Psalms 77:10

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

השכח הֲשָׁכַח

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

ha

Definition

? (interrog.)

Root

Interrogative particle

Exhaustive

the / or (interrog. particle)

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שכח

shâkach

Definition

to mislay, i.e. to be oblivious of, from want of memory or attention

Root

or שכח; a primitive root;

Exhaustive

or שכח; a primitive root; to mislay, i.e. to be oblivious of, from want of memory or attention; [idiom] at all, (cause to) forget.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7911

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁכַח

verb • Root שכח • Strongs / High • Page 1419

To intermit, to neglect; to leave, to release, to leave behind; to forsake, to leave unheeded; generally to forget; to be unmindful of God.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁכֵחַ

m. verbal adj. • Root שכח • Page 671

Forgetting, forgetful. Is. 65: 11. Plur. const. שְׁכֵחֵי Ps. 9: 18.

שְׁכַח

chald. v. • Root שכח • Page 671

To find.

שָׁכַח, שָׁכֵחַ

verb • Root שכח • Page 671

To forget. Is. 49: 14; Prov. 2: 17; Gen. 40: 23; Ps. 9: 13. Niph. to be forgotten. Gen. 41: 30; Ps. 31: 13. Pi. and Hiph. to cause to forget. Jer. 23: 27. Hithpa. to be forgotten. Ecc. 8: 10.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7911

I. שָׁכַח (approximate number of occurrences: 102) verb — forget.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Ecclesiasticus 45:26c, 11:25
• Aramaic שְׁכַךְ (meaning find)

— Qal₈₆ Perfect 3 masculine singular שָׁכַח Psalm 9:13 +; suffix שְׁכֵחָ֑נִי Isaiah 49:14; 2 feminine singular שָׁכַחְתְּ Jeremiah 13:25; 1 plural suffix שְׁכַחֲנוּךָ Psalm 44:18, etc.; Imperfect יִשְׁכַּח Deuteronomy 4:31 +, etc.; Imperative feminine singular שִׁכְּחִי Psalm 45:11; Infinitive absolute שָׁכֹךְַ; Participle plural construct שֹׁכְחֵי Job 8:13, Psalm 50:22.

1. Subject man

a. Accusative of thing

• Genesis 27:45 (Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 4:9
• Deuteronomy 9:7 (opposed to זָכַר)
• = forget and leave, with ב of location: Deuteronomy 24:19
• with object clause with כִּי: Job 39:15
• with מִן and infinitive: Psalm 102:5

b. Accusative of person

• Involving forgetting to mention: Genesis 40:23 (Elohist Source; opposed to זכר)
• Ceasing to care for: Jeremiah 30:14 (figurative)
• Isaiah 49:15 (twice in verse)
• Job 19:14, Psalm 45:11
• With accusative of Jerusalem: Psalm 137:5a
• יִשְׁכָּחֵהוּ רֶחֶם Job 24:20
• absolute Psalm 137:5b תִּשְׁכַּח יְמִינִי׃ AE Ki supply הַמַּעֲשֶׂה or הַנִּגּוּן (whence AV her cunning), but forced; ᵐ5 תִּשָּׁכַח; read probably תִּכְחַשׁ let it grow lean (Psalm 109:24, compare Zechariah 11:17), or תְּכַחַשׁ let it disappoint (Habakkuk 3:17)

c. Especially with accusative of God

• Hosea 2:15, Hosea 8:14, Hosea 13:6
• Judges 3:7, 1 Samuel 12:9
• Isaiah 17:10, Deuteronomy 8:19 (שָׁכֹחַ תִּשׁ) + 16 times
• Accusative of divine name: Jeremiah 23:27 (בַּבַּעַל), Psalm 44:21
• Commands of God: Hosea 4:6, Deuteronomy 26:13, Psalm 119:16 (7 times in Psalm 119)
• His doings, ways, and covenant: Psalm 78:7, Psalm 78:11, Psalm 103:2, Deuteronomy 4:23–31, 2 Kings 17:38
• Law of wisdom: Proverbs 3:1, or accusative בִּינָה Proverbs 4:6

2. Subject God

a. Accusative of person

• Hosea 4:6
• 1 Samuel 1:11 (opposed to זָכַר)
• Lamentations 5:20, Isaiah 49:14
• Psalm 10:12, Psalm 13:2, Psalm 42:10

b. Accusative of sins and distress

• Amos 8:7
• Psalm 10:11, Psalm 9:13 (opposed to זָכַר)
• Psalm 44:25

c. Voice of foes

• Psalm 74:23

d. Followed by infinitive

• Psalm 77:10

Niphal Perfect 3 masculine singular נִשְׁכַּח Ecclesiastes 9:5, etc.; Imperfect יִשָּׁכַח Psalm 9:19, 3 feminine singular תִּשָּׁכֵחַ Jeremiah 20:11, etc.; Participle feminine singular נִשְׁכָּחָה Isaiah 23:16, נִשְׁכַּחַת Isaiah 23:15, plural נִשְׁכָּחִים Job 28:4 — be forgotten.

• Subject of thing: Genesis 41:30 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 31:21, Jeremiah 23:40, Isaiah 65:11
• Subject person: Psalm 9:19, Psalm 31:13, Ecclesiastes 2:16
• Tyre (under figure of harlot): Isaiah 23:15–16
• Subject זִכְרָם: Ecclesiastes 9:5

Piel Perfect 3 masculine singular שִׁכַּח Lamentations 2:6 — hath caused to forget (be forgotten) in Zion assembly and sabbath.

Hiphil Infinitive לְהַשְׁכִּיחַ Jeremiah 23:27 — to make my people forget my name (2 accusatives).

Hithpael Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִשְׁתַּכְּחוּ Ecclesiastes 8:10 — they were forgotten in the city.

¹ Elohist Source.

² Septuagint (LXX).

³ Aben Ezra (AE).

⁴ David Kimchi (Ki).

Particle interrogative, Verb Qal perfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἐπιλάθῃ ἐπελάθοντο ἐπελαθόμην '' ἐπελάθου

LXX Usage Statistics

H7911:

ἐπιλάθῃ 11× (9.6%)

ἐπελάθοντο 9× (7.6%)

ἐπελαθόμην 8× (7.1%)

'' 8× (5.8%)

ἐπελάθου 7× (5.6%)

ἐπελάθετο 5× (4.2%)

ἐπελάθοντό 4× (3.6%)

ἐπιλήσῃ 4× (3.6%)

ἐπιλάθωνται 4× (3.4%)

ἐπιλήσεται 4× (3.2%)

חנות חַנּוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חנן

chânan

Definition

properly, to bend or stoop in kindness to an inferior; to favor, bestow; causatively to implore (i.e. move to favor by petition)

Root

a primitive root (compare H2583 (חנה));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare חנה); properly, to bend or stoop in kindness to an inferior; to favor, bestow; causatively to implore (i.e. move to favor by petition); beseech, [idiom] fair, (be, find, shew) favour(-able), be (deal, give, grant (gracious(-ly), intreat, (be) merciful, have (shew) mercy (on, upon), have pity upon, pray, make supplication, [idiom] very.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2603

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָנַן

verb • Root חנן • Strongs / High • Page 505

To incline to, to bend to one; with reference to the mind, to be inclined, favourable, kind, gracious, liberal; to favour, spare, or pity.

חָנַן

verb • Root חנן • Strongs / High • Page 506

To bestow. The page details several conjugations: Pih. I - to be kind to, have pity upon, be disposed to love; Pih. II - to make graceful, lovely; Hof. - to be compassionated, favored; Hithp. - to incline oneself, hence to pray, implore, ask.

חָנַן

verb • Root חנן • Strongs / High • Page 506

II. To groan, to sigh. Nif. - to mourn, to complain.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָנַן

verb • Page 238

1. to be favourable or gracious, to have compassion, Ex. 33:19. 2. to give graciously, Gen. 33:5, Ps. 119:29. 3. perhaps as in Hithpael, to supplicate, weep. Job 19:17.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2603

I. חָנַן verb — shew favour, be gracious.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic חֲנַן
• Arabic حن yearn towards, long for, be merciful, compassionate, favourable, inclined towards
• Sabean חן (in proper names)¹
• Phoenician חנן, חן favour, and proper names אלחנן, חננבעל
• Assyrian annu grace, favour, unninu, têninu nannu id.^{2, 3}

— חָנַן absolute Genesis 33:5; suffix חַנַּ֫נִי Genesis 33:11; יְ֯חַנַּנִי 2 Samuel 12:22; חַנֹּתִי Exodus 33:19; חָנָ֑נוּ Lamentations 4:16; Imperfect יֶחֱנַן Amos 5:15; יָחֹן Deuteronomy 28:50; וַיָּ֫חָן 2 Kings 13:23; suffix יָחְנְךָ Genesis 43:29, Isaiah 30:19; וִיחֻנֶּךָּ Numbers 6:25; יְחֻנֶּנּוּ Isaiah 27:11, Job 33:24; יְחָנֵּנוּ Psalm 67:2, Psalm 123:2, Malachi 1:9; תָּחֹן Psalm 59:6; suffix תְּחָנֵּם Deuteronomy 7:2; אָחֹן Exodus 33:19; Imperative suffix חָנֵּנִי Psalm 4:2 17 times Psalms; חָנְנֵנִי Psalm 9:14 (Baer pts. חַנְנֵנִי); חָנֵּנוּ Isaiah 33:2, Psalm 123:3 (twice in verse); חָנּוּנוּ Judges 21:22; חָנּנִֻי Job 19:21 (twice in verse); Infinitive absolute חָנוֺן Isaiah 30:19; construct חַנּוֺת Psalm 77:10; חֶנְנָהּ Psalm 102:14; חֲנַנְכֶם Isaiah 30:18; Participle חֹנֵן Proverbs 14:31; חוֺנֵן Psalm 37:21 5 times Psalms, Proverbs — favour, shew favour.

1. Of man

a.

• Judges 21:22 favour us with them (double accusative)

b. In dealing with the poor, needy, and orphans

• absolute Psalm 37:21, Psalm 37:26 = Psalm 112:5
• with accusative Proverbs 14:31, Proverbs 19:17, Proverbs 28:8
• with לְ Psalm 109:12

c. By considering and sparing

• with accusative Deuteronomy 7:2, Deuteronomy 28:50, Lamentations 4:16, Job 19:21 (twice in verse)

2. Of God

a. In the bestowal of favours

• with accusative Genesis 33:11 (Elohist Source), Genesis 43:29 (Jehovist Source), Numbers 6:25 (Priests' Code), 2 Samuel 12:22
• double accusative Genesis 33:5 (Elohist Source), (+ תּוֺרָֽתְךָ חָנֵּנִי) be gracious unto me (in giving) thy law Psalm 119:29

b. Usually in the bestowal of redemption from enemies, evils, and sins

• absolute Psalm 77:10
• with accusative Exodus 33:19 (twice in verse) (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Amos 5:15, 2 Kings 13:23, Isaiah 27:11, Isaiah 30:18, 19 (twice in verse), Isaiah 33:2, Malachi 1:9, Psalm 4:2, Psalm 6:3, Psalm 9:14, Psalm 25:16, Psalm 26:11, Psalm 27:7, Psalm 30:11, Psalm 31:10, Psalm 41:5, Psalm 41:11, Psalm 51:3, Psalm 56:2, Psalm 57:2 (twice in verse), Psalm 59:6, Psalm 67:2, Psalm 86:3, Psalm 86:16, Psalm 102:14, Psalm 119:58, Psalm 119:132, Psalm 123:2, Psalm 123:3 (twice in verse), Job 33:24

Niph`al Perfect 2 feminine singular נֵחַנְתְּ Jeremiah 22:23 be pitied (compare נֵאַר √ארר) but Septuagint, Syriac, Vulgate express groan (i.e. נֶאֱנַחְתְּ), which is favoured by context, and adopted by moderns.

Pi`el Imperfect 3 masculine singular make gracious, favourable כִּייְֿחַנֵּן קוֺלוֺ Proverbs 26:25.

Poe`l Imperfect 3 masculine singular direct favour to⁴ וְאֶתעֲֿפָרָהּ יְחֹנֵנוּ Psalm 102:15; Participle מְחוֺנֵן עֲנָיִ֯ים Proverbs 14:21.

Hoph`al Imperfect יֻחַן be shewn favour, consideration Isaiah 26:10; Proverbs 21:10.

Hithpa`el Perfect 2 masculine singular הִתְחַנַּנְתָּה 1 Kings 9:3 5 times Perfect; Imperfect וַיִּתְחַנֵּן 2 Kings 1:13; וַתִּתְחַנֶּןֿ Esther 8:3; אֶתְחַנָּ֑ן Psalm 30:9 etc.; Infinitive לְהִתְחֶנֶּןֿ Esther 4:8; בְּהִתְחַנְנוֺ Genesis 42:21 — seek or implore favour:

1. of man
   • with אֶל Genesis 42:21 (Elohist Source), 2 Kings 1:13
   • with לְ Job 19:16, Esther 4:8, Esther 8:3
2. of God
   • with אֶלֿ Deuteronomy 3:23, 1 Kings 8:33, 47, 2 Chronicles 6:37, Job 8:5, Psalm 30:9, Psalm 142:2
   • with לְ Hosea 12:5, Job 9:15
   • with לפני 1 Kings 8:59, 1 Kings 9:3, 2 Chronicles 6:24

II. [חָנַן] — be loathsome.

Cognates:

• Arabic خمن x. foetorem emisit
• Syriac ܚܰܢ rancid

— only וְחַנֹּתִ֫י לִבְנֵי בִטְנִי Job 19:17 and I am loathsome to the sons of my womb (parallel זָרָה see II. זור).

Aramaic

[חֲנַן] verb — shew favour (see Biblical Hebrew).

1. Pa`el
   • Infinitive with suffix מִחַן Daniel 4:24 (compare Biblical Hebrew Poe`l Proverbs 14:21).
2. Hithpa`el
   • implore favour (of God; so Biblical Hebrew Hithpa`el), Participle מִתְחַנֵּן Daniel 6:12.

¹ D.H. Müller, Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Abessinien (1894).

² Lotz, Tiglath-Pileser (TP).

³ Zimmern, Babylonische Busspsalmen (BP).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC), § 55, 1.

Verb Piel infinitive construct common

LXX: ἐλέησόν ἡμᾶσ ἐλέησον ἐλεήσει οἰκτιρῆσαι

LXX Usage Statistics

H2603a:

ἐλέησόν 18× (21.6%)

ἡμᾶσ 5× (5.1%)

ἐλέησον 3× (3.7%)

ἐλεήσει 3× (3.5%)

οἰκτιρῆσαι 3× (3.2%)

δεηθήσομαι 2× (2.5%)

ἐλεᾷ 2× (2.5%)

ἐλεήσατέ 2× (2.5%)

ἐλεῶν 2× (2.3%)

ἐδεήθην 2× (2.3%)

אל אֵל

toward

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the Almighty (but used also of any deity)

Root

shortened from H352 (איל);

Exhaustive

shortened from איל; strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the Almighty (but used also of any deity); God (god), [idiom] goodly, [idiom] great, idol, might(-y one), power, strong. Compare names in '-el.'

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H410

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H410

II. אֵל noun masculine — god, but with various subordinate applications to express idea of might; — hardly ever in prose except with defining word (adjective or genitive); its only suffix is יִּי.

Cognates:

• Samaritan אֵל
• Phoenician אֵל, אֵלָן (i.e. probably אֵלֹן)
• Sabean אֵל (D. H. Müller, Orientalischer Congress, Leiden, 1883)
• Assyrian ilu (Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch)
• Perhaps also Arabic, Aramaic (compare Theodor Nöldeke on the passage)
• On goddess אֵלָת: Phoenician, Palmyrene, Nabataean, Sabean (also אֵלָהָת) (D. H. Müller, l.c.)
• Arabic ٱللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ (plural الحرير) (Flügel, Kleinere Schriften i. 154)
• Assyrian Allatu (Jeremiah 66)
• Syriac ܐܠܗܐ ܢܘܪܐ
• Compare also F. Baethgen, Beiträge zur semitischen Religionsgeschichte, 1888, pp. 58, 90, 97, 271, 207

1. Applied to men of might and rank

• אֵל גּוֹיִם mighty one of the nations Ezekiel 31:11 (of Nebuchadnezzar; ἀρχὼν ἐθνῶν, אֵיל some manuscripts, compare C. H. Cornill)
• אֵלִים mighty men Job 41:17 (אֵילִים, many manuscripts, compare A. Dillmann)
• אֵלֵי גִּבּוֹרִים mighty heroes Ezekiel 32:21 (אֵילֵי manuscripts, compare C. H. Cornill)
• אֵילֵי הָאָרֶץ Ezekiel 17:13; 2 Kings 24:15 (Kethib אֻלִי)
• אֵילִים Exodus 15:15 (probably plural of III. אַיִּל, quod vide)
• These readings are uncertain because of an effort to distinguish these forms from the divine name.
• אֵל גִּבּוֹר mighty hero (as above) or divine hero (as reflecting the divine majesty) Isaiah 9:6

2. Angels

• בְּנֵי אֵלִים Psalm 29:1; Psalm 89:7 = בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים

3. Gods of the nations

• אֵל אֵלִים God of gods, supreme God Daniel 11:36
• מִי כָמֹכָה בָּאֵלִים who is like thee among the gods Exodus 15:11
• Idols Isaiah 43:10; Isaiah 44:10, 15, 17; Isaiah 46:6
• מִי אֵל בַּשָּׁמַיִם what God in heaven Deuteronomy 3:24
• אֵל אַחֵר another god Exodus 34:14 (J)
• אֵל זָר foreign god Psalm 44:21; Psalm 81:10
• אֵל נֵכָר Deuteronomy 32:12; Malachi 2:11; Psalm 81:10

4. El proper name

• אֵל בְּרִית El Berith Judges 9:46 (= בַּעַל בְּרִית Judges 8:33; 9:4) compare also 6 (f) below

5. As characterizing mighty things in nature

• חַרְרֵי אֵל mighty mountains Psalm 36:7 (literally mountains of El); also Psalm 50:10 (compare Olshausen, Bickell, Cheyne; see below II. אֵלָף)
• אַרְזֵי אֵל mighty cedars Psalm 80:11
• כּוֹכְבֵי אֵל lofty stars Isaiah 14:13

6. God (217 times), the one only and true God of Israel

• (a) הָאֵל the God, the true God Genesis 31:13; Genesis 35:1, 3; Genesis 46:3 (E) 2 Samuel 22:31, 33, 48 (= Psalm 18:31; 33; 48) Psalm 68:20; 21; 77:15; הָאֵל הַנֶּאֱמָן the faithful God Deuteronomy 7:9; הָאֵל הַגָּדוֹל the great God Deuteronomy 10:17 = Jeremiah 32:18; Daniel 9:4; Nehemiah 1:5; 9:32; הָאֵל הַקָּדוֹשׁ the holy God Isaiah 5:17; הָאֵל יְהוָה the God Yahweh Isaiah 42:5; Psalm 85:9
• (b) אֵלִי my God Exodus 15:2 (poetry) Psalm 18:3; Psalm 22:2 (twice in verse); 11; 63:2; 68:25; 89:27; 102:25; 118:28; 140:7; Isaiah 44:17
• (c) Construct: אֵל בֵּית אֵל the God of Bethel, who had his seat there Genesis 35:7 (E); אֵל אֲבִיךָ God of thy fathers Genesis 49:25 (poetry); אֵל יִשְׂרָאֵל Psalm 68:36; אֵל יַעֲקֹב Psalm 146:5; אֵל הַשָּׁמַיִם the God of heaven Psalm 136:26; אֵל סַלְעִי the God who is my rock Psalm 42:10; אֵל שִׂמְחַת גִּילִי the God who is the joy of my exultation Psalm 43:4; אֵל רֹאִי the God who lets himself be seen Genesis 16:13 (J); אֵל הַכָּבוֹד the God of glory Psalm 29:3; אֵל דְּעוֹת the all-knowing God 1 Samuel 2:3 (poetry); אֵל עוֹלָם the everlasting God Genesis 21:33 (J); אֵל יְשׁוּעָתִי Isaiah 12:2; אֵל חַיִּי Psalm 42:9; אֵל אֱמֶת Psalm 31:6 = אֵל אֱמוּנָה Deuteronomy 32:4 (poetry); אֵל נְקָמוֹת Psalm 94:1 (twice in verse); אֵל גְּמֻלוֹת Jeremiah 51:56
• (d) אֵל אֶחָד one God Malachi 2:10; אֵל גָּדוֹל a great God Deuteronomy 7:21; Psalm 77:14; 95:3; אֵל מִסְתַּתֵּר a God hiding himself Isaiah 45:15; אֵל רַחוּם a compassionate God Exodus 34:6 (J) Deuteronomy 4:31; Psalm 86:15; אֵל נֹשֵׂא a forgiving God Psalm 99:8; אֵל חַנּוּן a gracious God Nehemiah 9:31; Jonah 4:2; אֵל קַנָּא a jealous God Exodus 20:5; Exodus 34:14 (J) Deuteronomy 4:24; 5:9; 6:15; Joshua 24:19 (D) = אֵל קַנּוֹא Nahum 1:2; אֵל חַי a living God Joshua 3:10 (J) Hosea 2:1; Psalm 42:3; 84:3; אֵל צַדִּיק Isaiah 45:21; לֹא אֵל חָפֵץ רֶשַׁע Psalm 5:5; לֹא אֵל Deuteronomy 32:21 (poetry) Isaiah 31:3; Ezekiel 28:2 (twice in verse); 9; מִי אֵל כָּמוֹךָ Micah 7:18 (compare Exodus 15:11)
• (e) God (the only true God, needing no article or predicate to define him) Numbers 12:13 (E read אֵל, compare A. Dillmann) always in poetry, Job 5:8 + (55 times Job), Psalm 7:12; 10:11, 12; 16:1; 17:6; 19:1; 52:3, 7; 55:20; 57:3; 73:11, 17; 74:8; 77:10; 78:7, 8, 18, 19, 34, 41; 82:1; 83:2; 90:2; 104:21; 106:14, 21; 107:11; 118:27; 139:17, 23; 149:6; 150:1; Isaiah 40:18; 43:12; 45:14, 20; 46:9; Lamentations 3:41; Hosea 11:9; 12:1; Malachi 1:9; עִמָּנוּאֵל God is with us, as name of child in prediction Isaiah 7:14; compare Isaiah 8:8, 10
• (f) El, a divine name אֵל אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Genesis 33:20 (E); אֵל אֱלֹהֵי הָרוּחוֹת Numbers 16:22 (P = יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי הָרוּחוֹת Numbers 27:16); אֵל אֱלֹהִים יְהוָה Joshua 22:22 (P) Psalm 50:1. This is probable also in the ancient poems, Numbers 23:8, 19, 22, 23; Numbers 24:4, 8, 16, 23 (poetry Balaam "" שַׁדִּי & עֶלְיוֹן) Deuteronomy 32:18; Deuteronomy 33:26 (poetry Moses "" צוּר & אֱלֹהֵי קֶדֶם) 2 Samuel 22:32; 2 Samuel 23:5 (poetry David "" צוּר) and in the combinations אֵל עֶלְיוֹן (5 times; see עֶלְיוֹן) & אֵל שַׁדִּי (10 times; see שַׁדִּי)

7. Strength, power

(on connection with I. אֵלָה compare A. Dillmann, Genesis 1:1; Genesis 31:29) in יֵשׁ־לְאֵל יָדִי it is according to the power of my hand = it is in my power, etc. Genesis 31:29 (E; followed by לְ + infinitive); בִּהְיוֹת לְאֵל יָדְךָ Proverbs 3:27 (followed by idem); יֵשׁ־לְאֵל יָדָם Micah 2:1; (absolute); negative וְאֵין לְאֵל יָדֶךָ Deuteronomy 28:32 (absolute) = thou shalt be powerless, so Nehemiah 5:5.

See also C. Brockelmann, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft xxvi (1906), 29 ff. (meaning 'might' very dubious: renders belongs to the god of (my) hand, supposing phrase a survival, with original meaning forgotten, of ancient idea, found also among other nations, of spirits conferring powers upon particular members of body).

¹ K. Albrecht.

² C. H. Cornill.

³ A. Dillmann.

⁴ Theodor Nöldeke.

⁵ ἀρχὼν ἐθνῶν.

⁶ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁸ Elohist Source.

⁹ Deuteronomist Source.

¹⁰ J. Olshausen.

¹¹ G. Bickell.

¹² T. K. Cheyne.

¹³ F. Baethgen, Beiträge zur semitischen Religionsgeschichte.

¹⁴ Flügel, Kleinere Schriften.

¹⁵ Jeremiah 66.

¹⁶ C. Brockelmann, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0410:

No stats available

אם אִם־

if

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אם

ʼim

Definition

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

Root

a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle; used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not; (and, can-, doubtless, if, that) (not), [phrase] but, either, [phrase] except, [phrase] more(-over if, than), neither, nevertheless, nor, oh that, or, [phrase] save (only, -ing), seeing, since, sith, [phrase] surely (no more, none, not), though, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] unless, [phrase] verily, when, whereas, whether, while, [phrase] yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H518

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אִם

conjunction • Strongs_Numbers • Page 146

If; a conditional conjunction.

אִם

conjunction • Strongs_Numbers • Page 147

Conditional particle corresponding to 'if', 'whether', or 'although'. It is used with perfect and imperfect tenses to express conditions, repeated acts, or permanent states. In formulas of swearing (oaths), it implies a negative ('surely not'). It can also introduce a question.

אִם

conj. / particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 148

Conditional particle indicating 'if', 'whether', 'either...or'; also used as a particle of time: 'when', 'since'; a particle of wishing: 'oh if!', 'would that!'; and sometimes as an exclamation: 'behold!', 'lo!'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אִם

primitive particle • Page 54

1. adv. of time, when; referring either to time past, like the Germ. da, als, Am. 7: 2 when they had en-

אִם

conj. / adv. / interrog. particle • Page 55

A conditional and interrogative particle with multiple senses: 2. if, supposing that; 3. although (Judg. 13:16); 4. O that (Gen. 30:27); 5. whether... or (Ex. 19:13); 6. in swearing (not, that not; 2 Sam. 11:11); 7. perhaps that (Gen. 31:52); 8. interrogative (Jer. 3:5); 11. whether...not (Est. 4:14); 13. (אם-לא) if not, but (Gen. 24:58).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H518

I. אִם conjunction (= Aramaic ܐܠ if [and in ܐܒܓܕ, אֱלָא = 𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎡 if not, except], Arabic إله if [and in 𐎐𐎍𐎢𐎗 = ܐܠܗܐ if not, except], Ethiopic አማር: (§mma) if = מָה + אִם ( + ܐܠܦ) [and in ܗܢܐ (allâ) if not, but], Assyrian umma; also in Arabic ܐܠܗܐ 'An?' = ܐܠܗܐ, compare הֲאִם: see Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik p. 208, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1886, p. 739; Wright, Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages i. §367e) — Targum of Onkelos, Targum of Jonathan אִם, Targum of Haggai אִין.

Cognates:

• Aramaic ܐܠ if, and in ܐܒܓܕ; אֱלָא = 𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎡 if not, except
• Arabic إله if, and in 𐎐𐎍𐎢𐎗 = ܐܠܗܐ if not, except
• Ethiopic አማር: (§mma) if = מָה + אִם ( + ܐܠܦ) [and in ܗܢܐ (allâ) if not, but]
• Assyrian umma
• Arabic ܐܠܗܐ 'An?' = ܐܠܗܐ

1. Hypothetical Particle: If

Construction (see more fully Driver §§136-138, 143; Friedrich, Die Hebräischen Konditionalsätze 1884).

• With imperfect (continued by perfects and waw consecutive; apodosis usually begins with perfect and waw consecutive or bare imperfect; or, if necessary, with imperative or jussive):
  • Of future time: Genesis 18:26 אִם־אֶמְצָא if I shall find 50 righteous in Sodom, וְנָשָׂאתִי I will pardon, etc.; Genesis 24:8; Genesis 32:9; Deuteronomy 19:8 f.; 1 Kings 1:52; 1 Kings 6:12; Psalm 89:31; Genesis 42:37; Judges 13:16; 1 Kings 1:52; Psalm 132:12.
  • Of past time (rare, but classical): Genesis 31:8 אִם יֹאמַר if ever he said... וְיַלְדוּ then they used to bear, etc.; Exodus 40:37; and in the protestations Job 31:7, 13, 16, 25 etc. (alternating with perfect, see below, and with jussives in apodosis).
  • Assuming a purely imaginary case (with imperfect in both clauses, like the double optative in Greek), if, though: Genesis 13:16 so that אִם־יֻכַל if a man were able to number the stars, thy seed also יִמָנֶה might be numbered; Numbers 22:18; Isaiah 1:18 כַּשָּׁנִים יִלְבִינוּ though your sins were as scarlet, they should become white as snow; Amos 9:2-4 אִם־יַחְתְּרוּ though they were to dig into Sheol, from thence תִּקָּחֵם would my hand fetch them; Psalm 27:3; Psalm 139:8 +.
• With participle (expressing either a present process, or an approaching future: apodosis as above): Genesis 24:42, 49; Judges 6:36; Judges 9:15; Judges 11:9 אִם מְשִׁיבִים אַתֶּם if ye are going to bring me back... וְנָתַן then I will, etc.; similarly with יֵשׁ or אֵין Genesis 44:26; Exodus 22:2; 1 Samuel 20:8; 1 Samuel 23:23; and with no explicit copula Deuteronomy 22:2; Deuteronomy 25:2; Leviticus 1:3, 14, etc.
• With perfect:
  • Of future or present time (continued by perfects and waw consecutive: apodosis as above): Genesis 43:9 אִם־לֹא הֲבִיאֹתִיו אֵלֶיךָ if I do not bring him back (si eum non reduxero) and set him before thee, I will be guilty for ever; Genesis 47:6 if thou knowest that there are men of worth among them וְשִׂמְתָּם then make them, etc.; Judges 16:17; 2 Samuel 15:33; 2 Kings 7:4; Psalm 41:7; Psalm 94:18; Job 7:4; Job 9:30 f.; Job 10:14 אִם חָטָאתִי וְשָׁמַרְתָּנִי if I sin, thou watchest me. On אִם־נָא Genesis 18:3 and elsewhere see נָא.
  • Of past time, whether (α) in actual fact, or (β) in an assumed case (the perfect is here continued by the imperfect and waw consecutive; apodosis begins as before):
    • (α) Judges 9:16-19 אִם עֲשִׂיתֶם if ye have done honestly וַתַּמְלִיכוּ and have made Abimelech king..., 1 Samuel 26:19; especially in protestations, as Psalm 7:4 אִם עָשִׂיתִי זֹאת if I have done this..., let the enemy pursue my soul, etc.; Jeremiah 33:25 f.; Job 31:5 f.; Job 31:9, etc.
    • (β) Numbers 5:27 if she have defiled herself וַתִּמְעַל and been faithless, וּבָאוּ then shall they come, etc.; Numbers 15:24; Numbers 35:22-24.
  • With bare perfect in apodosis, in sense of If...had..., only Deuteronomy 32:30 אִם־לֹא כִּי were it not that..., Psalm 73:15. (לוּ is more usual in such cases.)
• With infinitive once (si vera lectio) Job 9:27 אִם אָמְרִי = if I say (literally if (there is) my saying).

Note that the verb following אִם is often strengthened by the infinitive absolute, as Exodus 15:26; Exodus 19:5; Exodus 21:5; Exodus 22:3; Exodus 22:12; Exodus 22:16; Exodus 22:22; Judges 11:30; Judges 14:12; Judges 16:11 etc.; compare Driver, Hebrew Tenses i. 20, 6.

2. Special Uses

• Repeated אִם...אִם whether...or (sive...sive) Exodus 19:13; Deuteronomy 18:3; 2 Samuel 15:21; similarly אִם...וְאִם Genesis 31:52; Jeremiah 42:6; Ecclesiastes 11:3; Ecclesiastes 12:14 (compare Syriac ܐܠ...ܐܠ, ܐܒܓ...ܐܠ Psalm 250; ܐܠܗܐ...ܐܠܗܐ and ܐܒܓܕ...𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎶).
• After an oath (expressed, or merely implied) אִם (the formula of imprecation being omitted) becomes an emphatic negative, and אִם־לֹא an emphatic affirmative: 2 Samuel 11:11 by thy life אִם־אֶעֱשֶׂה אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה (may God bring all manner of evil upon me) if I do this thing! = surely I will not do this thing! (compare the full phrases in 1 Samuel 3:17; 2 Kings 6:31) Genesis 14:23; Genesis 42:15; Numbers 14:23; 1 Samuel 3:14; 1 Samuel 19:6; 2 Kings 2:2; 2 Kings 3:14 and often; Isaiah 22:14; Psalm 89:36; Psalm 95:11; Job 6:28; אִם־לֹא Numbers 14:28; Joshua 14:9; 1 Kings 20:23; 2 Kings 9:26; Isaiah 5:9; Isaiah 14:24; Jeremiah 15:11; Jeremiah 49:20; Job 1:11; Ezekiel 14:16; after a negative clause, emphasizing a contrasted idea, Genesis 24:38 (where the explanation by Aramaic אֱלָא is not supported by Hebrew usage), compare Jeremiah 22:6. Repeated, אִם...וְאִם 2 Samuel 20:20; 2 Kings 3:14; Isaiah 62:8; Jeremiah 38:16; Ezekiel 14:16. In adjurations (with 2nd or 3rd person) = that not Genesis 21:23; Genesis 26:29; Genesis 31:50; 1 Samuel 24:22; 1 Kings 1:51; Canticles 2:7; Canticles 3:5 +. Of past or present time: 1 Samuel 25:34 as I liveth (I say) that, unless thou hadst hastened..., כִּי אִם נוֹתַר that surely there had not been left...! 1 Samuel 17:55 as thy soul liveth אִם־יָדַעְתִּי if I know it! 1 Kings 17:12; 1 Kings 18:10 — both אִם־יֵשׁ (כִּי here merely introduces the fact sworn to, and need not be translated; so 2 Samuel 3:35): see כִּי; Psalm 121:2 אִם־לֹא (after a negative clause: compare above Genesis 24:38; Psalm 131:2). Compare Strack §90.
• Part of wishing, if but...! oh that...! (rare) Psalm 81:9 If thou wouldest hearken to me! Psalm 95:7; Psalm 139:19; Proverbs 24:11. Compare Exodus 32:32. With an imperative (si vera lectio) Job 34:16 וְאִם־יָבִין; and with an anacoluthon, Genesis 23:13 (P) אִם־אַתָּה לוּ שָׁמַעְתָּנִי if thou! — oh that thou wouldst hear me!
• Nearly = when — with the perfect: (α) of past, Genesis 38:9; Numbers 21:9 וְהָיָה אִם־נָשַׁךְ and it used to be, if or when a serpent had bitten a man, that he would look, etc., Judges 6:3; Psalm 78:34 (see Driver §136 δ Obs.); Amos 7:2. (β) of present or future, Isaiah 4:4 אִם רָחַץ when the Lord shall have washed, Isaiah 24:13; Isaiah 28:25; compare Numbers 36:4 (with the imperfect).

3. Compounded with Other Particles

• בִּלְתִּי אִם except if, except, Genesis 47:18; Judges 7:14; Amos 3:3, 4. (Perhaps הֲלוֹא אִם 2 Kings 20:19 (for which Isaiah 39:7 has simply כִּי), perhaps Is it not (good), if...? (De Dillmann, Gesenius, Hi).)
• כִּי אִם, q.v.
• עַד אִם Genesis 24:19, 33; Isaiah 30:17; Ruth 2:21, and עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם Genesis 28:15; Numbers 32:17; Isaiah 6:11, until, properly until if or when.
• רַק אִם if only (see רַק).

אִם־לֹא in Ezekiel 3:6 b is very difficult. The versions render If I had sent, etc., implying לֹא for אִם־לֹא (for Ewald's אִם־לוּ = אִלּוּ, q.v., is precarious): Gesenius, Hi, Co 'but (אִם־לֹא after a negative, compare above Genesis 24:38; Psalm 131:2) unto them (Israel) have I sent thee: they can understand thee' (but understand is a dubious rendering of שָׁמַע).

4. Interrogative Particle

• In direct question: (α) alone (not frequently and usually = Num? expecting the answer No, especially in a rhetorical style): Genesis 38:17; 1 Kings 1:27; Judges 5:8 מָגֵן אִם־יֵרָאָה וָרֹמַח was there a shield to be seen or a spear...? Isaiah 29:16; and repeated Amos 3:6; Jeremiah 48:27; Job 6:12. (β) more frequently in disjunctive interrogation: (α) הֲ...אִם, expressing a real alternative Joshua 5:13 הֲלָנוּ אַתָּה אִם־לְצָרֵינוּ art thou for us, or for our enemies? Judges 9:2; 1 Kings 22:6, 15: more often expressing a merely formal alternative, especially in poetry (a rhetorical Num?) Genesis 37:8; Numbers 11:12, 22; Judges 11:25 b 2 Samuel 19:36; Isaiah 10:15; Isaiah 66:8; Jeremiah 3:5; Habakkuk 3:8; Psalm 77:10; Psalm 78:20; Job 4:17; Job 6:5, 6; Job 10:4, 5; Job 11:7 etc. (β) הֲ...וְאִם (rarer than הֲ...אִם, but similar in use) 2 Samuel 24:13 (a real alt.); Isaiah 49:24; Isaiah 50:2; Jeremiah 5:9 (Jeremiah 5:29 אִם) Jeremiah 14:22; Joel 1:2; Joel 4:4; Job 8:3; Job 11:2; Job 21:4; Job 22:3; Job 34:17; Job 40:8 f. (formal); Genesis 17:17 P (with an anacoluthon) shall a child...? וְאִם־שָׂרָה and Sarah, — shall she that is 90 years old bear? Proverbs 27:24 (וְאִם after negative clause).
• In oblique interrogation, if, whether: (α) alone, after verbs of seeing, inquiring, etc. 2 Kings 1:2; Jeremiah 5:1; Jeremiah 30:6; Malachi 3:10; Psalm 139:24; Canticles 7:13; Lamentations 1:12; Ezra 2:59; once מִי יוֹדֵעַ אִם who knoweth if...? i.e. (like haud scio an) perhaps Esther 4:14 (older synonym מִי יוֹדֵעַ alone: see 2 Samuel 12:22; Joel 2:14; Jonah 3:9). (β) disjunctively הֲ...אִם Genesis 27:21; Numbers 13:18-20; so אִם...וְאִם Joshua 24:15.

Compounded with הֲ, הֲאִם Numbers 17:28 הֲאִם תַּמְנוּ לִגְוֹעַ probably an emphatic Num? Shall we ever have finished dying? Job 6:13 difficult: perhaps Is it that my help is not in me? (a forcible means of expressing that that which might be thought impossible is nevertheless the case); Hi as an aposiop., If my help is not in me (am I still to wait)? (The view that הֲאִם = הֲלֹא nonne? is inconsistent with the fact that אִם in a question has regularly the force of Num?)

¹ Theodor Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik, Halle, 1875.

² Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1886.

³ William Wright, A Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages, Cambridge, 1890.

⁴ Samuel Rolles Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew and Some Other Syntactical Questions, 3rd ed., Oxford, 1892.

⁵ Friedrich Die Hebräischen Konditionalsätze, 1884.

⁶ Yahwist Source.

⁷ Hermann Strack, Grammatik des Biblisch-Aramäischen, Leipzig, 1896.

Particle

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0518a:

No stats available

קפץ קָפַץ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קפץ

qâphats

Definition

to draw together, i.e. close; by implication, to leap (by contracting the limbs); specifically, to die (from gathering up the feet)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to draw together, i.e. close; by implication, to leap (by contracting the limbs); specifically, to die (from gathering up the feet); shut (up), skip, stop, take out of the way.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7092

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קָפַץ

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1287

to shrink up, of the skin, to fall away; fig. to be powerless, contracted, in hands and feet. Hebrew sense to be short-tempered, impatient.

קָפַץ

vep • Root קפץ • Strongs / High • Page 1288

To spring, to leap, to shoot forward; hence to contract, to be drawn together, from cold; to be dumb; to shut up compassion, i.e. to withhold it.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קָפַץ

verb • Root קפץ • Page 591

to contract, close, shut; e. g. the mouth, Job 5: 16. Ps. 107: 42. Metaphorically to shut up or restrain compassion, Ps. 77: 10. Pi. stem means to spring, leap. Cant. 2: 8.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7092

I. קָפַץ (approximate number of occurrences: 7) verb — draw together, shut.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew קָפַץ (idem)
• Arabic قفص collect, conjoin, tie
• Syriac ܩܦܨ draw together, contract, withdraw¹
• Aramaic (Targum) קְפַץ hasten (double oneself up in running); Pi`el hop, spring

— קָפַץ Perfect 3 masculine singular Psalms 77:10; Imperfect 2 masculine singular תִּקְפֹּץ Deuteronomy 15:7; 3 masculine plural יִקְפְּצוּ Isaiah 52:15.

1. Qal

a. shut hand

• Deuteronomy 15:7 (with מִן away from, so as not to lend; opposite פָּתַח Deuteronomy 15:8)

b. mouth

• in astonishment Isaiah 52:15
• in abject silence Job 5:16; Psalms 107:42

c. figurative

• רַחֲמָיו קָפַץ shut up his compassion Psalms 77:10

2. Niphal

Imperfect 3 masculine plural יִקָּפְצוּן Job 24:24 si vera lectio, they draw themselves together, of contraction in death (compare Di², Bu³; Ol⁴ יִקָּבְצוּן are gathered in).

3. Piel

Participle מְקַפֵּץ עַל־הַגְּבָעוֹת Songs 2:8 springing (i.e. making repeated contractions of body, in taking leaps) upon the hills (parallel מְדַלֵּג).

¹ Theodor Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik 47; Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG) xxxiii (1879), 516.

² August Dillmann.

³ Karl Budde.

⁴ Justus Olshausen.

Verb Qal perfect third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H7092:

No stats available

באף בְּ֝אַ֗ף

in the nostril

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אף

ʼaph

Definition

properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire

Root

from H599 (אנף);

Exhaustive

from אנף; properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire; anger(-gry), [phrase] before, countenance, face, [phrase] forebearing, forehead, [phrase] (long-) suffering, nose, nostril, snout, [idiom] worthy, wrath.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H639

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַף

noun masculine • Root אנף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 171

Properly the projecting, the prominent; the nose as the prominent thing of the face; anger (conceived of as a snorting of the nose); face.

אַף

preposition / conj. • Strongs_Numbers • Page 172

Properly a preposition meaning 'with', 'at', 'to', 'before', 'toward'. As a conjunction it signifies 'also', 'likewise', 'even', 'yea', 'how much more' (a fortiori). It is often used to make pronouns or particles emphatic. When reduplicated (אַף ... אַף) it means 'as well ... as also'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אַף

conj. prim. • Page 64

1. also. 2. and. 3. yea rather. 4. but, yet. 5. how much less. 6. literally also when; how much more (after affirmation) or how much less (after negation).

אַף

chald. • Page 65

Chald. idem. (likewise, also). Dan. 6: 23.

אַף

noun masculine • Root אנף • Page 65

1. nose; pride of nose, i. e. of countenance (Ps. 10: 4); the breathing of the nose, i. e. anger (Job. 4: 9). 2. anger (Prov. 22: 24). 3. face, countenance (Gen. 3: 19). 4. two persons (1 Sam. 1: 5).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H639

I. אַף (approximate number of occurrences: 277) noun masculine Genesis 30:2 — nostril, nose, face, anger.

Cognates:

• Assyrian appu (face; Flood iii. 27, 29; compare Paul Haupt¹, Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament², Glossaries)
• Arabic أنف (nose)
• Ethiopic አፍ (nose)
• Aramaic ܐܦܝܢ, אַנְפִּין (face)

— אַף absolute Psalm 78:21 +; construct Genesis 27:45 +; suffix אַפִּי Exodus 22:23 +, etc.; dual אַפַּיִם Proverbs 14:17 +; אַפָּיו Genesis 2:7 + etc.; — In Hexateuch Jehovist (Yahwist) Source, Elohist Source (Joshua 7:1 Priests' Code / Narrative? Joshua 23:16 Deuteronomic).

1. Physical Meanings

a. Nostril, as organ of breathing

• Genesis 2:7
• Genesis 7:22
• Job 27:3; compare Numbers 11:20
• 2 Samuel 22:9 = Psalm 18:9; compare Isaiah 65:5
• Isaiah 2:22
• Lamentations 4:20
• Ezekiel 38:18 (strike out C. H. Cornill)
• Amos 4:10
• ר֣וּחַ אַפֶּ֑יךָ (of יְהוָ֑ה) i.e. wind Exodus 15:8; compare נִשְׁמַת ר֣וּחַ אַפּ֑וֹ 2 Samuel 22:16 = Psalm 18:16 (see also below 3)

b. Nose, singular

• Canticles 7:5, 7:9
• Ezekiel 8:17
• Ezekiel 23:25
• Proverbs 30:33 (where play upon different meaning of אַף & אַפַּיִם)
• As organ of smelling: Deuteronomy 33:10; Psalm 115:6
• As place of ring for ornament: Genesis 24:47; Isaiah 3:21; Ezekiel 16:12
• As place of ring or hook for captive: 2 Kings 19:28 = Isaiah 37:29; for beasts, e.g. swine Proverbs 11:22; hippopotamus Job 40:24; crocodile Job 40:26

c. Dual: face (especially in phrase אַפַּיִם אַרְצָה)

• Genesis 19:1
• Genesis 42:6
• Genesis 48:12
• Numbers 22:31
• 1 Samuel 20:41
• 1 Samuel 24:9
• 1 Samuel 25:41
• 1 Samuel 28:14
• 2 Samuel 14:4, 14:33
• 2 Samuel 18:28
• 2 Samuel 24:20
• 1 Kings 1:23, 1:31
• Isaiah 49:23
• 1 Chronicles 21:21
• 2 Chronicles 7:3; 20:18
• Nehemiah 8:6
• Also Genesis 3:19; גֹּ֣בַהּ אַפּ֑וֹ pride of his countenance Psalm 10:4; לְאַפִּי before, local sense (compare לִפְנֵי) 1 Samuel 25:23; אַפָּיִם 1 Samuel 1:5 read אֹפֶס (compare A. B. Davidson³, S. R. Driver⁴, quod vide)

2. Anger

a. Human anger

• Genesis 27:45
• Genesis 49:6, 49:7 + (45 times)
• Often subject חָרָה (וַיִּחַר etc.) his anger was kindled: Genesis 30:2; Genesis 39:19; Exodus 4:14; Exodus 22:23; Exodus 32:10, 32:11 +
• In various combinations, especially חֲרוֹן אַף fierceness of anger: Exodus 32:12; Numbers 25:4; Numbers 32:14 +; compare חֲרִי אַף 1 Samuel 20:34; בַּעַל אַף one given to anger Proverbs 22:24, etc.
• אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם slow to anger: Proverbs 14:29; Proverbs 15:18; Proverbs 16:32; Proverbs 25:15 of man

b. Divine anger

• Exodus 32:12
• Deuteronomy 9:19
• 2 Kings 24:20 + (177 times)
• אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם slow to anger: Exodus 34:6; Numbers 14:18; Nehemiah 9:17 (7 times) of God

I. אַף see below אֲנָף.

¹ Paul Haupt, Akkadische und sumerische Keilschrifttexte, Berlin, 1881-1882 (or related works).

² E. Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament, 3rd ed., Giessen, 1902-1903.

³ A. B. Davidson, Hebrew Syntax, 3rd ed., Edinburgh, 1901.

⁴ S. R. Driver, Hebrew Tenses in Hebrew Poetry, Oxford, 1892.

Preposition, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0639:

No stats available

רחמיו רַחֲמָיו

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רחם

racham

Definition

compassion (in the plural); by extension, the womb (as cherishing the fetus); by implication, a maiden

Root

from H7355 (רחם);

Exhaustive

from רחם; compassion (in the plural); by extension, the womb (as cherishing the fetus); by implication, a maiden; bowels, compassion, damsel, tender love, (great, tender) mercy, pity, womb.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7356

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רַחַם

noun masculine • Root רחם • Strongs / High • Page 1334

The name of a sort of vulture, characterized by its spotted appearance.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7356

I. רֶ֫חֶם, רַ֫חַם noun masculine Hosea 9:14 (feminine Jeremiah 20:17, unless הֲרַת a noun, compare Albr¹) — womb.

— רֶחֶם absolute Genesis 20:18 +; רַ֫חַם Judges 5:30; רָ֑חֶם Jeremiah 20:17 +; רָ֑חַם Genesis 49:25 +; construct רֶ֫חֶם Numbers 12:12, Job 3:11; suffix רַחְמָהּ Genesis 29:31 +; רַחְמָהֿ Jeremiah 20:17 (GKC² § 91e); dual רַחֲמָתַיִם Judges 5:30.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Biological womb

• Genesis 49:25 (Jehovist Source)
• Jeremiah 20:17
• Job 24:20
• מֵרֶחֶם i.e. from birth Jeremiah 20:17; Psalm 22:11; Psalm 58:4; Job 3:11 (מִנִּי); Isaiah 46:3
• figurative Psalm 110:3
• בָּרֶחֶם Job 31:15

b. Childbirth and opening the womb

• יצא מֵרֶחֶם go forth from womb in birth Jeremiah 1:5; Jeremiah 20:18; Job 38:8, compare Job 10:18
• מֵרֶחֶם אֵם Numbers 12:12 (Elohist Source)
• פתח רֶחֶם open the womb Genesis 29:31; Genesis 30:22 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• כָּל־פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם all that first opens womb (of men and animals) Exodus 13:12, 15; Exodus 34:19 (Jehovist Source); Numbers 18:15 (Priests' Code / Narrative); Ezekiel 20:26
• פֶּטֶר רֶחֶם Numbers 3:12 (Priests' Code / Narrative); פִּטְרַת כָּל־רֶחֶם Numbers 8:16; פֶּטֶר כָּל־רֶחֶם Exodus 13:2 (Priests' Code / Narrative)

c. Conditions of the womb

• רֶחֶם מַשְׁכִּיל miscarrying womb Hosea 9:14
• עֹצֶר רֶחֶם restraint (i.e. barrenness) of womb Proverbs 30:16 (so Psalm 107:36 Perles⁷)
• עָצַר בְּעַד רֶחֶם (of God) Genesis 20:18 (Elohist Source)
• סָגַר רֶחֶם (בְּעַד) 1 Samuel 1:5–6, preventing childbirth

2. Secondary Meaning

a. womb-man, woman-slave

• רַחַם רַחֲמָתַיִם Judges 5:30 a woman, two women.

II. רַחֲמִים noun masculine 2 Samuel 24:14 — compassion (absolute plural intensive; according to many denominative from רֶחֶם, originally brotherhood, brotherly feeling, of those born from same womb, see Nö⁴; We⁵; Gerber⁶; or motherly feeling Kö³).

— absolute רַחֲמִים Genesis 43:14 +; construct רַחֲמֵי Proverbs 12:10; suffix רַחֲמָיו Lamentations 3:22 (Baer Gi; van d. H. Qr, Kt רחמו), 2 Samuel 24:14 Qr (> Kt רחמו).

1. compassion: usually of God
   • Isaiah 63:7, 15; Psalm 77:10; Psalm 79:8; Psalm 119:77; Zechariah 1:16; Daniel 9:9; Nehemiah 9:28
   • with רַבִּים 2 Samuel 24:14 = 1 Chronicles 21:13; Nehemiah 9:19, 27, 31; Psalm 119:156; Daniel 9:18
   • גְּדוֹלִים Isaiah 54:7; parallel with חֶסֶד Psalm 40:12; Psalm 103:4; Hosea 2:21; Jeremiah 16:5; חֲסָדִים Psalm 25:6
   • כְּרֹב רַחֲמֶיךָ Psalm 51:3; Psalm 69:17
   • with עַל of thing Psalm 145:9
   • נָתַן רַחֲמִים לְ־ Deuteronomy 13:18; Jeremiah 42:12; לֹא כָלוּ רַחֲמָיו Lamentations 3:22
2. of man
   • Amos 1:11; Proverbs 12:10; עָשָׂה רַחֲמִים Zechariah 7:9
   • נָתַן רַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי Genesis 43:14 (Redactor); 1 Kings 8:50; Nehemiah 1:11; Daniel 1:9; Psalm 106:46, compare 2 Chronicles 30:9
   • שָׂם רַחֲמִים לְ־ Isaiah 47:6; נִכְמְרוּ רַחֲמִים אֶל Genesis 43:30 (Jehovist Source), with עַל 2 Kings 3:26

¹ Karl Albrecht, Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) xvi, 81.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ Eduard König, Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

⁴ Theodor Nöldeke, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG) xl (1886), 151.

⁵ Julius Wellhausen, GGN 1893, 475.

⁶ W. J. Gerber, Die hebräischen Verba denominativa (1896), 126.

⁷ Felix Perles, Analekten zur Textkritik des Alten Testaments (1895), 85.

Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: οἰκτιρμοῖσ ἔλεοσ οἰκτιρμοὺσ οἰκτιρμῶν οἰκτιρμοί

LXX Usage Statistics

H7356b:

οἰκτιρμοῖσ 7× (15.9%)

ἔλεοσ 5× (12.3%)

οἰκτιρμοὺσ 4× (9.9%)

οἰκτιρμῶν 4× (9.4%)

οἰκτιρμοί 3× (7.4%)

οἰκτιρμοὶ 3× (7.0%)

χάριν 2× (5.4%)

'' 2× (4.9%)

סלה סֶלָה׃

Build/Cast her up!

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

סלה

çelâh

Definition

suspension (of music), i.e. pause

Root

from H5541 (סלה);

Exhaustive

from סלה; suspension (of music), i.e. pause; Selah.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5542

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

סֶלָה

noun masculine • Root סלל • Strongs / High • Page 1022

Properly section, end, pause (of the song), denoting a pause or end, often referring to musical accompaniment.

סֶלָה

technical term • Root סל • Strongs / High • Page 1023

A technical term used at the end of a verse, derived from the concept of separating, dividing, or splitting off.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

סֶלָה

musical term • Root סלה • Page 476

(Milêl) a musical term, very frequent in the Psalms. It usually occurs at the end of a period or strophe. Derived from the Hebrew סָלָה (whence סֶלָה after the form בֶּכֶה), it would signify an elevation of the voice. Others regard it as a pause.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5542

I. סֶ֑לָה (approximate number of occurrences: 74) verb — lift up (voices), or exalt.

Notes and Etymology:

Imperative of סָלַל (compare Proverbs 4:8; Psalm 68:5; חִגָּיוֺן סלה Psalm 9:17, see הִגָּיוֹן), properly סֹ֑לָּה, סֶ֑לֶה; possibly Qr = נֶצַח. Hexapla σελ; ᵐ5 Symm Theod διάψαλμα, explanation Suidas μέλους ἐναλλαγή; Theodoret, Hippolytus μέλους μεταβολή (compare Hexapla Habakkuk 3:3 μεταβολὴ δια ψάλματος; Syriac, Hexapla Aq עוניתא in 5 Psalms); ᵐ5 adds διάψαλμα e.g. Psalm 2:2; Psalm 34:11; Psalm 94:15.

1. Traditions and Interpretations

Used with full knowledge that it indicated some kind of interruption or change in the regular rendering. סלה is used in שמונה עשרה (Shemoneh Esreh) after Benedictions 3, 18, and after other early Jewish prayers. Ancient versions provide various renderings:

• Aquila: αἐί (always); also Theodotion in Psalm 9:17.
• Sexta: διαπαντός (except Psalm 20:4 εἰς τέλος).
• Quinta: εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.
• Jerome: semper; Jerome classes sela with amen and salom.
• Targum: usually לעלמא or לעלמין; but Psalm 39:6 לחיי עלמא, Psalm 44:9 לעלמי עלמין, Psalm 48:9 עד עלמי עלמין, Psalm 49:14 לעלמא דאתי.

2. Usage and Occurrences

Total of 71 times in 39 Psalms, and 3 times in Habakkuk 3 (taken from the Director's Psalter למנצח).

a. At the end of a Psalm or section

• Habakkuk 3:9
• Psalm 24:10
• Psalm 46:12 (omitted by ᵐ5)
• Psalm 9:21 (ᵐ5 combines Psalms 9 and 10)

b. At the close of a strophe

• Habakkuk 3:3, 5
• Psalm 4:3, 5; Psalm 7:6; Psalm 9:17; Psalm 24:6; Psalm 32:4, 5, 7
• Psalm 39:6, 12; Psalm 46:4, 8; Psalm 47:5; Psalm 48:9; Psalm 49:14 (so read ᵑ0 for verse 13), 16
• Psalm 50:6; Psalm 52:5, 7; Psalm 54:5; Psalm 59:6, 14; Psalm 61:5; Psalm 62:5, 9
• Psalm 66:4, 7, 15; Psalm 67:5; Psalm 68:20; Psalm 76:4, 10; Psalm 77:4, 10, 16
• Psalm 81:8; Psalm 82:2; Psalm 83:9; Psalm 84:5, 9; Psalm 88:8, 11; Psalm 89:38, 46
• Psalm 140:4, 6, 9; Psalm 143:6

c. Where citations or liturgical extracts are made

• Psalm 44:9; Psalm 55:8; Psalm 57:7; Psalm 60:6; Psalm 67:2; Psalm 68:8, 33; Psalm 89:5; Habakkuk 3:3, 9
• Psalm 20:4; Psalm 21:3; Psalm 55:20; Psalm 75:4; Psalm 85:3; Psalm 87:3, 6; Psalm 89:49; Psalm 57:3 (ᵐ5 for ᵑ0 v 4); Habakkuk 3:13

3. Historical Distribution

Distribution in the Psalters: 23 used in the Elohistic Psalter, 28 in the Director's Psalter, and 39 in the final editing of the Psalter. The Davidic Psalter uses 20; the Korahite uses 9 (out of 12); and the Asaphite uses 7 + Psalm 80:8 [ᵐ5]. It appears to have come into use during the time of these editors, especially in the late Persian period, associated with musical accompaniment in public worship to indicate the place of benedictions. It was revived in the first century B.C. and continued for some time.

¹ Ewald, H., Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

² König, F. E., Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (Kö).

³ Jacob, B., Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) xvi (1896), 129 f.

⁴ Briggs, C. A., Journal of Biblical Literature (JBL) 1899; American Journal of Semitic Languages (AJSL) Oct. 1899, 1 ff.

Particle interjection

LXX: διάψαλμα

LXX Usage Statistics

H5542:

διάψαλμα 68× (97.1%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And saying, This has made me sick: the years of the right hand of the Most High.

LITV Translation:
And I said, This is my sickness, the years of the right hand of the Most High;

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
They kept not the covenant of God, And would not walk in his law.