Song of Solomon 1:5

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

שחורה שְׁחוֹרָה

A blackened one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שחר

shâchôr

Definition

properly, dusky, but also (absol.) jetty

Root

or שחור; from H7835 (שחר);

Exhaustive

or שחור; from שחר; properly, dusky, but also (absol.) jetty; black.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7838

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁחֹר

unknown • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1407

See שְׁחַר.

Matched via consonantal key only

שְׁחֹר

noun masculine • Root שחר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1407

Blackness, nigror, soot, black coals.

Matched via consonantal key only

שִׁחַר

verb • Root שחר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1410

(Pih.) to seek zealously; to wish, to desire; to turn, i. e. to seek what had been left.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁחַר

root • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1410

a blackbird; comp. also שְׁחַרְוּר to be dark.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁחַר

verb • Root שחר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1410

II. (part. שָׁחַר) trans. prop. to split, to cut through, to break through; hence 1. to divide, to separate, to prove, to examine, to seek after a thing, to desire, to strive after. 2. to charm.

Matched via consonantal key only

שִׁחֵר

verb piel • Root שחר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1409

To be very muddy or black, metaphorically to be slimy (e.g. of the Nile).

Matched via consonantal key only

שַׁחַר

noun masculine • Root שחר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1410

masc. prop. 1. the shining or the breaking forth, of light; hence the early light, the dawn, aurora. 2. blackness, and therefore darkness, obscurity. 3. (from Arab.) to enchant. 4. searching out, examination. 5. kind of the dawn (in אֵילַת הַשַּׁחַר).

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁחַר

verb • Root שחר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1409

To burn, to lighten, to shine; used of the dawn and figuratively of early youth.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁחַר

verb • Root שחר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1409

To be black, of the skin (in elephantiasis); generally to be dark, of coal, soot; to be browned, of colour.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁחֹר and שְׁחֹר

adjective / f. • Root שחר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1410

(pl. שְׁחֹרִים m., שְׁחֹרָה, pl. שְׁחֹרוֹת f.) black, of hair, of horses, of a raven; swarthy, of the skin.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שַׁחַר

noun masculine • Page 665

The morning light, dawn.

שָׁחַר

verb • Page 665

To be black. Job 30:30 (my skin is black and comes off from me).

שָׁחַר

verb • Root שחר • Page 665

To seek. In Kal only Prov. 11:27. In Piel (Pi.): to seek, often construed with an accusative. Job 7:21; Prov. 7:15; 13:24. Usually derived from the noun שַׁחַר (dawn).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7838

I. שָׁחֹר (approximate number of occurrences: 6) adjective — black.

— שָׁחֹר of hair Leviticus 13:31, Leviticus 13:37 (Priests' Code); feminine plural שְׁחֹרוֺת Song of Solomon 5:11; of skin, feminine singular שְׁחוֺרָה Song of Solomon 1:5; of horses, masculine plural שְׁחֹרִים Zechariah 6:2, Zechariah 6:6.

¹ Priests' Code (Priestly Source).

Adjective adjective feminine singular absolute

LXX: μέλανεσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7838:

μέλανεσ 3× (48.7%)

אני אֲנִי

myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אני

ʼănîy

Definition

I

Root

contracted from H595 (אנכי);

Exhaustive

lemma אני second vowel, corrected to אני; contracted from אנכי; I; I, (as for) me, mine, myself, we, [idiom] which, [idiom] who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H589

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֲנִי

pronoun personal • Root אנ • Strongs_Numbers • Page 162

I; the personal pronoun of the first person singular, common gender.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲנִי

pronoun • Page 61

I. Also written אָנֹכִי. The form אֲנִי also occurs in the phrase חַי אָנִי (see חַי).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H589

I. אֲנִי, אָנִי pronoun 1 singular, common — I.

Cognates:

• Syriac ܐܢܐ
• Aramaic אֲנָא
• Arabic أنا
• 

— אֲנִי Genesis 6:17; Genesis 9:9, Genesis 9:12 + often.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Following a participle as its subject (to express mostly either a true present or the futurum instans [immanent future])

• Genesis 18:17 הַמְכַסֶּה אֲנִי Am I hiding from Abraham that which, etc.
• Judges 15:3
• 1 Samuel 3:13
• Jeremiah 1:12
• Jeremiah 38:14
• Jeremiah 44:29 (see S. R. Driver¹ §135,4)

b. Appended to a verb, it expresses, in early Hebrew, a real emphasis

• Judges 8:23 לֹא אֶמְשֹׁל אֲנִי בָּכֶם I will not rule over you
• 2 Samuel 12:28 lest I take the city
• 2 Samuel 17:15 thus and thus did Ahitophel counsel, and thus and thus יָעַצְתִּי אָנִי did I counsel

c. In later Hebrew it is sometimes pleonastic

• Ecclesiastes 2:11
• Ecclesiastes 2:15
• Ecclesiastes 2:18
• Ecclesiastes 2:20 +

d. In response to a question, alone = I am, It is I

• Genesis 27:24
• Judges 13:11
• 1 Kings 18:8 +

e. With הֲ הַאֲנִי

• Isaiah 66:9

(Synonym אָנֹכִי, quod vide [which see].)

¹ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew and Some Other Syntactical Questions, 3rd ed., Oxford, 1892.

Pronoun personal first person both singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0589:

No stats available

ונאוה וְנָאוָה

and lovely one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נאוה

nâʼveh

Definition

suitable, or beautiful

Root

from H4998 (נאה) or H5116 (נוה);

Exhaustive

from נאה or נוה; suitable, or beautiful; becometh, comely, seemly.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5000

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָאוֶה

adjective • Root נאה • Strongs / High • Page 932

Comely, lovely, beautiful; suitable, seemly.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָאוֶה

verb • Root נאה • Page 420

1. fair, beautiful (Cant. 1: 5, 6: 4). 2. fit, becoming, suitable (Ps. 33: 1, 93: 5, 147: 1, Prov. 17: 7, 19: 10, 26: 1).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5000

I. נָאוֶה (approximate number of occurrences: 10) adjective — comely, seemly.

— נָאוֶה masculine Songs 2:14 (4 times); feminine נָאוָה Psalm 33:1 (5 times), נָוָה Jeremiah 6:2.

1. comely, beautiful

• of woman Songs 1:5; Songs 6:4 ("" יָפָה)
• of face Songs 2:14 (+ מַרְאֶה)
• so נָוָה Jeremiah 6:2 (figurative of Jerusalem; "" מְעֻנָּגָה)
• of mouth Songs 4:3 ("" שְׂפָתוֺת)

2. seemly

• of praise תְּהִלָּה Psalm 33:1; Psalm 147:1
• subject שְׂפַתיֶֿתֶר Proverbs 17:7 (compare Songs 4:3)
• תַּעֲנוּג Proverbs 19:10
• כָּבוֺד Proverbs 26:1

So also Psalm 93:5 Masora (anomalous feminine) see [נאה] above.

נְאוֺת see II. [נָוָה] below II. נוה.

Conjunction, Adjective adjective feminine singular absolute

LXX: ὡραία

LXX Usage Statistics

H5000:

ὡραία 2× (22.6%)

בנות בְּנוֹת

daughters/built-ones

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בת

bath

Definition

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

Root

from H1129 (בנה) (as feminine of H1121 (בן));

Exhaustive

from בנה (as feminine of בן); a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively); apple (of the eye), branch, company, daughter, [idiom] first, [idiom] old, [phrase] owl, town, village.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1323

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בַּת

noun feminine • Root בנן • Strongs / High • Page 929

Daughter. Example of a word where Nun is absorbed, from an older form בַּנְתְּ.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בַּת

noun feminine • Root בן • Page 120

1. daughter; freq. 2. granddaughter, female descendant. Gen. 36:2. also used with names of cities to denote female inhabitants. 3. poetic personification of cities and countries (e.g. daughter of Tyre, daughter of Babylon). Is. 47:1, 5. Jer. 46:11. 4. daughters of a city, i. e. small villages under its jurisdiction. Num. 21:25, 32. 5. various idiomatic phrases: daughter of ninety years (ninety years old), a wicked or vile woman, daughters of song (singing birds), daughter of the eye (apple of the eye).

בַּת

noun masculine • Page 120

a bath, a measure for liquids, containing the tenth part of a homer. 1 K. 7:26, 38. Ezek. 45:10.

בַּת

chald. • Page 120

i. q. Heb. בַּת a bath. Ezra 7:22.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1323

I. בַּת (approximate number of occurrences: 587) noun feminine — daughter (*בַּנְתְּ from בן).

Cognates:

• Phoenician בת
• Moabite בנת (plural maidens)
• Assyrian bintu¹
• Arabic بنت
• Sabean בת, בנת²
• Aramaic בְּרַת

— בַּת absolute Exodus 1:16 +; construct בַּת Genesis 11:29 +; suffix בִּתִּי Deuteronomy 22:16 +; בִּתְּךָ Genesis 29:18 +; בִּתֵּנוּ Genesis 34:17 etc.; plural בָּנוֺת Genesis 5:4 +; construct בְּנוֺת Genesis 6:2 +; suffix בְּנֹתַי Genesis 31:26 +; בְּנוֺתֶיךָ Genesis 19:12 +; בְּנֹתָם Genesis 34:21; בְּנוֺתֵיהֶם Deuteronomy 12:31 +, etc.

1. Daughter, female child

a. General usage

• Born of a woman: Genesis 30:21; Genesis 34:1; Exodus 1:16, 22; Exodus 21:4; Leviticus 12:6; Hosea 1:6; Genesis 20:12; Leviticus 18:9; Deuteronomy 27:22.
• Begotten by a man: Genesis 5:4, 7, 10; Genesis 11:11, 13, 15; Genesis 19:8; Genesis 28:2.
• Often paired with בֵּן (son): Genesis 5:4 (compare 2 Kings 14:9).
• Human women: בְּנוֺת הָאָדָם Genesis 6:2, 4.
• Specific ranks: בִּתְּךָ הַמְּטַנָּה (younger daughter) Genesis 29:18; בִּתִּי הַגְּדוֺלָה (eldest daughter) 1 Samuel 18:17.
• Princess: בַּת־הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 Kings 9:34; Daniel 11:6; Psalm 45:10.

b. Girl called by kin

• By father and brothers: בִּתֵּנוּ Genesis 34:17; בִּתְּכֶם Genesis 34:8.

c. Adopted daughter

• Esther 2:7, 15.

d. Daughter-in-law

• Address to daughter-in-law: Ruth 1:11–13; Ruth 2:2, 8, 22; Ruth 3:1, 16, 18.

e. Sister or Half-sister

• בַּת־אָבִיו: Ezekiel 22:11.
• Half-sister: Genesis 20:12 (בַּת־אָבִי אַךְ לֹא בַת־אִמִּי); Leviticus 18:9, 11; Leviticus 20:17.

f. Cousin

• בַּת־דֹּדוֺ: Esther 2:7.

g. Kindly address

• בִּתִּי: Ruth 3:10, 11; Psalm 45:11.
• In mouth of God: בְּנוֺתַי Isaiah 43:6.

h. Granddaughters

• בְּנוֺת בָּנָיו: Genesis 46:7 (Priests' Code); Leviticus 18:10, 17 (Holiness Code); Genesis 37:35.

i. Women of a particular city or people

• Daughters of Zion: Isaiah 3:16; Song of Solomon 3:11.
• Daughters of Jerusalem: Song of Solomon 1:5; Song of Solomon 2:7.
• Daughters of Canaan: Genesis 28:1, 6, 8 (Priests' Code).
• Daughters of the Philistines: Judges 14:1; 2 Samuel 1:20.
• Daughters of Israel: Judges 11:40; 1 Samuel 1:24.
• Woman of Levi: בַּת־לַוֵי Exodus 2:1.

2. Young women, women

• Genesis 30:13 (Jehovist Source); Proverbs 31:29; Song of Solomon 2:2; 6:9.
• Confident women: בָּנוֺת בֹּטְחוֺת Isaiah 32:9.
• בַּת הַנָּשִׁים Daniel 11:17.

3. Poetic personification of city or people

Poetic designation of inhabitants:

• Daughter of Zion (בַּת־צִיּוֺן): Isaiah 1:8; Micah 4:8; Zechariah 9:9; Lamentations 1:6.
• Virgin daughter of Zion: 2 Kings 19:21; Lamentations 2:13.
• Daughter of Jerusalem: Micah 4:8; Zephaniah 3:14.
• Daughter of Babylon: Jeremiah 50:42; Psalm 137:8.
• Daughter of my people (בַּת־עַמִּי): Isaiah 22:4; Jeremiah 4:11; Jeremiah 6:14; Lamentations 4:3, 6, 10.
• Daughter of Egypt: Jeremiah 46:24.
• Daughter of Edom: Lamentations 4:21, 22.

4. Plural as villages

Meaning small towns or "daughter" villages dependent on a mother city:

• Heshbon and its villages: Numbers 21:25; Numbers 32:42 (Elohist Source).
• Joshua 15:45, 47; Joshua 17:11, 16 (Jehovist Source).
• Judges 1:27; Jeremiah 49:2; Nehemiah 11:25–31.

5. In phrases denoting character or quality

• Daughter of a strange god (idolatrous): בַּת־אֵל נֵכָר Malachi 2:11.
• Daughter of a troop (warlike city): בַּת־גְּדוּד Micah 4:14.
• Daughters of song: בְּנוֺת הַשִּׁיר Ecclesiastes 12:4.
• Daughter of Belial: בַּת־בְּלִיַּעַל 1 Samuel 1:16.

6. Idiomatic and anatomical uses

• Ostrich: בַּת יַעֲנָה Leviticus 11:16; Deuteronomy 14:15; plural Job 30:29; Isaiah 13:21; Jeremiah 50:39.
• Pupil of the eye: בַּת־עַיִן Lamentations 2:18 (compare Ethiopic ባለት).

7. Figurative usage

• Leech's daughters: לַעֲלוּקָה שְׁתֵּי בָנוֺת Proverbs 30:15.

8. Of a vine

• Branch: בָּנוֺת צָעֲדָה עֲלֵי־שׁוּר Genesis 49:22.

9. As a noun relative of age

• Of a woman: בַּת־תִּשְׁעִים שָׁנָה (ninety years old) Genesis 17:17 (Priests' Code).
• Of a ewe-lamb: בַּת־שְׁנָתָהּ Leviticus 14:10; Numbers 6:14.
• Of a she-goat: id. Numbers 15:27.

— II. בַּת see below בתת.

¹ Winckler, Sargon, Glossary.

² D. H. Müller, ZMG 1883, 391; CIS iv. l, No. 6. 21.

Noun common feminine plural construct

LXX: θυγατέρεσ θυγάτηρ θυγατέρασ θυγατέρα θυγατέρων

LXX Usage Statistics

H1323:

θυγατέρεσ 90× (14.6%)

θυγάτηρ 89× (15.5%)

θυγατέρασ 82× (12.3%)

θυγατέρα 65× (10.8%)

θυγατέρων 54× (8.0%)

αὐτῆσ 47× (4.9%)

θυγατρὸσ 35× (6.0%)

θύγατερ 30× (5.6%)

θυγατρὶ 18× (3.0%)

'' 16× (2.5%)

ירושלם יְרוּשָׁלָם

Foundation of Peace

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ירושל͏ם

Yᵉrûwshâlaim

Definition

Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine

Root

rarely ירושלים; a dual (in allusion to its two main hills (the true pointing, at least of the former reading, seems to be that of H3390 (ירושלם))); probably from (the passive participle of) H3384 (ירה) and H7999 (שלם); founded peaceful;

Exhaustive

rarely ירושלים; a dual (in allusion to its two main hills (the true pointing, at least of the former reading, seems to be that of ירושלם)); probably from (the passive participle of) ירה and שלם; founded peaceful; Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine; Jerusalem.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3389

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְרוּשָׁלֵם

unknown • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1438

see יְרוּשָׁלַיִם.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְרוּשָׁלַ֫םִ

noun proper feminine • Root ירה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 647

Jerusalem. (originating in יְרֻשָׁלֵם) n. p. f. the metropolis of the Israelite kingdom from David onward.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם

proper noun • Root , ירה שלם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 648

Jerusalem, the name of a city in Palestine. The name was also used for its inhabitants, and poetically as an image of beauty.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְרוּשְׁלֵם

proper noun (aramaic) • Root ירושלם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 648

An alternate Aramaic name for Jerusalem.

Matched via consonantal key only

יְרוּשְׁלֶם

proper noun (aramaic) • Root ירושלם • Consonantal / Medium • Page 648

The Aramaic name for Jerusalem.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְרוּשָׁלַם

proper name • Page 682

Jerusalem. Gen. 14:18. Ps. 76:3. Its appellative signification here is health, peace, i. q. שָׁלוֹם.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3389

I. יֲרוּשָׁלַ֫םִ, יְרוּשָׁלַ֫יִם (approximate number of occurrences: 644) proper name of a location — Jerusalem.

Cognates and Versions:

• Assyrian Urusalim (Tel Amarna¹)
• Assyrian Ursalimmu (COT²)
• Greek Ιερουσαλημ (Septuagint)

— יְרוּשָׁלַ֫םִ (Qr perpetuum) Joshua 10:10 +; יְרוּשָׁלָ֑םִ 1 Samuel 17:54 +; ־ַ֫יִם ending 5 times according to Masora³, namely Jeremiah 26:18; 1 Chronicles 3:5; 2 Chronicles 25:1; 2 Chronicles 32:9; Esther 2:6 (also on Maccabean coins⁴); with ה locative יְרוּשָׁלַ֫מֳה 1 Kings 10:2; Isaiah 36:2; Ezekiel 8:3; לָ֑מֳה 2 Kings 9:28; with prefixes בִּירוּשָׁלַ֫םִ 2 Samuel 9:13 +; לִירוּשָׁלַ֫םִ 2 Kings 18:22 +; מִירוּשָׁלַ֫םִ 2 Samuel 15:11 +; וִירוּשָׁלַ֫םִ 2 Kings 23:1 + etc.

1. Etymology and Meaning

Root and meaning dubious; Reland, Ewald and others derive from יְרוּשׁ שׁלם possession of peace; Gesenius (Thesaurus) and others from יָרָה, i.e., יְרוּ + שָׁלֵם a foundation of peace; Grill⁵ foundation of Shalem (Shalem = God of peace, = יהוה); but name not certainly Hebrew. Sayce and Jastrow suggest Uru (city) + Salim (proper name of a divinity).

2. Historical Usage

a. Canaanite and early history

• First named as city of Canaanite Adoni-Zedek Joshua 10:1, 3, 5, 23 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); compare Joshua 12:10 (Deuteronomic Source).
• Inhabited by Jebusites Joshua 15:63 (Priestly Code), Judges 1:21, compare Judges 1:7.
• Identification with יְבוּס Judges 19:10 and הַיְבוּסִי Joshua 15:8; Joshua 18:28 (Priestly Code).
• Captured by Judah Judges 1:8.

b. Capital of the Monarchy

• First named in connection with David 1 Samuel 17:54.
• Taken possession of by David as king 2 Samuel 5:6.
• David's royal seat 2 Samuel 5:5, 13–14; 2 Samuel 8:7; 2 Samuel 11:1.
• Remained the capital until taken by Nebuchadrezzar B.C. 588 2 Kings 25:1.

c. Post-exilic period

• Chief home of the returned exiles Ezra 1:11; Ezra 2:11; Nehemiah 2:11, 17.

3. Cross-references

See also proper name of a location יְבוּס and שָׁלֵם.

¹ H. Zimmern, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie (ZA), 1891, 252, 254.

² E. Schrader, Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (COT).

³ S. Frensdorff, Massora Magna, Page 293, Hannover, 1876.

⁴ M. A. Levy, Geschichte der jüdischen Münzen, 1862, 42 f.

⁵ Grill, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW), 1884, 134 ff.

Noun proper name

LXX: ιερουσαλημ pεἰσ --- ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3389:

ιερουσαλημ 564× (80.9%)

pεἰσ 47× (7.5%)

ιερουσαλημ 25× (3.4%)

--- 16× (2.6%)

'' 12× (1.6%)

pἐν 11× (1.8%)

pἐπὶ 5× (0.8%)

[a] 2× (0.2%)

כאהלי כְּאָהֳלֵי

like the tents

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כ

kə

Definition

like, as

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix Derived terms כאשר‎ (ka'ashér) כמו‎ (k'mó) כמות‎ (k'mót) כש־‎ (k'she-)

Exhaustive

(kaph) — as / like / according to

Core value: correspondence, patterning, resonance
כ never asserts identity. It asserts alignment.
- likeness,
- proportionality,
- conformity to a form.
Aonically, כ signals phase-alignment, not comparison.
not “like X in appearance” but “operating according to the same pattern as X.”
This is why prophetic and poetic language leans heavily on כ: it encodes structural analogy across layers, not metaphor.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אהל

ʼôhel

Definition

a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)

Root

from H166 (אהל);

Exhaustive

from אהל; a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance); covering, (dwelling) (place), home, tabernacle, tent.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H168

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֹהֶל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 73

1. tent of nomads; Isrealite sanctuary; dwelling-place, citadel. 2. metaphorically: people who inhabit a tent, race, family.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֹהֶל

noun masculine • Page 29

1. tent, or tabernacle of meeting; 2. the temple, because it took the place of the tabernacle; 3. habitation generally. (Ex. 26:1, 7, 36:8, 14, 19; Ezek. 41:1; Prov. 14:11; Ps. 52:7, 91:10; Is. 16:5).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H168

I. אֹ֫הֶל (approximate number of occurrences: 343) noun masculine Genesis 13:3 — tent.

Cognates:

• Assyrian âlu
• Arabic لا إله (fellow-dwellers, family)
• Sabean אהל (D. H. Müller¹, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1883, 341 and others, also in proper names Sabean & Phoenician see אהליאב)

— אֹ֫הֶל absolute אֹהֶל Genesis 4:20 +; construct אֹהֶל Exodus 28:43 +; אֹ֫הֲלָה (ה locative) Genesis 18:6 +; suffix אָהֳלִי Job 29:4 +; אָֽהָלִ֑ךָ Psalm 61:5; אָֽהֳלֹה Genesis 9:21 (3 times; see S. R. Driver², S. R. Smend³ xxxv); plural אֹהָלִים Genesis 13:5 + (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar⁴ §23.3); בֹּֽאֲהָלִים Judges 8:11 +; construct אָהֳלֵי Numbers 16:26 +; suffix אֹהָלַי Jeremiah 4:20; אֹהָלֶיךָ Numbers 24:5 +; אָהֳלֵיכֶם Joshua 22:8 +, etc.

1. Forms and Grammatical Notes

• Absolute: אֹהֶל — Genesis 4:20 +
• Construct: אֹהֶל — Exodus 28:43 +
• With locative ה: אֹ֫הֲלָה — Genesis 18:6 +
• With pronominal endings:
  • אָהֳלִי — Job 29:4 +
  • אָֽהָלִ֑ךָ — Psalm 61:5
  • אָֽהֳלֹה — Genesis 9:21 (3 times)
• Plural:
  • Absolute: אֹהָלִים — Genesis 13:5 +
  • בֹּֽאֲהָלִים — Judges 8:11 +
  • Construct: אָהֳלֵי — Numbers 16:26 +
  • With suffixes:
    • אֹהָלַי — Jeremiah 4:20
    • אֹהָלֶיךָ — Numbers 24:5 +
    • אָהֳלֵיכֶם — Joshua 22:8 +

2. Meanings and Uses

a. Tent of nomad

• Song of Solomon 1:5
• Jeremiah 6:3
• Jeremiah 49:29
• יֹשֵׁב אֹהָלִים dweller in tents — Genesis 4:20; Genesis 25:27 (J⁵)
• אָהֳלֵי מִקְנֶה tents of cattle — 2 Chronicles 14:14
• Tents of soldier — 1 Samuel 17:54 (compare S. R. Driver², Jeremiah 37:10)
• 1 Kings 8:66 לְאֹהָלֶיךָ, יִשְׂרָאֵל, exclamation, to thy tents, Israel! 1 Kings 12:16 (twice in verse) (compare 2 Chronicles 10:16; 2 Samuel 20:1; but compare S. R. Driver², 1 Samuel 17:54)
• Of pleasure-tent on house-top — 2 Samuel 16:22 (= bridal-tent, bridal pavilion, compare חֻפָּה Psalm 19:5; Joel 2:16 see R. S. Kinship 168)

b. Dwelling, habitation

• Psalm 91:10 לְאֹהָלֶ֑ךָ home (literally to thy tents, plural) Judges 19:9 (after הָלַךְ)
• אֹהֶל בֵּיתִי habitation of my house — Psalm 132:3 (compare Daniel 11:45)
• דָּוִד אֹהֶל habitation or palace of David where throne erected — Isaiah 16:5
• בַּת צִיּוֹן אֹהֶל habitation of daughter of Zion (= Jerusalem) — Lamentations 2:4
• אָהֳלֵי יַעֲקֹב — Jeremiah 30:18
• Malachi 2:12 (parallel מִשְׁכָּן)
• יְהוּדָה אֹהֶל — Zechariah 12:7 (parallel בֵּית דָּוִד)
• רְשָׁעִים אֹהֶל habitation of wicked — Job 8:22 (compare רֶשַׁע אֹהֶל Psalm 84:11, יְשָׁרִים אֹהֶל Proverbs 14:11)
• שֹׁחַד אֹהֶל — Job 15:34
• צַדִּיקִים אֹהֶל — Psalm 118:15
• אֱדוֹם אֹהֶל = Edom itself — Psalm 83:7 (compare קֵדָר אֹהֶל Psalm 120:5, כּוּשָׁן אֹהֶל Habakkuk 3:7)

c. The sacred tent used in worship of God

• הָאֹהֶל the tent
• מוֹעֵד אֹהֶל tent of meeting of God with his people (tent of congregation or assembly Gesenius, Handwörterbuch edd. F. Mühlau & W. Volck and others)
• According to E (Elohist Source): Moses so called the tent which he used to pitch without the camp, afar off, into which he used to enter, & where God spake with him face to face — Exodus 33:7-11; Numbers 12:5, 10; Deuteronomy 31:14, 15
• J (Jehovist Source) seems to have same conception of an אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד outside the camp — Numbers 11:24, 26
• D (Deuteronomist) has no allusion to such a tent
• P (Priests' Code / Narrative) mentions it 131 times as אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד; 19 times as הָאֹהֶל (compare Ezekiel 41:1) & הָעֵדֻת אֹהֶל, tent of the testimony — Numbers 9:15; Numbers 17:22; Numbers 17:23; Numbers 18:2 (as containing ark & tables of the testimony) (compare 2 Chronicles 24:6)
• This tent sometimes confounded with the מִשְׁכָּן but distinguished in אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד מִשְׁכָּן — Exodus 39:32; Exodus 40:2, 6, 29 (compare 1 Chronicles 6:17); הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְהָאֹהֶל — Numbers 3:25; אֵת הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְאֵת אֹהֳלֹו — Exodus 35:11
• Tent was of three layers of skins, goatskins, ramskins, & tachash skins, each layer of eleven pieces stretched in form of a tent, covering & protecting the מִשְׁכָּן, which was in form of parallelopiped — Exodus 26
• An אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד was at Shiloh — 1 Samuel 2:22 (omitted in some manuscripts; see S. R. Driver²) (compare Psalm 78:60), called יֹסֵף אֹהֶל — Psalm 78:67
• The Mosaic אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד was later at Gibeon — 2 Chronicles 1:3, 6, 13
• Courses of ministry arranged for service at אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד — 1 Chronicles 6:17; 1 Chronicles 23:32 (compare 1 Chronicles 9:19 (אֹהֶל הָא), 1 Chronicles 9:21; 1 Chronicles 9:23 (בֵּית הָאֹהֶל))
• David erected an אֹהֶל for ark on Mt. Zion — 2 Samuel 6:17; 1 Chronicles 15:1; 1 Chronicles 16:1; 2 Chronicles 1:4
• Joab fled for refuge to יְהוָה אֹהֶל — 1 Kings 2:28-30
• Sacred oil brought from הָאֹהֶל — 1 Kings 1:39
• The מוֹעֵד אֹהֶל was taken up into temple — 1 Kings 8:4; 2 Chronicles 5:5
• יְהוָה אֹהֶל (parallel בַּיִּת & הַר קֹדֶשׁ) is refuge & dwelling-place of righteous — Psalm 15:1; Psalm 27:5; Psalm 27:6; Psalm 61:5 (compare Psalm 90:1)
• Yahweh had not previously dwelt in a בַּיִּת, but had gone מֵאֹהֶל אֶל אֹהֶל from tent to tent, from one to another — 1 Chronicles 17:5 (compare 2 Samuel 7:6)

¹ D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1883, 341.

² S. R. Driver, Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament, Edinburgh, 1891.

³ S. R. Smend, Die Weisheit des Jesus Sirach erklärt, Berlin, 1906.

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

⁵ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

Preposition, Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0168:

No stats available

קדר קֵדָר

he has grown dark

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קדר

Qêdâr

Definition

Kedar, a son of Ishmael; also (collectively) Bedouin (as his descendants or representatives)

Root

from H6937 (קדר); dusky (of the skin or the tent);

Exhaustive

from קדר; dusky (of the skin or the tent); Kedar, a son of Ishmael; also (collectively) Bedouin (as his descendants or representatives); Kedar.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6938

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קֵדָר

noun proper • Root קדר • Strongs / High • Page 1260

(a powerful one, from קדר II.) n. p. of a son of Ishmael.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קֵדָר

m. a proper name • Page 580

1. the son of Ishmael. Gen. 25:13. 2. a tribe of Arabian nomades descended from Kedar. Cant. 1: 5. Is. 42: 11.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6938

I. קֵדָר (approximate number of occurrences: 12) proper name, of a people — swarthy? black-tented? (Κηδαρ).

Cognates:

• Assyrian Kidru¹
• Latin Cedrei (Pliny²)
• Sabean קדר³

— קֵדָר Isaiah 21:16 +; construct בְּנֵי קֵדָר Isaiah 21:17; אָהֳלֵי קֵדָר Psalm 120:5.

1. Tribe of nomads in Arabian desert

• Isaiah 21:16
• Isaiah 42:11 (with verb feminine)
• Isaiah 60:7
• Jeremiah 2:10
• Jeremiah 49:28 (twice in verse)
• Ezekiel 27:21
• בְּנֵי קֵדָר Isaiah 21:17
• אָהֳלֵי קֵדָר Psalm 120:5; Song of Solomon 1:5 (made of black goat-skins⁴ or black woven stuff⁵; simile of swarthy hue)

2. Ancestor of the tribe

Son of Ishmael:

• Genesis 25:13 = 1 Chronicles 1:29

¹ Eberhard Schrader, The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (COT), on Genesis 25:13.

² Pliny, Naturalis Historia.

³ J. Halévy, inscriptions (Hal 623); compare D.H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG) xxxvii (1883), 14.

⁴ Georg Jacob, Das Leben der vorislamischen Beduinen (2), 41.

⁵ Charles M. Doughty, Travels in Arabia Deserta, i. 224 f.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: κηδαρ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6938:

κηδαρ 12× (93.0%)

כיריעות כִּירִיעוֹת

like the curtains

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כ

kə

Definition

like, as

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix Derived terms כאשר‎ (ka'ashér) כמו‎ (k'mó) כמות‎ (k'mót) כש־‎ (k'she-)

Exhaustive

(kaph) — as / like / according to

Core value: correspondence, patterning, resonance
כ never asserts identity. It asserts alignment.
- likeness,
- proportionality,
- conformity to a form.
Aonically, כ signals phase-alignment, not comparison.
not “like X in appearance” but “operating according to the same pattern as X.”
This is why prophetic and poetic language leans heavily on כ: it encodes structural analogy across layers, not metaphor.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יריעה

yᵉrîyʻâh

Definition

a hanging (as tremulous)

Root

from H3415 (ירע);

Exhaustive

from ירע; a hanging (as tremulous); curtain.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3407

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְרִיעָה

noun feminine • Root ירע • Strongs / High • Page 650

the curtain (from its tremulous motion) of the tabernacle; the hanging of a tent; metaph. tent. Poet. the tents of the earth i.e. the nomadic peoples of the earth.

יְרִיעָה

noun • Root ירע • Strongs / High • Page 651

A derivative from יָרַע.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְרִיעָה

f. dec. x. • Page 298

A covering, curtain. Especially the covering of a tent. Is. 54: 2. Jer. 4: 20. 49: 29. Ex. 26: 1.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3407

I. יְרִיעָה (approximate number of occurrences: 54) noun feminine — curtain.

Cognates:

• Targum יְרִיעֲתָא
• Syriac יריעתא

— יְרִיעָה absolute Exodus 26:2 (24 times); plural absolute יְרִיעֹת Exodus 26:1 (17 times); יְרִיעוֺת 1 Chronicles 17:1; construct יְרִיעֹת Exodus 26:7 (4 times); יְרִיעוֺת Habakkuk 3:7 (2 times); suffix יְרִיעֹתָ֑י Jeremiah 4:20, Jeremiah 10:20; יְרִיעוֺתֵיהֶם Jeremiah 49:29.

1. Usage of the tabernacle

Specifically of the tabernacle curtains:

• Exodus 26:1, 2 (3 times in verse)
• Exodus 26:8 (twice in verse)
• + 38 times in Exodus 26 and 36
• Numbers 4:25 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
• 2 Samuel 7:2 = 1 Chronicles 17:1

2. General tent-curtains

General usage, often in parallel with אֹהֶל (tent):

• Jeremiah 4:20
• Jeremiah 10:20
• Jeremiah 49:29
• Habakkuk 3:7
• Song of Solomon 1:5
• יְרִיעֹת יַטּוּ Isaiah 54:2 (+ הַרְחִיבִי מְקוֺם אָהֳלֵךְ), figurative of Jerusalem's prosperity.

3. Simile of the heavens

• נוֹטֶה שָׁמַיִם כַּיְרִיעָה Psalm 104:2

¹ Priests' Code / Narrative.

Preposition, Noun common feminine plural construct

LXX: '' αὐλαίασ δέρρεισ δέρρεωσ αὐλαῖαι

LXX Usage Statistics

H3407:

'' 16× (28.2%)

αὐλαίασ 8× (14.7%)

δέρρεισ 7× (13.6%)

δέρρεωσ 5× (8.8%)

αὐλαῖαι 2× (4.1%)

δέρρεων 2× (3.8%)

δέρριν 2× (3.5%)

שלמה שְׁלֹמֹה׃

Complete One

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שלמה

Shᵉlômôh

Definition

Shelomah, David's successor

Root

from H7965 (שלום); peaceful;

Exhaustive

from שלום; peaceful; Shelomah, David's successor; Solomon.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8010

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁלֹמֹה

unknown • Root שלום • Strongs / High • Page 1438

Solomon (meaning strength, firmness).

שְׁלֹמֹה

noun proper masculine • Root שלום • Strongs / High • Page 1438

Solomon: The third Hebrew king, celebrated for his magnificence, riches and wisdom.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שַׂלְמָה

noun • Root שמלה • Page 640

a garment. Ex. 22:8. Mic. 2:8. By transposition for שִׂמְלָה.

שְׁלֹמֹה

proper name • Page 682

Solomon, the son of David, king of Israel. Its appellative import is peaceable (1 Chr. 22: 9).

שִׁלְּמָה

noun feminine • Root שלם • Page 682

Recompense, punishment. Ps. 91. 8.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8010

I. שְׁלֹמִה (approximate number of occurrences: 293) proper name, masculine — Solomon (Σαλωμων, rarely Σαλομων, LXX^L mostly Σολομων; compare Lagarde¹); — king of Israel, son of David and Bathsheba 2 Samuel 12:24; 1 Kings 1:11 +.

— שְׁלֹמִה [name 2 times in Samuel; 162 times in Kings; 109 times in Chronicles; 7 times in Ezra-Nehemiah]; born in Jerusalem 2 Samuel 5:14; 1 Chronicles 3:5; 1 Chronicles 14:4.

1. Life and Accession

a. Succession to the throne

• Designated by David as successor, anointed and proclaimed before David's death 1 Kings 1:30, 33, 34, 39 +
• King after David's death 1 Kings 2:12, 17; 1 Chronicles 29:28; 2 Chronicles 1:1 +

b. Royal titles and phrases

• הַמֶּלָךְ שׁ׳ (King Solomon) 1 Kings 1:34 (36 times in Kings, 11 times in Chronicles); Jeremiah 52:20; Songs 3:9, 11
• הַמּ׳ שׁ׳ 1 Kings 2:17; 1 Kings 12:2; 1 Chronicles 29:24; 2 Chronicles 10:2
• מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה ׳שׁ (Solomon king of Judah) 1 Kings 12:23; 2 Chronicles 11:3
• מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל ׳שׁ (Solomon king of Israel) 2 Kings 23:13; 2 Kings 24:13; 2 Chronicles 30:26; 35:3; Nehemiah 13:26

c. Builder of temple

• 1 Kings 5:22; 1 Kings 6:1–2; 1 Chronicles 5:26 + often

2. Attributes and Works

a. Wisdom

• 1 Kings 3:10; 1 Kings 5:9, 10, 14; 1 Kings 10:1–4; 2 Chronicles 1:7, 11 +

b. Authorship and Provision

• Author of proverbs (and songs) according to Proverbs מִשְׁלֵי שׁ׳ Proverbs 1:1; 10:1; 25:1 (compare 1 Kings 5:12–13)
• Psalms לִשְׁלֹמֹה Psalm 72:1; Psalm 127:1 (titles)
• Song of Songs Songs 1:1 (title)
• Of written provision for priests 2 Chronicles 35:4, compare 2 Chronicles 8:14; Nehemiah 12:45

3. Occurrences elsewhere

Outside of Kings and Chronicles:

• Jeremiah 52:20
• Songs 1:5 (Winckler² proposes Šalmaites, Nabataean שלמו Lidbarski³, compare Levy⁴ Jastrow⁵)
• Songs 3:7, 9, 11; Songs 8:11, 12
• In phrase בְּנֵי עַבְדֵי שׁ׳ (sons of Solomon's servants) Ezra 2:55, 58 = Nehemiah 7:57, 60; Nehemiah 11:3

¹ Lagarde, Bildung der Nomina (BN), 53, 96.

² Hugo Winckler, Altorientalische Forschungen (Altor. Forsch.), ii. 196.

³ Lidbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (Lzb), 376.

⁴ Jacob Levy, Chaldäisches Wörterbuch über die Targumim (Tw), ii. 489.

⁵ Marcus Jastrow, Dictionary of the Targumim (Jastr), 1587.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: σαλωμων '' [a] [b] ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H8010:

σαλωμων 266× (87.8%)

'' 7× (2.0%)

[a] 6× (1.6%)

[b] 6× (1.6%)

--- 5× (1.7%)

[[]] 3× (0.8%)

σαλωμῶντοσ 2× (0.7%)

αβδησελμα 2× (0.7%)

RBT Translation:

A blackened one myself and lovely one built-ones Foundation of Peace like the tents he has grown dark like the curtains Complete One

RBT Paraphrase:
A blackened one of myself and a lovely one, daughters of Foundation of Peace As the tents of Darkened; As the curtains of Complete One.

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
I am black and beautiful, O daughters of Jerusalem, as the tents of Kedar, as the curtains of Solomon.

LITV Translation:
I am black, but comely, O daughters of Jerusalem, like the tents of Kedar, like the curtains of Solomon.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
I am black, but beautiful, Ye daughters of Jerusalem, As the tents of Kedar, as the curtains of Solomon.