Song of Solomon 1:10

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

נאוו נָאווּ

they have become lovely

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נאה

nâʼâh

Definition

properly, to be at home, i.e. (by implication) to be pleasant (or suitable), i.e. beautiful

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to be at home, i.e. (by implication) to be pleasant (or suitable), i.e. beautiful; be beautiful, become, be comely.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4998

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָאָה

verb • Root נאה • Strongs / High • Page 929

A root that interchanges with יָאַה, showing y/n interchange.

נָאָה

verb • Root נח נוח • Strongs / High • Page 932

I. To rest, settle down comfortably, to encamp. Hence to dwell, to abide.

נָאָה

verb • Root יאה • Strongs / High • Page 932

II. To be beautiful, lovely, pleasant, proper to fit, to agree, to become; identical with יָאָה.

נָאָה

verb • Root נאה • Strongs / High • Page 976

(not used in Qal) 1. trans. to speak pleasantly, metaphorically to flatter. 2. same as נָוָה I, to settle down comfortably.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָאָה

verb • Root נוה • Page 420

to be fair, beautiful; kindred with נָוָה. Cant. 1: 10, 2: 14, 4: 3, Is. 52: 7.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4998

I. נָאָה (approximate number of occurrences: 3) verb (only Pi‘lel) — be comely, befitting.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew נאה Pi‘el, Hithpa‘el
• Aramaic (Targum) נוֺאִי beauty
• Compare אוה (I) desire, i.e. desirable

— Pi‘lel Perfect נַאֲוָה Psalm 93:5 (Masora נָָֽאֲוָה); נָאווּ Isaiah 52:7, Songs 1:10.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. be comely

• Isaiah 52:7 (of feet of messenger, figurative)
• Songs 1:10 (of cheeks)

b. be befitting

• Psalm 93:5 (קֹדֶשׁ לְבֵיתְךָ נַאֲוָה)

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² B. Stade, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879).

³ J. Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (1861).

Verb Piel perfect third person common plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H4998:

No stats available

לחייך לְחָיַיִךְ

the jawbones of yourself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לחי

lᵉchîy

Definition

the cheek (from its fleshiness); hence, the jaw-bone

Root

from an unused root meaning to be soft;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to be soft; the cheek (from its fleshiness); hence, the jaw-bone; cheek (bone), jaw (bone).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3895

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9022

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לְחִי

noun masculine • Root לחח • Strongs / High • Page 781

1. Properly the sprouting hair on the chin, then: the bearded chin, the cheek, the jaw-bone of animals. 2. N.p. of a rocky district in the mountains of Judah.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לְחִי

noun feminine • Page 344

1. a jaw-bone. Judg. 15:15-17. Job 40:26. Ps. 3:8. 2. a cheek. To be smitten on the cheek is a sign of humiliation and disgrace, Mic. 4:14. 1 K. 22:24. Lam. 3:30. 3. proper name of a country on the borders of Philistia. Judg. 15:9, 14, 19. more full רָמַת לֶחִי verse 17.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3895

I. לְחִי (Song of Solomon 1:10) noun masculine — jaw, cheek.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic לוֺחָא
• Arabic لَحْيٌ
• Assyrian la—û (compare Dl^{HWB 375})

— לְחִי absolute Judges 15:17, Micah 4:14; construct Judges 15:15 (2 times); לֶ֑חִי 1 Kings 22:24 (3 times) + Judges 15:19 (twice in verse); suffix לֶחֱיוֺ Job 40:26; לֶחֱיָהּ Lamentations 1:2; dual לְחָיַיִּם Deuteronomy 18:3; construct לְחָיֵי Isaiah 30:28; suffix לְחָיַי Isaiah 50:6, compare Job 16:10 etc.; לְחֵיהֶם Hosea 11:4; —

1. Jaw, jawbone

Of animal:

• Judges 15:15, 16 (twice in verse), 17 (under jaw of ass)
• Compare proper name of location רָכַת לֶ֑חִי Judges 15:17
• In simile עַל־לְחֵיהֶם כִּמְרִימֵי עֹל Hosea 11:4 like those lifting up a yoke from upon their jaws (Israel under figure of oxen)
• Of sacrificial ox or sheep Deuteronomy 18:3
• Of crocodile Job 40:26
• Of Pharaoh under figure of תַּנִּים Ezekiel 29:4 (compare Ezekiel 29:3)
• Compare Ezekiel 38:4; Isaiah 30:28

2. Cheek

Of man or woman:

• Of man 1 Kings 22:24; 2 Chronicles 18:23; Job 16:10; Psalm 3:8; Songs 5:13; Isaiah 50:6; Lamentations 3:30; Micah 4:14
• Of woman Songs 1:10
• Of Jerusalem figurative Lamentations 1:2

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (1896).

Noun common both dual construct, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular

LXX: σιαγόνα σιαγόνασ σιαγόνεσ σιαγόνι

LXX Usage Statistics

H3895:

σιαγόνα 7× (32.1%)

σιαγόνασ 3× (11.8%)

σιαγόνεσ 2× (10.5%)

σιαγόνι 2× (8.9%)

בתרים בַּתֹּרִים

within the successions/turns

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

תור

tôwr

Definition

a succession, i.e. a string or (abstractly) order

Root

or תר; from H8446 (תור);

Exhaustive

or תר; from תור; a succession, i.e. a string or (abstractly) order; border, row, turn.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8447

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תּוֹר

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1506

(Aram.) Same as Hebrew שׁוֹר: an ox, a heifer (Dan 4:22, 29, 30); also calves (Ezr 6:9).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תֹּר

noun • Page 726

A turtledove. Reference: see תּוֹר no. I.

תּוֹר

m. dec. i. • Page 711

I. a turtledove, turtur, so called from the noise which it makes. Gen. 15: 9. Lev. 12: 6. Used as a word of endearment to one beloved, Cant. 2: 12. Ps. 74: 19. thy turtledove, i. e. thy persecuted affrighted people, with the accessory idea of affection.

תּוֹר

m. dec. i. • Page 711

II. 1. a row, order, turn. Est. 2: 12, 15. 2. a row or string of pearls or metallic beads, which hung down over the face. Cant. 1: 10, 11.

תּוֹר

noun masculine • Page 711

III. 1 Chr. 17: 17. a manner, i. q. תּוֹרָה no. 3. which stands in the parallel passage 2 Sam. 7: 19. If the reading is correct, then the word may be derived from no. II. a row, or be a contraction of תּוֹרָה.

תּוֹר

chald. • Page 711

an ox, i. q. Heb. שׁוֹר. Plur. תּוֹרִין oxen. Dan. 4: 22, 29, 30 [4: 25, 32, 33 in some versions]. 5: 21. Ezra 6: 9, 17.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8447

I. תּוֺר, תֹּר noun masculine — plait, turn.

Cognates:

• Arabic دَوْرٌ period, succession (περίוδος)

— plural תּוֺרִים Song of Solomon 1:10; construct תּוֺרֵי זָהָב Song of Solomon 1:11; singular construct תֹּר Esther 2:12, Esther 2:15.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Plaits, circlets

• תּוֺרִים plaits (of hair ?) Song of Solomon 1:10
• תּוֺרֵי זָהָב plaits, circlets of gold Song of Solomon 1:11

b. Turn, opportunity

• construct תֹּר נַעֲרָה Esther 2:12
• Esther 2:15

2. Textual Notes

תּוֺר אדם 1 Chronicles 17:17 is corrupt, parallel to 2 Samuel 7:19 תּוֺרַת הָאָדָם, also difficult, see תּוֺרָה 3; Klo Perles¹ תֹּאַר, q. v.

¹ Felix Perles, Analekten zur Textkritik des Alten Testaments (1895).

Preposition -Within Art, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H8447:

No stats available

צוארך צַוָּארֵךְ

your neck

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

צואר

tsavvâʼr

Definition

the back of the neck (as that on which burdens are bound)

Root

or צור; (Nehemiah 3:5), or צורןlemma צורן missing vowel, corrected to צורן; (Song of Solomon 4:9), or (feminine) צוארה; (Micah 2:3), intensively from H6696 (צור) in the sense of binding;

Exhaustive

or צור; (Nehemiah 3:5), or צורןlemma צורן missing vowel, corrected to צורן; (Song of Solomon 4:9), or (feminine) צוארה; (Micah 2:3), intensively from צור in the sense of binding; the back of the neck (as that on which burdens are bound); neck.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6677

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9022

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צַוָּאר

noun masculine • Root צור • Strongs / High • Page 1219

The neck or nape; the uppermost part of the trunk, fore and hind parts together. Figuratively, the upper story (gabel) of a house, or the nape where a burden or yoke is borne. Used idiomatically for 'boldness' or 'pride' (with erect neck).

צַוָּאר

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1219

Same as the Hebrew word צַוָּאר (neck, nape).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6677

I. צַוָּאר noun masculine^{Psalm 75:6} — neck, back of neck.

— צַוָּאר absolute Isaiah 8:8 +; construct צַוַּאר Jeremiah 28:10 (3 times); suffix צַוָּארִי Lamentations 1:14, צַוָּרָם Nehemiah 3:5, etc.; plural construct צַוְּארֵי Judges 8:21 +; suffix צַוָּארָיו Genesis 27:16 +, צַוְּארֵיכֶם Jeremiah 27:12, צַוְּארֹתַיכֶם Micah 2:3.

1. Of man, especially back of neck

a. General usage

• Wearing chain as ornament Genesis 41:42 (Elohist Source)
• Of woman Songs 1:10, compare Judges 5:30 (read perhaps צַוָּארַי)
• Elsewhere in Genesis usually plural intensive, of individual: נָפַל עַל־צַוָּאר Genesis 45:14 (Elohist Source), Genesis 46:29; Genesis 33:4 (Qr; Kt singular)
• בָּכָה עַל־צַוָּאר Genesis 45:14, Genesis 46:29 (Yahwist Source)
• חֶלְקַת צַוַּארָיו smooth part of neck Genesis 27:16 (Yahwist Source)
• Neck of beautiful woman Songs 4:4, Songs 7:5
• As pressed by foot of conqueror Joshua 10:24 (twice in verse) (Jahwist-Elohist Source)
• As smitten with sword Ezekiel 21:34

b. Place of burden or restraint

• Place of yoke Genesis 27:40 (singular; Yahwist Source), Deuteronomy 28:48, Isaiah 10:27, Jeremiah 27:2, 8, 11, 12, Jeremiah 28:10, 11, 12, 14, Jeremiah 30:8
• Of transgressions as yoke Lamentations 1:14
• Place of bonds Isaiah 52:2
• Of bearing load Nehemiah 3:5 (figurative)
• Calamity as burden Micah 2:3

c. Figurative and measurement

• עַד־צַוָּאר as measurement of height (depth) Isaiah 8:8, Isaiah 30:28, Habakkuk 3:13
• בְּצַוָּאר עָתָק figurative Psalm 75:6 speak not with arrogant neck (but read perhaps בַּצּוּר against the Rock, LXX κατὰ τοῦ θεοῦ)
• Of wicked, rushing against God Job 15:26
• עַל־צַוָּארֵנוּ נִרְדָּפְנוּ Lamentations 5:5 is dubious; some read עֹל עַל־צַוָּארֵנוּ

2. Neck of animals

• Camels (wearing ornaments) Judges 8:21, 26
• Heifer Hosea 10:11 (i.e. place of yoke, in figure of Ephraim)
• Horse Job 39:19, crocodile Job 41:22

[צַוָּרוֺן] noun masculine plural — necklace.

• suffix אַחַד עֲנָק מִצַּוְּרֹנָיִךְ Songs 4:9

¹ Elohist Source.

² Yahwist Source.

³ Jahwist-Elohist Source.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular

LXX: τράχηλον τραχήλου τραχήλουσ τράχηλόσ τραχήλῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6677a:

τράχηλον 11× (22.2%)

τραχήλου 9× (18.3%)

τραχήλουσ 4× (8.3%)

τράχηλόσ 3× (7.0%)

τραχήλῳ 3× (6.0%)

τράχηλόν 3× (6.0%)

τραχήλων 2× (4.7%)

τραχήλοισ 2× (3.3%)

בחרוזים בַּחֲרוּזִים׃

within a string of pearls

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חרוז

chârûwz

Definition

properly, pierced, i.e. a bead of pearl, gems or jewels (as strung)

Root

from an unused root meaning to perforate;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to perforate; properly, pierced, i.e. a bead of pearl, gems or jewels (as strung); chain.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2737

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּ

preposition • Page 84

A preposition with various meanings: 4. by (swearing, Gen. 22:16); 5. through (Num. 12:2); 6. upon (Num. 14:10); 7. to a place or thing (Judg. 6:35); 8. against (Gen. 16:12); 9. concerning (after 'to speak'); 10. out of, from (Gen. 44:5); 11. among; 12. before (Gen. 23:18); 13. for (Deut. 19:21); 14. on account of (Gen. 18:28); 15. after, according to (Gen. 1:26); 16. as (Job 34:36); 17. used with verbs of sense; 18. Beth essentiae (Jehovah is among my helpers, Ps. 118:7); 19. before an infinitive: when, while, after, since (Gen. 2:4).

בּ

prefix • Page 83

A prefix preposition with various meanings: 1. In or into a place/subject. 2. With, denoting an instrument, aid, or concomitance. 3. On, at, or near.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2737

I. חָרוּז (approximate number of occurrences: 1) noun masculine — string of beads.

— Only plural חֲרוּזִים Song of Solomon 1:10.

1. Meanings and Uses

• Song of Solomon 1:10 צַוָּארֵךְ בַּחֲרוּזִים thy neck (is comely) with strings of beads.

Preposition -Within Art, Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H2737:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

they have become lovely the jawbones of yourself within the successions/turns your neck within a string of pearls

RBT Paraphrase:
They have become lovely, the jawbones of yourself within the successions/turns of the neck of yourself in a string of pearls.

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Thy cheeks were beautiful with with rows, thy neck with strings of pearls.

LITV Translation:
Your cheeks are lovely with ornaments, your neck with chains of beads .

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
How are thy cheeks beautiful as those of a dove, Thy neck as chains!