Psalms 143:7

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

מהר מַ֘הֵר

from a mountain

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מהר

mahêr

Definition

properly, hurrying; hence (adverbially) in ahurry

Root

from H4116 (מהר);

Exhaustive

from מהר; properly, hurrying; hence (adverbially) in ahurry; hasteth, hastily, at once, quickly, soon, speedily, suddenly.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4118

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מָהֵר

adjective / adverb • Root מהר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 819

1. (adjective) hastening, quick, rash. 2. (adverb) quickly, hastily.

Matched via consonantal key only

מָהַר

verb • Root מהר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 819

A verb with multiple meanings. 1. (Kal, not used) to flow, run, flood; metaphorically to hasten, move, waver, be quick or alert. 2. (transitive) to pour out, give away, barter, exchange. 3. (Nifal) to be hurried, act precipitately, move vehemently, tremble. 4. (Piel) to hasten, accelerate, bring hastily; to be expert or skillful.

Matched via consonantal key only

מֹהַר

masculine noun • Root מהר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 819

a gift, a dowry, a marriage-price paid to the parents of a bride.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מָהֵר

verb • Root מהר • Page 359

hastening. Zeph. 1: 14.

Verb Piel imperative second person masculine singular

LXX: ταχὺ --- τάχοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4118b:

ταχὺ 7× (43.1%)

--- 4× (24.6%)

τάχοσ 3× (15.7%)

ענני׀ עֲנֵנִי׀

clouds/eyed myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ענה

ʻânâh

Definition

properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e. pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout, testify, announce

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e. pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout, testify, announce; give account, afflict (by mistake for ענה), (cause to, give) answer, bring low (by mistake for ענה), cry, hear, Leannoth, lift up, say, [idiom] scholar, (give a) shout, sing (together by course), speak, testify, utter, (bear) witness. See also בית ענות, בית ענת.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6030

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָנָה

verb • Root ענה • Strongs / High • Page 1110

To reply, answer, announce, reveal, declare, or make a judge's sentence; also, to procure, accomplish, hear, comply with, or sing (alternate song/choir); to begin to cry, shout, or speak; in judicial style, to testify, attest, bear witness.

עָנָה

verb qal / pih / hif • Root ענה • Strongs / High • Page 1111

I. To agree; (Pih.) to strike up, a singing match, to sing alternately; (Hif.) to grant. The fundamental significance is to turn, to wind, to turn back, applied to 1. Answering or replying. 2. Repeating, responding, or alternating. 3. Aiming at, intending. 4. Acting, carrying on, doing.

עָנָה

verb qal • Root ענה • Strongs / High • Page 1111

II. Intransitive: 1. To be low, sunk, of the ground. 2. Transferred to persons: to be bowed down, oppressed; to be suppressed, faint-hearted, dispirited, bowed, unfortunate, miserable; to be vexed, to be in toil. Figuratively: to be humble, piously-patient, meek, mild; to be miserable, suffering, unfortunate, helpless.

עָנָה

verb • Root ענה • Strongs / High • Page 1112

To press, enemies. (Hithp.) to be afflicted, to suffer, endure, to bow or submit oneself.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָנָה

verb • Root ענה • Page 517

2. to suffer, to be bowed down or oppressed (Ps. 116:10, 119:67). Includes conjugations: Niph. (to be afflicted, Ps. 119:107), Pi. (to oppress, humble, or ravish a woman, Gen. 16:6, 34:2), Pu. (to be oppressed, Ps. 119:71), Hiph. (to humble, 1 K. 8:35), Hithpa. (to humble one's self, Gen. 16:9).

עָנָה

a proper verb • Page 516

I. 1. To answer. Construed with an accus. of the person (Job 1: 7) or an accus. of the thing (Job 40: 2). 2. To hear, liter. to answer a prayer, used particularly of God. 1 Sam. 9: 17. Ps. 3: 5. 3. To begin to speak, particularly in later Hebrew. Job 3: 2. 4. To give testimony, to testify. Gen. 30: 33. Ex. 20: 16. 5. To pass a sentence, responsum dare; spoken of a judge. Ex. 23: 2. 6. To cry, shout, for the onset or for victory. Ex. 32: 18. Jer. 51: 14. 7. To sing. Ex. 15: 21. Niph. 1. To be answered. Job 11: 2. 2. To be heard. Job 19: 7. Pi. i. q. Kal no. 7. to sing. Ex. 32: 18. Is. 27: 2.

עָנָה

a proper verb • Page 516

II. 1. To bestow labour or toil on any thing, to busy one's self therewith, construed with בְ. Citations: Ecc. 1: 14. 3: 10.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6030

[עוּן] verb — dwell (probably; √ of following).

Cognates:

• Arabic عون, عان is support, help (see Fleischer¹)

— Qal Perfect 3 feminine singular consecutive וְעָנָה֫ (read וְעָ֫נָה ?) Isaiah 13:22 and jackals shall dwell, etc. (on agreement see GKC² § 145k; "" שׁכן Isaiah 13:21), so LXX Buhl; Cheyne וְשָֽׁכְנוּ; > Peshitta Targum Vulgate and others √ IV. ענה. — Psalm 87:7 see מַעְיָן.

I. עָנָה verb — answer, respond.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id., respond, make response
• Targum עֲנָא
• Syriac ענא
• Old Aramaic, Palmyrene ענה
• Arabic עני, ענו intend by saying

— Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular עָנָה Micah 6:5 +; suffix עָנַנִי 1 Samuel 28:15 +, עָנָךְ Isaiah 30:19; Jeremiah 23:37, עָנָהוּ 1 Samuel 9:17 +; 1 singular עָנִיתִי Hosea 14:9, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעֲנֶה Genesis 41:16 +, וַיַּעַן Amos 7:14 +, suffix יַעֲנֵנִי Job 20:3 +, etc.; Imperative עֲנֵה Micah 6:3, Proverbs 26:5 etc.; Infinitive עֲנוֺת Genesis 45:3 +; Participle עֹנֶה Judges 19:28 +, etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Of men

• with accusative of person Genesis 45:3 (Elohist Source), Judges 5:29
• 2 Kings 18:36 = Isaiah 36:21
• specifically be responsive, i.e. answer kindly, grant request 1 Kings 12:7
• = be amenable, docile (toward יהוה) Hosea 2:17 (of Israel in figure)
• seldom and late, with accusative of thing replied to, Job 32:12; Job 33:13, Job 40:2

b. Of God answering (graciously)

• usually with accusative of person; by oracle 1 Samuel 14:37; 1 Samuel 28:6, 15 +
• figurative Habakkuk 2:11
• by deed 1 Samuel 7:9; 1 Kings 18:37 (twice in verse), compare בָּאֵשׁ 1 Kings 18:24; 1 Chronicles 21:26
• especially Hosea 2:23–24; Hosea 14:9, see also Micah 3:4; Isaiah 41:17; Isaiah 49:8; Jeremiah 33:3; Job 12:4 +
• especially Psalms, e.g. Psalm 3:5; Psalm 4:2; Psalm 20:2 (33 times), etc.

c. Rarely with accusative, or clause, of answer

• (+ אֶת־שְׁלוֺם מַּרְעֹה) Genesis 41:16
• Job 15:2; Proverbs 18:23; Nehemiah 8:6 they responded, Amen!
• 2 Samuel 19:43 they made reply against Israel (with עַל against, only here)
• with accusative of person + answer 1 Samuel 20:28
• vouchsafe to: (+ נוֺרָאוֺת תַּעֲנֵנוּ) Psalm 65:6

d. Often + אָמַר

• Genesis 18:27, Exodus 4:1 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 19:8 (Elohist Source), Job 4:1; Job 6:1 etc.
• + אָמַר אֶל־ Genesis 27:39 (16 times); + לְ Genesis 27:37 (8 times)
• יהוה + accusative of person + אָמַר, 1 Samuel 9:8 + 23 times
• seldom + לֵאמֹר Numbers 32:31 (Priests' Code), Genesis 23:5, 10, 14 (Priests' Code), Genesis 41:16; Genesis 42:22 (Elohist Source), Joshua 1:16 (Deuteronomic Source)

e. Seldom + דִּבֶּר

• Joshua 22:21 (Priests' Code), 2 Kings 1:10, 11, 12; Genesis 34:13 (Priests' Code)

2. Respond to an occasion

a. Speak in view of circumstances

• 1 Samuel 9:17, Judges 18:14, Numbers 11:28 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), 2 Kings 1:11 + 19 times

b. Figurative

• (+ יַעֲנֶה אֶת־הַכֹּל) Ecclesiastes 10:19; money meets all demands.

3. Testify and Accusation

a. Respond as a witness, testify

• Participle עֹנֶה Malachi 2:12
• with בְּ (for) Genesis 30:33
• usually against: 1 Samuel 12:3; 2 Samuel 1:16; Isaiah 3:9; Isaiah 59:12; Micah 6:3; Jeremiah 14:7; Numbers 35:30 (Priests' Code), Ruth 1:21
• with בְּפָנָיו: Hosea 5:5; Hosea 7:10; Job 16:8
• with לְפָנָיו: Deuteronomy 31:21 (+ לְעֵד as witness)
• false witness (שֶׁקֶר): Deuteronomy 19:16, Deuteronomy 19:18, Exodus 20:16, Deuteronomy 5:17; Proverbs 25:18; absolute Exodus 23:2 (Elohist Source)

b. Make response as one accused

• Job 9:14, 15

4. Niph`al and Hiph`il

1. Niph`al make answer: subject יהוה, with ל person, Perfect 1 singular נַעֲנֵיתִי Ezekiel 14:4; Participle נַעֲנֶה.
2. Niph`al be answered:
   • Job 11:2 (subject words)
   • of man = receive answer Proverbs 21:3, 1 singular אֵעָנֶה Job 19:7
3. Hiph`il Participle מַעֲנֶה: Ecclesiastes 5:19.

IV. עָנָה verb — sing, chant.

Cognates:

• Arabic غنى sing, chant, غناء singing
• Syriac ענא sing responsively, עניתא hymn, refrain
• Assyrian enû resound (?)
• Egyptian anni loan-word (see Bondi³)

— Qal Perfect 3 masculine plural consecutive וְעָנוּ Jeremiah 51:14; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעַנֶה Jeremiah 25:30; 3 feminine singular וַתַּעַן Exodus 15:21; 3 feminine plural וַתַּעֲנֶינָה 1 Samuel 18:7, etc.; Imperative עֱנוּ Numbers 21:17; Psalm 147:7; Infinitive עֲנוֺת Exodus 32:18 (twice in verse); — sing, utter tunefully.

• Exodus 15:21 (Elohist Source)
• of uttering shout (הֵידָד): Jeremiah 25:30, Jeremiah 51:14
• Exodus 32:18 (Elohist Source)
• with ל: Numbers 21:17 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Psalm 147:7, Ezra 3:11
• + אָמַר 1 Samuel 18:7, 1 Samuel 21:12; 1 Samuel 29:5
• with accusative of thing: Psalm 119:172

Pi`el intensive

• Imperative עַנּוּ־לָֿהּ Isaiah 27:2
• Infinitive קוֺל עַנּוֺת Exodus 32:18 (Elohist Source), Psalm 88:1

Aramaic I. [עֲנָה] verb — answer (see Biblical Hebrew I. עָנָה).

Pe`al Perfect 3 feminine singular עֲנַת Daniel 5:10; 3 masculine plural עֲנוֺ Daniel 2:7 +; Participle active עָנֵה Daniel 2:5 +, plural עָנַיִן Daniel 3:24; — always + אָמַר Participle, answered and said.

1. answer, make reply, to something said
   • Daniel 2:5, 7, 8, 10, 27
   • Daniel 3:16, 24, 25
   • Daniel 4:16b; Daniel 5:17; Daniel 6:13, 14
2. respond to occasion, speak in view of a situation
   • Daniel 2:15, 20, 26
   • Daniel 3:9, 14, 19, 24, 26, 28
   • Daniel 4:16a, 27; Daniel 5:10

¹ H. L. Fleischer, Kleinere Schriften.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ Bondi, Dem Hebräisch-Phönizischen Sprachzweige angehörige Lehnwörter in der hieroglyphischen und hieratischen Schrift.

Verb Qal imperative second person masculine singular, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: ἀπεκρίθη ὑπολαβὼν ἀποκριθεὶσ ἀπεκρίθησαν ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H6030b:

ἀπεκρίθη 82× (21.0%)

ὑπολαβὼν 25× (7.2%)

ἀποκριθεὶσ 22× (6.0%)

ἀπεκρίθησαν 20× (5.2%)

'' 11× (2.7%)

ἐπάκουσόν 10× (2.8%)

---% 8× (1.9%)

--- 7× (2.0%)

εἰσάκουσόν 6× (1.7%)

ἐπακούσεται 6× (1.7%)

יהוה יְהוָה

He Is

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יהוה

Yᵉhôvâh

Definition

Jehovah, Jewish national name of God

Root

from H1961 (היה); (the) self-Existent or Eternal;

Exhaustive

from היה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יה, יהוה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3068

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

noun masculine • Root יהה • Strongs / High • Page 590

A pre-Mosaic old Semitic name of the supreme God, which was specially revealed for the older אֵל at the establishment of the Mosaic religion, as an abstract of all divine greatness and holiness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יְהֹוָה

proper name • Page 275

The proper name of the deity among the ancient Hebrews. Interpreted as 'the eternal, unchangeable, true' or 'he who is as he shall be.' The text discusses various ancient pronunciations (IAΩ, IABE, IETΩ) and its derivation from the future of הָיָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3068

I. יהוה (approximate number of occurrences: 6823) i.e. יַהְוֶה proper name, of deity — Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel.

Cognates and Origins:

• Babylonian יהו (claimed by Delitzsch^{Dl Pa 162 ff.}, disputed by Kuenen and Jastrow)
• Egyptian etymology (proposed by Spiegelberg^{ZMG liii 633 ff.}, considered improbable)
• Moabite Stone יהוה as the name of Israel's God (MI¹⁸)

— יהוה Masoretic Text יְהוָֺה (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהוִֺה (Qr אֱלֹהִים) in combinations אדני יהוה; with prepositions בַּיהוָֺה, לַיהוָֺה, מֵיהוָֺה. Pronunciation Jehovah was unknown until 1520 (Galatinus). The traditional Ἰαβέ (Theodoret) and contracted form יָהּ favour the pronunciation יַהְוֶה (compare יַהֲלֹמ֑וּן Psalm 74:6).

1. Etymology and Meaning

a. Hiphil theories (The Giver of Being)

• The one bringing into being, life-giver (Schrader)
• Giver of existence, creator (Kuenen, Tiele)
• He who causes to fall, i.e., rain or lightning (Robertson Smith)

b. Qal theories (The Existing One)

• The absolute and unchangeable one (Riehm)
• The existing, ever living (Dillmann)
• The one ever coming into manifestation as the God of redemption (Delitzsch)

2. Source Analysis and Usage

a. In the Hexateuch

• Elohist Source (E): Not used in Genesis; revealed at Horeb (Exodus 3:12–15) and explained as אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה "I shall be the one who will be with thee."
• Priests' Code (P): Abstains from use until the revelation to Moses (Exodus 6:3).
• Yahwist Source (J): Uses the name from the beginning of the narrative (Genesis 2:4).

b. In later literature

• Common in pre-exilic writers; falls into disuse post-exile, supplanted by אלהים and אדני.
• Job: Used in prose parts and once in the poem (Job 12:9).
• Ecclesiastes: Not used at all.

3. Syntactic Combinations

a. With אלהים and suffixes

• With אֱלֹהֶיךָ: Exodus 20:2–12 (Ten Words); Deuteronomy 5:6–16; in Deuteronomy (234 times).
• With אֱלֹהֵיכֶם: In Deuteronomy (46 times); Holiness Code (15 times); Joel 2:13.
• With אֱלֹהֵינוּ: Exodus 3:18; Psalm 20:8; Daniel 9:10, 13, 14.
• With אלהים (later editors): Genesis 2:4b; Jonah 4:6.

b. The phrase אֲנִי יהוה ("I am Yahweh")

• As a formula of revelation or authority: Exodus 6:2, 29 (Priests' Code).
• In the recognition formula ("that ye may know"): Exodus 7:5; Ezekiel 6:7 (and 48 times in Ezekiel).
• In the Holiness Code as an emphatic close: Leviticus 18:5, 6, 21; Leviticus 19:12, 14, 16.

c. In compound place names

• יהוה יראה (Yahweh-jireh): Genesis 22:14 (Yahwist Source).
• יהוה נסי (Yahweh-nissi): Exodus 17:15 (Elohist Source).
• יהוה שׁלים (Yahweh-shalom): Judges 6:24.
• יהוה שָׁ֑מָּה (Yahweh-shammah): Ezekiel 48:35.

¹ Philo, de Vita Mosis iii. 519, 529.

² Friedrich Böttcher, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Bö § 88).

³ Paul de Lagarde, Symmicta (Lag Sym i.14).

⁴ Samuel Rolles Driver, Studia Biblica (Dr Stud.Bib.i.1 ff.).

⁵ Eberhard Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT).

Noun proper name

LXX: κύριοσ κυρίου κυρίῳ κύριον κύριε

LXX Usage Statistics

H3068:

κύριοσ 2605× (41.8%)

κυρίου 1742× (27.8%)

κυρίῳ 598× (8.8%)

κύριον 473× (7.1%)

κύριε 336× (5.4%)

--- 129× (2.1%)

'' 95× (1.3%)

θεὸσ 76× (1.0%)

θεοῦ 69× (0.9%)

θεῷ 28× (0.4%)

כלתה כָּלְתָ֪ה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כלה

kâlâh

Definition

to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitived (to complete, prepare, consume)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitived (to complete, prepare, consume); accomplish, cease, consume (away), determine, destroy (utterly), be (when... were) done, (be an) end (of), expire, (cause to) fail, faint, finish, fulfil, [idiom] fully, [idiom] have, leave (off), long, bring to pass, wholly reap, make clean riddance, spend, quite take away, waste.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3615

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כָּלָה

verb • Root כלה • Strongs / High • Page 755

to long for

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כָּלָה

verb • Page 316

1. To be completed, finished (Ex. 39:32, 1 K. 6:38). 2. To be over, past (Gen. 41:53, Is. 24:13). 3. To be prepared or ready, particularly regarding evil (Prov. 22:8, 1 Sam. 20:7). 4. To be consumed, to be all gone (Gen. 21:15, 1 K. 17:16). 5. To waste away, vanish, or disappear; spoken of clouds, smoke, or time (Job 7:9, Ps. 37:20, Ps. 31:11).

כָּלָה

verb • Page 317

6. to be destroyed, to perish, spoken of men (Jer. 16: 4, Ezek. 5: 13). 7. to be fulfilled, spoken of a prophecy (Ezra 1: 1, Dan. 12: 7).

כָּלָה

fem. adj. • Root כלה • Page 317

verbal from כָּלָה; languishing, failing, spoken of the eye (Deut. 28: 32).

כָּלָה

f. verbal • Root כלה • Page 317

1. destruction; עָשָׂה כָלָה to cause or make utter destruction (Jer. 4: 27, 5: 10, Nah. 1: 8). 2. as an adv. entirely, wholly, altogether (Gen. 18: 21, Ex. 11: 1).

כִּלָּה

pi. • Root כלה • Page 317

1. to complete, finish (Gen. 2: 2, 6: 16, Ex. 34: 33). 2. to prepare; i. e. devises, mischief (Prov. 16: 30). 3. to consume, let pass away, as time (Ps. 78: 33). 4. to consume, destroy; as men, nations, through hunger (Gen. 41: 30, Jer. 14: 12). 5. to fulfil (a prophecy).

כֻּלָּה

pu. • Root כלה • Page 317

to be finished, ended (Gen. 2: 1, Ps. 72: 20). Often occurs as כֻּלָּא.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3615

I. כָּלָה (approximate number of occurrences: 206) verb — be complete, at an end, finished, accomplished, spent.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Phoenician כלה
• Assyrian kalû
• Late Aramaic כְּלָא

Qal

— כָּלָה absolute 1 Kings 6:38 +; 3 feminine singular כָּֽלְתָה 1 Samuel 20:7 +; 1 singular כָּלִיתִי Psalm 39:11; 3 plural כָּלוּ Job 19:27 +; 2 masculine plural כְּלִיתֶם Malachi 3:6; וּכְלִיתֶם consecutive Ezekiel 13:14; 1 plural כָּלִינוּ Psalm 90:7 +; 3 masculine singular יִכְלֶה Proverbs 22:8; jussive יִ֫כֶל Job 33:21 (compare GKC¹); infinitive construct כְּלוֹת Ruth 2:23 +.

1. Completion and Fulfillment
   • a. be complete, at an end, of a period of time Genesis 41:53 (Elohist Source; opposed to (+ חלל) begin Genesis 41:54), Jeremiah 8:20; so of action or event Isaiah 10:25, Isaiah 24:13, Ruth 2:23.
   • b. be completed, finished, of a work: temple 1 Kings 6:38, 1 Chronicles 28:20; tabernacle Exodus 39:32 (Priests' Code).
   • c. be accomplished, fulfilled, of purposed wrath or prediction Ezekiel 5:13, Daniel 11:36, Ezra 1:1.
   • d. be ideally complete, be determined, always in bad sense, plotted 1 Samuel 20:7, 20:9, 20:33 (textual correction), 1 Samuel 25:17, Esther 7:7.
2. Exhaustion and Destruction
   • a. be spent, used up, of water Genesis 21:15 (Elohist Source), meal 1 Kings 17:14.
   • b. waste away, be exhausted, fail, of grass Isaiah 15:6; of vintage Isaiah 32:10; of vanishing cloud Job 7:9; figurative of fleeting days Job 7:6, Psalm 102:4; of flesh and heart Psalm 73:26, נפשׁ exhausted by longing Psalm 84:3, Psalm 119:81.
   • c. come to an end, vanish, perish, by judgment Isaiah 1:28, Isaiah 16:4, Jeremiah 16:4, Ezekiel 5:12, Malachi 3:6.

Pi`el

— כִּלָּה Genesis 18:33 +; suffix כִּלָּנוּ 2 Samuel 21:5; 1 singular כִּלִּיתִי Numbers 25:11; 3 plural כִּלּוּ Genesis 24:19 +; וַיְכַל Genesis 2:2; infinitive construct כַּלּוֹת 1 Samuel 2:33 +.

1. To Finish or Complete
   • a. complete, bring to an end, finish a task Exodus 5:13 (Jehovist Source), 1 Kings 6:9, Genesis 2:2, Exodus 40:33 (Priests' Code).
   • b. complete a period of time Ezekiel 4:6, Job 21:13.
   • c. finish doing a thing, usually followed by (+ ל) infinitive Genesis 18:33, Genesis 24:15 (Jehovist Source), Amos 7:2, 1 Kings 1:41.
   • d. make an end, absolute Genesis 44:12; adverbially (+ עַד־כַּלֵּה) utterly 2 Kings 13:17, Ezra 9:14.
   • e. accomplish, fulfil, wrath Lamentations 4:11, Ezekiel 5:13.
2. To Consume or Destroy
   • a. cause to cease Numbers 17:25, Psalm 78:33.
   • b. exhaust, use up, spend Deuteronomy 32:23, Isaiah 49:4; of the eyes 1 Samuel 2:33, Leviticus 26:16 (Holiness Code).
   • c. destroy, exterminate 2 Samuel 21:5, Deuteronomy 7:22, Joshua 24:20 (Elohist Source), Exodus 32:10 (JE Source), Ezekiel 22:31.

Pu`al

— 3 plural כָּלּוּ Psalm 72:20 be finished, ended; 3 masculine singular וַיְכֻלּוּ Genesis 2:1 be completed (Priests' Code).

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB).

³ Jacob Barth, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (Ba ZMG).

Verb Qal perfect third person feminine singular

LXX: συνετέλεσεν ὡσ συντελέσαι ἐξέλιπον συντελέσω

LXX Usage Statistics

H3615:

συνετέλεσεν 28× (11.2%)

ὡσ 15× (6.4%)

συντελέσαι 11× (4.1%)

ἐξέλιπον 11× (4.9%)

συντελέσω 6× (2.5%)

ἐξαναλῶσαι 6× (2.4%)

συνετέλεσαν 5× (1.9%)

συνετελέσθη 5× (2.0%)

ἐξέλιπεν 5× (2.3%)

συντελείασ 5× (2.3%)

רוחי ר֫וּחִי

spirits/my spirit

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רוח

rûwach

Definition

wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by resemblance spirit, but only of a rational being (including its expression and functions)

Root

from H7306 (רוח);

Exhaustive

from רוח; wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by resemblance spirit, but only of a rational being (including its expression and functions); air, anger, blast, breath, [idiom] cool, courage, mind, [idiom] quarter, [idiom] side, spirit(-ual), tempest, [idiom] vain, (whirl-) wind(-y).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7307

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רוּחַ

verb • Root רוח • Strongs / High • Page 1325

To be extended, wide, broad, roomy; to be well, unrestrained, alleviated, easy, refreshed.

רוּחַ

verb • Root רוח • Strongs / High • Page 1326

(Kal unused) intr. To breathe, to blow (of wind); to smell, of plants and scents; hence sometimes to breathe, to draw breath, generally to live and move; also fig. to have or feel pleasure in it, to perceive, to smell.

רוּחַ

verb • Root רוח • Strongs / High • Page 1326

(II. not used) intr. to go, to wander; adopted for יָרַח, יָרַד and the proper name יָרִיחַ (wanderer).

רוּחַ

noun feminine / m. • Root רוח • Strongs / High • Page 1326

1. The blowing, air, wind (breeze or storm); quarter, region, district (Metaphor). 2. The breath (often associated with anger/wrath, or word/oracle) or quick vanishing breath/nothingness/vanity. 3. Breath of life, animal life, anima, spirit (including sensuous feelings, passions, or moving force/restlessness).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רוּחַ

hiph. • Page 610

To smell. See רֵיחַ

רוּחַ

com. gen. • Page 610

1. Wind, air in motion (Gen. 8:1; Job 1:19); also the four quarters of heaven (Ezek. 37:9). 2. A breathing or exhalation; a breath (Job 7:7), creative power (Ps. 33:6), or vital breath in men and animals (Gen. 6:17). 3. A snuffing (of the nose), hence anger (Judg. 8:3). 4. The anima or animal soul, the vital principle (1 Sam. 30:12; Judg. 15:19).

רוּחַ

noun feminine • Page 611

The spirit, considered as coming from God; metaphorically a principle of life (Ezek. 10:17). The rational soul (animus), mind, intellect (Gen. 41:8). Inclination or disposition (Num. 5:14, Hos. 4:12). The Spirit of God or Jehovah, denoting life-giving power in men and nature (Gen. 1:3, Ps. 104:30), and the source of extraordinary gifts and prophecy (Num. 24:2, 1 Sam. 10:6).

רוּחַ

chald. n. • Page 611

1. wind. 2. a spirit.

רוּחַ

verb • Page 611

To be or become wide. Impers. 'I find room, I am relieved' (Job 32:20). Pu. מְרֻוָּח: wide, spacious (Jer. 22:14).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7307

I. רוּחַ (approximate number of occurrences: 378) noun feminine (less often masculine) — breath, wind, spirit.

— רוּחַ absolute Genesis 8:1 +, ר֑וּחָה Jeremiah 52:23; construct רוּחַ Genesis 6:17 +; suffix רוּחִי Genesis 6:3 +, רוּחֲךָ Psalm 104:30 + etc.; plural רוּחוֺת Psalm 104:4 +, רֻחוֺת Jeremiah 49:36, רוּחֹת Numbers 16:22; Numbers 26:16 (see Briggs¹, full statement of all passages).

1. Breath of mouth or nostrils

a. Literally

• רוּחַ מִּיו Job 15:30, compare Job 19:17
• רוּחַ אַמֵּינוּ Lamentations 4:20 (figurative of king)
• Of idols: לֹא רוּחַ בָּם Jeremiah 10:14, Jeremiah 51:17, Habakkuk 2:19, Psalm 135:17
• Compare Job 9:18

b. As mere breath (compare 2.e.)

• דִּבְרֵי רוּחַ Job 16:3 (windy words)
• נוֺאָשׁ לְרוּחַ אִמְרֵי Job 6:26
• הַנְּבִיאִים יִהְיוּ לְרוּחַ Jeremiah 5:13

c. As word of command

• Of God: בְּרוּחַ מִּיו כָּל צְבָאָם Psalm 33:6, compare Isaiah 34:16 (+ מֶּה)
• Of Messianic king: בְּרוּחַ שְׂפָתָיו יָמִית רָשָׁע Isaiah 11:4

d. As hard breathing in anger

• Of God: Job 4:9; Exodus 15:8; 2 Samuel 22:16 = Psalm 18:16; Isaiah 30:28, Isaiah 59:19
• Of man: רוּחַ עָרִיצִים Isaiah 25:4

e. As sign and symbol of life

• רוּחַ חַיִּים Genesis 6:17, Genesis 7:15 (Priests' Code)
• נִשְׁמַת רוּחַ חַיִּים בְּאַמָּיו Genesis 7:22 (Priests' Code)
• Ezekiel 37:5, 37:6, 37:8, 37:9, 37:10, 37:14; Ecclesiastes 3:19

2. Wind

a. Wind of heaven

• Genesis 8:1 (Priests' Code); Exodus 15:10 (Elohist Source); Numbers 11:31 (Yahwist Source); 1 Kings 18:45
• רוּחַ יהוה Hosea 13:15; Isaiah 40:7, compare Job 26:13
• רוּחַ הַקָּדִים (east wind): Exodus 10:13, Exodus 14:21 (Yahwist Source); Psalm 48:8; Jeremiah 18:17; Ezekiel 17:10, 19:12, 27:26; Jonah 4:8
• רוּחַ צָפוֺן (north wind): Proverbs 25:23
• רוּחַ יָם (west wind): Exodus 10:19 (Yahwist Source)
• רוּחַ הַיּוֺם (evening wind): Genesis 3:8 (Yahwist Source), compare Song of Solomon 2:17, 4:6
• אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת (four winds): Jeremiah 49:36, Ezekiel 37:9, Daniel 8:8, 11:4, Zechariah 2:10, 6:5
• רוּחַ סְעְרָה (storm wind): Psalm 107:25, 148:8, Ezekiel 1:4, 13:11, 13:13
• Wind personified: כַּנְפֵי רוּחַ 2 Samuel 22:11 = Psalm 18:11; Psalm 104:3, 104:4, compare Hosea 4:19

b. Quarter (of wind), side

• רוּחַ הַקָּדִים (east side): Ezekiel 42:16
• רוּחַ הַצָּפוֺן (north side): Ezekiel 42:17
• רוּחַ הַדָּרוֺם (south side): Ezekiel 42:18
• רוּחַ הַיָּם (west side): Ezekiel 42:19
• אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת (four sides): Ezekiel 42:20, 1 Chronicles 9:24
• ר֑וּחָה (on the sides): Jeremiah 52:23

c. Breath of air

• שָׁאֲפוּ רוּחַ כַּתַּנִּים Jeremiah 14:6
• רוּחַ לֹא יָבֹא בֵּינֵיהֶם Job 41:8

d. Air or gas

• כְּמוֺ יָלַדְנוּ רוּחַ Isaiah 26:18
• רוּחֲכֶם אֵשׁ תֹּאכַלְכֶם Isaiah 33:11

e. Vain, empty thing

• רוּחַ Job 7:7
• דַּעַת רוּחַ Job 15:2
• רְעוּת רוּחַ (striving for wind): Ecclesiastes 1:14, 2:11, 4:4, 6:9 etc.

3. Spirit (Animation or Temper)

As that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 t.; so, distinctively, as compared with נֶפֶשׁ and לֵבָב):

a. Animation, vivacity, vigour

• 1 Kings 10:5, 2 Chronicles 9:4
• Genesis 45:27 (Elohist Source); Judges 15:19; 1 Samuel 30:12

b. Courage

• Joshua 5:1, 2:11; Psalm 76:13, 77:4, 142:4; Isaiah 19:3

c. Temper, especially anger

• Judges 9:23, 8:3; Proverbs 16:32, 25:28, 29:11; Zechariah 6:8

d. Impatience or patience

• קֹצֶר רוּחַ Exodus 6:9 (Priests' Code); אֶרֶךְ רוּחַ Ecclesiastes 7:8
• Compare Micah 2:7; Proverbs 14:29; Job 21:4

e. Spirit as troubled or bitter

• Genesis 41:8 (Elohist Source); Daniel 2:1, 2:3; Genesis 26:35 (Priests' Code)
• עֲצוּבַת רוּחַ Isaiah 54:6

f. As crushed

• Ezekiel 21:12; Isaiah 61:3; Proverbs 15:4, 15:13, 17:22; Psalm 143:7

g. Unaccountable impulse

• 1 Chronicles 5:26; Ezra 1:1, 1:5; Jeremiah 51:11; Haggai 1:14
• רוּחַ קִנְאָה (jealous disposition): Numbers 5:14, 5:30
• רוּחַ עִוְעִים Isaiah 19:14; רוּחַ מִשְׁמָּט Isaiah 28:6

h. Prophetic spirit

• Numbers 27:18 (Priests' Code); 2 Kings 2:9, 2:15
• רוּחַ תַּרְדֵמָה (spirit of deep sleep): Isaiah 29:10
• רוּחַ הַטֻמְאָה Zechariah 13:2

4. Spirit of the living being

Dwelling in the בָּשָׂר of men and animals, idem נֶפֶשׁ (25 t.):

a. Gift and creation of God

• Zechariah 12:1; Job 27:3; Isaiah 42:5

b. God preserves it

• Job 10:12, 12:10; Numbers 16:22, 27:16 (Priests' Code)

c. God's spirit

• Genesis 6:3 (Yahwist Source)

d. Departs at death

• Psalm 78:39, 104:29, 146:4
• Ecclesiastes 8:8, 12:7; Psalm 31:6

e. Disembodied being

• Job 4:15 (dubious)

5. Spirit as seat of emotion

a. Desire

• Isaiah 26:9 (idem נֶפֶשׁ)

b. Sorrow or trouble

• Job 7:11; 1 Samuel 1:15

6. Seat or organ of mental acts

Idem לֵב, or synonym with it:

• רוּחַ חָכְמָה Exodus 28:3, Deuteronomy 34:9 (Priests' Code)
• תּעֵי רוּחַ Isaiah 29:24; Ezekiel 11:5, 20:32; 1 Chronicles 28:12

7. Of the will

• רוּחַ נָכוֺן Psalm 51:12
• רוּחַ נְדִיבָה Psalm 51:14; Exodus 35:21 (Priests' Code)

8. Moral character

Idem לֵב:

• רוּחַ חֲדָשָׁה Ezekiel 11:19, 18:31, 36:26
• דַּכְּאֵי רוּחַ Psalm 34:19; שְׁפַל רוּחַ Proverbs 16:19

9. Spirit of God

(94 t.; not D or Jeremiah; conception of its activity in inspiring prophecy):

a. Inspiring ecstatic prophecy

• Numbers 11:17, 11:25, 11:29 (Yahwist Source)
• 1 Samuel 10:6, 19:20; 1 Kings 22:21
• As רוּחַ רָעָה (evil spirit from God): 1 Samuel 16:14, 16:15, 16:23, 18:10
• In Ezekiel: Ezekiel 2:2, 3:12, 8:3, 11:1, 37:1

b. Impelling prophets to utter instruction

• Numbers 24:2; 2 Samuel 23:2; Zechariah 7:12; Nehemiah 9:30; Joel 3:1

c. Imparting warlike energy or administrative power

• To Judges/Kings: Judges 3:10, 6:34, 11:29, 13:25; 1 Samuel 11:6, 16:13
• To Messianic king/servant: Isaiah 11:2, 42:1

d. Endowing with technical skill or understanding

• Exodus 31:3, 35:31 (Priests' Code); Job 32:8; Proverbs 1:23

e. Energy of life

• Genesis 1:2 (Priests' Code); Job 33:4; Ezekiel 1:12, 39:29

f. Divine Presence

• רוּחַ קָדְשׁוֺ (His holy spirit): Isaiah 63:10, 63:11; Psalm 51:13
• Omnipresence: Psalm 139:7

¹ C. A. Briggs, "The Use of רוח in the Old Testament", Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 19, No. 2 (1900), pp. 132–145.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: πνεῦμα πνεύματι πνεύματοσ πνεῦμά ἄνεμον

LXX Usage Statistics

H7307:

πνεῦμα 169× (43.2%)

πνεύματι 31× (7.3%)

πνεύματοσ 27× (7.1%)

πνεῦμά 21× (4.9%)

ἄνεμον 14× (3.7%)

ἄνεμοσ 9× (2.2%)

ἀνέμου 7× (1.9%)

'' 6× (1.4%)

ἀνέμουσ 6× (1.7%)

--- 5× (1.4%)

אל אַל־

toward

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼal

Definition

not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun, nothing

Root

a negative particle (akin to H3808 (לא));

Exhaustive

a negative particle (akin to לא); not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun, nothing; nay, neither, [phrase] never, no, nor, not, nothing (worth), rather than.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H408

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַל

pronoun demonstrative • Strongs_Numbers • Page 126

(I) Pronominal stem/demonstrative pronoun. A gentle reference to a thing and emphasizing of it, weaker than זֶה. Hence arises its modification into the article in Arabic, and in some Hebrew remains.

אַל

negative particle • Root לא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 126

(II) A negative word/particle expressing subjective negation, unwillingness, or prohibition (dissuasively 'do not', 'let not'). Distinct from the objective negative לֹא. Used in commands, wishes, and to denote dissuasion.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אַל

particle of negation • Root אלל • Page 49

1. lest, that... not (Gen. 43:23). 2. not, but more rarely (Am. 5:14). 3. nay, no (Ruth 1:13). 4. nothing (Job 24:25). 5. interrogatively for הֲלֹא (1 Sam. 27:10).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H408

II. אַל adverb of negation (so Phoenician for example Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum volume 1, numbers 3, 4, 5, 8, Biblical Aramaic, Sabean (D. H. Müller Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1875, 596), and in the Ethiopic አማር: አልቦ, is not), denying however, not objectively as a fact (like לֹא οὐ), but subjectively as a wish (like μή), expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אל (for example Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum volume 1, numbers 3, 4, 5, 8)
• Biblical Aramaic
• Sabean (D. H. Müller Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1875, 596)
• Ethiopic አማር: አልቦ, is not

1. Usage with a Verb

With a verb, which is then always an imperfect (never an imperative), by preference in the cohortative or jussive mood, where this is in use, and may be of any person or number.

• Genesis 15:1 and often אַל־תִּירָא fear not!
• Genesis 22:12 אַל־תִּשְׁלַח יָדְךָ put not forth thy hand
• Genesis 37:27 וְיַדֵּנוּ אַל־תְּהִי בוֹ and let not our hand be upon him
• Genesis 21:16 אַל־אֶרְאֶה בְּמוֹת הַנַּעַר let me not look upon the death of the lad!
• Psalm 25:2 אַל־אֵבוֹשָׁה let me not be ashamed
• With 1 plural (rare): 2 Samuel 13:25; Jeremiah 18:18; Jonah 1:14

2. In an Imprecation

• Genesis 49:4 אַל־תּוֹתַר have not thou the excellency!
• Psalm 109:12
• Job 3:4, 6

Sometimes strengthened by נָא: Genesis 13:8; Genesis 18:3 and elsewhere.

3. Without a Verb

(a) 2 Samuel 1:21 let (there be) not dew and not rain upon you! Isaiah 62:6; Psalm 83:1.

(b) Used absolutely, in deprecation: Genesis 19:18; 2 Samuel 13:16 (see below אוֹדָה); 2 Kings 3:13; 2 Kings 4:16; 2 Kings 6:27 (see Revised Version margin; but possibly to be explained by Driver¹ §152 iii; so Thenius² Keil³; hardly as Ewald⁴ §355 b); Ruth 1:13 אַל בְּנוֹתַי nay, my daughters, compare Judges 19:23.

(c) After a preceding imperative: Amos 5:14; Joel 2:13; Proverbs 8:10, a jussive Proverbs 27:2, an infinitive absolute Proverbs 27:2.

(d) In poetry אַל sometimes expresses vividly the emotion or sympathy of the poet (see Driver¹ §§56-8); Isaiah 2:9 וְאַל־תִּשָּׂא לָהֶם and forgive them not! (with a touch of passion), Psalm 41:3; Proverbs 3:25; Job 5:22; Psalm 34:6 (but manuscripts 5, 6 Ewald⁴ Cheyne⁵ here read וּפְנֵיכֶם, probably rightly); Psalm 50:3 a may our God come וְאַל יֶחֱשָׁרָשׁ and not be silent! (the psalmist identifying himself with a spectator of the scene Psalm 50:2, 3b-c) Psalm 121:3 (contrast Psalm 121:4 לֹא) Jeremiah 46:6 +.

4. Joined Closely to a Substantive

Once Proverbs 12:28 joined closely to a substantive (compare לֹא 2 b) to express with emphasis its negation: In the way of righteousness is life, and in the pathway thereof אַל־מָוֶת there is no-death! that is to say, immortality.

5. Used as a Substantive

Once Job 24:25 used in poetry as a substantive, And bring my words לְאַל to nought!

Note: 1 Samuel 27:10 אַל־מִשְׁטֹתֵם הַיּוֹם, אַל with the perfect is against all analogy; and either אֵלִי (with manuscripts 5, 9), or better אָן whither? (with manuscripts 6, 7; see 1 Samuel 10:14) must be read.

¹ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew and Some Other Syntactical Questions, 3rd ed., Oxford, 1892.

² O. Thenius, Die Bücher der Könige, Leipzig, 1849.

³ C. F. Keil, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament, trans. J. Martin, Edinburgh, 1865-1872.

⁴ H. Ewald, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache des alten Bundes, 8th ed., Göttingen, 1870.

⁵ T. K. Cheyne, The Book of Psalms, London, 1888.

Particle negative

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0408:

No stats available

תסתר תַּסְתֵּר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

סתר

çâthar

Definition

to hide (by covering), literally or figuratively

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to hide (by covering), literally or figuratively; be absent, keep close, conceal, hide (self), (keep) secret, [idiom] surely.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5641

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

סָתַר

verb • Root סתר • Strongs / High • Page 1040

To hide oneself, to keep oneself hidden, i.e., apart; to be imperceptible. As Hebr. סָתַר to hide, to cover, to keep secret.

סָתַר

verb • Root סתר • Strongs / High • Page 1040

II. (Aram. tr.) To cast asunder, to destroy, to reduce to ruins, disjicere, destruere; metaphor: to refute.

סָתַר

verb • Root סתר • Strongs / High • Page 1039

(Kal not used) tr. to cover, to veil, to close up, hide, conceal; to keep secret, to keep in ignorance; to protect or cover about (of a shield); also reflex. to cover, protect, secure oneself, to hide oneself.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

סָתַר

verb • Page 483

To hide or conceal one's self.

סָתַר

verb • Root סתר • Page 484

To hide, conceal. Appears in various stems: Kal (Prov. 22:3); Niph. to be concealed (Job 3:23, Ps. 38:10, Is. 40:27) or to hide one's self (1 Sam. 20:5, Ps. 55:13, Gen. 4:14); Pi. to hide, conceal (Is. 16:3); Pu. to be concealed, secret (Prov. 27:5); Hiph. (הִסְתִּיר) to cover, hide (Ex. 3:6, Is. 53:3, Ps. 10:11) or to keep secret (1 Sam. 20:2); Hithpa. (הִסְתַּתֵּר) to hide one's self (1 Sam. 23:19, 26:1, Is. 29:14).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5641

I. סָתַר (approximate number of occurrences: 82) verb — hide, conceal.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew סָתַר (idem)
• Aramaic סְתַר
• Syriac סתַר
• Arabic ستر¹
• Ethiopic ሰተረ²

— Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נִסְתָּ֑ר Proverbs 27:12 + Proverbs 22:3 Qr (Kt וַיִּסָּתֵר); 2 masculine singular נִסְתַּ֫רְתָּ 1 Samuel 20:19; 1 plural נִסְתָּ֑רְנוּ Isaiah 28:15; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִסָּתֵר Hosea 13:14; 1 singular אֶסָּתֵר Genesis 4:14; 3 masculine plural יִסָּֽתְרוּ Amos 9:3; 1 plural נִסָּתֵר Genesis 31:49; Imperative masculine singular הִסָּתֵר Jeremiah 36:19; Infinitive construct לְהִסָּ֫תֶר שָׁם Job 34:22; Participle נִסְתָּר Psalm 19:7; plural נִסְתָּרִים Deuteronomy 7:20; feminine plural נִסְתָּרֹת Deuteronomy 29:28, נִסְתָּרוֹת Psalm 19:13.

1. Hide oneself

With בְּ local:

• 1 Samuel 20:5, 24
• 1 Kings 17:3
• Jeremiah 23:24
• figurative Isaiah 28:15

With שָׁם:

• 1 Samuel 20:19
• Job 34:22

Absolute and with persons:

• Jeremiah 36:19
• Proverbs 22:3; 27:12; 28:28
• Psalm 89:47
• (+ מִמְּנֵי) Deuteronomy 7:20; Job 13:20
• (+ מִן) Psalm 55:13

2. Be hid, concealed

Especially figurative of escaping God's notice:

• Genesis 4:14 (Jehovist Source)
• Jeremiah 16:17
• Amos 9:3 (+ מִנֶּגֶד עֵינַי)
• Isaiah 65:16 (+ מֵעֵינַי)
• Hosea 13:14 (subject נֹחַם, i.e. I will not repent)
• Psalm 38:10; Isaiah 40:27
• Psalm 19:7 (from heat of sun)
• Job 28:21 (of place of wisdom)
• Genesis 31:49 (Jehovist Source) we are hidden each from the other
• Numbers 5:13; Job 3:23; Zephaniah 2:3
• Participle hidden, secret things: Deuteronomy 29:28; Psalm 19:13 (of sins)

— Pi`el Imperative feminine singular סַתְּרִי Isaiah 16:3 carefully hide (i.e. shelter) the outcasts.

— Pu`al Participle feminine singular אַהֲבָה מְסֻתָּ֑רֶת Proverbs 27:5 love carefully concealed.

— Hithpa`el Imperfect 3 feminine singular תִּסְתַּתָּ֑ר Isaiah 29:14; Participle מִסְתַּתֵּר 1 Samuel 23:19 (3 times); — hide oneself carefully, of David's taking refuge with (עִם) Ziphites 1 Samuel 23:19 = Psalm 54:1; in (בְּ) a hill 1 Samuel 26:1; Isaiah 45:15 a God that completely hides himself.

— Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הִסְתִּיר Psalm 10:11; Psalm 22:24; 2 masculine singular הִסְתַּ֫רְתָּ Psalm 30:7; Isaiah 64:6; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַסְתִּיר 1 Samuel 20:2, וַיַּסְתֵּר Exodus 3:6; Job 3:10, suffix יַסְתִּרֵ֫נִי Psalm 27:5, וַיַּסְתִּרֵם Jeremiah 36:26; Imperative masculine singular הַסְתֵּר Psalm 51:9; Infinitive absolute הַסְתֵּר Deuteronomy 31:18; Infinitive construct הַסְתֵּר Proverbs 25:2⁴; Participle מַסְתִּיר Isaiah 8:17; — conceal, hide:

1. A person or thing

• From (מִמְּנֵי) enemy: 2 Kings 11:2; 2 Chronicles 22:11
• Subject God, with מִן: Psalm 64:2; Jeremiah 36:26
• General concealment: 1 Samuel 20:2; Proverbs 25:2; Isaiah 29:15
• Shelter/metaphor: Job 14:13; Psalm 17:8; Psalm 27:5; Psalm 31:20
• Other uses: Job 3:10 (toil); Psalm 119:19 (commands); Isaiah 49:2 (arrow in quiver)

2. Hide the face

a. Literally

• Exodus 3:6 (Elohist Source)

b. Of God not observing sin

• Psalm 51:11; Psalm 10:11

c. Of God withdrawing favour

• Micah 3:4; Isaiah 8:17; Isaiah 54:8; Isaiah 64:6
• Deuteronomy 31:17; Deuteronomy 32:20
• Jeremiah 33:5; Ezekiel 39:23–29
• Psalm 13:1; 22:24; 27:9; 69:17; 88:14; 102:2; 143:7
• Absolute: Deuteronomy 31:18; Job 13:24; Job 34:29; Psalm 30:7
• Avoiding shame: Isaiah 50:6

Aramaic

I. [סְתַר] verb Pa`el hide (Biblical Hebrew סָתַר).

• Passive participle feminine plural emphatic מְסַתְּרָתָא Daniel 2:22 the hidden things.

¹ Edward William Lane, Arabic-English Lexicon (1863).

² August Dillmann, Lexicon linguae aethiopicae (1865).

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

⁴ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

Verb Hiphil imperfect second person masculine singular

LXX: ἀπέστρεψα ἀποστρέψῃσ ἀπέστρεψεν ἀποστρέψω ἐκρύβη

LXX Usage Statistics

H5641:

ἀπέστρεψα 6× (6.9%)

ἀποστρέψῃσ 4× (5.0%)

ἀπέστρεψεν 4× (5.0%)

ἀποστρέψω 4× (4.8%)

ἐκρύβη 3× (3.8%)

κέκρυπται 3× (3.8%)

κρυβήσομαι 3× (3.6%)

---% 3× (3.0%)

ἀποστρέψεισ 2× (2.5%)

ἀπέστρεψασ 2× (2.5%)

פניך פָּנֶיךָ

the faces of yourself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פנים

pânîym

Definition

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)

Root

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from H6437 (פנה));

Exhaustive

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from פנה); the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.); [phrase] accept, a-(be-) fore(-time), against, anger, [idiom] as (long as), at, [phrase] battle, [phrase] because (of), [phrase] beseech, countenance, edge, [phrase] employ, endure, [phrase] enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, [idiom] him(-self), [phrase] honourable, [phrase] impudent, [phrase] in, it, look(-eth) (-s), [idiom] me, [phrase] meet, [idiom] more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), [idiom] on, open, [phrase] out of, over against, the partial, person, [phrase] please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, [phrase] regard, right forth, [phrase] serve, [idiom] shewbread, sight, state, straight, [phrase] street, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them(-selves), through ([phrase] -out), till, time(-s) past, (un-) to(-ward), [phrase] upon, upside ([phrase] down), with(-in, [phrase] -stand), [idiom] ye, [idiom] you.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6440

ך

Definition

your, personal posessive - noun suffix: 2nd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 2nd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9021

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פָּנִים

m. pl. • Root פנה • Strongs / High • Page 1177

Properly the visible, external side. 1. The upper surface, superficies (of earth, water, covering); outside, aspect. 2. The face (the visible part, often as a collective idea).

פָּנִים

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1178

Face, countenances, presence, visibility. Used idiomatically for proximity (without delay), the front (of a thing), direction, look, mien (serenity, sadness); also used reflexively for the personal pronoun ('I myself').

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פָּנִים

noun masculine plural • Page 546

1. A face, countenance (Ezek. 1:6, Gen. 32:31). 2. Appearance, looks (1 Sam. 1:18, Job 9:27). 3. Surface, facies, superficies (Gen. 2:6, Is. 14:21, Job 38:30). 4. The front or forepart, as in an army (Joel 2:20, Ezek. 2:10, Deut. 2:10). 5. Equivalent to פֶּה a mouth or edge (Ecc. 10:10). 6. A person, personal presence (Ex. 33:14, 2 Sam. 17:11, Lam. 4:16). 7. Combined with prepositions, especially לִפְנֵי (before, in space or time, east of, or against).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6440

I. מָּנֶה (approximate number of occurrences: 2123) noun masculine¹ and feminine — face, also faces (as turned toward one).

— plural absolute מָּנִים Genesis 32:31 +; construct מְּנֵי 2 Samuel 14:32 +; suffix 1 singular מָּנַי Genesis 43:3 +; 3 masculine singular מָּנָיו Genesis 4:5 +, מָּנֵי֑מוֺ Psalm 11:7 (König²); 2 masculine plural מְּנֵיכֶם Genesis 40:7 +, etc.; — usually with verb plural, Genesis 4:5, 6; Exodus 33:14 +; with verb singular Lamentations 4:16 (through influence of intervening י׳, GKC³ § 146a).

1. Face, faces

a. Literally, of man

• Genesis 43:31; 2 Samuel 19:5; 1 Kings 19:13; Leviticus 13:14; Daniel 8:18; Daniel 10:9, 15 +
• Pale (from alarm) Isaiah 29:22; flushed Isaiah 13:8; tearful Isaiah 25:8
• Sad רעים פ׳ Genesis 40:7; רֹעַ פ׳ Ecclesiastes 7:8
• Fallen (in displeasure) נָָֽפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ Genesis 4:5, 6

b. Of God

• Exodus 33:20, compare Exodus 33:23

c. Face to face (seeing God)

• מָּנִים אֶל־מָּֿנִים Genesis 32:31; Judges 6:22
• בְּפ׳ פ׳ Deuteronomy 5:4; נִתְרֶאֶה פָנִים (meet in battle) 2 Kings 14:8, 11

d. Relations with God

• הֵרִים פ׳ (in worship) Ezra 9:6
• Spiritual sense Jeremiah 2:27; מָּנָה אֵלַי עֹרֶף וְלֹא פָנִים Jeremiah 32:33
• קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ezekiel 2:4

2. Presence, person

a. Of God

• Exodus 33:14, 15; בְּפָנָיו Deuteronomy 4:37; מַלְאַךְ מָּנָיו Isaiah 63:9
• לֶחֶם הַמָּנִים (showbread)

b. Appear before, in one’s presence

• King: Exodus 10:28–29 (Jehovist Source); 2 Samuel 14:24, 28, 32
• God: Job 33:26; Psalm 11:7; Psalm 17:15

3. Celestial and animal faces

• Seraphim Isaiah 6:2; Cherubim Exodus 25:20; Ezekiel 1:8, 11
• Animals: מְּנֵי הַצּאֹן Genesis 30:40; Ezekiel 1:10; מִּתְחֵי פ׳ (of crocodile) Job 41:6

4. Surface or Front

• Of ground (הָאֲדָמָה) Genesis 2:6; Genesis 4:14; Psalm 104:30
• Of earth (הָאָרֶץ) Genesis 1:29; Genesis 7:3; Genesis 11:4
• Of water Genesis 1:2; Genesis 7:18
• Of house / gate Ezekiel 41:14; Ezekiel 47:1; Ezekiel 40:6
• Battle-front מְּנֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה 2 Samuel 10:9
• Edge (front) of sword Ezekiel 21:21; of axe Ecclesiastes 10:10

5. Adverbial uses

• Location: מִמָּנִים וּמֵאָחוֺר (before and behind) 2 Samuel 10:9
• Temporal: לְפָנִים (formerly) Deuteronomy 2:12; Joshua 11:10; Judges 1:10
• From beforetime מִלְּפָנִים Isaiah 41:26

6. With Prepositions

1. אֶל־מְּנֵי
   • To the presence of Exodus 23:17; 2 Chronicles 19:2
   • To the front of Leviticus 6:7; Numbers 17:8
   • On to the surface of Leviticus 14:53; Ezekiel 16:5
2. אֶת־מְּנֵי
   • Presence of 1 Samuel 2:11; 1 Kings 12:6
   • Specifically of God Genesis 19:13; Exodus 34:23–24
   • In front of Genesis 33:18; Leviticus 4:6
3. בִּפְנֵי
   • In the face of (hostile) Numbers 12:14; Deuteronomy 7:24; Joshua 10:8
   • Against (evidence) Hosea 5:5; Job 16:8
4. לִפְנֵי (The most general word for before)
   • Under the eye of Deuteronomy 25:2; 1 Samuel 3:1
   • In view of Genesis 6:13; Lamentations 1:22
   • At disposal of Genesis 13:9; Genesis 47:6
   • In estimation of Genesis 7:1; Proverbs 14:12
   • Of time Amos 1:1; Genesis 29:26
5. מִלִּפְנֵי
   • From the presence of Genesis 41:46; Genesis 4:6
   • Source or cause (chiefly late) 1 Samuel 18:12; Ecclesiastes 3:14
6. מִמְּנֵי
   • Because of, for fear of Judges 9:21; 1 Samuel 23:26; Genesis 3:8
   • At the presence of Exodus 9:30; Psalm 68:3
7. עַל־מְּנֵי
   • In front of Psalm 18:43; Genesis 32:22
   • To one's face (defiantly) Job 1:11; Job 6:28
   • Localities (East of) 1 Kings 11:7; Genesis 16:12
   • Surface Genesis 1:2; Exodus 16:14
8. מֵעַל־מְּנֵי
   • From before the face of Genesis 23:3; 1 Kings 9:7
   • From off the surface of Genesis 4:14; Amos 9:8

¹ Proverbs 25:23.

² Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

⁴ Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae hebraeae et chaldaeae Veteris Testamenti (1829-1858).

Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal second person masculine singular

LXX: προσώπου πρόσωπον ἐναντίον ἐνώπιον ἔναντι

LXX Usage Statistics

H6440:

προσώπου 450× (19.3%)

πρόσωπον 321× (14.0%)

ἐναντίον 190× (9.5%)

ἐνώπιον 176× (8.9%)

ἔναντι 157× (7.9%)

πρόσωπόν 105× (4.6%)

ἔμπροσθεν 82× (4.0%)

ἐνώπιόν 48× (2.4%)

--- 45× (2.3%)

'' 43× (1.8%)

ממני מִמֶּנִּי

from out of myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מן

min

Definition

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

Root

or מני; or מני; (constructive plural) (Isaiah 30:11); for H4482 (מן);

Exhaustive

or מני; or מני; (constructive plural) (Isaiah 30:11); for מן; properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses; above, after, among, at, because of, by (reason of), from (among), in, [idiom] neither, [idiom] nor, (out) of, over, since, [idiom] then, through, [idiom] whether, with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4480

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִן

m. / preposition • Root מנן • Strongs / High • Page 865

A part, portion. Also used as a preposition: from, of, out of.

מִן

preposition • Strongs / High • Page 866

A preposition with the primary meaning 'from'. It denotes separation, removal from an object, motion from a thing in space and time, origin, or a part taken from a whole. Its meanings include 'from', 'out of', 'away from', and it is used to indicate source material, descent, and in comparisons ('than').

מִן

preposition • Strongs / High • Page 867

A preposition primarily meaning 'from' or 'out of'. Its various uses include indicating: source or origin (from, by); cause or means (through, by); separation, removal, or avoidance (away from, without); and forming the comparative degree with adjectives and verbs, equivalent to 'than' (e.g., better than, wiser than). It can also denote preference (more than, instead of).

מִן

preposition • Root מן • Strongs / High • Page 868

A preposition primarily signifying separation, 'from' or 'out of'. Its uses include: denoting removal from a place, origin, or cause; in comparisons, meaning 'than'; in a partitive sense, meaning 'some of', 'one of', or 'a part of'; and in a temporal sense, meaning 'from' or 'since' a particular time. It also appears in negative formulas like 'of nothing' or 'not any one'.

מִן

preposition • Strongs / High • Page 869

A primary preposition with a wide range of meanings including: from, out of, away from (separation); since, after (temporal); because of, on account of (causal); used in a negative sense 'that not', especially with verbs of hindering or preventing.

מִן

preposition • Strongs / High • Page 870

A preposition primarily meaning 'from,' denoting source, separation, or position. It can express concepts such as 'from the opposite side,' 'from below,' 'from above,' 'out of,' 'away from,' and 'from under.'

מִן

aram. prep. (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 870

Aramaic preposition, same as the Hebrew מִן. 1. from, denoting the source whence a thing comes or the cause by which. 2. expressing intensity or increase, meaning 'above' or 'more than'. 3. used in a partitive sense.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִן

unknown • Root מן • Page 350

Out of, from. See the full form מִן.

מִן

m. plur. מִנִּים • Page 383

a string. Ps. 150:4. Perhaps also Ps. 45:9 מִנִּי as an uncommon plural form.

מִן

prefix • Root מנן , • Page 383

1. from (denoting a part). Hence: from the womb (Judg. 16:17); on this side of (1 Sam. 20:21). Often partitive: 'some of' (Lev. 5:9). 2. of, out of (Ps. 45:14). 3. at, in, on, by, in specifications of time and place. 4. on account of, concerning, de (Lev. 6:11 [6:18]).

מִן

preposition • Page 384

A preposition with multiple uses on this page including: 5. towards, to (Gen. 13:11, Judg. 7:1); 6. against (Dan. 11:3, Deut. 33:7); 7. before, in presence of (Nah. 1:5, Num. 32:22); 8. more than (comparative) (Judg. 2:19, Jer. 5:3); 9. by, through (expressing cause) (Job 7:14, Cant. 3:10, Ecc. 12:11); 10. without (Job 11:15, 21:9); 11. before an infinitive expressing 'because', 'since', or 'so that... not' (Deut. 7:8, 2 Chr. 31:10, Gen. 27:1, Ex. 14:5); 12. before a future as a conjunction 'that not', 'lest' (Deut. 33:11); 13. [cut off] from being (Jer. 2:25, 48:2).

מַן

chald. pron. • Page 383

1. who? what? Ezra 5:3, 9. Dan. 3:15. 2. מַן־דִּי whosoever, quicunque. Dan. 3:6, 11. 4:14. [4:17.]

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4480

I. מִן (also מִּ, מִי, מֵ) preposition — out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not.

Cognates:

• Phoenician מ
• Aramaic מִן
• Arabic مِنْ
• Ethiopic እም
• Sabean בן

— מִן before יְ (except Daniel 12:2; 2 Chronicles 20:11) contracted to מִי (as מִידֵי from מִיְּדֵי); before guttural and ר, mostly מֵ, occasionally מִ (Ges^{§ 102, l R.}; more fully Kö^{ii. 291ff}); in poetry also מִנִּי, with the old י of the Genitive (Ges^{§ 90.3a}) Judges 5:14, Isaiah 46:3, Psalm 44:11 +; and מִנֵּי (on analogue of עֲדֵי, עֲלֵי) Isaiah 30:11; suffix 1 singular מִמֶּנִּי, in poetry מִנִּי Isaiah 22:4, מֶ֫נִּי Psalm 18:23; 2 masculine singular מִמְּךָ, מִמֶּ֑ךָּ; 2 feminine singular מִמֵּךְ; 3 masculine singular מִמֶּ֫נּוּ (מֶ֫נְהוּ Job 4:12); 3 feminine singular מִמֶּ֫נָּה; 1 plural מִמֶּ֫נּוּ; 2 masculine plural מִכֶּם; 3 masculine plural מֵהֶם (מִנְּהֶם Job 11:20), מֵהֵ֫מָּה Jeremiah 10:2; 3 feminine plural מֵהֵ֫נָּה, מֵהֶן Ezekiel 16:47.

1. With verbs expressing separation or removal

Whether from a person, place, or direction, also from guilt, calamity, etc.:

a. Local separation and motion

• Exodus 19:14 (descend from a mountain)
• Deuteronomy 22:8 (fall from a roof)
• Isaiah 14:12 (from heaven)
• Joshua 10:7 (go up from a valley)
• With ברח (+ מפני) or חֲדַל מִמֶּנּוּ Exodus 14:2 (desist from us)
• figurative Psalm 18:22 (+ מאלהי) not did wickedly (turning) from my God
• Judges 7:17 ye shall see from me, i.e. learn by observing me

b. Away from, far from

• Proverbs 20:3 שֶׁכֶת מֵרִיב to sit away from strife
• Numbers 15:24 away from the eyes of the congregation
• Job 19:26 מִבְּשָׂרִי (probably) without my flesh shall I see God
• Jeremiah 48:45 without strength

c. Position: off, on the side of, on

• Genesis 2:8 מִקֶּדֶם off, on the east
• Joshua 11:3 מִצָּפוֺן on the north
• Psalm 91:7 מִימִינֶ֑ךָ on thy right
• Genesis 11:2 מִקֶּדֶם not from, but — on, the side of the east, virtually = eastwards

2. Out of (Greek ἐκ, Latin ex)

a. Of proceeding, expelling, or looking out of

• Genesis 3:23 (שִׁלַּח)
• Exodus 2:10 (draw out of water)
• Songs 2:9 look out מִן הַחַלֹּנוֺת from the windows
• Exodus 19:5 סְגֻלָּה מִכָּל הָעַמִּים a treasure (chosen) out of all peoples

b. Of the material out of which anything is formed

• Genesis 2:19 form מִן הָאֲדָמָה out of the soil
• Hosea 13:2 make images מִכַּסְמָּם
• Isaiah 40:17 מֵאַיִן as made of nought

c. Of source or origin

• Job 1:21 מִבֶּטֶן coming forth from the womb
• Judges 12:8 אבצן מבית לחם Ibzan from Bethlehem
• Numbers 16:28 לֹא מִלִּבִּי not from my own heart (self-devised)

d. Of the source or author of an action

• 1 Samuel 24:14 from the wicked proceedeth wickedness
• Genesis 24:50 the thing proceedeth from יהוה

e. Immediate or efficient cause

• Genesis 19:36 הָֽרְתָה מִן pregnant by
• Isaiah 6:4 shook מִקּוֺל הַקּוֺרֵא at the voice of him that cried
• Job 4:9 at the breath of God
• Psalm 27:1 (מָּחַד) fear of

f. feminine of the remoter cause, the ultimate ground

• Exodus 2:23 sighed מִן הָעֲבֹדָה on account of the bondage
• Isaiah 53:5 wounded מִמְּשָׁעֵינוּ on account of our transgressions
• Genesis 16:10 מֵרֹב for abundance

3. Partitively

a. One or some out of many

• Genesis 6:19 שְׁנַיִם מִכֹּל two out of all
• 1 Samuel 14:39 אֵין מִן there is not any

b. Indefinite: some of

• Exodus 16:27 there went out (some) of the people
• Genesis 4:3 brought of the fruit of the ground
• 1 Samuel 14:45 a single hair of his head

4. Of time

a. Terminus a quo: from, since

• Deuteronomy 9:24 מִיּוֺם דַּעְתִּי אֶתְכֶם from the day of my knowing you
• Judges 13:5 מִן הַבֶּטֶן from the womb
• Jeremiah 3:4 מֵעַתָּה henceforth

b. Marking the period succeeding the limit: after

• Genesis 38:24 after about three months
• Joshua 23:1 מִיָּמִים רַבִּים after many days
• Genesis 4:3 מִקֵּץ יָמִים after (at the end of) days

5. From ... to (even to)

• Genesis 10:19; Genesis 15:18 (מִן ... עַד)
• figurative Genesis 19:4 מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקֵן both young and old
• Exodus 11:5 both man and beast
• Numbers 30:15 מִיּוֺם אֶל יוֺם from day to day

6. In comparisons (beyond, above, than)

a. Compared with another distinct object

• Judges 14:18 sweeter than honey
• Ezekiel 28:3 wiser than Daniel
• Genesis 29:10 better... than

b. Compared with a group: out of, above all

• Genesis 3:1 subtil above all beasts
• Judges 5:24 תְּבֹרַח מִנָּשִׁים blessed above women

c. Too much for: surpassing powers

• Genesis 18:14 too hard for יהוה
• Genesis 4:13 greater than I can bear
• 1 Kings 8:64 רַב מֵהָכִיל too great to contain

7. Prefixed to an infinitive

• a. Causal force: Deuteronomy 7:7 because J. loved you
• b. Negative consequence (restraint): Genesis 16:2 מִלֶּדֶת from bearing; Genesis 27:1 מֵרְאֹת so that he could not see; 1 Samuel 15:23 מִמֶּלֶךְ from (being) king.
• c. Temporal force: Numbers 24:23 after God's establishing him.

8. As a conjunction

Deuteronomy 33:11 מִן יְקוּמוּן that they rise not again.

9. In compounds

מֵאַחֲרֵי, מֵאֵת, מִבֵּין, מֵעַל, מִתַּחַת; especially לְמִן (with pleonastic לְ) Deuteronomy 4:32; Judges 20:1.

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

² Ed. König, Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ Zerweck, Die Hebräische Präposition Min (1894).

Preposition, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: ἀπὸ ἐκ ἀπ' ἐμοῦ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H4480a:

ἀπὸ 252× (23.4%)

ἐκ 244× (22.7%)

ἀπ' 136× (12.6%)

ἐμοῦ 65× (5.0%)

'' 43× (3.4%)

αὐτῆσ 42× (3.3%)

--- 32× (3.0%)

ἀφ' 17× (1.6%)

παρὰ 16× (1.5%)

παρ' 14× (1.3%)

ונמשלתי וְ֝נִמְשַׁ֗לְתִּי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

משל

mâshal

Definition

to liken, i.e. (transitively) to use figurative language (an allegory, adage, song or the like); intransitively, to resemble

Root

denominative from H4912 (משל);

Exhaustive

denominative from משל; to liken, i.e. (transitively) to use figurative language (an allegory, adage, song or the like); intransitively, to resemble; be(-come) like, compare, use (as a) proverb, speak (in proverbs), utter.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4911

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מָשַׁל

verb • Root משל • Strongs / High • Page 920

I. To be hard, powerful, strong, mighty; Metaphor. to rule, reign, govern, command, have power; to rule over, to manage.

מָשַׁל

verb • Root משל • Strongs / High • Page 920

II. (Kal not used) to compare, to put together or beside one another for comparison, two things, from the fundamental signification to bind, to unite, to weave or twist together.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4911

I. [מָשַׁל] verb — represent, be like.

Cognates:

• Arabic مثل stand erect (compare Fl^{De Proverbs 1:1}), II. effigiavit, representavit (rem alicui), see imitate, use a verse as a proverb; مَثَلٌ description by way of comparison
• Assyrian mašâlu¹
• Ethiopic መስለ become like
• Aramaic מְתַל be like, מתל compare

— Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נִמְשַׁל Psalm 49:13, Psalm 49:21; 2 masculine singular נִמְֹשָׁ֑לְתָּ Isaiah 14:10; 1 singular נִמְשַׁלְתִּי Psalm 28:1, Psalm 143:7: — be like, similar, with אֶל Isaiah 14:10; עִם Psalm 28:1 = Psalm 143:7; כְּ Psalm 49:13, Psalm 49:21.

— Hiph`il Imperfect 2 masculine plural suffix וְתָמְשִׁלוּנִי compare Isaiah 46:5.

— Hithpa`el Imperfect 1 singular וָאֶתְמַשֵּׁל Job 30:19 (with כְּ) and I have become like dust.

II. מָשַׁל verb denominative — use of proverb, speak in parables or sentences of poetry, especially Ezekiel.

1. Usage in Qal and Piel

a. Qal forms

• Imperfect יִמְשֹׁל Ezekiel 16:44; 3 masculine plural יִמְשְׁלוּ Ezekiel 12:23
• Imperative מְשֹׁל Ezekiel 17:2, Ezekiel 24:3
• Infinitive construct מְשֹׁל Ezekiel 18:3
• Participle משֵׁל Ezekiel 16:44, plural משְׁלִים Ezekiel 18:2, Numbers 21:27 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

b. Meanings and constructions

• use a proverb: מ' מָשָׁל Ezekiel 12:23, Ezekiel 18:3
• A parable with אֶלֿ Ezekiel 17:2 (+ חוּד חִידָה), Ezekiel 24:3; with עַלֿ Ezekiel 18:2
• With מָשָׁל omitted: הִנֵּה כָּלֿ הַמּשֵׁל עָלַיִךְ יִמְשֹׁל Ezekiel 16:44 (but this is awkward; point הִנֵּה כֹּל הַמָּשָׁל)

c. Pi`el form

• Participle הֲלֹא מְמַשֵּׁל מְשָׁלִים הוּא Ezekiel 21:5 is he not a maker of parables?

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch, 451 f. (Dl^HWB).

² Fleischer in Franz Delitzsch, Commentary on Proverbs 1:1 (Fl^De).

³ JE: Jehovist-Elohist Source.

conjunctive, Verb Niphal sequential perfect first person common singular

LXX: λεγομένη παρασυνεβλήθη εἰπὸν ὁμοιωθήσομαι παραβολῇ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4911a:

λεγομένη 2× (12.0%)

παρασυνεβλήθη 2× (12.0%)

εἰπὸν 2× (10.2%)

ὁμοιωθήσομαι 2× (10.2%)

παραβολῇ 2× (10.2%)

עם עִם־

together with/a people

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עם

ʻim

Definition

adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then usually unrepresented in English)

Root

from H6004 (עמם);

Exhaustive

from עמם; adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then usually unrepresented in English); accompanying, against, and, as ([idiom] long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from (among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-) to, with(-al).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5973

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עִם

name element • Root אם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

(In united words like עַמִּי, עֲמִדָּה). Element peculiar to personal names, generally referring to God, signifying uniter, gatherer, binder together, or family-founder. Interchangeable with אֵל, אָב, אָח, and אִם.

עִם

particle / preposition / conjunction • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

A particle/preposition meaning with, cum, beside, by, expressing communion, union, conjunction, or accompaniment. Also functions as a sign of coordination (and).

עִם

preposition / adverb / conjunction • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1102

Among, between, inter, in medio, apud, with; in the midst of; notwithstanding. (When combined with מִן (מֵעִם): away from, from near, out of the possession of, from, according to the mind of.)

עִם

aramaic preposition / conjunction (aramaic) • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1102

Aramaic preposition/conjunction: together with; with (e.g., the clouds of heaven, meaning riding on a cloud); of time, so long as, as long as, like; by (e.g., by night).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עִם

preposition • Page 512

used only as a preposition. 1. with. Gen. 27: 44. Ex. 22: 29. עִם זֶה with all this, notwithstanding this, Neh. 5: 18. עִם שֶׁמֶשׁ so long as the sun shall endure, Ps. 72: 5. 2. before; e. g. עִם אֵל before God, Job 9: 2. 27: 13. 3. against; e. g. נִלְחַם עִם to fight against.

עִם

preposition • Page 513

with; also in, e.g. עִם לֵילְיָא in the night (Dan. 7:2); עִם דָּר וְדָר so long as the generations of men last (Dan. 3:33, 4:31).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5973

I. עִם preposition — with.

Cognates:

• Aramaic עִם
• Sabean עם^1,2
• Arabic مَعَ³

— suffix עִמִּי (46 times) and עִמָּדִי (45 times) (probably akin to Arabic עִנְדַ side, beside: compare √ ענד), without difference of meaning (עמדי in Pentateuch Genesis 31:31; Genesis 39:7, 12, 14; Exodus 33:12; Leviticus 26:21, 23, 27, 40 (Holiness Code); Numbers 22:19; etc.); עִמְּךָ, עִמְּכָה 1 Samuel 1:26, עִמָּ֑ךְ; עִמּוֺ, עִמָּהּ; עִמָּ֫נוּ; עִמָּכֶם; עִמָּם (27 times) (Genesis 18:16 etc.); and עִמָּהֶם (23 times) (chiefly late: Numbers 22:12; Deuteronomy 29:16; Jonah 1:3; Job 1:4; etc.):

1. Of fellowship and companionship

(Latin cum), as Genesis 13:1 ולוט עמו and Lot with him, Genesis 18:16; Genesis 19:30; Genesis 24:54 הוא והאנשׁים אשׁר עמו, וכל ישׂראל עמו Joshua 7:24; often peculiar to Chronicles and Ezra are clauses introduced by ועמהם 1 Chronicles 12:34; 1 Chronicles 13:2; 1 Chronicles 15:8, Ezra 8:13, 14 (Aramaic Ezra 5:2); so ועמו 1 Chronicles 12:28; 2 Chronicles 17:14–18; Ezra 8:3–12. Coupling substantives, together with, chiefly in poetry: Deuteronomy 12:23 לא תאכל הנפשׁ עם הבשׂר, Ecclesiastes 7:11; 2 Samuel 1:24 שָׁנִי עִם עֲדָנִים, Deuteronomy 32:14 עִם חֵלֶב כרים, Psalm 66:15 אעשׂה בקר עם עתודים, Songs 4:13 כפרים עם נרדים. Unusually, Esther 9:25 אמר עם הספר he ordered in conjunction with writing, in a written order. Poetic or late uses: Psalm 42:9 ובלילה שִׁירֹה עמי, Psalm 89:22 אשׁר יָדִי תִּכּוֺן עמו; in Job of the companionship of sufferings or prosperity, Job 6:4 תִצֵּי שַׁדַּי עמדי, Job 29:6 וְצוּר יָצוּק עִמדי פלגי שׁמן, 2 Chronicles 28:10 עִמָּכֶם אֲשָׁמוֺת.

a. of aid

• Exodus 23:5
• Genesis 21:22 אלהים עמך
• Isaiah 8:10 כי עמנו אל
• Psalm 46:8
• With the help of (= Greek σύν), 1 Samuel 14:45 כי עם אלהים עשׂה היום הזה

b. Of actions done jointly

• ירשׁ עם inherit with, Genesis 21:10
• כרת ברית עם Genesis 26:28
• חָלַק עם share with, Joshua 22:8

c. Of a contest or combat

עִם is with in the sense of against: so often with נִלְחַם to fight, נִשְׁמַּט to dispute, נֶאֱבַק to wrestle, רִיב to strive.

• Genesis 32:29
• Isaiah 3:14 בּא בְּמִשְׁמָּט עם
• Psalm 94:16 מי יקום לי עִם מְרֵעִים in the struggle with evil-doers
• Job 9:14 אֶבְחֲרָה דְבָרַי עמו in the contest with him

d. Of dealing or relation

Of dealing with a person, or of the relation in which one stands with, or towards, another:

• עשׂה חסד עם to do kindness with Genesis 24:12 (in 1 person observe that in this phrase עמדי, not עמי, is regularly used, Genesis 19:19; 1 Samuel 20:14)
• דִּבֶּר עם to speak with Exodus 19:9
• תמים עם perfect with (i.e. toward) Deuteronomy 18:13
• Psalm 73:22 toward thee

e. Of a common lot

• Genesis 18:23 צדיק עם רשׁע together with the wicked
• Psalm 106:6 חטאנו עם אבותינו
• Ecclesiastes 2:16 הֶחָכָם עם הכסיל i.e. like the fool

f. Of equality or resemblance

• Job 9:26 חָֽלְפוּ עִם אֳנִיּוֺת אֵבֶה they pass by as swiftly as skiffs of reed
• נִמְשַׁל עִם Psalm 28:1

g. Of time

• Psalm 72:5 יִירָאוּךָ עם שׁמשׁ as long as the sun endureth
• Ezra 1:11 עִם הֵעָלוֺת הַגּוֺלָה (at the time of)

2. Of a locality

Close to, beside:

• Genesis 25:11 עם באר לחי ראי beside the well
• Genesis 35:4 אשׁר עם שׁכם
• 2 Samuel 6:7 שָׁם עִם אֲרוֺן האלהים
• Deuteronomy 5:28 עֲמֹד מֹּה עמדי by me

3. Of persons

a. In the house or service of

(apud, chez):

• Genesis 23:4 גֵּר וְתוֺשָׁב עמך
• Genesis 29:14 וַיֵשֶׁב עִמּוֺ
• Genesis 29:25 עבדתי עמך I have served with thee

b. In the possession of

(Latin penes):

• Genesis 24:25 עִמָּנוּ (straw is with us)
• Deuteronomy 32:34 כָּמֻס עִמָּדִי stored up with
• Job 12:13 עִמּוֺ חָכְמָה וּגְבוּרָה

c. In the custody or care of

• 1 Samuel 9:23 שִׂים אֹתָהּ עִמָּךְ
• 1 Samuel 22:23 כִּי מִשְׁמֶרֶת אַתָּה עִמָּדִי

d. Beside = except

• Deuteronomy 32:39 אֵין אלהים עִמָּדִי
• Psalm 73:25 ועמך לא חפצתי בארץ and beside thee I delight not

e. Friendly with

• Genesis 31:2 כי איננו עמי
• Proverbs 23:7 וְלִבּוֺ בַל עִמָּךְ

4. Idiomatic of a thought or purpose

a. עִם לְבַב פ

• Deuteronomy 8:5 וְיָדַעְתָּ עִם לְבָבְךָ thou shalt know with thy heart
• 1 Kings 8:17 ויהי עם לבב דוד it was David's purpose
• Psalm 77:7 muse or talk with one's heart

b. עִם alone = in one's consciousness

• Numbers 14:24 רוּחַ אַחֶרֶת עִמּוֺ i.e. operating in his mind
• Job 10:13 ידעתי כי זאת עמך that this was thy purpose
• 1 Samuel 2:26 טוֺב עִם in the judgment of

5. Metaphorical usage

Together with = in spite of, notwithstanding:

• Nehemiah 5:18 וְעִם זֶה

מֵעִם

— מֵעִם (72 times) from with or beside (= Greek παρὰ with a genitive):

a. after verbs of departing, taking, removing, etc.

• Genesis 13:14 הִמָּרֶדֿ לוֺט מֵעִמּוֺ
• 1 Samuel 16:14 סרה מעם שׁאול ורוח יהוה
• Isaiah 7:11 after שׁאל to ask
• Exodus 21:14 מֵעִם מִזְבְּחִי (sq. place)

b. with terms of kindness or names

• Genesis 24:27 אשׁר לא עזב חסדו מעם אֲדֹנִי
• Ruth 4:10 לאֹיִֿכָּרֵת שֵׁם מֵעִם

c. From the possession or custody of

• Genesis 31:31 with גזל
• Leviticus 25:41 with יצא (subject a slave)

d. Expressing origination or authorship

• 1 Samuel 20:7 כִּי כָֽלְתָה הָרָעָה מֵעִמּוֺ
• Genesis 41:32 נָכוֺן הַדָּבָר מֵעִם האלהים established from, on the part of, God
• Psalm 121:2 עֶזְרִי מעם יהוה

Aramaic

I. עִם (approximate number of occurrences: 22) preposition with (Biblical Hebrew עִם).

1. literally with
   • suffix עִמִּי Daniel 3:32
   • suffix עִמָּךְ Ezra 7:13
   • suffix עִמֵהּ Daniel 2:22
   • suffix עִמְּהוֺן Ezra 5:2
2. Uses
   • a. together with: Daniel 2:18, 43; Daniel 7:13 עִם עֲנָנֵי שְׁמַיָּא
   • b. to speak with: Daniel 6:22; war with Daniel 7:21; do with (= towards) Daniel 3:32 דִּי עֲבַד עִמִּי
3. of time
   • Daniel 3:33 = 4:31 עִם דָּר וְדָר (as long as)
   • Daniel 7:2 עִם לֵילְיָא during the night

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien (1889).

² Fritz Hommel, Süd-arabische Chrestomathie (1893).

³ Franz Praetorius, Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (BAS), i. 26.

⁴ William Wright, Arabic Grammar, ed. W. Robertson Smith and M. J. de Goeje, 3rd ed. (WAG).

Preposition

LXX: μετὰ μετ' μεθ' ἐμοῦ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H5973a:

μετὰ 252× (26.0%)

μετ' 226× (22.7%)

μεθ' 68× (6.9%)

ἐμοῦ 55× (4.8%)

--- 31× (3.2%)

παρὰ 30× (3.1%)

παρ' 24× (2.5%)

πρὸσ 23× (2.4%)

'' 22× (1.9%)

ἀπὸ 20× (2.1%)

ירדי יֹרְדֵי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ירד

yârad

Definition

to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to bring down (in all the above applications)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to bring down (in all the above applications); [idiom] abundantly, bring down, carry down, cast down, (cause to) come(-ing) down, fall (down), get down, go(-ing) down(-ward), hang down, [idiom] indeed, let down, light (down), put down (off), (cause to, let) run down, sink, subdue, take down.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3381

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָרַד

verb • Root ירד • Strongs / High • Page 644

to fall from or down, to go down, descend, come down.

יָרַד

verb • Root ירד • Strongs / High • Page 645

To go down, descend. This verb has numerous applications, including: to be brought down, to fall down, to run downwards (like a boundary), to sink or perish, to descend (like a shadow on a sundial), to come down (as a manifestation of God), to rush down to battle, to enter a lower place (e.g., a ship or well), to walk down to a lower location, to travel to a lower country, to flow down (like a stream), or to fall (like rain or dew).

יָרַד

verb • Root ירד • Strongs / High • Page 755

to go down to

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָרַד

verb • Page 297

To go down, to descend. Used for journeys from higher to lower terrain, such as to Egypt (Gen. 12:10), Philistia (1 Sam. 13:20), or southwards (1 Sam. 25:1). Also refers to inanimate objects, such as a road leading down (Prov. 7:27) or streams flowing down (Deut. 9:21). Metaphorically, it means to fall in wealth or circumstances (Deut. 28:43). Hiphil form הוֹרִיד: to make to go down, to bring down, or to cast down (Gen. 37:25, Prov. 21:22). Hophal form הוּרַד is the passive of Hiphil (Gen. 39:1).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3381

I. יָרַד (approximate number of occurrences: 380) verb — come or go down, descend.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Moabite Inscription¹ וארד and רד
• Assyrian arâdu
• Arabic ورد *come to, arrive at*, also *descend*
• Ethiopic ወረደ *descend*
• Sabean ורד and הורד

— יָרַד Perfect Exodus 19:18 +; יְרַד Judges 5:13 (twice in verse) (but read יָרַד or יֵרֵד); רַד Judges 19:11 (read יָרַד), etc.; Imperfect יֵרֵד Genesis 42:38 +; וַיֵּ֫רֶד Genesis 11:5 +; וַיֵּרַ֑ד 2 Samuel 22:10 (2 times); 3 feminine singular תֵּ֫רֶד (+ אֵשׁ) 2 Kings 1:10, 12; תּרַד Jeremiah 13:17; Lamentations 3:48; תֵּדֵֿ֔ Isaiah 34:5; Isaiah 63:14; תֵּרֵ֑ד Ezekiel 26:11 (יוֺרִיד Vrss Co); וַתֵּ֫רֶד Genesis 24:16 (7 times); 2 masculine singular תֵּרֵד Genesis 26:2 (5 times) + 1 Samuel 20:19 (where read תִּמָּקֵד We Dr., compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6 ᵑ7); 1 singular אֵרֵד Genesis 37:35 (3 times); וָאֵרֵד Exodus 3:8 (3 times); cohortative אֵרְדָהנָֿא Genesis 18:21; יֵרְדוּ 1 Samuel 13:12 (4 times); וַיֵּרְדוּ Genesis 42:3 (19 times); 3 feminine plural תֵּרַדְנָה Jeremiah 14:17 (2 times); 1 plural נֵרֵד Genesis 43:5; cohortative נֵרְדָה Genesis 11:7 (2 times); וַנֵּ֫רֶד 2 Kings 10:13; Imperative רֵד Exodus 19:21 +; רְדָה Genesis 45:9; Ezekiel 32:19; רֵ֑דָה 2 Kings 1:9, 11; feminine singular רְדִי Jeremiah 48:18; Isaiah 47:1; masculine plural רְדוּ Genesis 42:2 (5 times); Infinitive absolute יָרֹד Genesis 43:20; construct רֶ֫דֶת Genesis 44:26 +; רְדָה Genesis 46:3; suffix רִדְתִּי Psalm 30:10, etc. (in Psalm 30:4 read Kethib מִיּוֺרְדֵי, so ᵐ5 ᵑ6 Cheyne, Baethgen); Participle יוֺרֵד Judges 9:36 +; feminine singular יֹרְדָה Lamentations 1:16; הַיֹּרֶ֫דֶת Ecclesiastes 3:21; 1 Samuel 25:30, etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. come or go down

• from (מִן) a mountain Exodus 19:14; Exodus 32:1, 15 (Elohist Source); Exodus 34:29 (twice in verse) (Jehovist-Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 9:15; Deuteronomy 10:5; Numbers 20:28 (Priests' Code) +
• absolute Exodus 19:21, 24 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 19:25 (Jehovist Source; with אֶל person)
• from the air, of birds, followed by עַל Genesis 15:11 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

b. go down to battle

• (usually from mountain or hill-country into plain), absolute Judges 5:14; followed by לָעֵמֶק Judges 1:34; followed by לַשְּׁעָרִים Judges 5:11
• followed by אֶל Judges 5:10, 11; 1 Samuel 17:8 (followed by אֶל person); followed by לִקְרַאת Judges 7:24; followed by אַחֲרֵי person 1 Samuel 14:36
• followed by ב location Judges 7:9; בַּמִּלְחָמָה יֵרֵד וְנִסְמָּה 1 Samuel 26:10, compare 1 Samuel 29:4; 1 Samuel 30:24
• of single combat, וַיַּרֶד אֵלָיו בַּשָּׁ֑בֶט 2 Samuel 23:21 = 1 Chronicles 11:23

c. go down from or to a place

• to (accusative) threshing-floor, Ruth 3:3, 5
• (from David's palace) to Uriah's house (אֶל) 2 Samuel 11:9, 10 (twice in verse); 2 Samuel 11:13
• from temple to (accusative) king's house Jeremiah 36:12 (+ עַללִֿשְׁכַּת הַסֹּפֵר); רֵד בֵּיתמֶֿלֶךְ יְהוּדָה Jeremiah 22:1

d. go down from Palestine to Egypt

• absolute Genesis 42:3 (Elohist Source), Genesis 42:38 (Jehovist Source) + 6 times (Jehovist-Elohist Sources); followed by אֵלַי Genesis 45:9 (Elohist Source)
• followed by מִצְרַ֫יְמָה Genesis 46:3, 4 (Elohist Source), Genesis 12:10; Genesis 26:2 (both Jehovist Source), Numbers 20:15 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• followed by מִצְרֵיִם Joshua 24:4 (Elohist Source), Genesis 43:15 (Jehovist Source), Isaiah 30:2; Isaiah 31:1; Isaiah 52:4; followed by שָׁמָּה Genesis 42:2 (Elohist Source)
• to Philistine cities Judges 14:19; Judges 16:31; 1 Samuel 13:20; Amos 6:2

e. from Jerusalem

• absolute Judges 1:9; 1 Kings 1:25; Nehemiah 6:3; 2 Chronicles 20:16
• to Jezreel 2 Kings 8:21 = 2 Kings 9:26, 2 Chronicles 22:6; to Samaria 1 Kings 22:2, 2 Chronicles 18:2; (to Gihon) 1 Kings 1:38

f. from altar, chariot, ass, throne, ship, etc.

• from altar ירד מֵעֲשׂוֺת הַחַטָּאת Leviticus 9:22 (Priests' Code)
• from chariot, with מֵעַל Judges 4:15; from ass, with מֵעַל 1 Samuel 25:23
• from throne, with מֵעַל Ezekiel 26:16, absolute Isaiah 47:1, compare רְדִי מִכָּבוֺד Jeremiah 48:18
• from ships, with מִן Ezekiel 27:29; from bed, with מִן 2 Kings 1:4, 6, 16

g. go down to spring, sea, etc.

• to spring הָעַ֫יְנָה Genesis 24:16, 45 (Jehovist Source); followed by לִרְחֹץ עַל הַיְאֹר Exodus 2:5 (Elohist Source), compare (absolute) 2 Kings 5:14
• followed by accusative הַסֶּלַע 1 Samuel 23:25; יוֺרְדֵי הַיָּם Isaiah 42:10; יוֺרְדֵי הַיָּם בָּאֳנִיּוֺת Psalm 107:23
• absolute (into pit or well) 2 Samuel 23:20 = 1 Chronicles 11:22, followed by שָׁם (i.e. בְּאֵר) 2 Samuel 17:18

h. sink, opposed to rising

• in water יָָֽרְדוּ בִמְצוֺלוֺת כְּמוֺאָֿ֑בֶן Exodus 15:5 (Song in Elohist Source); לְקִצְבֵי הָרַים יָרַדְתִּי Jonah 2:7
• opposed to rising, יַעֲלוּ הָרִים יֵָֽרְדוּ בְקָעוֺת Psalm 104:8 *mountains rise, valleys sink*; יַעֲלוּ שָׁמַיִם יֵרְדוּ תְהוֺמוֺת Psalm 107:26

i. go down to Sheol

• followed by שְׁא֫וֺלָה Genesis 37:35 (Jehovist Source; + אֶלבְּֿנִי), Numbers 16:30, 33 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Ezekiel 31:15, 17
• followed by שְׁאוֺל Ezekiel 32:27; Psalm 55:16; Job 7:6 (opposed to עלה); בַּדֵּי שְׁאֹל תֵּרַדְנָה Job 17:16
• absolute Isaiah 5:14; Ezekiel 32:19, 21, 30, Psalm 49:15; יָָֽרְדוּ עֲרֵלִים Ezekiel 32:24
• followed by שַׁחַת Job 33:24, אֶלשַֿׁחַת Psalm 30:10; followed by בּוֺר Psalm 30:4 (Qr); יוֺרְדֵי אֶלאַֿבְנֵיבֿוֺר Isaiah 14:19; יוֺרְדֵי בוֺר Psalm 28:1; Ezekiel 26:20 + etc.
• יוֺרְדֵי עָפָר Psalm 22:30; יוֺרְדֵי דוּמָה Psalm 115:17; רַגְלֶיהָ יֹרְדֹת מָ֑וֶת Proverbs 5:5, compare Proverbs 7:27

j. figurative uses

• יֹרֵד בַּבֶּ֑כִי Isaiah 15:3 *going down (dissolving) in tears*
• = *be prostrated*, absolute, of horses and riders Haggai 2:22, compare Isaiah 34:7, Jeremiah 48:15; Jeremiah 50:27
• of forest Isaiah 32:19; Zechariah 11:2; city Deuteronomy 20:20; Lamentations 1:9; wall Deuteronomy 28:52; nation תֵּרֵד מַ֫טָּה מָ֑טָּה Deuteronomy 28:43

2. Of divine manifestations

Descend, of יהוה in theophany:

• [על ההר֑] יָרַד עָלָיו בָּאֵשׁ יהוה Exodus 19:11, 18 (Elohist Source), Exodus 19:20 (Jehovist Source), compare Nehemiah 9:13
• יֵרֵד יהוה צְבָאוֺת לִצְבּאֹ עַלהַֿרצִֿיּוֺן Isaiah 31:4
• absolute Genesis 11:5, 7; Genesis 18:21; Exodus 3:8 (all Jehovist Source), Numbers 11:17 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), 2 Samuel 22:10 = Psalm 18:10, Micah 1:3; Isaiah 63:19; Isaiah 64:2
• of pillar of cloud Exodus 33:9 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); of angels עֹלִים וְיֹרְדִים בּוֺ Genesis 28:12 (Elohist Source)

3. Of inanimate things

a. hail, dew, rain, fire

• hail with עַל person Exodus 9:19 (Jehovist Source); dew with עַל location Numbers 11:9 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Psalm 133:3
• rain, followed by מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם + על person Deuteronomy 28:24, in simile יֵרֵד כְּמָטָר עַלגֵּֿז Psalm 72:6
• fire from (מִן) heaven 2 Kings 1:10, 12, 14; 2 Chronicles 7:1, 3

b. waters flowing down, tears, etc.

• flowing waters הַנַּחַל הַיֹּרֵד מִןהָֿהָר Deuteronomy 9:21, compare Joshua 3:13, 16; Ezekiel 47:1, 8
• tears מַּלְגֵימַֿיִם יָָֽרְדוּ עֵינָ֑י Psalm 119:136; Lamentations 3:48; Lamentations 1:16; Jeremiah 9:17; Jeremiah 13:17; Jeremiah 14:17
• oil descending upon (על) beard Psalm 133:2; shadow on dial 2 Kings 20:11 = Isaiah 38:8
• boundary *going down* Joshua 16:3 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); elsewhere Priests' Code: Numbers 34:11, 12; Joshua 15:10; Joshua 16:7; Joshua 17:9; Joshua 18:13, 16
• figurative of pride Ezekiel 30:6; of calamity Micah 1:12; Psalm 7:17; of words of talebearer Proverbs 18:8 = Proverbs 26:22

Hiph`il

Perfect הוֺרִד 2 Kings 16:17; וְהוֺרִיד consecutive Amos 3:11; 2 masculine singular וְהוֺרַדְתָּ֫ 1 Kings 2:9; 2 feminine singular suffix הוֺרַדְתֵּנִי Joshua 2:18; הוֺרִידוּ 1 Samuel 6:15; Lamentations 2:10 etc.; Imperfect וַיּוֺרֶד Judges 7:5; suffix יוֺרִידֵנִי Obadiah 1:3; יוֺרִדֵהוּ 1 Samuel 30:16; 1 Kings 17:23; וַיִֹּדֵם 1 Kings 18:40; וְלֹא תּוֺרֵד 1 Kings 2:6; suffix תוֺרִדֵנִי 1 Samuel 30:15; תּוֺרִדֵם Psalm 55:24 etc.; Imperative הוֺרֵד Exodus 33:5; suffix הוֺרִדֵהוּ Ezekiel 32:18; הוֺרִידֵמוֺ Psalm 59:12; feminine singular הוֺרִידִי Lamentations 2:18; Infinitive construct לְהוֺרִיד Genesis 37:25; Participle מוֺרִיד 1 Samuel 2:6; מֹרִיד 2 Samuel 22:48.

1. cause to come or go down

• bring down (to Egypt) Genesis 39:1 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 45:13 (Elohist Source); Genesis 43:11; Genesis 37:25 (Jehovist Source)
• bring down to water Judges 7:4, 5; Deuteronomy 21:4; 1 Kings 18:40
• from Jerusalem to Gihon 1 Kings 1:33; from temple 2 Kings 11:19; from heaven Amos 9:2
• lay prostrate Amos 3:11; Proverbs 21:22; Isaiah 10:13; Psalm 56:8; Isaiah 63:6
• bring down to Sheol 1 Samuel 2:6; 1 Kings 2:6, 9; Genesis 42:38; Genesis 44:29 (all Jehovist Source)

2. take down

• from cart 1 Samuel 6:15; corpse from tree Joshua 8:29 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); the Tabernacle Numbers 1:51 (Priests' Code)

3. let down

• pitcher Genesis 24:18, 46; sacks Genesis 44:11 (Jehovist Source); person through window Joshua 2:15; 1 Samuel 19:12

Hoph`al

Perfect הוּרַד Genesis 39:1; וְהוּרַד consecutive Zechariah 10:11; 2 masculine singular וְהוּרַדְתָּ֫ Ezekiel 31:18; Imperfect 2 masculine singular תּוּרַד Isaiah 14:15.

1. be brought down
   • to Egypt Genesis 39:1 (Jehovist Source)
   • to Sheol Isaiah 14:11, 15; Ezekiel 31:18; of pride Zechariah 10:11
2. be taken down
   • of the Tabernacle Numbers 10:17 (Priests' Code)

¹ Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone), line 32.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (1896).

³ Friedrich Ernst Christoph König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

⁴ Julius Wellhausen; Samuel Rolles Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (1890).

Verb Qal participle active masculine plural construct

LXX: κατέβη κατέβησαν καταβήσεται κατάβηθι καταβῆναι

LXX Usage Statistics

H3381:

κατέβη 76× (19.3%)

κατέβησαν 24× (6.1%)

καταβήσεται 23× (5.8%)

κατάβηθι 20× (5.3%)

καταβῆναι 9× (2.4%)

καταβαινόντων 9× (2.3%)

καταβήσονται 8× (2.0%)

καταβαίνοντεσ 7× (1.7%)

καταβήσῃ 7× (1.9%)

κατέβην 6× (1.6%)

בור בוֹר׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בור

bôwr

Definition

a pit hole (especially one used as a cistern or a prison)

Root

from H952 (בור) (in the sense of H877 (באר));

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H953

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בּוֹר

verb • Root בור • Strongs_Numbers • Page 229

II. see בִּירָה

בּוֹר

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 229

same as בְּאֵר a pit, a hole, a cistern (where rain-water was kept); a prison, dungeon; grave, sepulchre.

בּוֹר

unknown • Strongs_Numbers • Page 229

see בֹּר (Job 9, 30)

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בּוֹר

noun masculine • Root באר • Page 90

I. Pit, cistern, prison, or grave. Refers to places of confinement or the regions of the dead. 1 Sam. 13:6, Gen. 37:20, Is. 24:22, Ps. 28:1.

בּוֹר

unknown • Page 90

II. Equivalent to בֹּר (q. v.).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H953

I. בּוֹר noun masculine Genesis 37:20 — pit, cistern, well (= בְּאֵר, MI בר, Arabic الحمد لله hole or hollow for cooking, Assyrian bûrtum idem ¹, bûru idem ²).

Cognates:

• MI בר
• Arabic الحمد لله (hole or hollow for cooking)
• Assyrian bûrtum (Dl Pr 182)
• Assyrian bûru (Lotz TP 169)

— בּוֹר absolute Genesis 37:22 +; בֹּר Exodus 21:33 (2 Samuel 23:20 Qr, see בְּאֵר above); construct בּוֹר 2 Kings 10:14 + (2 Samuel 23:15,16 Qr, see בְּאֵר above); בֹּרָה (ָה locative) Genesis 37:24; suffix בּוֹרוֹ Isaiah 36:16 = בֹּרוֹ 2 Kings 18:31; בּוֹרֶךָ Proverbs 5:15; plural בֹּרוֹת Genesis 37:20 (3 times); בֹּרוֹת Deuteronomy 6:11.

1. cistern, containing water, made by digging (חצב) Deuteronomy 6:11; 2 Chronicles 26:10; Nehemiah 9:25; also (without reference to origin) Proverbs 5:15 (parallel בְּאֵר) Leviticus 11:36 (parallel מַעְיָן), 1 Samuel 19:22; Isaiah 36:16 = 2 Kings 18:31.
2. well (= בְּאֵר) 1 Chronicles 11:17, 1 Chronicles 11:18; 2 Samuel 23:15, 2 Samuel 23:16 (yet now no well at Bethlehem Rob BR i. 470, 473 compare also Survey iii. 28 Guérin Judée i. 130), compare Ecclesiastes 12:6 & Jeremiah 6:7 Kt כְּהָקִיר בּוֹר מֵימֶיהָ as a well casteth out its water (Qr בַּיִּר); but הקיר perhaps keep cool, fresh ³ Hi Gf.
3. pit Exodus 21:33 (verb פּתַח), Exodus 21:34 (כרה), compare figurative Psalm 7:16 of wickedness (parallel שַּחַת; verb כרה, חפר); 1 Samuel 13:6 as hiding-place; 2 Samuel 23:20 (Qr) = 1 Chronicles 11:22; 2 Kings 10:14 בּוֹר בֵּית עֵקֶד; of pit into which Joseph was cast Genesis 37:20, Genesis 37:22, Genesis 37:24 (וְהַבּוֹר רֵק אֵין בּוֹ מָיִם) Genesis 37:28; Genesis 37:29 (twice in verse) (JE), compare further Jeremiah 41:7, Jeremiah 41:9; figurative of Sarah as mother of Israel מַקֶּבֶת בּוֹר Isaiah 51:1; figurative of calamity Psalm 40:3 בּוֹר שַׁאוֹל; compare Psalm 88:7 תַּחְתִּיּוֹת בּוֹר.
4. dungeon (pit with no water in it Jeremiah 38:6; Zechariah 9:11 compare Genesis 37:24 above) Genesis 40:13; Genesis 41:14 (E) Isaiah 24:22; Jeremiah 38:6 (twice in verse) (אֵין מַיִם בּוֹ) Jeremiah 38:7; Jeremiah 38:9; Jeremiah 38:10; Jeremiah 38:11; Jeremiah 38:13; also בֵּית הַבּוֹר prison Exodus 12:29; Jeremiah 37:16; figurative of exile Zechariah 9:11 (מִבּוֹר אֵין מַיִם בּוֹ); compare also Lamentations 3:53, Lamentations 3:55.
5. (in poetry & late; never with article) pit of the grave Proverbs 28:17; so אַבְנֵי בּוֹר stones of the pit Isaiah 14:19 (of sepulchre, walled with stones) & of Sheol Psalm 30:4 (parallel שְׁאוֹל); יַרְכְּתֵי בּוֹר loins of (the) pit, i.e. remotest pit Isaiah 14:15 (parallel שְׁאוֹל) Ezekiel 32:23 especially in phrase יֹרְדֵי בּוֹר those going down to (the) pit Psalm 28:1; Psalm 143:7; Isaiah 38:18; Ezekiel 26:20; Ezekiel 32:25, Ezekiel 32:29, Ezekiel 32:30; also, (parallel שְׁאוֹל), Psalm 88:5; Proverbs 1:12; further Ezekiel 26:20; Ezekiel 32:18, Ezekiel 32:24 (all parallel אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּיּוֹת), Ezekiel 31:14, Ezekiel 31:16 (both parallel אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּית; Ezekiel 31:14 parallel also מָוֶת, Ezekiel 31:16 שְׁאוֹל).

בּוֹר הַסִּירָה proper name, of a location 2 Samuel 3:26 (cistern of Sirah, Thes cist. declinationis, MV of the pot, see סִיר). בּוֹר עָשָׁן (so read for ordinary כּוֹר עָשָׁן, see BD Gn, p. vi. ⁴) proper name, of a location 1 Samuel 30:30 (smoking pit), in southwest of Judah; elsewhere עָשָׁן q.v. בַּיִּר Qr Jeremiah 6:7 see בּוֹר above I. בּוֹר, cistern, see below בְּאֵר.

¹ Dl Pr 182: Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena.

² Lotz TP 169: Lotz, Tiglath-Pileser.

³ Hi Gf: Hitzig, Giesebrecht.

⁴ BD Gn, p. vi: Brown, Driver, Briggs, Genesis, page vi.

⁵ || indicates parallel passages or synonymous words.

⁶ J: Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ E: Elohist Source.

⁸ Qr: Qere (what is to be read).

⁹ Kt: Kethib (what is written).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0953a:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Quickly answer me, O Jehovah: my spirit failed: thou wilt not hide thy face from me: I was made like those going down to the pit.

LITV Translation:
O Jehovah, answer me quickly; my spirit is failing; do not hide Your face from me lest I be like the ones who go down to the Pit.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Send forth thy hand from on high; Rescue me, and deliver me out of great waters, Out of the hand of strange children;