Psalms 77:16

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

גאלת גָּאַלְתָּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גאל

gâʼal

Definition

to be the next of kin (and as such to buy back a relative's property, marry his widow, etc.)

Root

a primitive root, to redeem (according to the Oriental law of kinship), i.e.

Exhaustive

a primitive root, to redeem (according to the Oriental law of kinship), i.e.; to be the next of kin (and as such to buy back a relative's property, marry his widow, etc.); [idiom] in any wise, [idiom] at all, avenger, deliver, (do, perform the part of near, next) kinsfolk(-man), purchase, ransom, redeem(-er), revenger.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1350

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גָּאַל

verb • Root גאל • Strongs / High • Page 292

A verb with a twofold signification: 1. to redeem, to be redeemed, to buy back. 2. to be polluted, defiled, soiled; to make unclean.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גָּאַל

verb • Page 122

I. 1. to demand back one's property; hence (1.) to repurchase or buy again an estate (Lev. 25:25, Ruth 4:4, 6); (2.) to redeem what has been vowed (Lev. 27:13, 15, 19, 20); (3.) to require satisfaction for bloodshed, to avenge the blood of one slain (Num. 35:19 ff., Deut. 19:6, 12, 20:5, 9). 2. to redeem, ransom (Lev. 25:49); hence to deliver or set free (Gen. 48:16, Ex. 6:6, Ps. 19:15, 103:4, 106:10, Is. 44:22, 48:20, 52:9). 3. signifies one nearest of kin who has the right of repurchase and avenging of blood. Lev.

גָּאַל

verb • Root גאל • Page 123

To redeem, act as a kinsman. Includes the obligation to marry the widow of a deceased relative (Ruth 3:13). References: Ruth 3:12, 1K.16:11, Ruth 3:13, Tob. 3:17, Lev. 25:30.

גָּאַל

verb • Root גאל • Page 123

To defile, pollute, disgrace. Job 3:5, Mal. 1:7, 12, Zeph. 3:1, Is. 59:3, Lam. 4:14, Is. 63:3, Dan. 1:8.

גָּאַל

verb • Root גאל • Page 123

To reject, exclude. In Syriac: to reject, be rejected. References: Ezra 2:62, Neh. 7:64.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1350

I. גָּאַל (approximate number of occurrences: 104) verb — redeem, act as kinsman (Late Hebrew, Niph`al be redeemed; also גּוֹאֵל, גְּאוּלָּה).

— גָּאַל Perfect גָּאַל Isaiah 44:23 (14 times); Imperfect יִגְאַל Leviticus 25:33 (18 times); Imperative גְּאַל Ruth 4:6 (3 times); Infinitive absolute גָּאֹל Leviticus 27:13 (2 times); construct לִגְאוֹל Ruth 4:4 (2 times); suffix לְגָאֳלֵךְ Ruth 3:13; Participle גֹּאֵל Leviticus 25:26 (24 times), גּוֹאֵל Isaiah 59:20; Psalm 103:4; suffix גֹּאַלְךָ Isaiah 48:17, גֹּאֲלֵךְ Isaiah 54:8 (suffix 19 times); passive plural גְּאוּלִים Isaiah 35:9 (4 times).

1. Act as kinsman, do the part of next of kin

(Chiefly in Deuteronomic, Holiness, and Priestly codes and Ruth), גֹּאֵל kinsman Leviticus 25:25 (Holiness Code); Numbers 5:8; Numbers 35:12 (Priests' Code); Ruth 2:20; Ruth 3:9, Ruth 3:12; Ruth 4:1, 3, 6, 8, 14; 1 Kings 16:11.

a. In taking a kinsman's widow

• אִם יִגְאָלֵךְ טוֹב יִגְאָל וְאִם לֹא יֶחְפַּץ לְגָאֳלֵךְ וּגְאַלְתִּיךְ if he will do thee the kinsman's part (raise up children by the widow) well, let him do the kinsman's part; but if he is not pleased to do thee the kinsman's part then I will do thee the kinsman's part Ruth 3:13

b. In redeeming from bondage

• Leviticus 25:48, Leviticus 25:49 (Holiness Code)

c. In redeeming a field

• Leviticus 25:26, Leviticus 25:33 (Holiness Code)
• Ruth 4:4, Ruth 4:6

d. Claim as kinsman

• Job 3:5

e. The avenger of blood

גֹּאֵל הַדָּם:

• Numbers 35:19, 21, 24, 25, 27 (twice in verse)
• Joshua 20:3, 5 (?; not in ᵐ5¹), Joshua 20:9 (Priests' Code)
• Deuteronomy 19:6, 12 (Deuteronomic Source)
• 2 Samuel 14:11

2. Redeem, by payment of value assessed

Of consecrated things, by the original owner:

• Leviticus 27:13, 15, 19, 20, 31 (Priests' Code)

3. Redeem, with God as subject implying personal relationship

Chiefly in poetry:

a. Individuals

• From death: Psalm 103:4; Lamentations 3:58; Hosea 13:14
• From all evil: Genesis 48:16 (+ מִכָּל רָע) (Elohist Source poetry)
• Soul (נֶפֶשׁ): Psalm 69:19; Psalm 72:14
• Orphans: Proverbs 23:11; Jeremiah 50:34
• In legal plea: רִיבָה רִיבִי וּגְאָלֵנִי Psalm 119:154
• As kinsman-redeemer: גֹּאֲלִי Job 19:25, צוּרִי וְגֹאֲלִי Psalm 19:15

b. Israel, from Egyptian bondage

• Exodus 6:6 (Priests' Code?)
• Exodus 15:13 (Song)
• Psalm 74:2; Psalm 77:16; Psalm 78:35
• From the hand of the enemy (+ מִיַּד אוֹיֵב) Psalm 106:10

c. From exile

(Chiefly Isaiah³, the verb not in Isaiah¹):

• Isaiah 43:1; Isaiah 44:22–23; Isaiah 48:20; Isaiah 52:9; Isaiah 63:9; Micah 4:10; Psalm 107:2; Jeremiah 31:11
• Yahweh as גֹּאֵל: Isaiah 41:14; Isaiah 43:14; Isaiah 44:6, 24; Isaiah 47:4; Isaiah 48:17; Isaiah 49:7, 26; Isaiah 54:5, 8; Isaiah 59:20; Isaiah 60:16; Isaiah 63:16
• The people as גְּאוּלִים: Isaiah 35:9; Isaiah 51:10; Isaiah 62:12; Isaiah 63:4; Psalm 107:2

Niph`al Perfect נִגְאַל Leviticus 25:49; Imperfect יִגָּאֵל Leviticus 25:30 (5 times); תִּגָּאֵלוּ Isaiah 52:3;

1. reflexive redeem oneself
   • Leviticus 25:49 (Holiness Code)
2. passive be redeemed
   • a. field Leviticus 25:30 (Holiness Code), slave Leviticus 25:54 (Holiness Code)
   • b. consecrated things Leviticus 27:20, 27, 28, 33 (Priests' Code)
   • c. Jerusalem by Yahweh Isaiah 52:3

גְּאוּלַי Isaiah 63:4, in שְׁנַת ג, noun abstract redemption, according to ᵐ5¹ ᵑ6² ᵑ9³ Ges Hi De MV Che Di RVm; then either plural abstract suffix year of (my) redemption (so most); or abstract form in י֯, after Syriac analogy, Lag⁴ (ᵐ5 omit my); but < Passive participle plural suffix my ransomed (released) ones Ew Br Brd AV RV.

¹ Septuagint.

² Syriac Peshitta.

³ Latin Vulgate.

⁴ Paul de Lagarde, Symmicta ii. 101 f. Semitica i. 19, 68. Bildung der Nomina 192 (BN).

Verb Qal perfect second person masculine singular

LXX: ἀγχιστεύων λυτρῶται λυτρώσεται ἀγχιστεύοντοσ ῥυσάμενόσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1350a:

ἀγχιστεύων 8× (6.5%)

λυτρῶται 6× (5.7%)

λυτρώσεται 6× (5.6%)

ἀγχιστεύοντοσ 5× (3.9%)

ῥυσάμενόσ 5× (3.9%)

λυτρώσηται 4× (3.8%)

λυτρούμενοσ 4× (3.2%)

ἀγχιστεὺσ 4× (3.7%)

ἐλυτρώσατο 4× (3.7%)

ἐλυτρώσω 4× (3.8%)

בזרוע בִּזְרוֹעַ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

זרוע

zᵉrôwaʻ

Definition

the arm (as stretched out), or (of animals) the foreleg; figuratively, force

Root

or (shortened) זרע; and (feminine) זרועה; or זרעה; from H2232 (זרע);

Exhaustive

or (shortened) זרע; and (feminine) זרועה; or זרעה; from זרע; the arm (as stretched out), or (of animals) the foreleg; figuratively, force; arm, [phrase] help, mighty, power, shoulder, strength.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2220

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זְרוֹעַ

noun masculine • Root זרע • Strongs / High • Page 444

Also spelled זְרֹעַ. The member necessary for lifting and carrying burdens. 1. The arm, the lower arm, brachium; of animals, the shoulder. 2. Metaphorically: power, might, the might of hands, human might, exertion of power, fulness of power, violence, violent deed, helping power, assistance, help; hence army.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

זְרוֹעַ

com. gen. • Page 208

1. the arm, in animals the shoulder or fore-leg. Num. 6: 19, 20. Deut. 18: 3. By way of eminence the forepart of the arm (Job 31: 22).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2220

I. זְרוֺעַ, זְרֹעַ (approximate number of occurrences: 91) noun feminine (Exodus 6:6) and (rarely) masculine (Isaiah 51:5) — arm, shoulder, strength.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Assyrian zurû
• Arabic ذِرَاع
• Aramaic דְּרָעָא, דַּרְעָא
• Ethiopic መዝራዕት

— זְרוֺעַ absolute Exodus 6:6 +, זְרֹעַ Deuteronomy 7:19 +; construct זְרוֺעַ Psalm 10:15 +, זְרֹעַ Psalm 89:11 +; suffix זְרוֺעִי Jeremiah 27:5, Psalm 89:22, זְרֹעִי Isaiah 51:5, Isaiah 63:5; זְרוֺעֲךָ Psalm 71:18 +, זְרֹעֲךָ 1 Samuel 2:31 +, etc.; plural זְרֹעִים Daniel 11:31; construct זְרֹעֵי Genesis 49:24; suffix זְרֹעַי Isaiah 51:5, זְרֹעָיו 2 Kings 9:24; elsewhere feminine form, construct זְרוֺעוֺת Psalm 37:17, זְרֹעוֺת Job 22:9 (6 times), זְרֹעֹת Deuteronomy 33:27; suffix זְרוֺעֹתָ֑י Psalm 18:35, זְרֹעֹתָ֑י 2 Samuel 22:35, etc. (In absolute and construct singular more often plene, in plural and with suffix more often defect. In three instances where ז׳ is masculine it means a political or military force Daniel 11:15, 22, 31).

1. Arm

a. Literally

• Of a man: Judges 15:14; Judges 16:12; 2 Samuel 1:10; Isaiah 9:19; Isaiah 17:5; Deuteronomy 33:20; Zechariah 11:17 (twice); Song of Solomon 8:6; Daniel 10:6; Ezekiel 13:18 (strike out Cornill²)
• (+ כֹּחוֺ ז׳) Of a smith: Isaiah 44:12
• (+ חֲשׂוּפָה ז׳) Of a prophet: Ezekiel 4:7
• In figure of Yahweh teaching Ephraim to walk: Hosea 11:3
• זְרֹעֵי יָדָיו Genesis 49:24 arms of his hands (arms enabling drawing of the bow)
• 2 Kings 9:24 his shoulders (seen from behind)

b. Arm as seat of (human) strength

• Psalm 18:35 = 2 Samuel 22:35
• ז׳ לֹא־עֹז Job 26:2; כּוֺחַ הַזּ׳ Daniel 11:6
• חִוַּקְתִּי ז׳ Hosea 7:15; Ezekiel 30:24–25
• With שׁבר (breaking the arm): Psalm 10:15; Psalm 37:17; Jeremiah 48:25 ("" קֶרֶן); Ezekiel 30:21, 22, 24; ז׳ רָמָה תִּשָּׁבֵר Job 38:15

c. Yahweh's arm as instrument of deliverance and judgment

• ז׳ נְטוּיָה (outstretched arm): Deuteronomy 4:34; Deuteronomy 5:15; Deuteronomy 26:8; Ezekiel 20:33–34; Psalm 136:12; 1 Kings 8:42 ("" יָד חֲזָקָה)
• In creation: Jeremiah 27:5; Jeremiah 32:17 ("" כֹּחַ גָּדוֺל)
• בִּז׳ נְטוּיָה Exodus 6:6 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
• ז׳ חֲזָקָה Jeremiah 21:5 ("" יָד נְטוּיָה)
• גְּדֹל זְרוֺעֲךָ Exodus 15:16 (Song of the Sea)
• ז׳ קָדְשׁוֺ Psalm 98:1 ("" יְמִינוֺ), Isaiah 52:10
• Support of weak: Isaiah 40:11 (shepherd figure); זְרֹעֹת עוֺלָם Deuteronomy 33:27

2. Arm as symbol of strength

a. Human strength

• 1 Samuel 2:31 (twice; LXX read זַרְעֲךָ and זֶרַע⁴)
• וַתְּאַמֵּץ זְרוֺעתֶיהָ Proverbs 31:17
• ז׳ בָּשָׂר 2 Chronicles 32:8; שָׂם בָּשָׂר זְרֹעוֺ Jeremiah 17:5 ("" יִבְטַח בָּאָדָם)
• זְרֹעוֺת יְתֹמִים Job 22:9 (resources)
• הָיוּ זְרוֺעַ לִבְנֵי־לוֹט Psalm 83:9

b. Divine strength

• Psalm 71:18 ("" גְּבוּרָה)
• זְרֹעוֺ מֹשְׁלָה לוֹ Isaiah 40:10
• זְרֹעַי עַמִּים יִשְׁפֹּטוּ Isaiah 51:5 (Strack thinks masculine to avoid feminine verbal ending)
• As help: Isaiah 33:2 ("" יְשׁוּעָה); Isaiah 53:1; Isaiah 59:16

3. Forces

Plural forces, political and military:

• Daniel 11:15
• Daniel 11:22
• Daniel 11:31

4. Shoulder

Shoulder of animal sacrificed, belonging to priest:

• Numbers 6:19 (Priests' Code)
• Deuteronomy 18:3

¹ Marcus Jastrow, Journal of Biblical Literature, vol. xi, 1892, p. 123.

² Carl Heinrich Cornill, Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

³ Variorum Bible (Malachi 2:3).

⁴ August Klostermann; S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel.

Preposition, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: βραχίονι βραχίων βραχίονα βραχίονασ βραχίονά

LXX Usage Statistics

H2220:

βραχίονι 15× (13.6%)

βραχίων 14× (14.5%)

βραχίονα 8× (8.7%)

βραχίονασ 7× (7.5%)

βραχίονά 7× (6.9%)

βραχίονεσ 6× (6.2%)

σπέρμα 6× (6.4%)

βραχιόνων 5× (5.5%)

βραχίονοσ 5× (5.3%)

βραχίονί 4× (3.6%)

עמך עַמֶּךָ

in company/equally with you

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עם

ʻam

Definition

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

Root

from H6004 (עמם);

Exhaustive

from עמם; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock; folk, men, nation, people.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5971

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9021

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַם

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1100

Properly union, association, community, congregation, company. Hence: 1. A people (including the Israelite people, different nations, mankind, inhabitants of a city, countrymen, a tribe, kindred, or family-stock). 2. The mass of the people, the populace, or lower people (opposed to leaders/rich). 3. A troop of animals.

עַם

noun m. • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

People, the community, the mass of the people. Used along with אֻמָּה and גּוֹי.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַם

com. gen. • Page 512

a people, i. e. my people or country. Applied to animals, Prov. 30: 25, 26. Ps. 74: 14. Plur. עַמִּים (rarely in Chaldaic form עַמְמִים). Denotes the Jews as opposed to other nations (gentiles). Sometimes plur. stands for singular as Lev. 19: 16. נֶאֱסַף אֶל־עַמָּיו to be gathered to his people, i. e. to die.

עַם

chald. n. • Page 512

idem. Plur. עַמְמִין, emph. עַמְמַיָּא, Dan. 3 : 4, 7, 31. 5 : 19. 6 : 26. 7 : 14.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5971

I. עַם, עָם (approximate number of occurrences: 1840) noun masculine^{Genesis 11:6} — people.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew עַם (idem, plebeian)
• Aramaic עַמָּא people (plural peoples, tribes)
• Syriac ܥܡܐ
• Arabic عم (original meaning probably those united, connected, related¹)

— עַם absolute Genesis 11:6 +; עָם Judges 9:36 +; הָעָם Joshua 8:11 +; construct עַם Numbers 21:29 +; suffix עַמִּי Exodus 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Exodus 22:27 +; plural עַמִּים Isaiah 2:3 +; עֲמָמִים Nehemiah 9:22; construct עַמֵּי 1 Kings 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Nehemiah 9:24.

(Thesaurus cites following as feminine: וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Exodus 5:16 [but corrupt; read וְחַטָאתָ לְעַ, so Septuagint, Peshitta]; Judges 18:7 [but agrees with lost word city]; Jeremiah 8:5 [but read שׁוֺבַב]).

1. A people, nation

Collective noun (sometimes parallel גּוֺי):

• עַם אֶחָד (all mankind) Genesis 11:6 (Jehovist Source)
• Peoples in General: Genesis 27:29 (Jehovist Source; parallel לְאֻמִּים), Exodus 19:5 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 2:25, Deuteronomy 4:6, Nehemiah 13:24
• קְהַל עַמִּים assembly of peoples Genesis 28:3 (Priests' Code), Genesis 48:4 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 23:24
• Particular peoples: Egypt Genesis 41:40 (Elohist Source); עַם־אֲרָם Amos 1:5; Moab (עַם־כְּמוֺשׁ) Numbers 21:29 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Especially Israel: Exodus 1:20 (Elohist Source); עַם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Exodus 1:9 (Jehovist Source); עַם יהוה Numbers 11:29 (Elohist Source), 1 Samuel 2:24
• Figurative of ants Proverbs 30:25, rock-rabbits Proverbs 30:26, locusts Joel 2:2

2. Smaller units

a. Inhabitants of a city

• Genesis 19:4 (Jehovist Source)
• 1 Samuel 9:12, 13
• Jeremiah 29:16, 25

b. Inhabitants of a locality

• Jeremiah 37:12

c. Retainers, followers

• Genesis 14:16
• Genesis 32:8
• Genesis 33:15
• 2 Samuel 15:17

d. People bearing arms

• 1 Samuel 11:11
• עַם כָּבֵד (powerful force) Numbers 20:20 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• עַם הַצָּבָא Numbers 31:32 (Priests' Code)
• עַם הַמִּלְחָמָה Joshua 8:1, 3, 11 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

3. Common people

• Jeremiah 21:7, 22:4
• Leviticus 4:27 (opposed to ruler)
• Nehemiah 5:1, 7:5 (opposed to rulers)

4. Persons in general

• Genesis 50:20 (Elohist Source)
• Exodus 33:16 (Jehovist Source)
• עַם עוֺלָם (people of long ago in Sheol) Ezekiel 26:20

5. Common phrases

a. Compatriots

• בְּנֵי עַמּוֺ Numbers 22:5 (Elohist Source), Genesis 23:11 (Priests' Code), Leviticus 19:18 (Holiness Code)

b. Common people

• בְּנֵי הָעָם 2 Kings 23:6, 26:23

c. People of the land

• עַם הָאָרֶץ 2 Kings 11:14, Jeremiah 37:2, Genesis 23:7 (Priests' Code)

d. Designations of Israel

• עַם קָדוֺשׁ (holy people) Deuteronomy 7:6
• עַם סְגֻלָּה (treasured people) Deuteronomy 7:6, 26:18

---

II. [עַם] noun masculine — kinsman (later development of I. עַם²).

Cognates:

• Arabic عم paternal uncle
• Nabataean עם ancestor³

— suffix עַמִּי in בֶּן־עַמִּי; plural suffix עַמֶּיךָ Numbers 27:13, Numbers 31:2; עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8 +; עַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14 +.

1. father's kinsmen (especially of joining them in Sheol)
   • וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶל־עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8, 25:17, 35:29, 49:33 (all Priests' Code)
2. severed from kinsmen (excision)
   • וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14, Leviticus 7:20, Exodus 31:14 (Holiness Code)

---

Aramaic

עַם (compare Biblical Hebrew I. עַם) noun masculine — people.

• absolute Daniel 2:44, 3:29; Ezra 6:12
• construct Daniel 7:27
• emphatic עַמָּא Ezra 7:13, עַמָּה Ezra 5:12
• plural emphatic עַמֲמַיָּא Daniel 3:4, 3:7, 5:19, 7:14

¹ Julius Wellhausen, Grundriss der Geschichte Israels und Judas (GGN 1893, 480).

² W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia, 2nd ed., p. 72.

³ Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (1898), pp. 151, 499.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: λαοῦ λαὸσ λαὸν λαῷ λαόν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5971a:

λαοῦ 347× (18.2%)

λαὸσ 338× (17.6%)

λαὸν 251× (13.2%)

λαῷ 173× (8.7%)

λαόν 170× (8.8%)

λαόσ 132× (6.8%)

ἐθνῶν 46× (2.5%)

'' 43× (2.2%)

--- 41× (2.5%)

ἔθνη 39× (2.2%)

בני בְּנֵי־

sons/my son

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1121

I. בֵּן (approximate number of occurrences: 4870) noun masculine — son.

Cognates:

• Phoenician בן
• Sabean בני
• Arabic ٱבْن
• Assyrian binu
• Aramaic בַּר (plural בְּנִין)
• Possibly connected with בנה (build), compare Assyrian bânu (begetter).

— בֵּן absolute Genesis 4:25 +; בֵּןֿ Ezekiel 18:10; construct בֵּן Genesis 49:22; בֶּןֿ Genesis 5:32 +; suffix בְּנוֹ Numbers 23:18; בְּנִי Genesis 49:11; בִּן Deuteronomy 25:2 (32 times); plural בָּנִים Genesis 3:16 +; construct בְּנֵי Genesis 6:2 +; suffix בָּנַי Genesis 31:43 + etc.

1. Son, male child

Born of a woman Genesis 4:25; Genesis 16:11; Isaiah 49:15; begotten by a man Genesis 5:4; often contrasted with בַּת (daughter) Genesis 5:4; Exodus 20:10; Job 1:2.

a. Brother

בֶּן־אִמּוֹ son of his mother, i.e. uterine brother:

• Genesis 43:29
• Judges 8:19
• Psalm 50:20

b. Cousins

• Numbers 36:11 (בְּנֵי דֹדֵיהֶן)

c. As a term of endearment or relation to God

Used of kindliness by Eli to Samuel 1 Samuel 3:6, 16. Expressing intimate relation with God:

• Exodus 4:22 (Israel as בְּנִי בְכֹרִי)
• Hosea 11:1
• Deuteronomy 14:1
• 2 Samuel 7:14 (of Davidic king)

d. Of supernatural beings

• Genesis 6:2, 4 (בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים)
• Job 1:6; Job 38:7

e. Grandson and descendants

• Exodus 10:2 (בֶּן־בִּנְךָ)
• Genesis 29:5 (Laban son [grandson] of Nahor)
• Ruth 4:17 (of Naomi)

f. With personal names or attributes

• Numbers 14:30 (כָּלֵב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּה)
• 1 Samuel 20:27 (בֶּן־יִשַׁי often with contempt)
• Ecclesiastes 10:17 (בֶּן־חוֹרִים son of nobles)

g. Plural to denote membership in a nation or family

• Exodus 1:7 (613 times בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל)
• Genesis 19:38 (בְּנֵי־עַמּוֹן)
• Exodus 32:26 (בְּנֵי לֵוִי)

2. Children (male and female)

• Genesis 3:16
• Exodus 21:5
• Joshua 17:2 (+ זְכָרִים for male children)

3. Youth, young men

• Proverbs 7:7
• Song of Songs 2:3

4. The young of animals

• Leviticus 22:28
• 1 Samuel 6:7
• Job 39:4

5. Of plant-shoots

• Genesis 49:22 (בֵּן פֹּרָת)
• Psalm 80:16

6. Figurative of lifeless things

• Job 5:7 (בְּנֵי רֶשֶׁף sparks)
• Job 41:20 (בֶּן־קָשֶׁת arrows)
• Isaiah 21:10 (בֶּן־גָּרְנִי corn of threshing-floor)

7. Member of a guild, order, or class

• 1 Kings 20:35 (בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים prophetic order)
• Ezra 4:1 (בְּנֵי הַגּוֹלָה exiles)
• Genesis 17:12 (בֶּן־נֵכָר foreigner)
• Exodus 29:1 (בֶּן־בָּקָר one of the herd)

8. As relative noun of quality

• 1 Samuel 14:52 (בֶּן־חַיִל mighty man)
• 2 Samuel 12:5 (בֶּן־מָוֶת worthy of death)
• Numbers 17:25 (בְּנֵי מֶרִי rebels)

9. Noun relative of age

• Genesis 5:32 (בֶּן־חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה five hundred years old)
• Exodus 30:14 (מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמָעְלָה from twenty years old and upward)
• Exodus 12:5 (בֶּן־שָׁנָה a year old)

¹ Bernhard Stade, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879), § 183.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament (1886).

³ Jakob Barth, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG), 1887, 638 ff.

⁴ Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889), 75.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

יעקב יַעֲקֹב

Heel-Chaser

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יעקב

Yaʻăqôb

Definition

Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarch

Root

from H6117 (עקב); heel-catcher (i.e. supplanter);

Exhaustive

from עקב; heel-catcher (i.e. supplanter); Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarch; Jacob.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3290

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יַעֲקֹב

noun proper masculine • Root עקב • Strongs / High • Page 627

Heel-holder, cunning one, deceiver; or more correctly, successor, one born after. A proper name for the Jewish patriarch (Jacob), and by extension for the Jewish people, and the kingdoms of Israel and Judah.

יַעֲקֹב

proper name • Root עקב • Strongs / High • Page 1124

The proper name Jacob.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יַעֲקֹב

noun masculine • Page 291

holding the heel, supplanting; proper name of the second son of Isaac and progenitor of the Israelites. Gen. 25: 26; 27: 36; Hos. 12: 4. Spoken of the Israelitish people, the Israelites. Ps. 20: 2.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3290

I. יַעֲקֹב, יַעֲקוֹב (approximate number of occurrences: 349) proper name, masculine and of a people — Jacob.

Cognates:

• Greek Ιακωβ
• Egyptian Y±kb'ara
• Assyrian Ya±‡ubilu
• Palmyrene בלעקב, עתעקב

— יַעֲקוֹב Jeremiah 30:18 (5 times); יַעֲקֹב Genesis 25:26 (215 times in Hexateuch, chiefly Yahwist and Elohist Sources¹; 180 times in Genesis, once Leviticus, etc.), 34 times in Psalms, 42 times in Isaiah (27 times chapters 40–66), etc.

Son of Isaac and Rebekah, father of tribes of Israel (explanation from עָקֵב heel Genesis 25:26; Hosea 12:4; i.e. supplanter; compare with עָקַב overreach Genesis 27:36; one closely following according to Lagarde²; connection with Palestinian city called in Egyptian Y±kb'ara is obscure³; compare Meyer⁴, Jensen⁵; see also Babylonian name Ya±‡ubilu, Pinches in Hommel⁶; hence OT יַעֲקֹב perhaps originally יעקבקל or the like).

1. As proper name, masculine

• Genesis 25:26 205 times (+ אַבְרָהָם, יִצְחָק 19 times)
• בֵּית יַעֲקֹב house of Jacob, of people (see בַּיִת 5d (γ))
• בְּנֵי יַעֲקֹב sons of Jacob (see בֵּן 1j (β))
• זֶרַע יַעֲקֹב seed of Jacob (see זֶרַע 4f)
• עֵין יַעֲקֹב (see עַיִן)

2. As proper name, of a people

(c. 100 times; poetry and prophets):

• Numbers 24:5, 19
• Deuteronomy 32:9
• Psalm 44:5
• Isaiah 10:21
• Isaiah 17:4
• Jeremiah 10:25
• Jeremiah 30:7 +
• Parallel with יִשְׂרָאֵל Numbers 23:7; Deuteronomy 33:10; Isaiah 14:1; Psalm 14:7 + approx. 35 times

a. Specifically of Northern Israel

• Amos 7:2, 5
• Hosea 12:13 (+ Hosea 10:11; Hosea 12:3 probably)
• Micah 1:5 (twice in verse)
• Isaiah 9:7

b. Of Judah

• Micah 3:1, 8
• Obadiah 10
• Isaiah 65:9
• Malachi 2:12 + al. post-exilic

c. In Divine Titles

• גְּאוֺן יַעֲקֹב (see גָּאוֺן)
• אֵל יַעֲקֹב Psalm 146:5
• אֱלוֺהַּ יַעֲקֹב Psalm 114:7
• אֱלֹהֵי יַעֲקֹב 2 Samuel 23:1; Isaiah 2:3 = Micah 4:2; 9 times in Psalms
• אֱלֹהֵי יַעֲקֹב Psalm 24:6 (for MT יַעֲקֹב alone), so LXX, Syriac, Vulgate, and others
• קְדוֺשׁ יַעֲקֹב Isaiah 29:23 ("" אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל)
• מֶלֶךְ יַעֲקֹב Isaiah 41:21 ("" יהוה)

¹ Yahwist (J) and Elohist (E) Sources.

² Paul de Lagarde, Bildung der Nomina (BN), 1889, p. 127.

³ On יַעֲקֹב see especially S. R. Driver in Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible (DB), ii. 526 ff.

⁴ Eduard Meyer, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) vi. 1 ff.

⁵ P. Jensen, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie (ZA) x (1895-6), 347 ff.

⁶ Fritz Hommel, Ancient Hebrew Tradition (AHT), pp. 61, 96, 112.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: ιακωβ --- ισραηλ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3290:

ιακωβ 333× (96.1%)

--- 4× (1.2%)

ισραηλ 4× (1.1%)

'' 4× (1.0%)

ויוסף וְיוֹסֵף

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יוסף

Yôwçêph

Definition

Joseph, the name of seven Israelites

Root

future of H3254 (יסף); let him add (or perhaps simply active participle adding);

Exhaustive

future of יסף; let him add (or perhaps simply active participle adding); Joseph, the name of seven Israelites; Joseph. Compare יהוסף.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3130

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יוֹסֵף

noun proper masculine • Root יסף • Strongs / High • Page 598

Increaser, viz. Jah is; a proper name, Joseph. Also used to refer to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, the kingdom of the ten tribes, or the whole nation of Israel.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יוֹסֵף

m. proper name • Root אסף יסף • Page 279

Joseph; the youngest son (except Benjamin) of Jacob. Refers also to the two tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh or the kingdom of the ten tribes. Josh. 17:17, Ps. 78:67.

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: ιωσηφ --- ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3130:

ιωσηφ 201× (95.3%)

--- 2× (1.0%)

'' 2× (0.8%)

סלה סֶלָה׃

Build/Cast her up!

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

סלה

çelâh

Definition

suspension (of music), i.e. pause

Root

from H5541 (סלה);

Exhaustive

from סלה; suspension (of music), i.e. pause; Selah.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5542

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

סֶלָה

noun masculine • Root סלל • Strongs / High • Page 1022

Properly section, end, pause (of the song), denoting a pause or end, often referring to musical accompaniment.

סֶלָה

technical term • Root סל • Strongs / High • Page 1023

A technical term used at the end of a verse, derived from the concept of separating, dividing, or splitting off.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

סֶלָה

musical term • Root סלה • Page 476

(Milêl) a musical term, very frequent in the Psalms. It usually occurs at the end of a period or strophe. Derived from the Hebrew סָלָה (whence סֶלָה after the form בֶּכֶה), it would signify an elevation of the voice. Others regard it as a pause.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5542

I. סֶ֑לָה (approximate number of occurrences: 74) verb — lift up (voices), or exalt.

Notes and Etymology:

Imperative of סָלַל (compare Proverbs 4:8; Psalm 68:5; חִגָּיוֺן סלה Psalm 9:17, see הִגָּיוֹן), properly סֹ֑לָּה, סֶ֑לֶה; possibly Qr = נֶצַח. Hexapla σελ; ᵐ5 Symm Theod διάψαλμα, explanation Suidas μέλους ἐναλλαγή; Theodoret, Hippolytus μέλους μεταβολή (compare Hexapla Habakkuk 3:3 μεταβολὴ δια ψάλματος; Syriac, Hexapla Aq עוניתא in 5 Psalms); ᵐ5 adds διάψαλμα e.g. Psalm 2:2; Psalm 34:11; Psalm 94:15.

1. Traditions and Interpretations

Used with full knowledge that it indicated some kind of interruption or change in the regular rendering. סלה is used in שמונה עשרה (Shemoneh Esreh) after Benedictions 3, 18, and after other early Jewish prayers. Ancient versions provide various renderings:

• Aquila: αἐί (always); also Theodotion in Psalm 9:17.
• Sexta: διαπαντός (except Psalm 20:4 εἰς τέλος).
• Quinta: εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.
• Jerome: semper; Jerome classes sela with amen and salom.
• Targum: usually לעלמא or לעלמין; but Psalm 39:6 לחיי עלמא, Psalm 44:9 לעלמי עלמין, Psalm 48:9 עד עלמי עלמין, Psalm 49:14 לעלמא דאתי.

2. Usage and Occurrences

Total of 71 times in 39 Psalms, and 3 times in Habakkuk 3 (taken from the Director's Psalter למנצח).

a. At the end of a Psalm or section

• Habakkuk 3:9
• Psalm 24:10
• Psalm 46:12 (omitted by ᵐ5)
• Psalm 9:21 (ᵐ5 combines Psalms 9 and 10)

b. At the close of a strophe

• Habakkuk 3:3, 5
• Psalm 4:3, 5; Psalm 7:6; Psalm 9:17; Psalm 24:6; Psalm 32:4, 5, 7
• Psalm 39:6, 12; Psalm 46:4, 8; Psalm 47:5; Psalm 48:9; Psalm 49:14 (so read ᵑ0 for verse 13), 16
• Psalm 50:6; Psalm 52:5, 7; Psalm 54:5; Psalm 59:6, 14; Psalm 61:5; Psalm 62:5, 9
• Psalm 66:4, 7, 15; Psalm 67:5; Psalm 68:20; Psalm 76:4, 10; Psalm 77:4, 10, 16
• Psalm 81:8; Psalm 82:2; Psalm 83:9; Psalm 84:5, 9; Psalm 88:8, 11; Psalm 89:38, 46
• Psalm 140:4, 6, 9; Psalm 143:6

c. Where citations or liturgical extracts are made

• Psalm 44:9; Psalm 55:8; Psalm 57:7; Psalm 60:6; Psalm 67:2; Psalm 68:8, 33; Psalm 89:5; Habakkuk 3:3, 9
• Psalm 20:4; Psalm 21:3; Psalm 55:20; Psalm 75:4; Psalm 85:3; Psalm 87:3, 6; Psalm 89:49; Psalm 57:3 (ᵐ5 for ᵑ0 v 4); Habakkuk 3:13

3. Historical Distribution

Distribution in the Psalters: 23 used in the Elohistic Psalter, 28 in the Director's Psalter, and 39 in the final editing of the Psalter. The Davidic Psalter uses 20; the Korahite uses 9 (out of 12); and the Asaphite uses 7 + Psalm 80:8 [ᵐ5]. It appears to have come into use during the time of these editors, especially in the late Persian period, associated with musical accompaniment in public worship to indicate the place of benedictions. It was revived in the first century B.C. and continued for some time.

¹ Ewald, H., Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

² König, F. E., Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (Kö).

³ Jacob, B., Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) xvi (1896), 129 f.

⁴ Briggs, C. A., Journal of Biblical Literature (JBL) 1899; American Journal of Semitic Languages (AJSL) Oct. 1899, 1 ff.

Particle interjection

LXX: διάψαλμα

LXX Usage Statistics

H5542:

διάψαλμα 68× (97.1%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
The waters saw thee, O God, the waters saw thee; they will tremble, also the depths will be moved.

LITV Translation:
The waters saw You, O God, the waters saw You; they were afraid; yea, the deeps trembled.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And he brought water out of the rock, And caused waters to flow down as rivers.