כש־ (k'she-)
Exhaustive: prefix, particle of comparison, similarity or proportion; before Sheva, with article - as, like, as if; at, about [a time], according to, after; before an infinitive - as, when, if, after.
None
Definition: like, as
Root: Derived terms כאשר (ka'ashér) כמו (k'mó) כמות (k'mót) כש־ (k'she-)
Exhaustive: prefix, particle of comparison, similarity or proportion; before Sheva, with article - as, like, as if; at, about [a time], according to, after; before an infinitive - as, when, if, after.
Preposition, Noun common both singular construct
העזים
הָעִזִּים
the Fierce Ones
5795
| עז
ʻêz
Definition: a she-goat (as strong), but masculine in plural (which also is used elliptically for goat's hair)
Root: from H5810 (עזז);
Exhaustive: from עזז; a she-goat (as strong), but masculine in plural (which also is used elliptically for goat's hair); (she) goat, kid.
ʻêz
Definition: a she-goat (as strong), but masculine in plural (which also is used elliptically for goat's hair)
Root: from H5810 (עזז);
Exhaustive: from עזז; a she-goat (as strong), but masculine in plural (which also is used elliptically for goat's hair); (she) goat, kid.
9009
ה
None
Definition: the
Root: None
Exhaustive: definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.
None
Definition: the
Root: None
Exhaustive: definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.
Particle definite article, Noun common masculine plural absolute
שגלשו
שֶׁגָּלְשׁוּ
who have sat up
1570
| גלש
gâlash
Definition: probably to caper (as a goat)
Root: a primitive root;
Exhaustive: a primitive root; probably to caper (as a goat); appear.
gâlash
Definition: probably to caper (as a goat)
Root: a primitive root;
Exhaustive: a primitive root; probably to caper (as a goat); appear.
9007
ש
None
Definition: which
Root: Derived terms של (shel) של־ (shel'-)
Exhaustive: who, which. An abbreviation used as a prefix.אשר
None
Definition: which
Root: Derived terms של (shel) של־ (shel'-)
Exhaustive: who, which. An abbreviation used as a prefix.אשר
Particle relative, Verb Qal perfect third person common plural
מהר
מֵהַר
from a mountain
2022
| הר
har
Definition: a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
Root: a shortened form of H2042 (הרר);
Exhaustive: a shortened form of הרר; a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively); hill (country), mount(-ain), [idiom] promotion.
har
Definition: a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
Root: a shortened form of H2042 (הרר);
Exhaustive: a shortened form of הרר; a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively); hill (country), mount(-ain), [idiom] promotion.
9006
מ
None
Definition: from
Root: None
Exhaustive: None
None
Definition: from
Root: None
Exhaustive: None
Prep-M, Noun common both singular construct
גלעד
גִּלְעָד׃
Uncovered Witness ("Gilead")
9016
None
Definition: verseEnd
Root: None
Exhaustive: None
| None
Definition: verseEnd
Root: None
Exhaustive: None
1568
גלעד
Gilʻâd
Definition: Gilad, a region East of the Jordan; also the name of three Israelites
Root: probably from H1567 (גלעד);
Exhaustive: probably from גלעד; Gilad, a region East of the Jordan; also the name of three Israelites; Gilead, Gileadite.
Gilʻâd
Definition: Gilad, a region East of the Jordan; also the name of three Israelites
Root: probably from H1567 (גלעד);
Exhaustive: probably from גלעד; Gilad, a region East of the Jordan; also the name of three Israelites; Gilead, Gileadite.
Noun proper name
RBT Translation:
Behold yourself! beautiful one my companion Behold yourself! beautiful one the dual eyes of yourself doves separated against your bound fast one hair of yourself as an arrangement the Fierce Ones who have sat up from a mountain Uncovered Witness ("Gilead")
RBT Paraphrase:
Behold yourself! | Behold yourself!
Behold yourself! A beautiful one, companion of myself! Behold yourself! A beautiful one! The dual eyes of yourself are doves separated against the tightly bound one of yourself, the hair of yourself is as an arrangement of the Fierce Ones who have sat up from the mountain of Uncovered Witness!1Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Behold thee beautiful, my friend, behold thee beautiful; thine eyes doves from behind to thy veil: thy hair as a herd of goats which lay down from mount Gilead.
Behold thee beautiful, my friend, behold thee beautiful; thine eyes doves from behind to thy veil: thy hair as a herd of goats which lay down from mount Gilead.
LITV Translation:
Behold, you are beautiful, My love. Behold, you are beautiful; your eyes are as doves' from behind your veil. Your hair is like a flock of goats which lie down from Mount Gilead.
Behold, you are beautiful, My love. Behold, you are beautiful; your eyes are as doves' from behind your veil. Your hair is like a flock of goats which lie down from Mount Gilead.
Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Behold, thou art fair, my companion; Behold, thou art fair; Thine eyes are doves, Beside thy veil: Thy hair is as flocks of goats, That have appeared from Gilead.
Behold, thou art fair, my companion; Behold, thou art fair; Thine eyes are doves, Beside thy veil: Thy hair is as flocks of goats, That have appeared from Gilead.
Footnotes
| Sng. 4:1 | Sng. 4:1 The name גלעד (Gilead) can be interpreted as "Uncovered Witness" or "Revealed Witness", based on its etymological components:
In this interpretation, the name could signify a "witness that is revealed" or "a revealed testimony," possibly referring to a place where a significant event or covenant was witnessed and made known. This understanding fits with the biblical context, where Gilead is sometimes associated with a witness or a memorial—for example, in Genesis 31, when a stone heap is set up as a witness to a covenant between Jacob and Laban. The name could reflect the idea that Gilead was a place where something significant was revealed or witnessed, whether in terms of a covenant, an event, or a memorial. |