Song of Solomon 1:11

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

תורי תּוֹרֵי

turns/successions

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

תור

tôwr

Definition

a succession, i.e. a string or (abstractly) order

Root

or תר; from H8446 (תור);

Exhaustive

or תר; from תור; a succession, i.e. a string or (abstractly) order; border, row, turn.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8447

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תּוֹר

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1506

(Aram.) Same as Hebrew שׁוֹר: an ox, a heifer (Dan 4:22, 29, 30); also calves (Ezr 6:9).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תֹּר

noun • Page 726

A turtledove. Reference: see תּוֹר no. I.

תּוֹר

m. dec. i. • Page 711

I. a turtledove, turtur, so called from the noise which it makes. Gen. 15: 9. Lev. 12: 6. Used as a word of endearment to one beloved, Cant. 2: 12. Ps. 74: 19. thy turtledove, i. e. thy persecuted affrighted people, with the accessory idea of affection.

תּוֹר

m. dec. i. • Page 711

II. 1. a row, order, turn. Est. 2: 12, 15. 2. a row or string of pearls or metallic beads, which hung down over the face. Cant. 1: 10, 11.

תּוֹר

noun masculine • Page 711

III. 1 Chr. 17: 17. a manner, i. q. תּוֹרָה no. 3. which stands in the parallel passage 2 Sam. 7: 19. If the reading is correct, then the word may be derived from no. II. a row, or be a contraction of תּוֹרָה.

תּוֹר

chald. • Page 711

an ox, i. q. Heb. שׁוֹר. Plur. תּוֹרִין oxen. Dan. 4: 22, 29, 30 [4: 25, 32, 33 in some versions]. 5: 21. Ezra 6: 9, 17.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8447

I. תּוֺר, תֹּר noun masculine — plait, turn.

Cognates:

• Arabic دَوْرٌ period, succession (περίוδος)

— plural תּוֺרִים Song of Solomon 1:10; construct תּוֺרֵי זָהָב Song of Solomon 1:11; singular construct תֹּר Esther 2:12, Esther 2:15.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Plaits, circlets

• תּוֺרִים plaits (of hair ?) Song of Solomon 1:10
• תּוֺרֵי זָהָב plaits, circlets of gold Song of Solomon 1:11

b. Turn, opportunity

• construct תֹּר נַעֲרָה Esther 2:12
• Esther 2:15

2. Textual Notes

תּוֺר אדם 1 Chronicles 17:17 is corrupt, parallel to 2 Samuel 7:19 תּוֺרַת הָאָדָם, also difficult, see תּוֺרָה 3; Klo Perles¹ תֹּאַר, q. v.

¹ Felix Perles, Analekten zur Textkritik des Alten Testaments (1895).

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H8447:

No stats available

זהב זָהָב

gold

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

זהב

zâhâb

Definition

gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e. yellow), as oil, a clear sky

Root

from an unused root meaning to shimmer;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to shimmer; gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e. yellow), as oil, a clear sky; gold(-en), fair weather.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2091

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זָהָב

noun masculine • Root זהב • Strongs / High • Page 426

1. gold, as metal. 2. Figuratively, oil, so called from its shining colour; perhaps also the sun or the golden brightness of the sky.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

זָהָב

m. prim. • Page 198

1. gold (Gen. 24:22, 53. 36:39). 2. figuratively the golden splendour (of the firmament), Job 37:22; gold-coloured oil, Zech. 4:12.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2091

I. זָהָב (approximate number of occurrences: 385) noun masculine Genesis 2:12 — gold.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Arabic ذهب
• Sabean דֿהב (compare Olshausen¹, Müller²)
• Aramaic דְּהַב, דַּהֲבָא
• Palmyrene דהבא (compare Vogüé³)

— זָהָב absolute Genesis 2:11 (364 times); construct Genesis 2:12 (6 times); suffix זְהָבִי 1 Kings 20:7 +; זְהָֽבְךָ 1 Kings 20:3, 5; זְהָבֶ֑ךָ Isaiah 30:22; זְהָבוֺ Isaiah 2:20, 31:7; זְהָבָם Hosea 8:4 + etc.

1. Gold-ore, gold in a raw state

• Genesis 2:11–12
• Jeremiah 10:9
• Proverbs 17:3
• Proverbs 27:21
• Job 28:1 +
• Perhaps also 1 Kings 9:28; 10:11; 22:49 etc.
• Compare עַפְרֹת זָהָב Job 28:6 gold-dust
• Simile of tried people: Zechariah 13:9, Malachi 3:3; simile of Job’s purity Job 23:10

מִצָּפוֺן זָהָב Job 37:22 is dubious; read perhaps זֹהַר (Duhm, Driver); Ewald, Delitzsch and others out of the North comes gold; others golden light, brightness (Septuagint, Rabbins, Davidson); or golden splendour of God (Böttcher, Hitzig); Siegfried conjectures יהוה for זהב.

2. Gold as wealth

• Genesis 13:2 (Jehovist Source; + מִקְנֶה, כֶּסֶף)
• Genesis 24:34 (Jehovist Source; + צאֹן, בָּקָר, כֶּסֶף, עֲבָדִם, שְׁפָחֹת, גְּמַלִּים, חֲמֹרִים)
• Compare Hosea 2:8; Isaiah 2:7; Deuteronomy 8:13; 17:17; Job 3:15; 31:24; Zechariah 14:14; Ezra 1:4, 6 +
• General preciousness: Proverbs 22:1; Job 28:17 (of wisdom); Psalm 19:10 (ordinances of יהוה); Psalm 119:72, 127; metaphor of princes Lamentations 4:1.

3. Gold as spoil of war

• Joshua 6:19 (+ כֶּסֶף, כְּלֵי נְחשֶׁת, בַּרְזֶל), 24
• Compare Joshua 7:21, 24; 22:8; 2 Kings 7:8 +.

4. Gold as merchandise

• Ezekiel 27:22 (+ אֶבֶן יְקָרָה, ראֹשׁ כָּל בֹּשֶֹׁם)
• Compare gold from Ophir 1 Kings 9:28 (see below 7).

5. Gold as costly gift

• To a prophet: מְלֹא בֵּיתוֺ כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב (hypothetical), Numbers 22:18; 24:13 (both Elohist Source)
• Brought by Queen of Sheba: 1 Kings 10:2, 10 = 2 Chronicles 9:1, 9
• As tribute: 2 Kings 23:35 (twice); as satisfaction for murder 2 Samuel 21:4.

6. Gold as material

Of rings (נֶזֶם), chains, shields, images, and temple furnishings:

• Genesis 24:22; Exodus 32:2–3; Judges 8:24–25; Genesis 41:42
• As material of idols: Exodus 20:23; 32:31; Hosea 8:4; Isaiah 2:20; Deuteronomy 7:25
• Furnishings of Solomon's Temple: 1 Kings 6:20–22, 28; 7:48; 2 Chronicles 3:4–6
• Tabernacle furnishings: Exodus 25:3, 11, 24; 38:24 (Priests' Code)

7. Gold described by its source

• Gold from Ophir: 1 Kings 9:28; 10:11; 22:49; 1 Chronicles 29:4
• Gold from Uphaz: Jeremiah 10:9 (read perhaps אוֺפִיר)
• Gold of Sheba: Psalm 72:15; Gold of Parvaim: 2 Chronicles 3:6

8. Gold defined by adjective

• שָׁחוּט beaten gold: 1 Kings 10:16–17; 2 Chronicles 9:15–16
• סָגוּר: 1 Kings 6:20–21; 7:49–50
• טָהוֺר pure gold: Exodus 25:11, 17, 24 (P and Chronicles)
• טוֺב good gold: 2 Chronicles 3:5, 8
• מוּפָז best gold: 1 Kings 10:18

9. As measure of weight and value

1. Gold-shekel
   • Genesis 24:22 (עֲשָׂרָה זָהָב)
   • Numbers 7:14; Judges 8:26
   • 1 Chronicles 21:25 (שִׁקְלֵי זָהָב)
2. Mina of gold
   • 1 Kings 10:17 (שְׁלשֶׁת מָנִים זָהָב)
3. Talent of gold
   • 2 Samuel 12:30; 1 Kings 9:14
4. Darics
   • Ezra 2:69; Nehemiah 7:69; Ezra 8:27

10. Of golden oil

• From its colour: Zechariah 4:12.

11. Named with silver

Often follows silver in earlier/later writings: Genesis 13:2; Exodus 3:22; Numbers 22:18; 1 Kings 15:15; Psalm 105:37. In later writings it often precedes silver: Ezekiel 28:4; 1 Chronicles 22:14; Ezra 1:11.

12. Chief verbs used with gold

a. עָשָׂה (make) — 1 Kings 7:48; Exodus 25:11; לַעֲשׂוֺת בַּזָּהָב work in gold Exodus 31:4.

b. יָצַק (cast) — Exodus 25:12; Exodus 37:3.

c. צִמָּה (overlay) — 1 Kings 6:20; Exodus 25:11.

d. חפה (overlay) — 2 Chronicles 3:5.

e. תָּפוּשׂ (encased) — Habakkuk 2:19.

f. רדד (spread) — 1 Kings 6:32.

On דִּי זָהָב and מֵי זָהָב (proper names) see relevant entries.

¹ Justus Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (1861).

² David Heinrich Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG, 1883).

³ Melchior de Vogüé, Syrie centrale. Inscriptions sémitiques (1868).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: χρυσίον χρυσίου χρυσίῳ '' χρυσᾶ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2091:

χρυσίον 81× (17.4%)

χρυσίου 71× (16.5%)

χρυσίῳ 39× (9.3%)

'' 29× (6.3%)

χρυσᾶ 25× (6.0%)

χρυσοῦσ 22× (5.4%)

χρυσῶν 19× (4.6%)

χρυσοῦν 18× (4.3%)

χρυσᾶσ 14× (3.5%)

pἐκ 14× (3.6%)

נעשה נַעֲשֶׂה־

we are making

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עשה

ʻâsâh

Definition

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application; accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, [idiom] certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal (with), deck, [phrase] displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in) execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, [phrase] feast, (fight-) ing man, [phrase] finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go about, govern, grant, great, [phrase] hinder, hold (a feast), [idiom] indeed, [phrase] be industrious, [phrase] journey, keep, labour, maintain, make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, [phrase] officer, pare, bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure, provide, put, requite, [idiom] sacrifice, serve, set, shew, [idiom] sin, spend, [idiom] surely, take, [idiom] thoroughly, trim, [idiom] very, [phrase] vex, be (warr-) ior, work(-man), yield, use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6213

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Strongs / High • Page 755

to make for

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Strongs / High • Page 1140

1. To do, to make, to form, to construct (e.g., an ark, altar, garments); to build up, to establish, to create. 2. To acquire (by labor); to make or procure a name (fame); to make money; to bring, to make (i.e., to be of use). Also, to prepare (food, sacrifice); to offer; to appoint, constitute to an office. 3. Metaphorically, to keep, to celebrate (a feast, e.g., Sabbath, Passover); to live through or spend the time of life; to perform, to practise, observe, to consider. 4. To do, generally without an object (good or evil); to deal with, execute upon. 5. Altogether generally to act, the interpretation being drawn from the context; to act considerately or falsely.

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1141

To do, to make, to prepare, to work, to act, to perform, to effect. Also: to bring forth, to beget; to give milk; to bear fruit; to put forth shoots; to be made, created, sacrificed, executed; to be committed (a crime); to be celebrated (a festival); to happen, to become. (Includes Nif. passive, Pih. to press/squeeze, Puh. to be made/created).

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1141

(unused) intr. to be shaggy, rough, rough-haired, of men; probably also of a rough, rugged forest-mountain.

עָשָׂה

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1139

(I) tr. 1. To feel, to touch. 2. To labour = to do; to work; to create (of God); to accomplish; to execute (a vow or wrath); to make, to form, fabricari.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָשַׂה

ii. in kal • Page 531

to press, squeeze, (the breast.) Ezekiel 23:21. (Chald. עֲשָׁא idem.)

עָשָׂה

verb • Root עשה • Page 530

To make, do, act. Extensive entry covering various nuances: 1. to make/do (Gen. 1:7); 2. to labour (Ex. 5:9); 3. to execute or accomplish (Ps. 37:5); 4. to prepare or dress food (Gen. 18:7); 5. to make or acquire riches (Gen. 31:1); 6. to pass or spend time (Ecc. 6:12); 7. to keep one's self or abide (Ruth 2:19); 8. to produce or bear fruit (Gen. 1:11); 9. to offer or present (Ex. 10:25); 10. to appoint to an office (1 Sam. 12:6); 11. to celebrate or keep a festival (Ex. 12:48).

עָשָׂה

verb • Page 532

1. to labour, fabricari. 2. to be made smooth or polished, to be bright, to shine. Jer. 5: 28. Hithpa. to think or be mindful of any one. Jon. 1: 6.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6213

I. עָשָׂה (approximate number of occurrences: 2622) verb — do, make.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Moabite עשתי
• Proper names עשיו, אלעשה, מעשיהו

— עָשָׂה 3 masculine singular Perfect Genesis 3:1 +; suffix עָשָׂהוּ Hosea 8:6 +; 3 feminine singular עָֽשְׂתָה Deuteronomy 22:21 +, וְעָשָׂת Leviticus 25:21; 2 masculine singular עָשִׂיתָ Genesis 3:14 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעֲשֶׂה Genesis 18:25 +, וַיַּעֲשֶׂה 1 Kings 16:25, וַיַּעַשׂ Isaiah 5:2 +; jussive תַּעַשׂ Genesis 22:12 +; 1 singular אֶעֱשֶׂה Genesis 2:18 +, וָאַעַשׂ Deuteronomy 10:3; Infinitive absolute עָשׂה Jeremiah 44:17 +; construct עֲשׂוֺת Genesis 2:4 +; Participle active עשֶֹׁה Isaiah 5:5 +; passive עָשׂוּי Exodus 3:16 +.

1. Meanings and Uses: Do

a. General usage

• With accusative Genesis 3:14 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 20:10 (Elohist Source)
• Do right in eyes of יהוה 2 Kings 12:3; evil 2 Kings 8:18
• Do commands Deuteronomy 16:12, Numbers 15:39 (Priests' Code)
• Perform a work (מַעֲשֶׂה) Exodus 18:20, (מְלָאכָה) Genesis 2:2

b. To or with someone

• To someone (ל) Genesis 20:9 (Elohist Source)
• Against reflexive (עַל) Jeremiah 26:19
• With someone (אֵת / עִם) Deuteronomy 1:30, Ruth 2:11
• Maintain cause (מִשְׁמַּט) 1 Kings 8:45

c. Kindness and Goodness

• Do kindness (חֶסֶד) Genesis 19:19, 2 Samuel 2:5
• Kindness and truth (חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת) Joshua 2:14 (Jehovist/Elohist Source)
• Do good (טוֺב) Genesis 26:29

2. Meanings and Uses: Make

a. Create or produce

• Ark Genesis 8:6; idols Judges 18:24
• Of God's creation Genesis 1:7, 1:25 (Priests' Code), Nehemiah 9:6
• Produce fruit or grain Hosea 8:7, Genesis 1:11

b. Transform or Appoint

• Make something out of material Exodus 25:18, Deuteronomy 10:3
• Make into something Hosea 8:4, Psalm 104:4
• Appoint priests or feasts 1 Kings 12:31–32

c. Ritual and Celebration

• Prepare sacrifice 1 Kings 18:23, Judges 6:19
• Make offering (עוֺלָה) Judges 13:16, Leviticus 16:24
• Observe/celebrate Passover Exodus 12:48, Sabbath Exodus 31:16

d. Other uses

• Acquire property Genesis 12:5, Deuteronomy 8:17
• Make war Genesis 14:2, peace Joshua 9:15
• Spend or pass days Ecclesiastes 6:12

3. Passive and Reflexive Forms

Niphal — be done, be made.

• Be done (of work) Judges 16:11, (of offence) Deuteronomy 13:15
• Be executed (of decree) Esther 9:1
• Be made (of objects) 1 Kings 10:20, Jeremiah 3:16
• Be observed (of festival) 2 Kings 24:22

Pual — be made.

• עֻשֵּׂיתִי Psalm 139:15 I was made.

---

II. עָשָׂה verb Pi`el — press, squeeze.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew עִשָּׂה
• Aramaic עַסִּי
• Arabic عص

• 3 plural עִשּׂוּ דַּדֵּי בְּתוּלִים Ezekiel 23:3, 23:8
• Infinitive construct בְּעַשּׂוֺת Ezekiel 23:21 (read as Pi`el)

¹ Mesha Inscription (MI), l. 23, 26.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ David Heinrich Müller, SB Berl. Akkadian 1886.

Verb Qal imperfect first person common plural

LXX: ἐποίησεν ποιήσεισ ἐποίησαν ποιῆσαι ποιήσω

LXX Usage Statistics

H6213a:

ἐποίησεν 538× (20.3%)

ποιήσεισ 196× (7.3%)

ἐποίησαν 191× (7.2%)

ποιῆσαι 141× (5.2%)

ποιήσω 113× (4.3%)

ποιήσει 111× (4.2%)

'' 86× (2.9%)

ἐποίησασ 82× (3.2%)

ποιεῖν 79× (2.9%)

ποιήσετε 76× (2.9%)

לך לָּךְ

to yourself/walk

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9032

Preposition, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular

עם עם

together with/a people

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עם

ʻim

Definition

adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then usually unrepresented in English)

Root

from H6004 (עמם);

Exhaustive

from עמם; adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then usually unrepresented in English); accompanying, against, and, as ([idiom] long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from (among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-) to, with(-al).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5973

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עִם

name element • Root אם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

(In united words like עַמִּי, עֲמִדָּה). Element peculiar to personal names, generally referring to God, signifying uniter, gatherer, binder together, or family-founder. Interchangeable with אֵל, אָב, אָח, and אִם.

עִם

particle / preposition / conjunction • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

A particle/preposition meaning with, cum, beside, by, expressing communion, union, conjunction, or accompaniment. Also functions as a sign of coordination (and).

עִם

preposition / adverb / conjunction • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1102

Among, between, inter, in medio, apud, with; in the midst of; notwithstanding. (When combined with מִן (מֵעִם): away from, from near, out of the possession of, from, according to the mind of.)

עִם

aramaic preposition / conjunction (aramaic) • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1102

Aramaic preposition/conjunction: together with; with (e.g., the clouds of heaven, meaning riding on a cloud); of time, so long as, as long as, like; by (e.g., by night).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עִם

preposition • Page 512

used only as a preposition. 1. with. Gen. 27: 44. Ex. 22: 29. עִם זֶה with all this, notwithstanding this, Neh. 5: 18. עִם שֶׁמֶשׁ so long as the sun shall endure, Ps. 72: 5. 2. before; e. g. עִם אֵל before God, Job 9: 2. 27: 13. 3. against; e. g. נִלְחַם עִם to fight against.

עִם

preposition • Page 513

with; also in, e.g. עִם לֵילְיָא in the night (Dan. 7:2); עִם דָּר וְדָר so long as the generations of men last (Dan. 3:33, 4:31).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5973

I. עִם preposition — with.

Cognates:

• Aramaic עִם
• Sabean עם^1,2
• Arabic مَعَ³

— suffix עִמִּי (46 times) and עִמָּדִי (45 times) (probably akin to Arabic עִנְדַ side, beside: compare √ ענד), without difference of meaning (עמדי in Pentateuch Genesis 31:31; Genesis 39:7, 12, 14; Exodus 33:12; Leviticus 26:21, 23, 27, 40 (Holiness Code); Numbers 22:19; etc.); עִמְּךָ, עִמְּכָה 1 Samuel 1:26, עִמָּ֑ךְ; עִמּוֺ, עִמָּהּ; עִמָּ֫נוּ; עִמָּכֶם; עִמָּם (27 times) (Genesis 18:16 etc.); and עִמָּהֶם (23 times) (chiefly late: Numbers 22:12; Deuteronomy 29:16; Jonah 1:3; Job 1:4; etc.):

1. Of fellowship and companionship

(Latin cum), as Genesis 13:1 ולוט עמו and Lot with him, Genesis 18:16; Genesis 19:30; Genesis 24:54 הוא והאנשׁים אשׁר עמו, וכל ישׂראל עמו Joshua 7:24; often peculiar to Chronicles and Ezra are clauses introduced by ועמהם 1 Chronicles 12:34; 1 Chronicles 13:2; 1 Chronicles 15:8, Ezra 8:13, 14 (Aramaic Ezra 5:2); so ועמו 1 Chronicles 12:28; 2 Chronicles 17:14–18; Ezra 8:3–12. Coupling substantives, together with, chiefly in poetry: Deuteronomy 12:23 לא תאכל הנפשׁ עם הבשׂר, Ecclesiastes 7:11; 2 Samuel 1:24 שָׁנִי עִם עֲדָנִים, Deuteronomy 32:14 עִם חֵלֶב כרים, Psalm 66:15 אעשׂה בקר עם עתודים, Songs 4:13 כפרים עם נרדים. Unusually, Esther 9:25 אמר עם הספר he ordered in conjunction with writing, in a written order. Poetic or late uses: Psalm 42:9 ובלילה שִׁירֹה עמי, Psalm 89:22 אשׁר יָדִי תִּכּוֺן עמו; in Job of the companionship of sufferings or prosperity, Job 6:4 תִצֵּי שַׁדַּי עמדי, Job 29:6 וְצוּר יָצוּק עִמדי פלגי שׁמן, 2 Chronicles 28:10 עִמָּכֶם אֲשָׁמוֺת.

a. of aid

• Exodus 23:5
• Genesis 21:22 אלהים עמך
• Isaiah 8:10 כי עמנו אל
• Psalm 46:8
• With the help of (= Greek σύν), 1 Samuel 14:45 כי עם אלהים עשׂה היום הזה

b. Of actions done jointly

• ירשׁ עם inherit with, Genesis 21:10
• כרת ברית עם Genesis 26:28
• חָלַק עם share with, Joshua 22:8

c. Of a contest or combat

עִם is with in the sense of against: so often with נִלְחַם to fight, נִשְׁמַּט to dispute, נֶאֱבַק to wrestle, רִיב to strive.

• Genesis 32:29
• Isaiah 3:14 בּא בְּמִשְׁמָּט עם
• Psalm 94:16 מי יקום לי עִם מְרֵעִים in the struggle with evil-doers
• Job 9:14 אֶבְחֲרָה דְבָרַי עמו in the contest with him

d. Of dealing or relation

Of dealing with a person, or of the relation in which one stands with, or towards, another:

• עשׂה חסד עם to do kindness with Genesis 24:12 (in 1 person observe that in this phrase עמדי, not עמי, is regularly used, Genesis 19:19; 1 Samuel 20:14)
• דִּבֶּר עם to speak with Exodus 19:9
• תמים עם perfect with (i.e. toward) Deuteronomy 18:13
• Psalm 73:22 toward thee

e. Of a common lot

• Genesis 18:23 צדיק עם רשׁע together with the wicked
• Psalm 106:6 חטאנו עם אבותינו
• Ecclesiastes 2:16 הֶחָכָם עם הכסיל i.e. like the fool

f. Of equality or resemblance

• Job 9:26 חָֽלְפוּ עִם אֳנִיּוֺת אֵבֶה they pass by as swiftly as skiffs of reed
• נִמְשַׁל עִם Psalm 28:1

g. Of time

• Psalm 72:5 יִירָאוּךָ עם שׁמשׁ as long as the sun endureth
• Ezra 1:11 עִם הֵעָלוֺת הַגּוֺלָה (at the time of)

2. Of a locality

Close to, beside:

• Genesis 25:11 עם באר לחי ראי beside the well
• Genesis 35:4 אשׁר עם שׁכם
• 2 Samuel 6:7 שָׁם עִם אֲרוֺן האלהים
• Deuteronomy 5:28 עֲמֹד מֹּה עמדי by me

3. Of persons

a. In the house or service of

(apud, chez):

• Genesis 23:4 גֵּר וְתוֺשָׁב עמך
• Genesis 29:14 וַיֵשֶׁב עִמּוֺ
• Genesis 29:25 עבדתי עמך I have served with thee

b. In the possession of

(Latin penes):

• Genesis 24:25 עִמָּנוּ (straw is with us)
• Deuteronomy 32:34 כָּמֻס עִמָּדִי stored up with
• Job 12:13 עִמּוֺ חָכְמָה וּגְבוּרָה

c. In the custody or care of

• 1 Samuel 9:23 שִׂים אֹתָהּ עִמָּךְ
• 1 Samuel 22:23 כִּי מִשְׁמֶרֶת אַתָּה עִמָּדִי

d. Beside = except

• Deuteronomy 32:39 אֵין אלהים עִמָּדִי
• Psalm 73:25 ועמך לא חפצתי בארץ and beside thee I delight not

e. Friendly with

• Genesis 31:2 כי איננו עמי
• Proverbs 23:7 וְלִבּוֺ בַל עִמָּךְ

4. Idiomatic of a thought or purpose

a. עִם לְבַב פ

• Deuteronomy 8:5 וְיָדַעְתָּ עִם לְבָבְךָ thou shalt know with thy heart
• 1 Kings 8:17 ויהי עם לבב דוד it was David's purpose
• Psalm 77:7 muse or talk with one's heart

b. עִם alone = in one's consciousness

• Numbers 14:24 רוּחַ אַחֶרֶת עִמּוֺ i.e. operating in his mind
• Job 10:13 ידעתי כי זאת עמך that this was thy purpose
• 1 Samuel 2:26 טוֺב עִם in the judgment of

5. Metaphorical usage

Together with = in spite of, notwithstanding:

• Nehemiah 5:18 וְעִם זֶה

מֵעִם

— מֵעִם (72 times) from with or beside (= Greek παρὰ with a genitive):

a. after verbs of departing, taking, removing, etc.

• Genesis 13:14 הִמָּרֶדֿ לוֺט מֵעִמּוֺ
• 1 Samuel 16:14 סרה מעם שׁאול ורוח יהוה
• Isaiah 7:11 after שׁאל to ask
• Exodus 21:14 מֵעִם מִזְבְּחִי (sq. place)

b. with terms of kindness or names

• Genesis 24:27 אשׁר לא עזב חסדו מעם אֲדֹנִי
• Ruth 4:10 לאֹיִֿכָּרֵת שֵׁם מֵעִם

c. From the possession or custody of

• Genesis 31:31 with גזל
• Leviticus 25:41 with יצא (subject a slave)

d. Expressing origination or authorship

• 1 Samuel 20:7 כִּי כָֽלְתָה הָרָעָה מֵעִמּוֺ
• Genesis 41:32 נָכוֺן הַדָּבָר מֵעִם האלהים established from, on the part of, God
• Psalm 121:2 עֶזְרִי מעם יהוה

Aramaic

I. עִם (approximate number of occurrences: 22) preposition with (Biblical Hebrew עִם).

1. literally with
   • suffix עִמִּי Daniel 3:32
   • suffix עִמָּךְ Ezra 7:13
   • suffix עִמֵהּ Daniel 2:22
   • suffix עִמְּהוֺן Ezra 5:2
2. Uses
   • a. together with: Daniel 2:18, 43; Daniel 7:13 עִם עֲנָנֵי שְׁמַיָּא
   • b. to speak with: Daniel 6:22; war with Daniel 7:21; do with (= towards) Daniel 3:32 דִּי עֲבַד עִמִּי
3. of time
   • Daniel 3:33 = 4:31 עִם דָּר וְדָר (as long as)
   • Daniel 7:2 עִם לֵילְיָא during the night

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien (1889).

² Fritz Hommel, Süd-arabische Chrestomathie (1893).

³ Franz Praetorius, Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (BAS), i. 26.

⁴ William Wright, Arabic Grammar, ed. W. Robertson Smith and M. J. de Goeje, 3rd ed. (WAG).

Preposition

LXX: μετὰ μετ' μεθ' ἐμοῦ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H5973a:

μετὰ 252× (26.0%)

μετ' 226× (22.7%)

μεθ' 68× (6.9%)

ἐμοῦ 55× (4.8%)

--- 31× (3.2%)

παρὰ 30× (3.1%)

παρ' 24× (2.5%)

πρὸσ 23× (2.4%)

'' 22× (1.9%)

ἀπὸ 20× (2.1%)

נקדות נְקֻדּוֹת

points

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נקדה

nᵉquddâh

Definition

a boss

Root

feminine of H5348 (נקד);

Exhaustive

feminine of נקד; a boss; stud.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5351

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נִקֹּד

noun • Root נקד • Consonantal / Low • Page 988

A sort of pointed, finely sprinkled, or otherwise small cake, carried by common people on journeys; possibly a kind of dried cake.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

נִקֻּד

masculine noun • Root נקד • Consonantal / Low • Page 987

A crumb of bread, mica.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

נָקַד

verb • Root נקד • Consonantal / Low • Page 987

I. (Not used) to stick into a thing, to indent, to cut in; to pierce or sting; to make punctures, to mark with points; to make stripes or spots, to speckle sheep and goats.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

נָקַד

verb • Root נקד • Consonantal / Low • Page 987

II. (Not used) properly to keep, to guard, to keep together, to watch a flock.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

נָקֹד

masculine adjective • Root נקד • Consonantal / Low • Page 987

Spotted, speckled, of sheep and goats.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

נֹקֵד

masculine noun • Root נקד • Consonantal / Low • Page 988

A shepherd.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נְקֻדָּה

f. dec. x. • Root נקד • Page 456

A point, dot, on a gold or pearl chain. Cant. 1 : 11. See נָקֹד

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5351

I. נְקֻדָּה noun masculine — point, or drop.

Root and Cognates:

II. נקד (√ of following):

• Arabic نقد a kind of small sheep with very abundant wool¹, whence نقاد shepherd of this kind of sheep
• Moabite נקד (perhaps MI³⁰)
• Assyrian nâqidu²
• Late Hebrew נוֹקֵד (rare)

— only plural construct נְקֻדּוֹת Song of Solomon 1:11; תּוֹרֵי זָהָב נַעֲשֶׂה לָּךְ עִם נְקֻדּוֹת הַכָּ֑סֶף.

1. Meanings and Uses

• Song of Solomon 1:11 rows (strings or chains) of gold will we make for thee, with points of silver.

¹ Georg Jacob, Das Leben der vorislâmischen Beduinen (Altarab. Bed. Leben), 1807, 83.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl^{HWB 479}).

Noun common feminine plural construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H5351:

No stats available

הכסף הַכָּסֶף׃

the Silver

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כסף

keçeph

Definition

silver (from its pale color); by implication, money

Root

from H3700 (כסף);

Exhaustive

from כסף; silver (from its pale color); by implication, money; money, price, silver(-ling).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3701

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֶּסֶף

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 723

silver, so called from its whitish-grey, pale colour. It is used to denote silver as a metal, a shekel of silver, silver-ore, money, or what is bought for money.

כֶּסֶף

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 723

Aramaic word for silver, money.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֶּסֶף

noun masculine • Page 324

1. silver. Gen. 23: 15. 2. money generally. Gen. 23: 13. Deut. 23: 20.

כְּסַף

chald. • Page 324

Chald. idem. (equivalent to silver). Dan. 2: 35. 5: 2, 4, 23.

כָּסַף

verb • Page 324

1. to be greedy or long for any thing. Ps. 17: 12. 2. to have compassion. Job 14: 15. Niph. to long for; to blush or be ashamed. Gen. 31: 30. Zeph. 2: 1.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3701

I. כֶּ֫סֶף (approximate number of occurrences: 402) noun masculine^{Genesis 23:9} — silver, money.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Phoenician כסף
• Zinjirli כסף
• Aramaic כַּסְפָּא
• Palmyrene כספא
• Assyrian kaspu

— כֶּ֫סֶף absolute Genesis 20:16 +, כָּ֑סֶף Exodus 21:11 +; construct כֶּ֫סֶף Exodus 43:21 +; suffix כַּסְפִּי Genesis 42:28, כַּסְפְּךָ 1 Kings 20:3, כַּסְפֵּנוּ Genesis 31:15; plural suffix כַּסְפֵּיהֶם Genesis 42:25, 35 etc.

1. Silver ore, raw silver

(Rare and mostly late):

• Job 28:1
• figurative Ezekiel 22:20, 22
• Zechariah 13:9
• Proverbs 2:4; 17:3; 27:21
• Malachi 3:3
• Psalm 12:7; Psalm 66:10
• Isaiah 48:10
• הָגוּ סִיגִים מִכֶּסֶף Proverbs 25:4 remove dross from silver, compare סִיגִים כֶּסֶף Proverbs 26:23 and סִיגִים כֶּסֶף Ezekiel 22:18
• כֶּסֶף נִמְאָס Jeremiah 6:30

2. Silver as bright, shining

figurative of dove's wings:

• כַּנְפֵי יוֹנָה נֶחְפָּה בַכֶּסֶף Psalm 68:14

3. Silver as wealth

• Genesis 13:2 (Yahwist Source)
• Frequently with gold, etc. (+ זָהָב) Numbers 22:18; Numbers 24:13
• figurative of a slave as valuable, כַּסְפּוֹ הוּא Exodus 21:21 (Elohist Source)
• Silver as less valuable than gold 1 Kings 10:21; 2 Chronicles 9:20
• כֶּסֶף נִבְחָר choice silver, Proverbs 8:19; Proverbs 10:20

4. Silver as spoil of war

• (With זָהָב) Judges 5:19; 2 Samuel 8:11 = 1 Chronicles 18:11

5. Silver as merchandise

• Ezekiel 27:12
• סְחַר־כֶּסֶף Proverbs 3:14
• Zephaniah 1:11

6. Silver as costly gift

• (With זָהָב) 1 Kings 15:18, 19
• 2 Kings 16:8; 2 Kings 18:15
• Isaiah 60:9; Daniel 11:38

7. Silver as material

• Of cup Genesis 44:2 (Yahwist Source)
• Of trumpets Numbers 10:2 (Priestly Code)
• כְּלֵי־כֶסֶף Genesis 24:53
• Of idols Exodus 20:23; Isaiah 2:20; Deuteronomy 29:16; Psalm 115:4
• Fittings of tabernacle Exodus 26–27; 36; 38

8. Silver as measure of weight and value

a. shekels

• שְׁלֹשִׁים שְׁקָלִים כֶּסֶף Exodus 21:32 (JE)
• Leviticus 5:15; Numbers 18:16 (Priestly Code)
• אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף Genesis 23:15, 16 (Priestly Code)

b. shekel omitted

• Genesis 20:16; Genesis 45:22 (Elohist Source)
• Genesis 37:28 (Yahwist Source)
• Hosea 3:2; Song of Solomon 8:11

c. talents

• כִּכַּר הַכֶּסֶף Exodus 38:27 (Priestly Code)
• 1 Kings 20:39; 2 Kings 5:22; 2 Kings 15:19
• 1 Chronicles 22:14; Ezra 8:26

d. minas

• מָנִים חֲמֵשֶׁת אֲלָפִים כֶּסֶף Ezra 2:69; Nehemiah 7:70

e. money (measure of value and exchange)

• Genesis 31:15; Genesis 42:25 (Elohist Source)
• מִקְנַת כֶּסֶף one bought for money Genesis 17:12, 13 (Priestly Code)
• כֶּסֶף מָלֵא full price Genesis 23:9
• כֶּסֶף אָשָׁם 2 Kings 12:17 trespass-money
• כֶּסֶף הַכִּפֻּרִים Exodus 30:16 atonement-money

9. Verbs and phrases used with כֶּ֫סֶף

• צרף try, refine, Zechariah 13:9; Isaiah 48:10
• שָׁקַל כֶּסֶף weigh out silver Jeremiah 32:9; Genesis 23:16
• מָכַר בְּכֶסֶף sell for money Amos 2:6; Genesis 37:28
• קָנָה בְכֶסֶף buy for money Amos 8:6; Jeremiah 32:25
• נָתַן כֶּסֶף בְּנֶשֶׁךְ give money on usury Leviticus 25:37; Psalm 15:5

¹ Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae Hebraeae et Chaldaeae veteris Testamenti (1829–1858).

² W. Robertson Smith, Journal of Philology, xiv. 125.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἀργύριον ἀργυρίου ἀργυρίῳ ἀργυρᾶν ἀργυρᾶ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3701:

ἀργύριον 156× (36.0%)

ἀργυρίου 104× (25.5%)

ἀργυρίῳ 18× (4.1%)

ἀργυρᾶν 15× (3.9%)

ἀργυρᾶ 11× (2.7%)

'' 11× (2.5%)

ἀργυροῦν 11× (2.8%)

ἀργυραῖ 9× (2.3%)

ἀργυρᾶσ 7× (1.8%)

--- 7× (1.8%)

RBT Translation:

turns/successions gold we are making to yourself/walk together with/a people points Silver ones

RBT Paraphrase:
We are making turns/successions of gold to yourself in company with points of the Silver.

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
We will make for thee rows of gold, with marks of silver.

LITV Translation:
We will make you ornaments of gold with studs of silver.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
We will make thee figures of gold With studs of silver.