Psalms 36:5

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

און׀ אָוֶן׀

bent one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

און

ʼâven

Definition

strictly nothingness; also trouble. vanity, wickedness; specifically an idol

Root

from an unused root perhaps meaning properly, to pant (hence, to exert oneself, usually in vain; to come to naught);

Exhaustive

from an unused root perhaps meaning properly, to pant (hence, to exert oneself, usually in vain; to come to naught); strictly nothingness; also trouble. vanity, wickedness; specifically an idol; affliction, evil, false, idol, iniquity, mischief, mourners(-ing), naught, sorrow, unjust, unrighteous, vain, vanity, wicked(-ness). Compare אין.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H205

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָוֶן

noun masculine • Root אן • Strongs_Numbers • Page 78

I. (Not used) intr. to breathe, blow. 1. To be empty, vain, transitory, nothing. 2. To be wicked, sinful, worthless, deceitful. 3. To be idolatrous, a manifestation of sin.

אָוֶן

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 78

II. (Not used) intr. to exert, labour; to strive, to fatigue.

אָוֶן

verb • Root און • Strongs_Numbers • Page 79

To be fatigued, weary.

אָוֶן

noun masculine • Root און • Strongs_Numbers • Page 79

Properly a breath, hence: 1. nothingness, vanity, a trifle; 2. wickedness, sinfulness, falsehood, sin, flattery, lies; 3. idolatry (and the serving of oracular images).

אָוֶן

noun masculine • Root און • Strongs_Numbers • Page 79

1. Properly overlabouring, working oneself weary, then: hardship, labour, burden, distress; 2. the goods, property, possession which have been obtained by toil and weariness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֹון

m. dec. i. a. • Root הון, א ה • Page 32

1. Strength, particularly the power of generation (firstling of one's strength). 2. Wealth, riches.

אָוֶן

m. dec. vi. e. • Root אן • Page 31

1. nothingness, vanity, falsehood. Is. 41:29. (Parall. אֶפֶס.) Zech, 10:2. It is applied particularly to idolatry, 1 Sam. 15:23. and to every thing pertaining to it; e. g. to the idol itself, Is. 66:3.

אָוֶן

noun • Page 32

2. Wickedness, sin, transgression. 3. Evil, trouble, sorrow, affliction (e.g., 'son of my sorrow', 'bread of sorrow/funeral meal').

אָוֶן

prop. name • Page 32

1. A pleasant valley in Syria of Damascus, now called Un. 2. Also Heliopolis.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H205

I. אָוֶן (85) noun masculine Job 5:6 — trouble, sorrow, wickedness.

— אָוֶן absolute Numbers 23:21 +; suffix אוֹנִי Genesis 35:18 etc.; plural אוֹנִים Hosea 9:4.

1. trouble, sorrow
   • בֶּן־אוֹנִי son of my trouble or sorrow Genesis 35:18 (E¹);
   • לֹא הִבִּיט אָוֶן בְּיַעֲקֹב he doth not behold trouble in Jacob Numbers 23:21 (song of Balaam), (parallel he doth not see misery — עָמָל — in Israel);
   • often parallel עָמָל Psalm 7:15 (הִנֵּה יְחַבֵּל־אָוֶן lo he travaileth with trouble parallel וְהָרָה עָמָל וְיָלַד שָׁקֶר, yea he hath conceived misery & brought forth a lie), probably thence Job 15:35 (הָרָה עָמָל וְיָלֵד אָוֶן) = Isaiah 59:4;
   • compare עָמָל וָאָוֶן Psalm 10:7; Psalm 55:11; Psalm 90:10; Job 4:8; Job 5:6; Isaiah 10:1 (see עָמָל);
   • also זוֹרֵעַ עַוְלָה יִקְצֹר־אָוֶן the sower of iniquity shall reap trouble Proverbs 22:8;
   • in this sense elsewhere only Deuteronomy 26:14; Proverbs 12:21; Jeremiah 4:15; Habakkuk 3:7; Amos 5:5;
   • plural intensive לֶחֶם אוֹנִים bread of trouble, sorrow, or mourning Hosea 9:4.
2. idolatry
   • Hosea 12:12; Isaiah 41:29;
   • אָוֶן וּתְרָפִים הַפְצַר stubbornness is idolatry & (the use of) teraphim 1 Samuel 15:23 (poetry source);
   • אָוֶן בֵּית Hosea 4:15 (for בֵּית אֵל because Bethel, house of God, is given over to idolatry) so also Hosea 5:8; Hosea 10:5;
   • compare בָּמוֹת א Hosea 10:8; בִּקְעַת א Amos 1:5 (Baalbek);
   • בַּחֻרִי א read אָוֶן, אֹן = On, Heliopolis Ezekiel 30:17;
   • abstract for concrete = idols Isaiah 66:3.
3. trouble of iniquity, wickedness
   • מְתֵי אָוֶן Job 22:15;
   • אַנְשֵׁי א = men of trouble, troublers, wicked men Job 34:36;
   • compare אִישׁ א Proverbs 6:12; Isaiah 55:17;
   • מַעֲלֵי אָוֶן workers of trouble, evil-doers, workers of iniquity Job 31:3; Job 34:8, Job 34:22; Psalm 5:6; + (16 times chiefly late Psalms) Proverbs 10:29; Proverbs 21:15; Isaiah 31:2; Hosea 6:8;
   • מַחְשְׁבוֹת אָוֶן thoughts of trouble, wicked imaginations Proverbs 6:18; Isaiah 59:7; Jeremiah 4:14;
   • often of words & thoughts Job 11:11 + (5 times) Psalm 36:5 + (9 times) Proverbs 17:4; Proverbs 19:28; Proverbs 30:20; Isaiah 29:20; Isaiah 32:6; Isaiah 58:9; Isaiah 59:6; Ezekiel 11:2; Micah 2:1; Habakkuk 1:3; Zechariah 10:2;
   • לֹא אֻכַּל אָוֶן וְעָצָרָה I cannot bear iniquity with the solemn meeting Isaiah 1:13 (Revised Version and most modern; Authorized Version it is iniquity, even the solemn meeting).

II. אֹן sorrow, see אָוֶן.

¹ Elohist Source (E) refers to one of the hypothesized sources in the Documentary Hypothesis for the Pentateuch, attributed to an early Israelite tradition.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0205:

No stats available

יחשב יַחְשֹׁ֗ב

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חשב

châshab

Definition

properly, to plait or interpenetrate, i.e. (literally) to weave or (generally) to fabricate; figuratively, to plot or contrive (usually in a malicious sense); hence (from the mental effort) to think, regard, value, compute

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to plait or interpenetrate, i.e. (literally) to weave or (generally) to fabricate; figuratively, to plot or contrive (usually in a malicious sense); hence (from the mental effort) to think, regard, value, compute; (make) account (of), conceive, consider, count, cunning (man, work, workman), devise, esteem, find out, forecast, hold, imagine, impute, invent, be like, mean, purpose, reckon(-ing be made), regard, think.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2803

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֵ֫שֶׁב

noun masculine • Root חשב • Consonantal / Medium • Page 539

Girdle, belt, especially the girdle of the ephod.

Matched via consonantal key only

חֲשָׁב

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 540

A word not used in its base form, meaning befriending or attachment. Used only in proper names. It is an Aramaic form for חֶשְׁבּוֹן.

Matched via consonantal key only

חֲשַׁב

verb (aramaic) • Root חשב • Consonantal / Medium • Page 539

Aramaic verb meaning to regard, to count.

Matched via consonantal key only

חִשֵּׁב

verb • Root חשב • Consonantal / Medium • Page 539

Piel stem of חשׁב. 1. To make artificially, to put together; figuratively to devise plans or intrigues. 2. To meditate, think, devise, plan against, form hostile designs, review, reckon. 3. To be very friendly to, allied with.

Matched via consonantal key only

חָשַׁב

verb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 538

1. To bind, to bind together, to knot; used for knotting threads (as a weaver), uniting things artificially (like musical instruments), girding, or fencing/fortifying. 2. Metaphorically, to meditate, to devise, to spin together ideas, often in a bad sense.

Matched via consonantal key only

חָשַׁב

verb • Root חשב • Consonantal / Medium • Page 539

To think, to meditate, to purpose, to account, to esteem, to count, to reckon, to judge, to weigh, to reflect upon. Also, (not used) to be allied, to be befriended, to be attached to.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חֲשַׁב

chald. v. • Page 254

To reckon, esteem. Dan. 4: 32. [35.]

חֵשֶׁב

noun masculine • Root חשב • Page 254

Verbal from חָשַׁב; the girdle of the high priest's ephod, so called from the damask work of which it was made. Ex. 28: 8, 27, 28; 29: 5; 39: 5, 20, 21.

חָשַׁב

verb • Page 253

1. to think, intend, purpose; construed with לְ and an infinitive. Ps. 140:5. 1 Sam. 18:25. 2. to imagine, invent, devise. חָשַׁב מַחֲשָׁבוֹת עַל to devise plans against, Jer. 11:19. 18:11. חָשַׁב רָעָה עַל to imagine evil against, Gen. 50:20. 3. to think, reckon, or account to be any thing.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2803

I. חָשַׁב verb — think, account.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic חֲשַׁב
• Arabic حَسَبَ
• Ethiopic ሐሰበ
• Phoenician חשב (meaning dubious, see CIS¹)

Qal

— חָשַׁב Perfect Isaiah 33:8 (9 times); חָשַׁבְתָּה 2 Samuel 14:13 etc.; Imperfect יַחְשֹׁב Isaiah 10:7 (4 times); יַחֲשָׁבֿ 2 Samuel 19:20, Psalm 40:18; suffix יַחְשְׁבֵנִי Job 19:11, Job 33:10; plural יַחְשְׁבוּ Psalm 41:8, Daniel 11:25, יַחְשֹׁ֑בוּ Isaiah 13:17, יַחֲשֹׁבוּן Psalm 35:20, נַחְשְׁבָה Jeremiah 18:18, etc. + 9 times; Infinitive construct לַחְשֹׁב Exodus 31:4 (3 times); Participle חֹשֵׁב Exodus 26:1 (15 times), חוֺשֵׁב 2 Chronicles 26:15; חֹשְׁבִים Nehemiah 6:2 (3 times), חֹשְׁבֵי Micah 2:1 (3 times).

I. Of man

1. think, account
   • (+ לְבָבוֹ לֹא כֵן יַחְשֹׁב) Isaiah 10:7 not so thinketh his mind
   • חֹשְׁבֵי שְׁמוֹ Malachi 3:16 those thinking of his name
   • followed by 2 accusative: חֲשַׁבְנֻהוּ נָגוּעַ Isaiah 53:4 we thought him stricken
   • with accusative + לְ Genesis 38:15 (Jehovist Source), 1 Samuel 1:13, Job 19:15, Job 35:2, Job 41:24
   • figurative of crocodile: Job 41:19 he reckoneth iron as straw
2. devise, plan, mean
   • with accusative מַחֲשֶׁבֶת רָעָה Ezekiel 38:10
   • רָעָה Psalm 35:4, Psalm 140:3, Zechariah 7:10, Zechariah 8:17
   • תַּהְפֻּכֹות Proverbs 16:30
   • מְזִמּוֹת Psalm 10:2, Psalm 21:12
   • דִּבְרֵי מִרְמוֹת Psalm 35:20
   • אָוֶן Micah 2:1, Ezekiel 11:2, Psalm 36:5
   • הַוּוֹת Psalm 52:4
   • רַע(ה) עַל devise evil against Genesis 50:20 (Elohist Source), Jeremiah 48:2, Nahum 1:11
   • רָעָה לְ Psalm 41:8
   • מַחֲשֶׁבֶת עַל Jeremiah 11:19, Jeremiah 18:18, Jeremiah 49:30, Daniel 11:25, Esther 8:3, Esther 9:25
   • with infinitive 1 Samuel 18:25, Jeremiah 18:8, Jeremiah 23:27, Job 6:26, Nehemiah 6:2, 6, Esther 9:24, Psalm 140:5
   • with לְבִלְתִּי + Imperfect 2 Samuel 14:14 (where, however, Ew² reads חֹבֵב compare We³ Dr⁴)
3. charge, impute
   • עָוֹן לְ 2 Samuel 19:20 impute iniquity to
4. esteem, value, regard
   • silver Isaiah 13:17
   • a man Isaiah 33:8
   • the servant of Yahweh Isaiah 53:3
5. invent ingenious and artistic things
   • לָהֶם כְּלֵי שִׁיר Amos 6:5 invent for themselves instruments of music
   • (כָּל) מַחֲשֶׁבֶת invent cunning work (of artistic devices in tabernacle) Exodus 31:4, Exodus 35:32, 35 (all Priests' Code), so 2 Chronicles 2:13
   • מַעֲשֵׂה חֹשֵׁב work of the cunning workman (in weaving; see VB⁵ and Di⁶) Exodus 26:1, 31, 28:6, 15, 36:8, 35, 39:3, 8 (all Priests' Code)
   • מַחֲשֶׁבֶת חוֺשֵׁב 2 Chronicles 26:15 inventions of inventive men (of engines of war)
   • חָרָשׁ וְחֹשֵׁב craftsman and inventive workman Exodus 35:35, Exodus 38:23 (Priests' Code)

II. Of God

1. think, account one
   • with accusative of person + לְ Job 13:24, Job 33:10 account for an enemy
   • לוֺ כְּצָרָיו Job 19:11 he accounted me unto him as his adversaries
2. devise, plan, mean
   • with accusative + לְ Genesis 50:20 (Elohist Source) לְטֹבָה for good
   • with לְ of person Psalm 40:18
   • accusative of thing + עַל against a person Micah 2:3, Jeremiah 18:11, 29:11, with אֶל Jeremiah 49:20, 50:45
   • followed by infinitive Jeremiah 26:3, 36:3, Lamentations 2:8
3. impute, reckon
   • with accusative of thing + לְ person: Genesis 15:6 (Jehovist/Elohist Source) he reckoned to Abram as righteousness
   • not impute iniquity to one Psalm 32:2

Niph`al

— נֶחְשַׁב Perfect Numbers 18:27, 30; נֶחְשַׁבְתִּי Psalm 88:5 etc. + 10 times; Imperfect יֵחָשֵׁב Leviticus 7:18 etc. + 13 times; Participle נֶחְשָׁב Isaiah 2:22, 1 Kings 10:21, 2 Chronicles 9:20.

1. be accounted, thought, esteemed
   • with כְּ as Hosea 8:12, Isaiah 5:28, Isaiah 29:16, Isaiah 40:15, Psalm 44:23, Job 18:3, Job 41:21
   • with לְ Isaiah 29:17, Isaiah 32:15, Lamentations 4:2
   • with עִם with, among Psalm 88:5
   • with בַּמֶּה Isaiah 2:22 at what (value)?
   • with accusative Deuteronomy 2:11, 20, Proverbs 17:28, Nehemiah 13:13
   • נָכְרִיּוֹת נֶחְשַׁבְנוּ לוֹ Genesis 31:13 (Elohist Source)
2. be computed, reckoned
   • with לְ Joshua 13:3 (Deuteronomic Code), עַל Leviticus 25:31 (Priests' Code), 2 Samuel 4:2
   • absolute: כֶּסֶף was not counted (so plentiful was it) 1 Kings 10:21, 2 Chronicles 9:20, 2 Kings 22:7
3. be imputed to any one
   • with לְ Leviticus 7:18, Numbers 18:27, 30 (all Priests' Code), Leviticus 17:4 (Holiness Code), Proverbs 27:14
   • the interposition of Phinehas: נֶחְשַׁב לוֹ לִצְדָקָה Psalm 106:31 was imputed to him for righteousness

Pi`el

— חִשַּׁב Perfect Leviticus 25:27 (4 times); חִשְּׁבָה Jonah 1:4; חִשַּׁבְתִּי Psalm 77:6, Psalm 119:59; Imperfect יְחַשֵּׁב Proverbs 16:9, Daniel 11:24, תְּחַשְּׁבוּן Nahum 1:9 etc. + 4 times; Participle מְחַשֵּׁב Proverbs 24:8.

1. think upon, consider, be mindful of
   • with accusative Psalm 77:6, Psalm 119:59
   • (מָה) בֶּן־אֱנֹושׁ וַתְּחַשְּׁבֵהוּ Psalm 144:3 what (is) man's son, and thou thinkest upon him
2. think to do, devise, plan
   • with accusative Proverbs 16:9, אֶל of persons against whom Hosea 7:15, Nahum 1:9, עַל Daniel 11:24
   • with infinitive Psalm 73:16, Proverbs 24:8
   • of inanimate object: הָאֳנִיָּה חִשְּׁבָה לְהִשָּׁבֵר Jonah 1:4 the ship was about to (minded to) be broken up
3. count, reckon
   • the years since a sale of land Leviticus 25:27 (Holiness Code)
   • with לְ person Leviticus 25:52 (Holiness Code), Leviticus 27:18, 23 (Priests' Code)
   • with עִם Leviticus 25:50 (Priests' Code); with אֶת 2 Kings 12:16

Hithpa`el

— Imperfect בַּגּוֹיִם לֹא יִתְחַשָּׁ֑ב Numbers 23:9 (Jehovist/Elohist Source) among the nations it shall not reckon itself.

Aramaic

[חֲשַׁב] verb think, account (compare Biblical Hebrew חָשַׁב).

Pe`al

— Participle passive plural כְּלָה חֲשִׁיבִין Daniel 4:32 like those not accounted of, of no account (see Bev⁷ and Dr⁴).

¹ Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS).

² Heinrich Ewald, Hebrew Grammar (GKC citation style often applies here, but refers specifically to Ewald's work).

³ Julius Wellhausen.

⁴ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel.

⁵ Variorum Bible (or similar scholarly apparatus cited as VB).

⁶ August Dillmann.

⁷ A. A. Bevan, A Short Commentary on the Book of Daniel (1892).

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: λογισθήσεται ἐλογίσατο ἐλογίσθησαν ἐλογίσαντο λογίζομαι

LXX Usage Statistics

H2803:

λογισθήσεται 8× (6.0%)

ἐλογίσατο 7× (5.3%)

ἐλογίσθησαν 7× (5.6%)

ἐλογίσαντο 6× (4.8%)

λογίζομαι 4× (3.1%)

λογίζεσθε 3× (2.4%)

'' 3× (2.0%)

ἐλογίσθη 3× (2.2%)

λογιζόμενοι 3× (2.3%)

ὑφαντὸν 3× (2.4%)

על עַל־

upon/against/yoke

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

משכבו מִשְׁכָּ֫בוֹ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

משכב

mishkâb

Definition

a bed (figuratively, a bier); abstractly, sleep; by euphemism, carnal intercourse

Root

from H7901 (שכב);

Exhaustive

from שכב; a bed (figuratively, a bier); abstractly, sleep; by euphemism, carnal intercourse; bed(-chamber), couch, lieth (lying) with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4904

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁכָב

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root שכב • Consonantal / Low • Page 1418

A fall, layer, bed; or an emission of semen, effusion, effluvium.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

שֶׁכֶב

noun • Consonantal / Low • Page 1418

Aramaic word, same as Hebrew (Derivative מִשְׁכָּב).

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

שָׁכַב

verb • Root שכב • Consonantal / Low • Page 1417

I. To bend oneself, to lie down, to lie stiff (of one destroyed), to rest, to sleep, or metaphorically to die/be buried (e.g., שָׁכַב עִם־אֲבוֹתָיו).

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

שָׁכַב

verb • Consonantal / Low • Page 1418

Denotes the coming into Sheol. 2. To lie (sexually), commonly spoken of a man lying with a woman, or vice versa, also applied to animals.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

שָׁכַב

verb • Root שכב • Consonantal / Low • Page 1418

II. To pour out. (The sexual meaning of שָׁכַב I. may derive from originally meaning 'to moisten, with semen').

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

שֻׁכַּב

pu. • Consonantal / Low • Page 1418

The same (as Nif.).

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4904

I. מִשְׁכָּב (approximate number of occurrences: 46) noun masculine¹ — place of lying, couch; act of lying.

— מִשְׁכָּב absolute 1 Kings 1:47 +; construct מִשְׁכַּב 2 Samuel 4:5 +; suffix מִשְׁכָּבִי Job 7:13 +, מִשְׁכַּבְכֶם Psalm 4:5; plural construct מִשְׁכְּבֵי Genesis 49:4 +, suffix מִשְׁכְּבוֺהָם Hosea 7:14 +, etc.

1. Couch, bed (37 times)

• 2 Samuel 4:11
• Hosea 7:14
• Micah 2:1
• 1 Kings 1:47
• Song of Solomon 3:1 +
• וְנָפַל לְמִשְׁכָּב Exodus 21:18 (Elohist Source) he takes to his bed
• מִשְׁכַּב נִדָּתָהּ Leviticus 15:26 (Priests' Code)
• As place of copulation: Genesis 49:4 (Poem in Yahwist Source), Isaiah 57:7, 8 (twice in verse), Proverbs 7:17
• As place of burial: Isaiah 57:2, Ezekiel 32:25, 2 Chronicles 16:14²

2. Act of lying

a. In General

• חֲדַר מִשְׁכָּב chamber of lying down = bed-chamber: Exodus 7:28 (Elohist Source), 2 Samuel 4:7, 2 Kings 6:12
• בְּחַדְרֵי מִשְׁכָּֽבְךָ Ecclesiastes 10:20
• וְהוּא שֹׁכֵב אֵת מִשְׁכַּב הַצָּהֳרַיִם 2 Samuel 4:5 his noon-day siesta
• 2 Samuel 17:28 read perhaps עַרְשׂת מִשְׁכָּב couches for lying down (Klostermann, Budde, H.P. Smith, Nowack; compare Septuagint)

b. Sexually

• Of woman: יֹדַעַת מִשְׁכַּב זָכָר (or אִישׁ לְמִשְׁכַּב זָכָר): Judges 21:11, 12; Numbers 31:17, 35 (Priests' Code)
• Of man: שׁכב מִשְׁכְּבֵי אִשָּׁה Leviticus 18:22, Leviticus 20:13 (+ אֶת־זָכָר sodomy; Holiness Code)
• מִשְׁכַּב דֹּדִים Ezekiel 23:17

¹ Gender from Leviticus 15:4.

² Compare מִשְׁכָּב Inscription Tabnit⁸ and perhaps Jewish inscription Cooke³⁴¹.

³ Root שׁכב (Biblical Hebrew שָׁכַב).

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: κοίτην κοίτησ κοίταισ κοίτη

LXX Usage Statistics

H4904:

κοίτην 16× (31.2%)

κοίτησ 9× (17.0%)

κοίτησ 3× (5.5%)

κοίταισ 3× (5.5%)

κοίτη 3× (5.5%)

κοίτῃ 3× (5.2%)

κοιτώνων 2× (4.0%)

αὐτῆσ 2× (3.0%)

יתיצב יִ֭תְיַצֵּב

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יצב

yâtsab

Definition

to place (any thing so as to stay); reflexively, to station, offer, continue

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to place (any thing so as to stay); reflexively, to station, offer, continue; present selves, remaining, resort, set (selves), (be able to, can, with-) stand (fast, forth, -ing, still, up).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3320

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָצַב

verb • Root יצב • Strongs / High • Page 633

(Kal not used) Transitive: to set, to put, to place. Intransitive: to be firmly in a place, to stand firm or sit, to lie firmly.

יָצַב

verb • Root יצב • Strongs / High • Page 929

A root that interchanges with נָצַב, showing y/n interchange.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָצַב

verb • Root נצב • Page 292

To place. In Kal not used. In Hithpa. (הִתְיַצֵּב): (1) to place or present one's self (Ex. 2:4, Job 33:5); (2) to stand before any one, as a conqueror or in a judicial sense (Deut. 9:2, Job 41:2); (3) to stand by, to assist (Ps. 94:16).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3320

I. יָצַב (approximate number of occurrences: 46) verb only Hithpa`el — set or station oneself, take one's stand.

Cognates:

• Targum Pa`el יְצַב
• Arabic وصب waṣaba (be constant, firm)

— Hithpa`el Perfect 3 plural הִתְיַצְּבוּ 2 Chronicles 11:13; וְהִתְ consecutive Numbers 11:16 (Elohist Source); Imperfect יִתְיַצֵּב Deuteronomy 7:24 (6 times); יִתְיַצָּ֑ב Job 41:2; יִתְיַצַּ֑ב Proverbs 22:29; וַיִּתְיַצֵּב 1 Samuel 3:10 (5 times); 3 feminine singular וַתֵּתַצֵּב Exodus 2:4 (but read וַתִּתְיַצֵּב compare Sam Ges¹ § 71 Kö² i, 430); 2 masculine singular תִּתְיַצֵּב 2 Samuel 18:13; וְאֶתְיַצְּבָה Habakkuk 2:1; יִתְיַצְּבוּ Psalm 2:2 (2 times); וַיִּתְיַצְּבוּ Exodus 19:17 (4 times); Imperative הִתְיַצֵּב Exodus 8:16 (5 times); הִתְיַצְּבוּ 1 Samuel 10:19 (6 times); infinitive construct (מֵ)הִתְיַצֵּב 2 Samuel 21:5 (4 times).

1. Meanings and Uses

a. With phrase of place

• Exodus 2:4 (Elohist Source, with מֵרָחוֺק)
• 2 Samuel 18:13 (with מִנֶּגֶד), figurative = stand aloof
• 2 Samuel 18:30 (with כֹּה, parallel to עָמַד)
• with בְּ location: Exodus 19:17; Numbers 22:22 (both Elohist Source); Judges 20:2; Deuteronomy 31:14
• sense of having a place or position: נִשְׁמַדְנוּ מֵהִתְיַצֵּב בְּכָל־גְּבֻל יִשְׂרָאֵל 2 Samuel 21:5
• with בְּתוֺךְ: person 1 Samuel 10:23; location 2 Samuel 23:12; 2 Chronicles 11:14
• with עַל location, at, by: Numbers 23:3, 15 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); upon Habakkuk 2:1 (parallel to עמד); Psalm 36:5 (figurative)
• with שָׁם and עִם person: Exodus 34:5 (subject יְהוָה); Numbers 11:16 (both Jehovist-Elohist Source)

b. Absolute

• 1 Samuel 3:10 (יְהוָה subject)
• standing quiet and passive to see deliverance: Exodus 14:13 (Jehovist Source); 1 Samuel 12:7, 16; 2 Chronicles 20:17 (parallel to עמד)
• taking a stand to fight: 1 Samuel 17:16; Psalm 2:2
• in military array: Jeremiah 46:4 (with בְּ); Jeremiah 46:14 (parallel to הָכֵן לָךְ)
• to answer a charge: Job 33:5
• standing forth in light: וְיִתְיַצְּבוּ כְּמוֺ לְבוּשׁ Job 38:14

c. Presenting oneself before authority

• with לִפְנֵי person: Exodus 8:16; Exodus 9:13 (both Jehovist Source); Proverbs 22:29
• before God: Joshua 24:1 (Elohist Source); 1 Samuel 10:19
• as servants or courtiers (readiness for service): עַל־אֲדֹנָי Zechariah 6:5; לַיהוָה Job 1:6; Job 2:1

d. Taking sides and holding ground

• with לְ person (stand on the side of): 2 Chronicles 11:13
• stand for someone against others: מִי־יִתְיַצֵּב לִי עִם Psalm 94:16 (parallel to מִי־יָקוּם לִי עִם)
• maintaining one's position: לְנֶגֶד עֵינֶיךָ Psalm 5:6; with לִפְנֵי Joshua 1:5 (Deuteronomist Source); Deuteronomy 9:2; Job 41:2; with בְּפָנֶיךָ Deuteronomy 7:24; Deuteronomy 11:25
• absolute: וְאֵין עִמְּךָ לְהִתְיַצֵּב 2 Chronicles 20:6

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

Verb Hithpael imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἀντιστήσεται παραστῆναι κατάστητε στῆθι παράστηθι

LXX Usage Statistics

H3320:

ἀντιστήσεται 4× (7.8%)

παραστῆναι 4× (7.8%)

κατάστητε 4× (7.5%)

στῆθι 3× (5.3%)

παράστηθι 2× (3.9%)

δεῖ 2× (3.9%)

στῆτε 2× (3.6%)

παρέστη 2× (3.6%)

παρέστησαν 2× (3.6%)

παρεστάναι 2× (3.3%)

על עַל־

upon/against/yoke

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

דרך דֶּרֶךְ

road

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

דרך

derek

Definition

a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb

Root

from H1869 (דרך);

Exhaustive

from דרך; a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb; along, away, because of, [phrase] by, conversation, custom, (east-) ward, journey, manner, passenger, through, toward, (high-) (path-) way(-side), whither(-soever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1870

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

דָּרַךְ

verb • Root דרך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 377

prop. to go along, to advance, to ascend. Hence 1. intr. to go, to wander, to walk. 2. tr. to tread, to tread down, an enemy.

Matched via consonantal key only

דֶּרֶךְ

noun / common gender • Root דרך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 378

A derivative of the verb דָּרַךְ. 1. A going, walking, journey. 2. A way, path, via. 3. An accessible, level road. 4. Metaphorically, conduct, undertaking, or way of acting.

Matched via consonantal key only

דָּרַךְ

verb • Root דרך • Consonantal / Medium • Page 378

To tread, to walk. Specific uses include treading a wine-press, stretching or bending a bow by treading on it. Figuratively, to spur, drive, urge on, or in a bad sense, to despise.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

דֶּרֶךְ

com. gen. • Page 174

1. way, the place to which the way leads; 2. walk, manner of life, conduct; 3. religious walk, devotion to God, religion; 4. way, manner, method; 5. work.

דָּרַךְ

verb • Page 173

1. To tread, to tread on; often used with an accusative or various prepositions (Job 22: 15, Judg. 5: 21, Ps. 91: 13). 2. To bend or stretch a bow by resting it on the ground and treading on it (Ps. 7: 13, 11: 3, 37: 14, 1 Chr. 5: 18).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1870

I. דֶּ֫רֶךְ (approximate number of occurrences: 715) noun masculine^{Deuteronomy 17:16} & (less often) feminine^{Exodus 18:20} — way, road, distance, journey, manner.

— דֶּ֫רֶךְ absolute Genesis 38:16 +; דָּ֫רֶךְ Genesis 38:21 +; construct דֶּ֫רֶךְ Genesis 3:24; suffix דַּרְכִּי Genesis 24:42 (4 times) + 2 Samuel 22:33 דַּרְכִּו; דַּרְכְּךָ Hosea 10:13, 1 Kings 19:15; דַּרְכֶּ֫ךָ Psalm 5:9 (9 times); דַּרְכֵךְ Jeremiah 2:23 (8 times); דַּרְכּוֹ Genesis 6:12 +; דַּרְכָּהּ 1 Samuel 1:18, Job 28:23; דַּרְכֵּ֫נוּ Judges 18:5 (2 times); דַּרְכְּכֶם Genesis 19:2 (3 times); דַּרְכָּם 1 Kings 2:4 +; dual דְּרָכַיִם Proverbs 28:6, 18; plural דְּרָכִים Deuteronomy 28:7 (6 times); construct דַּרְכֵי Proverbs 3:17 (24 times); suffix דְּרָכַי Job 13:15 (17 times), דְּרָכָ֑י Psalm 95:10 (4 times); דְּרָכֶ֫יךָ Deuteronomy 28:29 (16 times); דְּרָכֶ֫ךָ Exodus 33:13 (2 times); דְּרָכַ֫יִךְ Jeremiah 3:18 (4 times); דְּרָכָ֑יִךְ Ezekiel 7:3 (3 times); דְּרָכָיו Deuteronomy 10:12 +; דְּרָכֶ֫יהָ Proverbs 3:17 (3 times); דְּרָכֵ֫ינוּ Lamentations 3:40, Zechariah 1:6; דַּרְכֵיכֶם Leviticus 26:22 (17 times); דַּרְכֵיהֶם Jeremiah 16:17 (5 times); דַּרְכֵיהֶן Ezekiel 16:47.

1. way, road, path
   • Genesis 35:3 (Elohist Source)
   • Genesis 38:16, 21 (Jehovist Source)
   • Genesis 48:7 (Priestly Code)
   • Leviticus 26:22 (Holiness Code)
   • construct way of (often = to, toward): דֶּ֫רֶךְ עֵץ הַחַיִּים Genesis 3:24 (Jehovist Source); דֶּ֫רֶךְ שׁוּר Genesis 16:7 (Jehovist Source); דֶּ֫רֶךְ אֶ֫רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּים Exodus 13:17 (Elohist Source).
   • דֶּ֫רֶךְ הַמֶּ֫לֶךְ Numbers 20:17; 21:22 i.e. the highway.
   • Of the path of God: בַּיָּם דַּרְכֶּ֫ךָ Psalm 77:20; Nahum 1:3.
   • figurative of death: בְּדֶ֫רֶךְ כָּל־הָאָ֫רֶץ Joshua 23:14 (Deuteronomic Source); 1 Kings 2:2.
2. journey
   • Genesis 24:21, 40, 42 (Jehovist Source)
   • דֶּ֫רֶךְ שְׁלֹ֫שֶׁת יָמִים journey of three days Genesis 30:36 (Jehovist Source); Exodus 3:18.
   • go one's way הָלַךְ לְדַרְכּוֹ Genesis 19:2 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 32:2 (Elohist Source).
3. direction, toward
   • 1 Kings 8:44, 48 pray toward the city.
   • In Ezekiel (c. 28 times): דֶּ֫רֶךְ צָפ֫וֹנָה Ezekiel 8:5; דֶּ֫רֶךְ הַקָּדִים Ezekiel 40:10.
4. way, manner
   • a. usage דֶּ֫רֶךְ כָּל־הָאָ֫רֶץ Genesis 19:31.
   • b. customary experience דֶּ֫רֶךְ נָשִׁים Genesis 31:35 (Elohist Source).
   • c. manner of Egypt דֶּ֫רֶךְ מִצְרַ֫יִם Amos 4:10.
5. figurative of course of life, or action, undertakings
   • Deuteronomy 28:29; Joshua 1:8; Psalm 37:5; Proverbs 3:6.
   • In summary of a king's life: 2 Chronicles 13:22; 2 Chronicles 27:7.
6. of moral action and character

   a. In general

   • הִשְׁחִית כָּל־בָּשָׂר אֶת־דַּרְכּוֹ Genesis 6:12 (Priestly Code).
   • Psalm 119:5, 59; Proverbs 16:9; Jeremiah 7:3.

   b. Of duty (commanded by God)

   • Exodus 18:20 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 13:6; Psalm 25:8; Isaiah 30:21.

   c. Specifically in good sense

   • דֶּ֫רֶךְ הַטּוֹבָה וְהַיְשָׁרָה 1 Samuel 12:23.
   • דֶּ֫רֶךְ צַדִּיקִים Psalm 1:6; דֶּ֫רֶךְ חַיִּים Proverbs 6:23.

   d. Oftener in bad sense

   • דַּרְכָּם הַקָּשָׁה Judges 2:19; דֶּ֫רֶךְ רָעָה 1 Kings 13:33.
   • דֶּ֫רֶךְ שֶׁ֫קֶר Psalm 119:29; דֶּ֫רֶךְ מָ֫וֶת Proverbs 14:12.

   e. Way of Yahweh

   • (α) Creative activity: Job 26:14; Proverbs 8:22.
   • (β) Moral administration: Deuteronomy 32:4; Psalm 103:7; Isaiah 55:9.
   • (γ) His commandments: Genesis 18:19 (Jehovist Source); Deuteronomy 5:30; Psalm 25:4; Malachi 2:9.

¹ Elohist Source.

² Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

³ Priestly Code.

⁴ Deuteronomic Source.

⁵ Holiness Code.

⁶ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel, Oxford, 1890.

⁷ J. Wellhausen, Text der Bücher Samuelis, 1871.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ὁδὸν ὁδῷ ὁδοὺσ ὁδοῦ ὁδοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1870:

ὁδὸν 148× (20.8%)

ὁδῷ 125× (15.6%)

ὁδοὺσ 59× (8.0%)

ὁδοῦ 57× (7.4%)

ὁδοῖσ 54× (6.7%)

ὁδόν 41× (5.5%)

ὁδὸσ 35× (4.9%)

ὁδούσ 25× (3.3%)

ὁδοὶ 19× (2.8%)

ὁδόσ 13× (1.7%)

לא לֹא־

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

טוב טוֹב

he became good

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

טוב

ṭôwb

Definition

good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good or good thing, a good man or woman; the good, goods or good things, good men or women), also as an adverb (well)

Root

from H2895 (טוב);

Exhaustive

from טוב; good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good or good thing, a good man or woman; the good, goods or good things, good men or women), also as an adverb (well); beautiful, best, better, bountiful, cheerful, at ease, [idiom] fair (word), (be in) favour, fine, glad, good (deed, -lier, -liest, -ly, -ness, -s), graciously, joyful, kindly, kindness, liketh (best), loving, merry, [idiom] most, pleasant, [phrase] pleaseth, pleasure, precious, prosperity, ready, sweet, wealth, welfare, (be) well(-favoured).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2896

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

טוֹב

verb • Root טוב • Strongs / High • Page 554

A half-passive formation. To shine, glitter. Metaphorically: (a) aspect: to be beautiful, lovely; (b) taste: to be agreeable; (c) smell: to be fragrant; (d) mind: to be cheerful, joyful; (e) state: to be well, in health, to thrive.

טוֹב

verb • Root טוב • Strongs / High • Page 555

To do well, to do good; to show goodness, benevolence. In its causative form (Hiphil), it means to make beautiful, to adorn, to amend, to cheer, to provide, to rejoice, to prepare, or to do good to.

טוֹב

adjective • Root טוב • Strongs / High • Page 555

Good. 1. Suiting and agreeable to the senses; beautiful, fragrant, well-tasted. 2. Good in internal quality; valuable, fruitful, healthy, solid, principal, able, select, eloquent. 3. Good with regard to usefulness; salutary, suitable, beneficent, profitable. 4. Good with respect to extent; rich, copious. 5. In a metaphorical sense; joyful, cheerful, festive, prosperous, happy. Also used as a substantive (טוּב) meaning comfortableness, convenience, ease, pleasure.

טוֹב

adjective • Strongs / High • Page 556

In an ethical sense: honest, of good morals, good-intentioned, kind, benevolent, gracious, friendly, liberal, mitigating, right, true, righteous, pious, good.

טוֹב

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 556

1. pleasantness, delight, prosperity, comfort, peace, beneficence, good, fortune's goods, riches, reputation, might, a prosperous condition. 2. in an ethical sense: the good, the right. 3. as an adverb: well. 4. as a proper name of a fruitful district of land in Syria.

טוֹב

adjective • Root טוב • Strongs / High • Page 755

good

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

טוֹב

verb • Root יטב • Page 260

1. To be good; personally 'it goes well with me' (Deut. 5:30); 'it pleases me' (Num. 24:1). 2. To be fair, lovely (Num. 24:5; Cant. 4:10). 3. To be serene, joyful, spoken of the heart (1 Sam. 25:36; 2 Sam. 13:28; Est. 1:10). Hiph. הֵטִיב: to do well (1 K. 8:18).

טוֹב

verb • Root טוב • Page 261

1. good (Ecc. 8:12, 13, Deut. 6:24, Jer. 32:39); 2. fair, beautiful (Ex. 2:2, Gen. 6:2); 3. pleasant, lovely (Cant. 1:2, 4); 4. happy, prosperous (Jer. 44:17, Ps. 112:5); 5. great (Ps. 69:17); 6. joyful (Est. 8:3, 1 K. 8:66); 7. having a compassionate eye, merciful (Prov. 22:9).

טוֹב

proper name • Page 261

Proper name of a country beyond Jordan. (Jud. 11:3, 2 Sam. 10:6). Probably the same with Twbios 1 Mac. 5:13.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2896

II. טוֹב (approximate number of occurrences: 524) adjective — pleasant, agreeable, good.

Cognates:

• Aramaic טַב
• Palmyrene טב, טבא¹

— טוֹב masculine Genesis 2:12 (22 times), טוֹבָם suffix Micah 7:4; feminine טוֹבָה Esther 8:5 (50 times), טֹבָה Deuteronomy 6:18 (2 times); construct טוֹבַת Genesis 26:7 (6 times), טֹבַת Genesis 24:16; plural טוֹבִים Jeremiah 44:17 (28 times); טֹבִים Genesis 27:9 (4 times); construct טוֹבֵי Daniel 1:4 (2 times); plural feminine טוֹבוֹת Esther 2:2, טֹבוֹת Jeremiah 24:2 (6 times), טֹבֹת Genesis 6:2 (4 times).

1. Pleasant, agreeable to the senses

a. To the sight, fair

• Genesis 6:2 (Jehovist Source)
• Exodus 2:2 (Elohist Source)
• 1 Samuel 9:2
• 1 Kings 20:3
• 1 Samuel 8:16 (read herds ᵐ5 Th We Klo Dr Bu)
• מראיהם Daniel 1:15
• טֹבַת מראה Genesis 24:16; 26:7 (Jehovist Source)
• 2 Samuel 11:2
• Esther 1:11; 2:3, 7
• טוב ראי 1 Samuel 16:12
• טוב תאר 1 Kings 1:6
• טובַת חן Nahum 3:4
• טוֹבוֹת מראה Esther 2:2
• טוֺבֵי מראה Daniel 1:4
• טוב לעינים Ecclesiastes 11:7
• טובה בעיניו Esther 8:5
• Joshua 7:21 (Jehovist Source)
• Isaiah 5:9
• Deuteronomy 8:12
• Deuteronomy 6:10
• 2 Kings 2:19

b. To the taste, good, sweet, agreeable for eating

• למאכל Genesis 2:9; 3:6 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 41:5, 22, 24, 26 (Elohist Source)
• Jeremiah 24:2, 3, 5
• Proverbs 24:13
• כְּיֵין הטוב Song of Solomon 7:10
• תְּנוּבָתִי הַטּוֺבָּה (+ מָתְקִי) Judges 9:11

c. To the smell, sweet-scented

• Song of Solomon 1:3
• קנה הטוב Jeremiah 6:20

d. Of pleasant shadow

• Hosea 4:13

2. Pleasant to the higher nature, happiness, prosperity

a. Of time

• יום טוב 1 Samuel 25:8; Esther 8:17; 9:19, 22
• Zechariah 8:19
• Genesis 41:35 (Elohist Source)

b. Of place

• טוב בית הנשׁים Esther 2:9
• בַּטּוֺב לוֹ Deuteronomy 23:17
• בַּטּוֺב בְּעֵינֵי Genesis 20:15

c. Of persons, pleasing in the eyes of

• טוב בעיני 1 Samuel 29:6, 9
• Malachi 2:17
• לִפְנֵי Ecclesiastes 2:26; 7:26
• 1 Samuel 29:10 ᵐ5 We Dr
• עם 1 Samuel 2:26

d. Of word or message

• בְּשׂוֺרָה טוֺבָה 2 Samuel 18:27
• שְׁמוּעָה טוֺבָה 1 Samuel 2:24; Proverbs 15:30; 25:25
• דבר בעתו Proverbs 15:23
• דבר טוב Proverbs 12:25; Psalm 45:2

e. Of other things

• דֶּרֶךְ טובה 1 Samuel 24:20
• מנחה כי טוב Genesis 49:15
• מה טוב ומה נעים Psalm 133:1
• טוב לְ Ecclesiastes 2:3; 6:12; 8:12, 13
• הֲטוֺב כִּי Job 13:9

3. Good, excellent of its kind

a. Of the several creations

• וירא אלהים כי טוֺב Genesis 1:4, 10, 12, 18, 21, 25 (Priests' Code)
• Genesis 1:31 (Priests' Code)

b. Of land, soil, fruitful

• Exodus 3:8; Numbers 13:19 (Jehovist Source)
• Numbers 14:7 (Priests' Code)
• Deuteronomy 1:25, 35; 3:25; 4:21–22; 6:18; 8:7, 10; 9:6; 11:17
• Joshua 23:16 (Deuteronomic Source); Judges 18:9; 1 Chronicles 28:8
• אדמה 1 Kings 14:15; Joshua 23:13, 15
• הר Deuteronomy 3:25
• חלקה 2 Kings 3:19, 25
• שׂדה Ezekiel 17:8
• נָוֶה Ezekiel 34:14
• מרעה 1 Chronicles 4:40; Ezekiel 34:14, 18

c. Of vegetation, choice, fruitful

• זֵיתִים 1 Samuel 8:14
• עץ 2 Kings 3:19, 25; Ezekiel 31:16
• שׁמן טוב 2 Kings 20:13 = Isaiah 39:2; Psalm 133:2; Ecclesiastes 7:1
• אם שׁניהם טובים Ecclesiastes 11:6

d. Of animals, fat

• בקר Genesis 18:7 (Jehovist Source)
• עזים Genesis 27:9 (Jehovist Source)
• פרות Genesis 41:26 (Elohist Source)
• יָרֵךְ Ezekiel 24:4

e. Of minerals, fine, pure

• זהב Genesis 2:12 (Jehovist Source); 2 Chronicles 3:5, 8
• כֶּתֶם Lamentations 4:1
• Ezra 8:27; Isaiah 41:7

4. Good, rich, valuable in estimation

a. In quantity

• שׂיבה טובה Genesis 15:15 (Redactor Source); 25:8 (Priests' Code); Judges 8:32; 1 Chronicles 29:28
• Genesis 30:20 (Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 28:12

b. In price, valuable

• Leviticus 27:10, 12, 14, 33 (Holiness Code)
• Proverbs 31:18; Ecclesiastes 4:9
• מחמדי הטבים Joel 4:5

5. Good, appropriate, becoming

• Ecclesiastes 7:11, 18; 5:17
• עֵצָה 2 Samuel 17:7, 14
• טוב פתר Genesis 40:16 (Elohist Source)
• טוב הדבר Exodus 18:17 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 1:14; 1 Samuel 26:16; 9:10; 1 Kings 2:38, 42; 18:24; 2 Kings 20:19 = Isaiah 39:8
• טוב (as exclamation) Ruth 3:13; 1 Samuel 20:7; 2 Samuel 3:13; 1 Kings 2:18
• 2 Samuel 18:3; Ruth 2:22; Lamentations 3:27; Job 10:3
• With infinitive: Genesis 2:18 (Jehovist Source); Psalm 73:28; 92:2; 147:1; Proverbs 25:27

6. Better (comparative)

• With מִן: Genesis 29:19 (Elohist Source); Exodus 14:12 (Jehovist Source); Psalm 118:8, 9; Proverbs 16:19; 25:7; Ecclesiastes 6:9; 7:2
• With מִן of person: Judges 15:2; Ruth 4:15; 1 Samuel 1:8; 15:28; 1 Kings 19:4; Proverbs 19:1; Ecclesiastes 4:3
• With מִן of thing: Judges 8:2; 1 Samuel 15:22; 2 Kings 5:12; Hosea 2:9; Amos 6:2; Psalm 37:16; 63:4; 84:11; Proverbs 3:14; 16:8; Ecclesiastes 7:1; 9:4

7. Of man's sensuous nature, glad, happy, prosperous

• טוב לב Proverbs 15:15; Esther 5:9; Ecclesiastes 9:7
• טוֺבֵי לב 1 Kings 8:65; 2 Chronicles 7:10
• טובים וַנּהיה Jeremiah 44:17
• Psalm 112:5

8. Of man's intellectual nature, good understanding

• שֵׂכֶל טוֺב 2 Chronicles 30:22; Psalm 111:10; Proverbs 3:4; 13:15
• טוֺבַת שֶׂכֶל 1 Samuel 25:3

9. Good, kind, benign

a. Of men themselves

• 1 Samuel 25:15; 2 Samuel 18:27; 2 Chronicles 10:7
• דברים טובים 1 Kings 12:7; 2 Chronicles 10:7

b. Of God himself

• Nahum 1:7; 2 Chronicles 30:18; Psalm 86:5
• כי טוב Psalm 34:9; 100:5; 135:3; Jeremiah 33:11
• כי טוב כי לעולם חסדוֺ 1 Chronicles 16:34; 2 Chronicles 5:13; Ezra 3:11; Psalm 106:1; 136:1
• יד הטוֹבָה Ezra 7:9; 8:18; Nehemiah 2:8, 18
• רוחךָ הטוֹבָה Nehemiah 9:20; Psalm 143:10
• Promised word: Joshua 21:43; 23:14; 1 Kings 8:56; Jeremiah 29:10; Zechariah 1:13

10. Good (ethical), right

• Micah 6:8; Job 34:4
• אישׁ טוב Proverbs 14:14
• הטוֹבִים 2 Chronicles 19:11; Psalm 125:4; Proverbs 2:28
• דֶּרֶךְ הטובה והישׂרה 1 Samuel 12:23
• דֶּרֶךְ הטובה 1 Kings 8:36; Isaiah 65:2; Jeremiah 6:16
• Ethical right to do: Proverbs 17:26; 18:5; 24:23; 28:21
• Of God: Psalm 25:8; 119:68; Ezekiel 20:25

III. טוֹב (occurrences: 134) noun masculine — a good thing, benefit, welfare.

1. welfare, prosperity, happiness
   • אם טוב ואם רע Jeremiah 42:6
   • Deuteronomy 26:11; Psalm 4:7; Ecclesiastes 2:1
   • לטוב לָנוּ Deuteronomy 6:24; 10:13
2. good things (collective)
   • ברכות טוב Psalm 21:4
   • בָתֵּיהֶם טוב Job 22:18
   • 1 Samuel 15:9
3. benefit
   • Proverbs 31:12; 11:23
   • Genesis 26:29
4. moral good
   • ידע טוב ורע Genesis 2:9, 17; 3:5, 22
   • עשׂה טוב Psalm 14:1, 3; Ecclesiastes 7:20

טוֹבָה (occurrences: 54) noun feminine — welfare, benefit, good things, good.

1. welfare, prosperity, happiness
   • Deuteronomy 23:7; Lamentations 3:17
   • יוֺם טובה Ecclesiastes 7:14
   • לטובה Genesis 50:20 (Elohist Source)
2. good things (collective)
   • a. Of good words: 1 Samuel 25:30; Jeremiah 12:6
   • b. Of material possessions: Ecclesiastes 5:10
3. bounty, good
   • שְׁנַת טוֺבָתֶ֑ךָ Psalm 65:12
   • רעה תחת טובה Genesis 44:4 (Jehovist Source); Psalm 35:12; Proverbs 17:13
   • זכר לי לטובה Nehemiah 5:19; 13:31

¹ Lag BN 26; de Vogüé, Syrie Centrale, Inscriptions Sémitiques (Vog).

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: ἀγαθὸν ἀγαθόν καλὸν ἀγαθά ἀγαθὰ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2896a:

ἀγαθὸν 46× (7.6%)

ἀγαθόν 31× (5.3%)

καλὸν 30× (5.1%)

ἀγαθά 28× (4.7%)

ἀγαθὰ 28× (4.6%)

ἀγαθον 26× (4.6%)

καλόν 18× (3.2%)

ἀγαθὸσ 17× (3.0%)

ἀγαθοῖσ 17× (2.6%)

ἀγαθῶν 16× (2.7%)

רע רָ֝֗ע

evil one/friend

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רע

raʻ

Definition

bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

Root

from H7489 (רעע);

Exhaustive

from רעע; bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral); adversity, affliction, bad, calamity, [phrase] displease(-ure), distress, evil((-favouredness), man, thing), [phrase] exceedingly, [idiom] great, grief(-vous), harm, heavy, hurt(-ful), ill (favoured), [phrase] mark, mischief(-vous), misery, naught(-ty), noisome, [phrase] not please, sad(-ly), sore, sorrow, trouble, vex, wicked(-ly, -ness, one), worse(-st), wretchedness, wrong. (Incl. feminine raaah; as adjective or noun.).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7451

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רַע

adjective / masculine • Root רעע • Strongs / High • Page 1344

I. bad, unpleasant; expressing what is unsalutary either by its internal unfitness and worthlessness, or injuriousness; hence ill-favoured, envious, wicked, evil, malignant, hurtful, troubled, sorrowful.

רַע

adjective • Strongs / High • Page 1345

1. wild; evil, bad, unpleasant; sad spirit; painful. 2. In a moral sense: evil, sinful. 3. to be displeasing in one's eyes. Without a noun: bad, also as an adv.

רַע

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1345

II. m. 1. abstr. ill, evil (that one does); adversity, calamity, misfortune; in a moral sense, wickedness, sin. 2. concr. an evil one, a sinner.

רַע

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1345

III. m. 1. (from רִיעַ) noise, noise of war, cry of grief, rolling of thunder. 2. (from רֵעָה II) a friend, companion; defect, flaw.

רַע

adjective / noun masculine • Root רעע • Strongs / High • Page 1347

I. Bad, evil, morally wicked (adj.); often in a moral sense, what is bad religiously speaking, wickedness, vice, as a deed, sin; also concrete the wicked (n.).

רַע

adjective / substantive • Root רעע • Strongs / High • Page 1350

Bad, evil, wicked, mischievous, sorrowful, vexed, envious, jealous. (Also functions as a noun meaning an evil-doer, foolishness, viciousness, badness, discord).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רַע

verb • Root רעע • Page 622

1. bad, of a bad quality. Lev. 27: 10. 2. ugly, ill-favoured. Gen. 41: 3. 3. evil, unfortunate, calamitous. Jer. 7: 6. 4. evil, pernicious, dangerous. Gen. 37: 33. 5. having an evil eye, envious. Prov. 23: 6. 6. sad; spoken of the heart or countenance. Gen. 40: 7.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7451

I. רַע (approximate number of occurrences: 226) adjective — bad, evil.

— רַע masculine singular Genesis 6:5 +; רָ֑ע Genesis 31:24 +; plural רָעִים Genesis 13:13 +; construct רָעֵי Ezekiel 7:24 (strike out Cornill¹); feminine singular רָעָה Genesis 37:2 (37 times); plural רָעוֺת Genesis 28:8 (14 times); רָעֹת Genesis 41:27.

1. Bad, disagreeable, malignant

• Of a woman: רָעָה בְּעֵינֵי Exodus 21:8 (Elohist Source; perhaps verb רָ֫עָה); plural Genesis 28:8 (Priestly Code)
• Poisonous herb: 2 Kings 4:41
• Malignant boils: Deuteronomy 28:35, Job 2:7
• Diseases: Deuteronomy 7:15, Deuteronomy 28:59, 2 Chronicles 21:19, Ecclesiastes 6:2
• Deadly sword: Psalm 144:10; arrows: Ezekiel 5:16; severe judgments: Ezekiel 14:21; wonders: Deuteronomy 6:22
• מַלְאֲכֵי רָעִים fierce messengers: Psalm 78:49 (compare Ewald², Gesenius³)
• Wild beasts: Genesis 37:20, 33 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Leviticus 26:6 (Holiness Code), Ezekiel 5:17, Ezekiel 14:15, 21, Ezekiel 34:25
• Unclean thing: Deuteronomy 23:10

2. Bad, unpleasant (pain, unhappy, misery)

• ימים רעים evil days: Genesis 47:9 (Priestly Code), Proverbs 15:15
• Unpleasant business: Ecclesiastes 1:13, 4:8, 5:13, compare 2:17, 9:3
• הַמַּעֲשֶׂה הָרָע: Ecclesiastes 4:3
• דבר הרע evil report: Exodus 33:4 (Jehovist Source), דִּבָּה רָעָה Genesis 37:2 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Numbers 14:37 (Priestly Code), שׁם רע Deuteronomy 22:14, 19, Nehemiah 6:13
• שְׁמוּעָה רָעָה: Jeremiah 49:23, Psalm 112:7
• Painful discipline: Proverbs 15:10; evil occurrence: 1 Kings 5:18; evil net: Ecclesiastes 9:12; instruments: Isaiah 32:7
• כל הדבר הרע all evil things: Joshua 23:15 (Deuteronomic Source)
• רַע it is bad/harmful: Isaiah 3:11, Jeremiah 2:19
• Of speech, רע או טוב speak bad or good: Genesis 24:50 (Jehovist Source); מטוב עד רע Genesis 31:24, 29 (Elohist Source); לְמֵרָע ועד טוב 2 Samuel 13:22
• Of the divine spirit producing frenzy: 1 Samuel 16:14–16, 23, 18:10, 19:9

3. Evil, displeasing

עָשָׂה רַע בְּעֵינֵי סַרְנֵי פְלשְׁתִּים: 1 Samuel 29:7.

4. Bad of its kind

Land: Numbers 13:19 (Jehovist Source); place: Numbers 20:5 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); waters: 2 Kings 2:19; figs: Jeremiah 24:2, 3, 8; kine: Genesis 41:3–4, 19–21, 27 (Elohist Source); מוּם רע: Deuteronomy 15:21, compare 17:1.

5. Bad (of low value)

Leviticus 27:10, 12, 14, 33 (Holiness Code), compare Malachi 1:8; רַע רַע יאֹמַר הַקּוֺנֶה: Proverbs 20:14.

6. Worse than (comparative/superlative)

מִן comparative: 2 Samuel 19:8; as superlative, רָעֵי גוֺיִם worst of nations: Ezekiel 7:24.

7. Sad, unhappy

לֶב רָע sad heart: Proverbs 25:20; of face: Genesis 40:7 (Elohist Source), Nehemiah 2:2; רע לְפָנָיו: Nehemiah 2:1.

8. Devise evil device

חָשַׁב מַחֲשֶׁבֶת רָעָה: Ezekiel 38:10, Esther 9:25.

9. Bad, unkind (disposition/temper)

וְלֶב רָע when the mind is vicious: Proverbs 26:23; רַע עַיִן evil of eye: Proverbs 23:6, 28:22; רוּחַ רָעָה bad temper: Judges 9:23.

10. Ethically bad, evil, wicked

a. In general

• אם טוב ואם רע: Ecclesiastes 12:14

b. Of persons

• אִישׁ רע: 1 Samuel 30:22; אדם רע: Psalm 140:2; המן הרע הזה: Esther 7:6
• רָע evil man: Psalm 10:15, Job 21:30, Proverbs 11:21, 12:13, 24:20
• רָעִים evil men: Genesis 13:13 (Jehovist Source), Jeremiah 6:29, 15:21, Ezekiel 30:12, Job 35:12, Proverbs 4:14, 14:19
• רָעוֺת evil women: Jeremiah 2:33; שׁכנים רעים: Jeremiah 12:14
• Of generation, people, congregation: Deuteronomy 1:35, Jeremiah 13:10, Numbers 14:27, 35 (Priestly Code), Jeremiah 8:3
• רַע בְּעֵינֵי י׳: Genesis 38:7 (Jehovist-Elohist Source) = 1 Chronicles 2:8
• עָשָׂה הָרָע בְּעֵינֵי י׳: Numbers 32:13 (Redactor), Deuteronomy 4:25, 9:18, 17:2, 31:29, Judges 2:11 (48 times), 2 Kings 21:15, Isaiah 65:12, Jeremiah 7:30, Psalm 51:6

c. Of thoughts

• יֵצֶר: Genesis 6:5, 8:21 (Jehovist Source)
• הַלֵּב הָרָע: Jeremiah 3:17, 7:24, 11:8, 16:12, 18:12
• רעות (words): Proverbs 15:28

d. Deeds, actions

• עשׂה דבר הרע: Deuteronomy 13:12, 17:5, 19:20, Nehemiah 13:17
• דבר רע: Psalm 64:6, 141:4, Ecclesiastes 8:3, 5; דברים: 1 Samuel 2:23, 2 Kings 17:11
• דֶּרֶךְ evil way: 1 Kings 13:33, Jeremiah 18:11, 23:22; דרכים: 2 Kings 17:13, Ezekiel 33:11, Zechariah 1:4
• מעשׂינוּ: Ezra 9:13; מעללים: Zechariah 1:4, Nehemiah 9:35
• בֶּצַע רע: Habakkuk 2:9; תועבות רעות: Ezekiel 6:11, 8:9
• כִּי רָעוֺת בִּמְגוּרָם: Psalm 55:16

II. רַע (approximate number of occurrences: 126) noun masculine — evil, distress, misery, injury, calamity.

— absolute רַע Numbers 11:1 +; בְּרָע Exodus 5:19 +; רָ֑ע Genesis 48:16 +.

1. Evil, distress, adversity

• יָרֵא רַע fear evil: Psalm 23:4, Zephaniah 3:15
• בּוֺרֵא רָ֑ע (of God): Isaiah 45:7; הביא רע: Isaiah 31:2
• אם טוב ואם רע prosperity or adversity: Jeremiah 42:6
• יוֺם רע day of calamity: Amos 6:3, Psalm 49:6, 94:13
• בְּרָע in adversity: Exodus 5:19 (Elohist Source), Psalm 10:6
• מכל רע from all evil: Genesis 48:16 (Elohist Source), Psalm 121:7

2. Evil, injury, wrong

• עשׂה רע with עִם: Genesis 31:29 (Elohist Source); with ל: Jeremiah 39:12
• As object of חשּׁב: Hosea 7:15; חרשׁ: Proverbs 6:14, 14:22
• לֹא יִתְנַבֵּא טוֺב כִּי אִם רָ֑ע: 1 Kings 22:8, 18
• לרע for harm: Isaiah 59:7, Jeremiah 7:6, Psalm 56:6

3. Ethical evil

• Deuteronomy 30:15, 2 Samuel 14:17, Isaiah 5:20, Amos 5:14
• עשׂה רע: 2 Kings 21:9, 2 Chronicles 12:14, Nehemiah 9:28
• שׂנא רע: Amos 5:15, Psalm 97:10, Proverbs 8:13
• סר מֵרָע depart from evil: Isaiah 59:15, Psalm 34:15, Proverbs 3:7
• כי ברע הוא set on evil: Exodus 32:22 (Jehovist Source)
• אֵשֶׁת רע evil woman: Proverbs 6:24 (perhaps read רֵעַ friend)

III. רָעָה (approximate number of occurrences: 310) noun feminine — evil, misery, distress, injury.

— absolute רָעָה Genesis 26:29 +; construct רָעַת Genesis 6:5 +; suffix רָֽעָתִי Psalm 35:4 +; plural רָעוֺת Deuteronomy 31:17 +, רָעֹת Jeremiah 44:9.

1. Evil, misery, distress

• באה הרעה: Ezekiel 7:5, Isaiah 47:11
• הביא רעה: Jeremiah 4:6, 1 Kings 21:29, 2 Samuel 17:14
• יוֺם רעה: Jeremiah 17:17, Ecclesiastes 12:1
• ראה ברעה: Numbers 11:15 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Obadiah 1:13, Esther 8:6
• נִחַם עַל רָעָה repent of evil: Exodus 32:12, 14 (Jehovist Source), Jeremiah 18:8, Joel 2:13

2. Evil, injury, wrong

• עשׂה רעה with עִם: Genesis 26:29 (Jehovist Source), Judges 15:3
• Object of השׁב: Genesis 50:20 (Elohist Source), Jeremiah 36:3
• גמל רעה: Genesis 50:17 (Elohist Source), 1 Samuel 24:18
• לְרָעָה for harm: Genesis 31:52, Deuteronomy 29:20, Amos 9:4

3. Ethical evil

• 1 Samuel 12:17, Isaiah 47:10, Jeremiah 2:19
• עָשָׂה רָעָה: Genesis 39:9, Deuteronomy 31:18 (Jehovist Source)
• שׁוּב מרעה turn from evil: Jeremiah 18:8, 23:14, 44:5
• בִּעֵר רעה consume evil: Judges 20:13

¹ C. H. Cornill, Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

² Heinrich Ewald, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache des Alten Bundes.

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: πονηρὸν κακὰ κακά κακῶν πονηρὰ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7451b:

πονηρὸν 89× (12.6%)

κακὰ 62× (9.4%)

κακά 58× (8.8%)

κακῶν 31× (4.3%)

πονηρὰ 26× (4.0%)

κακίαν 26× (3.8%)

κακία 24× (3.4%)

--- 21× (3.4%)

πονηρόν 18× (2.7%)

κακίασ 18× (2.5%)

לא לֹא

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

ימאס יִמְאָס׃

rejecting

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מאס

mâʼaç

Definition

to spurn; also (intransitively) to disappear

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to spurn; also (intransitively) to disappear; abhor, cast away (off), contemn, despise, disdain, (become) loathe(some), melt away, refuse, reject, reprobate, [idiom] utterly, vile person.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3988

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מָאַס

verb • Root מאס • Strongs / High • Page 801

I. (Qal) to reject, repudiate, refuse, despise, contemn, abhor. (Nifal) to be despised, rejected, worthless.

מָאַס

verb • Root מאס • Strongs / High • Page 801

II. intransitive, after the Aramaic mode, equivalent to מְסַס (to melt, dissolve).

מָאַס

verb • Root מאס • Strongs / High • Page 802

to melt, to dissolve; hence fig. to tremble, to be afraid.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מָאַס

verb • Page 352

I. 1. to reject. (Opposite of בָּחַר to choose.) Is. 7: 15, 16. 41: 9. Job 34: 33. It is construed with an accus. and with בְּ, and is spoken most frequently (1.) of God, who rejects his people, Jer. 6: 30. 7: 29. 14: 19. or (2.) of men, who reject God and his commandments, 1 Sam. 15: 23. 2 K. 17: 15. 2. to despise, not to regard. Prov. 15 : 32. Job 19 : 18. Infin. מָאֹס Lam. 3: 45, as a subst. contempt. Niph. pass. Ps. 15: 4. Is. 54: 6.

מָאַס

verb • Root מסס • Page 352

II. i. q. the kindred מָסַס to melt away, to disappear. (So in Chald. מְאַךְ i. q. מְכַךְ, and מָאַס i. q. מָסַס.) Niph. Ps. 58 : 8 let them melt away as water. Job 7: 5 my skin heals and breaks out again, i.e. sanie diffluit.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3988

I. מָאַס verb — reject.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic מְאַס reject, despise
• Arabic مَأَسَ lightly esteem¹
• Assyrian maʾâsu destroy²

— מָאַס absolute Isaiah 8:6 (4 times); suffix מְאָסָם Psalm 53:6; 2 masculine singular מָאַסְתָּ Jeremiah 14:19 (3 times), מָאַסְתָּה Judges 9:38, 1 Samuel 15:26 (22 times Perfect); Imperfect יִמְאַס Job 8:20 (3 times), יִמְאָ֑ס Psalm 36:5, Job 36:5; suffix וַיִּמְאָֽסְךָ 1 Samuel 15:23, 26; וְאֶמְ˜אסְךָ Hosea 4:6; 3 masculine plural יִמְאֲסוּ Jeremiah 6:19 (2 times), יִמְאָס֑וּן Isaiah 31:7 (12 times Imperfect); Infinitive absolute מָאוֺס Isaiah 7:15–16, מָאֹס Jeremiah 14:19, Lamentations 5:22; construct מָֽאָסְכֶם Isaiah 30:12, מָאֳסָם Amos 2:4; Participle מוֺאֵס Proverbs 15:32, מֹאֵס Isaiah 33:15, feminine מֹאֶסֶת Ezekiel 21:15 (text dubious³), Ezekiel 21:18.

1. Reject, refuse

a. with accusative

• God rejects men: Hosea 4:6; Hosea 9:17; 1 Samuel 15:23, 26; 1 Samuel 16:1, 7; 2 Kings 23:27; Jeremiah 7:29; Jeremiah 14:19; Jeremiah 33:24, 26; Leviticus 26:44 (Holiness Code); Psalm 53:6; Job 8:20; Job 10:3; Lamentations 5:22; זָנַחְתָּ וַתִּמְאָס Psalm 89:39
• Men reject God: Numbers 11:20 (Jehovist Source); 1 Samuel 8:7; 1 Samuel 10:19
• Men reject men: 1 Samuel 8:7; Job 30:1
• Reject idols: Isaiah 31:7; evil: Psalm 36:5; knowledge: Hosea 4:6
• Reject divine law / word: תורה Amos 2:4, Isaiah 5:24; דבר 1 Samuel 15:23, 26; חקות Exodus 20:24; חקים 2 Kings 17:15; מוסר Job 5:17, Proverbs 3:11

b. with בְּ

• God rejects men: 2 Kings 17:20; Jeremiah 6:30; Jeremiah 31:37; Psalm 78:59, 67
• Men reject divine law: תורה Jeremiah 6:19; דבר Isaiah 30:12; Jeremiah 8:9; חקות Leviticus 26:15 (Holiness Code); משׁפטים Leviticus 26:43 (Holiness Code), Ezekiel 5:6, Ezekiel 20:13, 16
• Rejecting other things: Numbers 14:31 (Jehovist Source); Isaiah 33:15; Jeremiah 4:30; Psalm 106:24

2. Despise

Usually with accusative:

• God subject: שׂנאתי מאסתי חגיכם Amos 5:21 I hate, I despise your feasts
• Men subject: Job 19:18 even young children despise me; Job 9:21 I despise my life; Proverbs 15:32; Judges 9:38; Isaiah 33:8
• Object omitted: Job 7:16; Job 34:33; Job 36:5; Job 42:6

Niphal

— be rejected.

• Imperfect תִּמָּאֵם Isaiah 54:6 (of a wife)
• Participle נִמְאָס Jeremiah 6:30 (silver), Psalm 15:4 (reprobate)
• feminine נִמְאָסָה, נִמְaאֶסֶת 1 Samuel 15:9 rejected, i.e. worthless⁴

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II. [מָאַס] verb Niphal — flow, run (Aramaic id., but rare; secondary form of מסס).

• Imperfect וַיִּמָּאֵס Job 7:5 my skin hath hardened and run (i.e. afresh)
• כְּמוֺ מַיִם יִמָּֽאֲסוּ Psalm 58:8 (figurative of annihilation)

[מַאֲפֶה] see אפה; מַאֲפֵל, מַאְמֵּלְיָה, see אפל.

מאץ (compare Arabic مَأَصَ a kind of white camel, whence Lag^{BN 29} proposes מָאֹץ for the difficult אָמֹץ in Zechariah 6:3, 7).

¹ Barth, Jacob. Etymologische Studien zum semitischen Lexicon (1893).

² Meissner, Bruno. Supplement zu den assyrischen Wörterbüchern (1898).

³ Cornill reads מוֺאֲסֵי; Bertholet reads וּמְאַסֵּף.

⁴ According to Wellhausen, Klostermann, Driver, Kittel, Budde, and H.P. Smith.

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἀπώσαντο ἐξουδένωσασ '' αὐτοὺσ ἀπεδοκίμασεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3988a:

ἀπώσαντο 5× (6.1%)

ἐξουδένωσασ 4× (4.7%)

'' 3× (3.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 3× (2.9%)

ἀπεδοκίμασεν 2× (2.4%)

ὑπερεῖδον 2× (2.4%)

ἀπώσω 2× (2.4%)

ἐξουδένωκα 2× (2.4%)

ἀποποιήσηται 2× (2.4%)

ἠπειθήσατε 2× (2.4%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
O Jehovah, thy mercy is in the heavens; thy faithfulness even to the clouds.

LITV Translation:
Your mercy, O Jehovah, is in the heavens; Your faithfulness to the dust clouds .

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Disclose thy way to the Lord, And hope in him; and he shall bring it to pass.