Psalms 21:3

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

תאות תַּאֲוַת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

תאוה

taʼăvâh

Definition

a longing; by implication, a delight (subjectively, satisfaction, objectively, a charm)

Root

from H183 (אוה) (abbreviated);

Exhaustive

from אוה (abbreviated); a longing; by implication, a delight (subjectively, satisfaction, objectively, a charm); dainty, desire, [idiom] exceedingly, [idiom] greedily, lust(ing), pleasant. See also קברות התאוה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8378

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תַּאֲוָה

noun feminine • Root אוה • Strongs / High • Page 1494

f. 1. (from אָוָה I.) a longing, desire, wish (Ps. 10, 17); lust, appetite (Num. 11, 4). 2. (from תָּאָה I. or אָוָה II.) bound, limit (Gen. 49, 26).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8378

I. תַּאֲוָה (approximate number of occurrences: 20) noun feminine — desire.

— תַּאֲוָה absolute Genesis 3:6 +; construct תַּאֲוַת Psalm 10:3 + etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Desire, wish

• Proverbs 13:12, 19
• Proverbs 18:1

b. Physical appetite, longing for dainty food

• ת׳ מַאֲכַל Job 33:20

c. In a good sense

• Psalm 10:17
• Psalm 38:10
• Proverbs 11:23
• Proverbs 19:22 (? compare below)
• לְשִׁמְךָ וּלְזִכְרְךָ ת׳ נָֿ֑פֶשׁ Isaiah 26:8

d. In a bad sense, lust, appetite, covetousness

• ת׳ נַפְשׁוֺ Psalm 10:3
• Psalm 112:10
• Proverbs 21:25–26 (as accusative of cognate meaning)
• Particularly of longing for dainties of Egypt: Numbers 11:4; Psalm 106:14 (both accusative of cognate meaning), Psalm 78:30

e. In proper name given to place where it occurred

• קִבְרוֺת הַתַּאֲוָה (q. v.) Numbers 11:34–35; Numbers 33:16–17; Deuteronomy 9:22

2. Thing desired

a. In a good sense

• Proverbs 10:24

b. In a bad sense

• Psalm 78:29
• ת׳ לִבּוֺ Psalm 21:3

c. Thing desirable (to senses)

• ת׳ לְעֵינַיִם Genesis 3:6
• Perhaps also Proverbs 19:22 the ornament of a man is his kindness (Ra¹ Ki², etc. but compare above)

¹ Rashi (Rabbi Shlomo Itzhaki), 1040–1105.

² David Kimchi (Radak), 1160–1235.

Noun common feminine singular construct

LXX: ἐπιθυμία ἐπιθυμίαν ἐπιθυμίαι ἐπιθυμίασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8378:

ἐπιθυμία 5× (23.8%)

ἐπιθυμίαν 5× (21.6%)

ἐπιθυμίαι 2× (9.8%)

ἐπιθυμίασ 2× (8.4%)

לבו לִ֭בּוֹ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לב

lêb

Definition

the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything

Root

a form of H3824 (לבב);

Exhaustive

a form of לבב; the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything; [phrase] care for, comfortably, consent, [idiom] considered, courag(-eous), friend(-ly), ((broken-), (hard-), (merry-), (stiff-), (stout-), double) heart(-ed), [idiom] heed, [idiom] I, kindly, midst, mind(-ed), [idiom] regard(-ed), [idiom] themselves, [idiom] unawares, understanding, [idiom] well, willingly, wisdom.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3820

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֵב

noun / masculine • Root לבב • Strongs / High • Page 763

The heart, used both physically and metaphorically. It is considered the seat of bodily life (anima, vita); the seat of mental life including will, desire, intention, intellect (knowing, perceiving, understanding, thinking); the seat of sensuous feelings and affections like joy, sorrow, despair, and trust; and the center of moral and spiritual life.

לֵב

noun • Root לבב • Strongs / High • Page 764

A gentile noun, with the plural form לִבִּים. Derived from לָבַב II.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֵב

noun masculine • Page 339

The heart. (1) The seat of intellect, mind, purpose, or intention (1 K. 8:17; Job 12:3). (2) Middle or midst, e.g., of the sea (Ex. 15:8) or heaven (Deut. 4:11). (3) Courage or spirit (Deut. 20:8; Gen. 42:28). (4) Used with suffixes to form a periphrasis of personal pronouns (Ex. 9:14). Includes Chald. form in Dan. 7:28.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3820

I. לֵב (approximate number of occurrences: 591) noun masculine (feminine Proverbs 12:25, from influence of נֶפֶשׁ) — inner man, mind, will, heart.

— לֵב absolute and construct Genesis 8:21 (239 times); לֶבֿ Exodus 15:8 (15 times); suffix לִבִּי Genesis 24:45 (102 times); לִבְּךָ Exodus 9:14 (28 times); לִבֶּ֑ךָ Judges 19:6 (25 times); לִבֵּךְ Isaiah 47:7 (7 times); לִבּוֺ Genesis 6:5 (93 times); לִבָּהּ Judges 19:3 (7 times); לִבֵּנוּ Isaiah 41:22 (5 times); לִבְּכֶם Genesis 8:5 (2 times); לִבָּם Genesis 42:28 (56 times); לִבָּן Exodus 35:26; לִבְּהֶן Ezekiel 13:17; plural לִבּוֺת Psalm 7:10, Proverbs 15:11 (3 times Proverbs); suffix לִבֹּתָם Isaiah 44:18; לִבּוֺתָם Psalm 125:4.

I. Seldom of things (midst)

• בְּלֶביָֿם in the midst of the sea Exodus 15:8; Proverbs 23:34; Proverbs 30:19
• בְּלֵב יַמִּים Psalm 46:3; Ezekiel 27:4, 25, 26, 27
• בלב האלה 2 Samuel 18:14
• בְּלֵב אֹיְבֵי in the midst of the enemies of Psalm 45:2

II. Elsewhere of men

1. the inner man in contrast with outer
   • לבי ובשׂרי ירננו my heart and my flesh cry out Psalm 84:3
   • (+ מעים) Psalm 22:15; Jeremiah 4:19
   • as within the breast על לב Exodus 28:3, 29, 30 (Priests' Code)
   • מלב 2 Kings 9:24; בלב Psalm 37:15; 2 Samuel 18:14
   • antithesis with בָּשָׂר Proverbs 14:30; Ecclesiastes 2:3; אֲנִי יְשֵׁינָה וְלִבִּי עֵר Songs 5:2
2. the inner man, indefinite, soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
   • בכל לב 1 Kings 8:23; Psalm 9:2; Psalm 119:2, 10, 34
   • תַּעֲלֻמוֺת לֵב secrets of the heart Psalm 44:22
   • לֵב מְלָכִים אֵין חֵקֶר Proverbs 25:4
   • הַיֹּצֵר יַחַד לִבָּם Psalm 33:15
3. specific reference to mind:

   a. one's own mind

   • מִלֵּב Numbers 16:28; Numbers 24:13 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); 1 Kings 12:33
   • חֲסַר לֵב destitute of mind Proverbs 6:32; Proverbs 7:7; Proverbs 9:4, 16 +
   • גנב לב 2 Samuel 15:6; Genesis 31:20 (Elohist Source)

   b. knowledge

   • with ידע Deuteronomy 29:3; Proverbs 14:10
   • לֵב חָכָם wise mind 1 Kings 3:12; Proverbs 16:23
   • חֲכַם לֵב Exodus 31:6; Exodus 35:10 (Priests' Code); Proverbs 10:8
   • לֵב נָבוֺן intelligent mind Proverbs 14:33; Proverbs 15:14

   c. thinking, reflection

   • with חשׁב Psalm 140:3; Proverbs 16:9
   • שׂם לב set the mind, consider Isaiah 41:22; Ezekiel 44:5
   • שׁת לב Psalm 62:10; Proverbs 22:17; Proverbs 24:32

   d. memory

   • השׁיב אל לב call to mind Isaiah 44:19; Lamentations 3:21
   • עלה על לב come into mind Isaiah 65:17; Jeremiah 3:16
   • שׂם על לב lay to heart Isaiah 42:25; Malachi 2:2
   • לוּחַ לֵב tablet of the memory Proverbs 3:3; Jeremiah 17:1
   • נִשְׁכַּחְתִּי כְּמֵת מִלֵּב Psalm 31:13
4. inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will:
   • הכין לב set the mind Psalm 10:17; Job 11:13
   • נכון לב Psalm 57:8; Psalm 112:7
   • אֲשֶׁר נְשָׂאוֺ לִבּוֺ whose heart stirred him up Exodus 35:21, Exodus 36:2 (Priests' Code)
   • נְדִיב לֵב willing of mind Exodus 35:5, 22 (Priests' Code)
   • נטה לב אחריּ inclined to follow Judges 9:3
5. specific reference to conscience:
   • וַיַּךְ לֵב דָּוִד אֹתוֺ David's heart (conscience) smote him 1 Samuel 24:6
   • מִכְשׁוֺל לֵב offence of conscience 1 Samuel 25:31
6. specific reference to moral character:

   a. uprightness and purity

   • ישֶׁר לִבִּי Job 33:3; יִשְׁרֵי לֵב Psalm 7:11; Psalm 32:11
   • לֵב טָהוֺר clean heart Psalm 51:12; לֵב חָדָשׁ new heart Ezekiel 36:26
   • נִשְׁבְּרֵי לֵב broken of heart Psalm 34:19; Isaiah 61:1

   b. evil and deceit

   • לֵב רָע evil heart Proverbs 26:23
   • חַנְפֵי לֵב godless in heart Job 36:13
   • עקּשׁ(י) לב perverse in heart Proverbs 11:20; Proverbs 17:20
   • בלב ולב with a double heart Psalm 12:3

   c. seat of pride

   • גְּבַהּ לֵב Proverbs 16:5; גָּבַהּ לֵב Psalm 131:1; Ezekiel 28:2
   • גֹּבַהּ לב 2 Chronicles 32:26

   d. uncircumcised and hardened

   • חזּק לב Exodus 4:21 (Elohist Source); Exodus 14:4 (Priests' Code); Joshua 11:20 (Deuteronomic Source)
   • הכביד לב Exodus 8:11; Exodus 10:1 (Jehovist Source)
   • לב האבן the heart of stone Ezekiel 11:19; Ezekiel 36:26
   • שְׁרִ(י)רוּת לֵב Deuteronomy 29:18; Jeremiah 3:17
7. for the man himself:
   • אמר בלב Genesis 17:17 (Priests' Code); Genesis 27:41 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
   • דבּר בלב Ecclesiastes 2:15; עִם לב Ecclesiastes 1:16
8. as seat of appetites:
   • סְעַד לב stay the heart (with bread) Genesis 18:5 (Jehovist Source); Judges 19:5
9. as seat of the emotions and passions:

   a. of joy and gladness

   • טוב לב Judges 19:6; Ruth 3:7; Isaiah 65:14
   • שׂמח לב Exodus 4:14 (Jehovist Source); Psalm 19:9; Proverbs 27:11
   • דבּר עַל לֵב speak unto the heart (kindly) Genesis 34:3; Isaiah 40:2; Hosea 2:16

   b. of trouble and sorrow

   • לב נמס the heart melteth (in fear) 2 Samuel 17:10; Psalm 22:15; Nahum 2:11
   • sorrow Nehemiah 2:2; it is wounded Psalm 109:22
10. seat of courage:
    • יַאֲמֵץ לִבֶּ֑ךָ let thine heart take courage Psalm 27:14
    • אַמִּיץ לִבּוֺ Amos 2:16; אַבִּירֵי לֵב stout-hearted Psalm 76:6; Isaiah 46:12
    • לִבוֺ כְּלֵב הָאַרְיֵה 2 Samuel 17:10

Aramaic

I. לֵב noun masculine id. (Biblical Hebrew id.).

Cognates:

• Targum לִבָּא
• Syriac לבּא
• Egyptian Aramaic לב

• suffix לִבִּי Daniel 7:28

¹ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

² Elohist Source.

³ Jehovist-Elohist Source.

⁴ Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁵ Deuteronomic Source.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: καρδία καρδίαν καρδίᾳ καρδίασ διανοίᾳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3820a:

καρδία 163× (25.0%)

καρδίαν 140× (21.9%)

καρδίᾳ 93× (14.7%)

καρδίασ 68× (11.0%)

διανοίᾳ 12× (1.7%)

'' 8× (1.2%)

αὐτῆσ 8× (1.0%)

--- 7× (1.3%)

φρενῶν 7× (1.3%)

καρδίαι 6× (1.0%)

נתתה נָתַתָּה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נתן

nâthan

Definition

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.); add, apply, appoint, ascribe, assign, [idiom] avenge, [idiom] be (healed), bestow, bring (forth, hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, [phrase] cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, [idiom] doubtless, [idiom] without fail, fasten, frame, [idiom] get, give (forth, over, up), grant, hang (up), [idiom] have, [idiom] indeed, lay (unto charge, up), (give) leave, lend, let (out), [phrase] lie, lift up, make, [phrase] O that, occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, [idiom] pull, put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send (out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), [phrase] sing, [phrase] slander, strike, (sub-) mit, suffer, [idiom] surely, [idiom] take, thrust, trade, turn, utter, [phrase] weep, [phrase] willingly, [phrase] withdraw, [phrase] would (to) God, yield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5414

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 755

to give, bestow

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 999

A verb with a wide range of meanings, primarily: 1. to give, to hand over, to deliver, to deal out, to perform, to permit, to sell. 2. to set, to place, to lay, to erect, to appoint, to establish. It is used in numerous idiomatic phrases such as 'to give up to one's care' (נָתַן עַל־יַד), 'to bear or bring fruit' (נָתַן פְּרִי), 'to flee' (נָתַן עֹרֶף), 'to give favour' (נָתַן חֵן), 'to stretch forth the hand' (נָתַן יָד), 'to deliver into one's power' (נָתַן בְּיַד), and 'to give up to the sword' (נָתַן לְחֶרֶב).

נָתַן

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1000

To give, put, set, lay upon, impute guilt, apply the mind, make, or treat as. In Niphal: to be given, delivered, published, set, take place, or become. In Hophal: to be given, put, poured, or suspended.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Page 463

1. To give (Prov. 13:10, Josh. 15:19). Phrases: מִי יִתֵּן 'who will give?' used as an expression of a wish (Ps. 55:7, Ex. 16:3, Deut. 28:67). 2. To lay, set, place (Gen. 1:17, 9:13, Ps. 119:110, Ezek. 26:8). 3. To make or do (Ex. 7:9, Gen. 17:4, Jer. 1:5, Is. 41:2). 4. To permit, allow, grant (Gen. 20:6, Ex. 3:19, Judg. 1:34, 15:1, 1 Sam. 18:2, Job 9:18, 2 Chr. 20:10). 5. To give forth, yield, or utter; e.g., a smell or sound (Cant. 1:12, Job 1:22, Ps. 81:3). 6. To hold or regard (1 K. 10:27, Gen. 42:30, 1 Sam. 1:16). Includes Niph. and Hoph. (to be given, placed, or made).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5414

I. נָתַן (approximate number of occurrences: 2007) verb — give, put, set.

Cognates:

• Ecclesiasticus נתן
• Old Hebrew נתןיֿהו
• Phoenician יתן, נתן
• Assyrian nadânu
• Zinjirli נתן
• Nabataean ינתן
• Palmyrene יתן
• Targum יִתֵּן
• Sabean נתן
• Syriac נתן

— נָתַן absolute Genesis 24:53 +; 2 masculine singular נָתַ֫תָּ Judges 15:18, נָתַ֫תָּה Genesis 3:12; 1 singular נָתַ֫תִּי Judges 1:2; Imperfect יִּתֵּן Genesis 43:14; Imperative תֵּן 2 Kings 4:42; Infinitive absolute נָתוֺן Deuteronomy 15:10; construct תֵּת Genesis 4:12; Participle נֹתֵן Judges 21:18.

1. Give

a. Deliver or hand to personally

• 1 Samuel 10:4
• Leviticus 5:16 (Priests' Code)
• Genesis 21:14 (Elohist Source)

b. Bestow upon, grant, or procure for

• Genesis 24:53 (Yahwist Source)
• 1 Kings 3:9 (an understanding heart)
• Deuteronomy 12:15 (blessing)
• Genesis 15:18 (of land to descendants)

c. Give woman to man as wife

• Genesis 29:28 (Elohist Source)
• Joshua 15:16–17

f. Who will give? (wish expression)

• (+ מִי יִתֵּן) Deuteronomy 28:67
• Job 14:4
• Exodus 16:3 (Priests' Code)

n. Pay wages or price

• Genesis 30:18 (Elohist Source)
• Jonah 1:3 (passage-money)
• Exodus 21:32 (fine)

x. Utter a sound or voice

• (+ קוֺל) Jeremiah 4:16
• Genesis 45:2 (Elohist Source)
• Amos 1:2 (of Jehovah in thunder)

2. Put, set

a. Literally (put or set on, in, or before)

• Genesis 41:42 (ring on hand)
• Jeremiah 29:26 (in stocks)
• Exodus 40:5 (before)

b. Figurative uses

• Isaiah 42:1 (spirit upon him)
• Deuteronomy 11:29 (blessing on mountain)
• Genesis 39:21 (Yahwist Source; favour in eyes)

3. Make, constitute

a. With double accusative

• Isaiah 3:4 (make boys princes)
• Genesis 17:5 (Priests' Code)

Niph`al — Perfect נִתַּן Isaiah 9:5; Imperfect יִנָּתֵן Exodus 5:18.

1. Be given

• Joshua 24:33 (bestowed upon)
• Genesis 38:14 (given as wife)
• 2 Kings 18:30 (given into power of)

Hoph`al — Imperfect יֻתַּן 1 Kings 2:21.

• Numbers 32:5 (Priests' Code)
• 2 Samuel 21:6 (delivered up)

Aramaic

I. נְתַן (compare Biblical Hebrew נָתַן) verb give.

1. Pe`al Imperfect
   • יִנְתִּן Daniel 2:16
   • suffix יִתְּנִנַּהּ Daniel 4:15
2. give, allow time
   • Daniel 2:16
3. give, pay
   • Ezra 4:13

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB).

³ Lidzbarski, Ephemeris für semitische Epigraphik (Lzb).

Verb Qal perfect second person masculine singular

LXX: ἔδωκεν δώσω δοῦναι δώσει ἔδωκαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5414:

ἔδωκεν 299× (14.0%)

δώσω 178× (8.2%)

δοῦναι 93× (4.4%)

δώσει 88× (4.2%)

ἔδωκαν 77× (3.6%)

ἔδωκα 70× (3.3%)

δέδωκα 57× (2.9%)

'' 51× (2.2%)

δώσεισ 51× (2.4%)

παρέδωκεν 46× (2.1%)

לו לּוֹ

to himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ו

Definition

him, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9033

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

וְ

prefix • Root היה • Page 195

A prefix, as in וַיִּקְתֹּל (he killed). Usually called Vav conversivum futuri. It is most probably a contraction of the old form הָוָה or הָוֵי i. q. הָיָה.

וְ

conj. and prefix • Page 194

Vav copulativum. Signifies a nail, peg, hook. Used as: 1. merely connective (and, also); 2. adversative (but, yet - Gen. 17:21); 3. illative (since, wherefore - Gen. 26:27, Ruth 1:21); 4. causal (for - Gen. 20:3, Is. 39:1); 5. to express result/consequence (that - Num. 23:19).

Preposition, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

וארשת וַאֲרֶשֶׁת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ארשת

ʼăresheth

Definition

a longing for

Root

from H781 (ארש) (in the sense of desiring to possess);

Exhaustive

from ארש (in the sense of desiring to possess); a longing for; request.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H782

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַרֶשֶׁת

noun feminine • Root ארש • Lemma_Lookup • Page 195

Wish, desire, longing.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲרֶשֶׁת

noun feminine • Root ארש • Page 74

request, desire. found only Ps. 21:3. Derived from אָרַשׂ i.q. Arab to desire.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H782

I. אֲרִשֶׁת noun feminine — desire, request.

Cognates:

• Assyrian êrištu (Dl¹)

— only construct שְׂפָתָיו אֲרִשֶׁת Psalm 21:3 (parallel to תַּאֲוַת לִבּוֹ) request granted by יְהוָה.

See אֹרֹת idem אוֹרָה.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (loco citato, in the place cited).

Conjunction, Noun common feminine singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0782:

No stats available

שפתיו שְׂ֝פָתָ֗יו

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שפה

sâphâh

Definition

the lip (as a natural boundary); by implication, language; by analogy, a margin (of a vessel, water, cloth, etc.)

Root

or (in dual and plural) שפת; probably from H5595 (ספה) or H8192 (שפה) through the idea of termination (compare H5490 (סוף));

Exhaustive

or (in dual and plural) שפת; probably from ספה or שפה through the idea of termination (compare סוף); the lip (as a natural boundary); by implication, language; by analogy, a margin (of a vessel, water, cloth, etc.); band, bank, binding, border, brim, brink, edge, language, lip, prating, (sea-)shore, side, speech, talk, (vain) words.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8193

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שֵׁפֶת

noun masculine • Root שפת • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1474

Masculine noun meaning hooks, in walls, for hanging up slaughtered animals.

Matched via consonantal key only

שְׁפַת

verb transitive • Root שפת • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1474

Transitive verb: to set, lay, put; to put to (the fire); to bring to the grave; figuratively, to set salvation, i.e., to ordain it permanently.

Matched via consonantal key only

שָׁפַת

unknown • Root שפת • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1474

The dual may be explained by their two-pronged fork-form (measure/implement, Ezek. 40, 43).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׂפָה

noun feminine • Page 642

1. a lip. 'אִישׁ שְׂפָתַיִם' a man of lips, a babbler, Job 11:2. 'דְּבַר שְׂפָתַיִם' idle talk, 2 K. 18:20. Tropically: speech, words; e.g. 'שִׂפְתֵי-שֶׁקֶר' lying lips, false words, Prov. 10:18.

שָׁפַת

verb • Root שפת • Page 696

to set, put, place. 2 K. 4: 38. Ezek. 24: 3. Ps. 22: 16 thou hast brought me into the dust of death.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8193

I. שָׂפָה (approximate number of occurrences: 176) noun feminine [masculine Exodus 28:32, edge, compare Albr¹] — lip, speech, edge.

— שָׂפָה absolute Genesis 11:1 +; construct שְׂפַת Genesis 11:7 +; suffix שְׂפָתוֺ 1 Kings 7:23 + etc.; oftener dual שְׂפָתַיִם Isaiah 6:5 +, construct שִׂפְתֵי Psalm 12:4 +; suffix שְׂפָתַי Jeremiah 17:16 +, suffix 3 masculine plural שְׂפָתֵימוֺ Psalm 59:13; Psalm 140:4; Psalm 140:10, etc.; plural (in poetry and late) construct שִׂפְתוֺת Ecclesiastes 10:12, suffix שִׂפְתוֺתֶיךָ etc. Psalm 45:3; Psalm 59:8; Isaiah 59:3; Songs 4:3, 11; Songs 5:13.

1. Lip

a. Human organ of speech

Usually (c. 108 t.) as the human organ of speech (often parallel with מֶּה, לָשׁוֺן; rarely, in late poetry, חֵךְ):

• (1) General uses: Isaiah 29:13; Leviticus 5:4 (Priests' Code), Job 13:6; Malachi 2:6; Psalm 12:5; Proverbs 5:3 +; דַּל שָׂפָה Psalm 141:3; אִישׁ שְׂפָתַיִם Job 11:2 (a talker); אֱוִיל שְׂפָתַיִם Proverbs 10:8, 10 (Masoretic Text); טְמֵא שְׂפָתַיִם Isaiah 6:5, 7; Daniel 10:16; עֲרַל שְׂפָתַיִם Exodus 6:12, 30 (Priests' Code; i.e., unskilled in speech).
• Utterance and expression: מוֺצָא שְׂפָתַיִם Deuteronomy 23:24; Jeremiah 17:16; Numbers 30:13 (Priests' Code); רוּחַ שְׂפָתַיִם Isaiah 11:4 (of Messianic king); דְּבַר שְׂפָתַיִם Psalm 59:13; Proverbs 14:23 (mere, empty word) 2 Kings 18:20 = Isaiah 36:5; נוב שְׂפָתַיִם Isaiah 57:19 (thanksgiving), compare Hosea 14:3 (Septuagint/Peshitta read מְּדִי).
• Qualities of speech: Flattery חֵלֶק שְׂפָתַיִם Proverbs 7:21; שִׂפְתֵי מִרְמָה Psalm 17:1; שִׂפְתֵי שֶׁקֶר Psalm 31:19; poison (figurative) Psalm 140:4; שְׂפַת אֱמֶת Proverbs 12:19; שָׂפָה בְרוּרָה Zephaniah 3:9; שִׂפְתֵי רְנָנוֺת Psalm 63:5.
• With verbs: מָּתַח שְׂפָתַיִם (to speak) Job 11:5; Job 30:20; מָּשַׁק שְׂפָתַיִם (to prate) Proverbs 13:3; נָשָׂא עַל־שְׂפָתַיִם Psalm 16:4; קָרַץ שְׂפָתַיִם (to backbite) Proverbs 16:30; כָּלָא שְׂפָתַיִם Psalm 40:10.
• (2) Lips moving in speech: 1 Samuel 1:13, Job 16:5.
• (3) Transition to meaning speech: עָלָה עַל־שְׂפַת לָשׁוֺן Ezekiel 36:3; ability to speak Job 12:20.

b. Organ of laughter

• Job 8:21

c. Of insulting grimace

• הִפְטִיר בְּשָׂפָה Psalm 22:8

d. Quivering in terror

• Habakkuk 3:16

e. Feature of beauty

• Songs 4:3 (scarlet)

f. Place of bridle

• 2 Kings 19:28 = Isaiah 37:29

g. Receiving kiss

• Proverbs 24:26 compare Songs 4:11 and figurative Songs 7:10

h. Of divine speech

• מִצְוַת שְׂפָתַי Job 23:12, דְּבַר שְׂפָתַי Psalm 17:4

2. Language

• Genesis 11:1, 6, 7 (twice), 9; Psalm 81:6; עַם עִמְקֵי שָׂפָה Ezekiel 3:5–6; Isaiah 33:19; לַעֲגֵי שָׂפָה Isaiah 28:11; שְׂפַת כְּנַעַן Isaiah 19:18 (i.e. Hebrew).

3. Edge

• shore of sea Genesis 22:17 (Jehovist Source) + 7 times
• bank of river Genesis 41:3, 17 (Elohist Source) + 5 times; of wady (נַחַל) Deuteronomy 2:36 + 7 times
• lip (bank) of אָבֵל מְחוֺלָה Judges 7:22
• brim of vessel 1 Kings 7:23 (twice) + 7 times
• edge of altar Ezekiel 43:13; of curtains (in pairs) Exodus 26:4 (twice) (Priests' Code) + 6 times; of חשֶׁן, toward ephod Exodus 28:26 = Exodus 39:19 (Priests' Code); of round opening in robe שְׂפַת לְפִיו Exodus 28:32 = Exodus 39:23 (Priests' Code).

¹ Karl Albrecht, "Das Geschlecht der Hebräischen Hauptwörter," Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) xvi (1896), 76.

² George Adam Smith, The Historical Geography of the Holy Land (GASm).

Noun common feminine dual construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: χείλη χειλέων χείλεσιν χείλουσ χεῖλοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8193:

χείλη 52× (26.3%)

χειλέων 32× (15.8%)

χείλεσιν 16× (8.0%)

χείλουσ 15× (7.2%)

χεῖλοσ 14× (6.7%)

'' 9× (4.4%)

αὐτῆσ 8× (2.9%)

--- 5× (2.9%)

pδιὰ 4× (2.3%)

χείλεσίν 4× (1.9%)

בל בַּל־

lest/without

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בל

bal

Definition

properly, a failure; by implication nothing; usually (adverb) not at all; also lest

Root

from H1086 (בלה);

Exhaustive

from בלה; properly, a failure; by implication nothing; usually (adverb) not at all; also lest; lest, neither, no, none (that...), not (any), nothing.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1077

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּל

noun proper • Root בעל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 245

I. Only in the proper name בַּלְאֲדָן, abridged from בַּעַל.

Matched via consonantal key only

בֵּל

noun masculine • Root בעל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 245

Bel, Belus, the supreme deity of the Babylonians.

Matched via consonantal key only

בֵּל

particle • Root בעל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 245

1. abbreviated from the particle בַּל. 2. abbreviated from [other forms].

Matched via consonantal key only

בֶּל

noun proper • Root בל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 245

The form of the name בֵּל, which is found in the local name בָּבֶל, i.e. tower of Bel.

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּל

particle • Root בל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 245

The original form of אֲבָל, where א is added. To this stem בַּל and בִּלְתִּי also belong.

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּל

particle • Root בלי • Consonantal / Medium • Page 245

II. A negative particle: not, in poetical diction. 1. for the simple word of negation לֹא. 2. for אַל.

Matched via consonantal key only

בָּל

noun masculine • Root בלא • Consonantal / Medium • Page 245

Thought, care; to take care of one.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בֵּל

chald. m. • Page 99

heart. Once Dan. 6:15.

בֵּל

noun proper • Root בעל • Page 99

contraction of בַּעַל (Baal), Bel, Belus, the god of the Babylonians. Is. 46:1. Jer. 50:2. 51:44.

בַּל

adverb • Root בלה • Page 99

properly a subst. i. q. בְּלִי (consumption); hence, only in poetical usage, not, non. Is. 26:10, 14. Prov. 10:30. 24:23.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1077

I. בַּל (approximate number of occurrences: 69) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Phoenician id.: e.g. בל יכן לכהן shall not be for the priest; בל עתי before my time¹

A poetic synonym of לֹא, of comparatively rare occurrence.

1. General Usage

• Hosea 7:2
• Hosea 9:16 (Qr)
• Isaiah 14:21
• Isaiah 35:9
• Isaiah 43:17
• Proverbs 9:13
• Proverbs 14:7
• Proverbs 19:23
• Proverbs 22:29
• Proverbs 23:7, 35 (twice in verse)
• Proverbs 24:23
• 1 Chronicles 16:30 (= Psalm 96:10)

2. Contextual Repetitions and Phrases

a. Often repeated in the same context

• Isaiah 26:10 (twice in verse), 11, 14 (twice in verse), 18 (twice in verse)
• Isaiah 33:20 (twice in verse), 21, 23 (twice in verse), 24
• Isaiah 44:8, 9 (3 times in verse)
• Psalm 10:4, 6, 11, 15, 18
• Psalm 16:2, 4 (twice in verse), 8
• Psalm 17:3 (twice in verse), 5
• Psalm 21:3, 8, 12

b. Used with verbs of wavering

Often used with אֶמּוֺט, יִמּוֺט, תִּמּוֺט:

• Psalm 10:6
• Psalm 16:8
• Psalm 21:8
• Psalm 30:7
• Psalm 46:6
• Psalm 93:1
• Psalm 96:10
• Psalm 104:5
• Proverbs 10:30
• Proverbs 12:3
• Job 41:15

3. Specific Interpretations

a. Sense of "hardly"

In Isaiah 40:24 it is probable that it acquires from the context the sense of hardly (compare לֹא 2 Kings 20:4).

b. Joined with an infinitive (anomalous)

• Psalm 32:9 (+ בַּל קְרוֺב אֵלֶיךָ) there is not coming nigh thee (i.e. else they will not approach thee).

¹ Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS).

Particle negative

LXX: ὅπωσ --- οὐκ ἔθνεσιν λαοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1077:

ὅπωσ 4× (20.5%)

--- 3× (15.4%)

οὐκ 3× (15.4%)

ἔθνεσιν 2× (8.7%)

λαοῖσ 2× (7.2%)

מנעת מָנַעְתָּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מנע

mânaʻ

Definition

to debar (negatively or positively) from benefit or injury

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to debar (negatively or positively) from benefit or injury; deny, keep (back), refrain, restrain, withhold.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4513

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מָנַע

verb • Strongs / High • Page 874

To withhold, keep back, prevent, debar, to obstruct, to keep, to save, to refrain, to keep off, to keep afar off, to refuse, to withdraw.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מָנַע

verb • Page 386

To hold back, stop, check (Ezek. 31:15); to restrain or preserve from anything (1 Sam. 25:26, 34); with an accusative, to withhold from anyone (Gen. 30:2, 2 Sam. 13:13). Niph: to be kept back, stopped. Reflex: to hold one's self back, to forbear (Num. 22:16).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4513

I. מָנַע verb — withhold, hold back.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Zinjirli מנע¹
• Arabic منع
• Sabean מנע²
• Aramaic מְנַע

— מָנַע *Perfect* מָנַע Genesis 30:2; suffix מְנָעַנִי 1 Samuel 25:34; מָנַעְתָּ Psalm 21:3; Nehemiah 9:20 etc.; *Imperfect* יִמְנַע Psalm 84:12; suffix יִמְנָעֵנִי 2 Samuel 13:13 etc.; *Imperative* מְנַע Proverbs 1:15; מִנְעִי Jeremiah 2:25, Jeremiah 31:16; *Participle* מֹנֵעַ Proverbs 11:26; Jeremiah 48:10.

1. Qal

a. withhold, hold back

• followed by מִן: Genesis 30:2 (object פְּרִי־בָטֶן), Amos 4:7 (rain), Nehemiah 9:20 (manna; all subject Yahweh)
• Job 22:7 (bread), 1 Kings 20:7 (object omitted; both human subject)
• Jeremiah 48:10 (sword), Ecclesiastes 2:10 (heart), Jeremiah 5:25 (good), Proverbs 3:27 (id.)
• Proverbs 1:15 (foot), Jeremiah 2:25 (id.), Jeremiah 31:16 (voice)
• 2 Samuel 13:13 (woman), Jeremiah 42:4 (knowledge), Job 31:16 (poor), Proverbs 23:13 (correction)
• Object omitted, Yahweh subject: Proverbs 30:7
• מִן omitted: Proverbs 11:26 (object corn)

b. Other constructions and figurative use

• Psalm 21:3 subject Yahweh (object אֲרֶשֶׁת שְׂפָתָיו parallel to נָתַן תַּאֲוַת לֵב)
• figurative: Job 20:13 (wickedness), Ezekiel 31:15 Yahweh subject (object rivers)
• Object person, followed by מִן: Numbers 24:11 (Yahweh subject)
• followed by מִן + infinitive: 1 Samuel 25:26, 34
• followed by לְ: Psalm 84:12 subject Yahweh (good)

2. Niphal

— נִמְנַע *Perfect* נִמְנַע Joel 1:13; *Imperfect* יִמָּנַע Job 38:15 etc.

a. be withholden

• followed by מִן: Joel 1:13 (subject מִנְחָה)
• Light from wicked: Job 38:15
• Numbers 22:16 (followed by מִן + infinitive)
• Subject showers (רְבִבִים): Jeremiah 3:3

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Sendschrift an das Comite des XIII. Internationalen Orientalisten-Congresses (DHM Sendsch. 60).

² M. A. Levy & Osiander, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG xix. 1865, 268).

Verb Qal perfect second person masculine singular

LXX: ἐστέρησέν ἐστέρησασ ἀπεκώλυσα ἀπόσχῃ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4513:

ἐστέρησέν 2× (6.9%)

ἐστέρησασ 2× (6.9%)

ἀπεκώλυσα 2× (6.9%)

ἀπόσχῃ 2× (6.9%)

סלה סֶּלָה׃

Build/Cast her up!

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

סלה

çelâh

Definition

suspension (of music), i.e. pause

Root

from H5541 (סלה);

Exhaustive

from סלה; suspension (of music), i.e. pause; Selah.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5542

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

סֶלָה

noun masculine • Root סלל • Strongs / High • Page 1022

Properly section, end, pause (of the song), denoting a pause or end, often referring to musical accompaniment.

סֶלָה

technical term • Root סל • Strongs / High • Page 1023

A technical term used at the end of a verse, derived from the concept of separating, dividing, or splitting off.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

סֶלָה

musical term • Root סלה • Page 476

(Milêl) a musical term, very frequent in the Psalms. It usually occurs at the end of a period or strophe. Derived from the Hebrew סָלָה (whence סֶלָה after the form בֶּכֶה), it would signify an elevation of the voice. Others regard it as a pause.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5542

I. סֶ֑לָה (approximate number of occurrences: 74) verb — lift up (voices), or exalt.

Notes and Etymology:

Imperative of סָלַל (compare Proverbs 4:8; Psalm 68:5; חִגָּיוֺן סלה Psalm 9:17, see הִגָּיוֹן), properly סֹ֑לָּה, סֶ֑לֶה; possibly Qr = נֶצַח. Hexapla σελ; ᵐ5 Symm Theod διάψαλμα, explanation Suidas μέλους ἐναλλαγή; Theodoret, Hippolytus μέλους μεταβολή (compare Hexapla Habakkuk 3:3 μεταβολὴ δια ψάλματος; Syriac, Hexapla Aq עוניתא in 5 Psalms); ᵐ5 adds διάψαλμα e.g. Psalm 2:2; Psalm 34:11; Psalm 94:15.

1. Traditions and Interpretations

Used with full knowledge that it indicated some kind of interruption or change in the regular rendering. סלה is used in שמונה עשרה (Shemoneh Esreh) after Benedictions 3, 18, and after other early Jewish prayers. Ancient versions provide various renderings:

• Aquila: αἐί (always); also Theodotion in Psalm 9:17.
• Sexta: διαπαντός (except Psalm 20:4 εἰς τέλος).
• Quinta: εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.
• Jerome: semper; Jerome classes sela with amen and salom.
• Targum: usually לעלמא or לעלמין; but Psalm 39:6 לחיי עלמא, Psalm 44:9 לעלמי עלמין, Psalm 48:9 עד עלמי עלמין, Psalm 49:14 לעלמא דאתי.

2. Usage and Occurrences

Total of 71 times in 39 Psalms, and 3 times in Habakkuk 3 (taken from the Director's Psalter למנצח).

a. At the end of a Psalm or section

• Habakkuk 3:9
• Psalm 24:10
• Psalm 46:12 (omitted by ᵐ5)
• Psalm 9:21 (ᵐ5 combines Psalms 9 and 10)

b. At the close of a strophe

• Habakkuk 3:3, 5
• Psalm 4:3, 5; Psalm 7:6; Psalm 9:17; Psalm 24:6; Psalm 32:4, 5, 7
• Psalm 39:6, 12; Psalm 46:4, 8; Psalm 47:5; Psalm 48:9; Psalm 49:14 (so read ᵑ0 for verse 13), 16
• Psalm 50:6; Psalm 52:5, 7; Psalm 54:5; Psalm 59:6, 14; Psalm 61:5; Psalm 62:5, 9
• Psalm 66:4, 7, 15; Psalm 67:5; Psalm 68:20; Psalm 76:4, 10; Psalm 77:4, 10, 16
• Psalm 81:8; Psalm 82:2; Psalm 83:9; Psalm 84:5, 9; Psalm 88:8, 11; Psalm 89:38, 46
• Psalm 140:4, 6, 9; Psalm 143:6

c. Where citations or liturgical extracts are made

• Psalm 44:9; Psalm 55:8; Psalm 57:7; Psalm 60:6; Psalm 67:2; Psalm 68:8, 33; Psalm 89:5; Habakkuk 3:3, 9
• Psalm 20:4; Psalm 21:3; Psalm 55:20; Psalm 75:4; Psalm 85:3; Psalm 87:3, 6; Psalm 89:49; Psalm 57:3 (ᵐ5 for ᵑ0 v 4); Habakkuk 3:13

3. Historical Distribution

Distribution in the Psalters: 23 used in the Elohistic Psalter, 28 in the Director's Psalter, and 39 in the final editing of the Psalter. The Davidic Psalter uses 20; the Korahite uses 9 (out of 12); and the Asaphite uses 7 + Psalm 80:8 [ᵐ5]. It appears to have come into use during the time of these editors, especially in the late Persian period, associated with musical accompaniment in public worship to indicate the place of benedictions. It was revived in the first century B.C. and continued for some time.

¹ Ewald, H., Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

² König, F. E., Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (Kö).

³ Jacob, B., Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) xvi (1896), 129 f.

⁴ Briggs, C. A., Journal of Biblical Literature (JBL) 1899; American Journal of Semitic Languages (AJSL) Oct. 1899, 1 ff.

Particle interjection

LXX: διάψαλμα

LXX Usage Statistics

H5542:

διάψαλμα 68× (97.1%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
For thou wilt anticipate him with praises of goodness: thou wilt set a crown of pure gold to his head.

LITV Translation:
For You will precede him with the blessings of goodness; You set a crown of pure gold on his head.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
O my God, I will cry to thee by day, but thou wilt not hear: And by night, and it shall not be accounted for folly to me.