Psalms 114:7

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

מלפני מִלִּפְנֵי

from to the faces

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

פנים

pânîym

Definition

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)

Root

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from H6437 (פנה));

Exhaustive

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from פנה); the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.); [phrase] accept, a-(be-) fore(-time), against, anger, [idiom] as (long as), at, [phrase] battle, [phrase] because (of), [phrase] beseech, countenance, edge, [phrase] employ, endure, [phrase] enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, [idiom] him(-self), [phrase] honourable, [phrase] impudent, [phrase] in, it, look(-eth) (-s), [idiom] me, [phrase] meet, [idiom] more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), [idiom] on, open, [phrase] out of, over against, the partial, person, [phrase] please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, [phrase] regard, right forth, [phrase] serve, [idiom] shewbread, sight, state, straight, [phrase] street, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them(-selves), through ([phrase] -out), till, time(-s) past, (un-) to(-ward), [phrase] upon, upside ([phrase] down), with(-in, [phrase] -stand), [idiom] ye, [idiom] you.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6440

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פָּנִים

m. pl. • Root פנה • Strongs / High • Page 1177

Properly the visible, external side. 1. The upper surface, superficies (of earth, water, covering); outside, aspect. 2. The face (the visible part, often as a collective idea).

פָּנִים

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1178

Face, countenances, presence, visibility. Used idiomatically for proximity (without delay), the front (of a thing), direction, look, mien (serenity, sadness); also used reflexively for the personal pronoun ('I myself').

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פָּנִים

noun masculine plural • Page 546

1. A face, countenance (Ezek. 1:6, Gen. 32:31). 2. Appearance, looks (1 Sam. 1:18, Job 9:27). 3. Surface, facies, superficies (Gen. 2:6, Is. 14:21, Job 38:30). 4. The front or forepart, as in an army (Joel 2:20, Ezek. 2:10, Deut. 2:10). 5. Equivalent to פֶּה a mouth or edge (Ecc. 10:10). 6. A person, personal presence (Ex. 33:14, 2 Sam. 17:11, Lam. 4:16). 7. Combined with prepositions, especially לִפְנֵי (before, in space or time, east of, or against).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6440

I. מָּנֶה (approximate number of occurrences: 2123) noun masculine¹ and feminine — face, also faces (as turned toward one).

— plural absolute מָּנִים Genesis 32:31 +; construct מְּנֵי 2 Samuel 14:32 +; suffix 1 singular מָּנַי Genesis 43:3 +; 3 masculine singular מָּנָיו Genesis 4:5 +, מָּנֵי֑מוֺ Psalm 11:7 (König²); 2 masculine plural מְּנֵיכֶם Genesis 40:7 +, etc.; — usually with verb plural, Genesis 4:5, 6; Exodus 33:14 +; with verb singular Lamentations 4:16 (through influence of intervening י׳, GKC³ § 146a).

1. Face, faces

a. Literally, of man

• Genesis 43:31; 2 Samuel 19:5; 1 Kings 19:13; Leviticus 13:14; Daniel 8:18; Daniel 10:9, 15 +
• Pale (from alarm) Isaiah 29:22; flushed Isaiah 13:8; tearful Isaiah 25:8
• Sad רעים פ׳ Genesis 40:7; רֹעַ פ׳ Ecclesiastes 7:8
• Fallen (in displeasure) נָָֽפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ Genesis 4:5, 6

b. Of God

• Exodus 33:20, compare Exodus 33:23

c. Face to face (seeing God)

• מָּנִים אֶל־מָּֿנִים Genesis 32:31; Judges 6:22
• בְּפ׳ פ׳ Deuteronomy 5:4; נִתְרֶאֶה פָנִים (meet in battle) 2 Kings 14:8, 11

d. Relations with God

• הֵרִים פ׳ (in worship) Ezra 9:6
• Spiritual sense Jeremiah 2:27; מָּנָה אֵלַי עֹרֶף וְלֹא פָנִים Jeremiah 32:33
• קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ezekiel 2:4

2. Presence, person

a. Of God

• Exodus 33:14, 15; בְּפָנָיו Deuteronomy 4:37; מַלְאַךְ מָּנָיו Isaiah 63:9
• לֶחֶם הַמָּנִים (showbread)

b. Appear before, in one’s presence

• King: Exodus 10:28–29 (Jehovist Source); 2 Samuel 14:24, 28, 32
• God: Job 33:26; Psalm 11:7; Psalm 17:15

3. Celestial and animal faces

• Seraphim Isaiah 6:2; Cherubim Exodus 25:20; Ezekiel 1:8, 11
• Animals: מְּנֵי הַצּאֹן Genesis 30:40; Ezekiel 1:10; מִּתְחֵי פ׳ (of crocodile) Job 41:6

4. Surface or Front

• Of ground (הָאֲדָמָה) Genesis 2:6; Genesis 4:14; Psalm 104:30
• Of earth (הָאָרֶץ) Genesis 1:29; Genesis 7:3; Genesis 11:4
• Of water Genesis 1:2; Genesis 7:18
• Of house / gate Ezekiel 41:14; Ezekiel 47:1; Ezekiel 40:6
• Battle-front מְּנֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה 2 Samuel 10:9
• Edge (front) of sword Ezekiel 21:21; of axe Ecclesiastes 10:10

5. Adverbial uses

• Location: מִמָּנִים וּמֵאָחוֺר (before and behind) 2 Samuel 10:9
• Temporal: לְפָנִים (formerly) Deuteronomy 2:12; Joshua 11:10; Judges 1:10
• From beforetime מִלְּפָנִים Isaiah 41:26

6. With Prepositions

1. אֶל־מְּנֵי
   • To the presence of Exodus 23:17; 2 Chronicles 19:2
   • To the front of Leviticus 6:7; Numbers 17:8
   • On to the surface of Leviticus 14:53; Ezekiel 16:5
2. אֶת־מְּנֵי
   • Presence of 1 Samuel 2:11; 1 Kings 12:6
   • Specifically of God Genesis 19:13; Exodus 34:23–24
   • In front of Genesis 33:18; Leviticus 4:6
3. בִּפְנֵי
   • In the face of (hostile) Numbers 12:14; Deuteronomy 7:24; Joshua 10:8
   • Against (evidence) Hosea 5:5; Job 16:8
4. לִפְנֵי (The most general word for before)
   • Under the eye of Deuteronomy 25:2; 1 Samuel 3:1
   • In view of Genesis 6:13; Lamentations 1:22
   • At disposal of Genesis 13:9; Genesis 47:6
   • In estimation of Genesis 7:1; Proverbs 14:12
   • Of time Amos 1:1; Genesis 29:26
5. מִלִּפְנֵי
   • From the presence of Genesis 41:46; Genesis 4:6
   • Source or cause (chiefly late) 1 Samuel 18:12; Ecclesiastes 3:14
6. מִמְּנֵי
   • Because of, for fear of Judges 9:21; 1 Samuel 23:26; Genesis 3:8
   • At the presence of Exodus 9:30; Psalm 68:3
7. עַל־מְּנֵי
   • In front of Psalm 18:43; Genesis 32:22
   • To one's face (defiantly) Job 1:11; Job 6:28
   • Localities (East of) 1 Kings 11:7; Genesis 16:12
   • Surface Genesis 1:2; Exodus 16:14
8. מֵעַל־מְּנֵי
   • From before the face of Genesis 23:3; 1 Kings 9:7
   • From off the surface of Genesis 4:14; Amos 9:8

¹ Proverbs 25:23.

² Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

⁴ Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae hebraeae et chaldaeae Veteris Testamenti (1829-1858).

Prep-M, Preposition, Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: προσώπου πρόσωπον ἐναντίον ἐνώπιον ἔναντι

LXX Usage Statistics

H6440:

προσώπου 450× (19.3%)

πρόσωπον 321× (14.0%)

ἐναντίον 190× (9.5%)

ἐνώπιον 176× (8.9%)

ἔναντι 157× (7.9%)

πρόσωπόν 105× (4.6%)

ἔμπροσθεν 82× (4.0%)

ἐνώπιόν 48× (2.4%)

--- 45× (2.3%)

'' 43× (1.8%)

אדון אָ֭דוֹן

the inner master

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אדון

ʼâdôwn

Definition

sovereign, i.e. controller (human or divine)

Root

or (shortened) אדן; from an unused root (meaning to rule);

Exhaustive

or (shortened) אדן; from an unused root (meaning to rule); sovereign, i.e. controller (human or divine); lord, master, owner. Compare also names beginning with 'Adoni-'.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H113

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָדוֹן

noun masculine • Root אדן • Strongs_Numbers • Page 62

Lord, commander, ruler; proprietor, possessor, master; husband; applied to God as the highest ruler and lord of the whole earth.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָדוֹן

m. dec. iii. a. • Root דון • Page 25

master, lord, owner. Gen. 24:9, 12, 14. Used of Jehovah (Ps. 114:7) and as a polite address (my lord, Gen. 31:35). Plur. אֲדֹנִים.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H113

I. אָדוֹן noun masculine Malachi 3:1 — lord.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אדן

— אָדוֹן absolute Psalm 12:5; אֲדֹנִים Joshua 3:11 +; plural אֲדֹנִים Isaiah 26:13 +; construct אֲדֹנֵי Deuteronomy 10:17 +; suffix אֲדֹנֵינוּ 1 Samuel 25:14 + etc.; (אֲדֹנִי, אֲדֹנַי, אֲדֹנָי are variations of Masoretic pointing to distinguish divine reference from human. Plural, with few exceptions an intensive plural of rank; word takes suffix as plural in all other persons; so doubtless here. Original reading probably in all cases אֲדֹנַי (see Dalman Der Gottesname Adonaj; Lag¹ makes אֲדֹנָי an Aramaic formative); אֲדֹנִי now found in J 51 times; in E Genesis 31:35; Genesis 32:19; Genesis 42:10; Exodus 21:5; in P Genesis 23:6, 11, 15; Numbers 36:2 (twice in verse); often Samuel & Kings; in Chronicles only in sources, 1 Chronicles 21:3 (3 times in verse); 1 Chronicles 21:23 (= 2 Samuel 24:3, 22) 2 Chronicles 2:13; 2 Chronicles 2:14; Isaiah & Jeremiah only in historical parts Isaiah 36:8, 9, 12; Jeremiah 37:20; Jeremiah 38:9; elsewhere Daniel 1:10; Daniel 10:16, 17, 19; Daniel 12:8; Zechariah 1:9; Zechariah 4:4, 5, 13; Zechariah 6:4; Psalm 110:1; Judges 4:18; Judges 6:13; Ruth 2:13; בִּי אֲדֹנָי Exodus 4:10, 13; Joshua 7:8 (J) Judges 6:15; Judges 13:8 is referred to God, but בִּי אֲדֹנִי Genesis 43:20; Genesis 44:18; Numbers 12:11 (J) 1 Samuel 1:26; 1 Samuel 25:24; 1 Kings 3:17, 26 reference to human superiors. There is uncertainty as to אֲדֹנַי Genesis 18:3; Genesis 19:18; אֲדֹנַי Genesis 19:2).

1. Singular Lord, Master

• Reference to men:
  • Superintendent of household, or of affairs Genesis 45:8, 9 (E) = Psalm 105:21
  • Master Psalm 12:5
  • King Jeremiah 22:18; Jeremiah 34:5
• Reference to God:
  • הָאָדוֹן יְהוָה the Lord Yahweh (see יְהוָה) Exodus 23:17; Exodus 34:23 (Covenant codes)
  • אֲדוֹן כָּל־הָאָרֶץ Lord of the whole earth Joshua 3:11, 13 (J) Psalm 97:5; Zechariah 4:14; Zechariah 6:5; Micah 4:13
  • צְבָאוֹת יְהוָה הָאָדוֹן earlier Isaiah 1:24; Isaiah 3:1; Isaiah 10:33; Isaiah 19:4 (אֲדֹנָי Isaiah 10:16 in common MT; not Massora, doubtless scribal error)
  • יְהוָה הָאָדוֹן Malachi 3:1
  • אָדוֹן Psalm 114:7

2. Plural Lords, Kings

• Lords, kings Deuteronomy 10:17 = Psalm 136:3; Isaiah 26:13
• Elsewhere intensive plural of rank, lord, master
  • Reference to men:
    • Proprietor of hill Samaria 1 Kings 16:24
    • Master Genesis 40:7 (E) Exodus 21:4 (twice in verse); Exodus 21:6, 8, 32 (Covenant code) Genesis 24:9 + (J, 11 times) Deuteronomy 23:16; Judges 19:11, 12 13 times Samuel & Kings; Job 3:19; Psalm 123:2; Proverbs 25:13; Proverbs 27:18; Proverbs 30:10; Isaiah 24:2; Amos 4:1; Zephaniah 1:9; Malachi 1:6 (twice in verse)
    • Husband Judges 19:26, 27; Psalm 45:12
    • Prophet 2 Kings 2:3, 5, 16
    • Governor Nehemiah 3:5
    • Prince Genesis 42:10, 30, 33 (E) Genesis 44:8 (J) 1 Samuel 29:10
    • King Genesis 40:1 (E) Judges 3:25 40 times Samuel & Kings; Chronicles only in sources 1 Chronicles 12:19 compare 1 Samuel 29:4; 2 Chronicles 13:6; 2 Chronicles 18:16 = 1 Kings 22:17; Isaiah 19:4; Isaiah 22:18; Isaiah 36:12; Isaiah 37:4, 6; Jeremiah 27:4
  • Reference to God: Malachi 1:6; אֲדֹנֵי הָאֲדֹנִים Lord of lords Deuteronomy 10:17 = Psalm 136:3; אֲדֹנֵינוּ Psalm 135:5; Psalm 147:5; Nehemiah 8:10; אֲדֹנֵינוּ יְהוָה Psalm 8:2; Psalm 8:10; Nehemiah 10:30; אֲדֹנַיִּךְ יְהוָה Isaiah 51:22 (probably = thy husband, Yahweh); אֲדֹנָיו Hosea 12:15 (possibly error for אֲדֹנָי)

3. Suffix 1 Singular (אֲדֹנַי) אֲדֹנִי

• Reference to men: my lord, my master
  • Master Exodus 21:5 (Covenant code) Genesis 24:12 +, Genesis 44:5 (J, 20 times) 1 Samuel 30:13, 15; 2 Kings 5:3, 20, 22; 2 Kings 6:15
  • Husband Genesis 18:12 (J)
  • Prophet 1 Kings 18:7, 13; 2 Kings 2:19; 2 Kings 4:16, 28; 2 Kings 6:5; 2 Kings 8:5
  • Prince Genesis 42:10 (E), Genesis 23:6, 11, 15 (P), Genesis 43:20; Genesis 44:18 +, Genesis 47:18 + (J, 12 times); Judges 4:18
  • King 1 Samuel 22:12 + (Samuel & Kings 75 times)
  • Father Genesis 31:35 (E)
  • Moses Exodus 32:22; Numbers 11:28; Numbers 12:11; Numbers 32:26, 27 (J); Numbers 36:2 (twice in verse) (P)
  • Priest 1 Samuel 1:15, 26 (twice in verse)
  • Theophanic angel Joshua 5:14; Judges 6:13
  • Captain 2 Samuel 11:11
  • General recognition of superiority Genesis 24:18; Genesis 32:5 + Genesis 33:8 +; Genesis 44:7 + (J, 13 times), Ruth 2:13; 1 Samuel 25:24 + (15 times)
• Reference to God: אֲדֹנָי
  • my Lord Genesis 20:4 (? E) Exodus 15:17 (Samaritan יְהוָה) elsewhere in Hexateuch, J; Genesis 18:3 (?); Genesis 18:27, 30, 31, 32; Genesis 19:2, 18 (?) Exodus 4:10; Exodus 4:13; Exodus 5:22; Exodus 34:9; Numbers 14:17; Joshua 7:8; also Judges 6:15; Judges 13:8; not Samuel; 1 Kings 22:6; 2 Kings 19:23; not Chron. except memorials Ezra 10:3 (reference to Ezra) Nehemiah 1:11; Nehemiah 4:8; Wisdom Literature only Job 28:28 (doubtless scribal error for יְהוָה of many manuscripts); not Hosea; Isaiah 37:24; Isaiah 38:14, 16 (historical part); exile Isaiah 49:14 (compare Isaiah 51:22); Micah 1:2; Psalm 16:2 + (47 times, chiefly this sense, except below b.; compare אֱלֹהַי וְאֲדֹנָי my Lord and my God Psalm 35:23; (writers that use אֱלֹהִים seldom use אֲדֹנָי))
  • Adonay proper name of God, parallel with Yahweh, substitution for it often by scribal error, & eventually supplanting it. In earlier Isaiah Isaiah 3:17 + (19 times seeming to belong here), Amos 7:7, 8; Amos 9:1; Ezekiel 18:25, 29; Ezekiel 33:17, 20; Ezekiel 21:14 (probably יְהוָה אֲדֹנָי as in usual phrase); Zechariah 9:4; Malachi 1:12, 14; Lamentations 1:14 + (14 times) Psalm 2:4; Psalm 37:13; Psalm 78:65; Psalm 90:17 (? יְהוָה) Psalm 110:5 (Dalman puts most of these below (a); many cases are doubtful); 1 Kings 3:10, 15 (Masoretic אֲדֹנִי for יְהוָה compare Dalman 2 Kings 7:6; Dalman rightly questions; he reads יְהוָה). The phrases אֲדֹנָי אֱלֹהַי Adonay my God; אֲדֹנָי הָאֱלֹהִים Daniel 9:3, אֱלֹהֵינוּ יְהוָה אֲדֹנָי Daniel 9:9, 15, הָאֵל יְהוָה אֲדֹנָי Daniel 9:4 favour taking יְהוָה אֲדֹנָי Daniel 1:2; Daniel 9:7, 8 (יְהוָה ?) Daniel 9:16; Daniel 9:17; Daniel 9:19 as the divine name.

4. אֲדֹנָי יְהוָה

• my Lord Yahweh (see יְהוָה) Genesis 15:2, 8 (JE) Joshua 7:7 (J, omit יְהוָה) Deuteronomy 3:24; Deuteronomy 9:26; Judges 6:22; Judges 16:28; 2 Samuel 7:1 (6 times) 1 Kings 2:26; 1 Kings 8:53; probably Amos 3:7, 8; Amos 7:2, 4, 5; Amos 9:8; Jeremiah 1:6; Jeremiah 4:10; Jeremiah 14:13; Jeremiah 32:17, 25; Ezekiel 4:14; Ezekiel 8:1; Ezekiel 9:6; Ezekiel 11:13; Ezekiel 20:49; Ezekiel 37:3 (יָדַעְתִּי כִּי אַתָּה יְהוָה אֲדֹנָי) Ezekiel 13:9; Ezekiel 23:49; Ezekiel 24:24; Ezekiel 28:24; Ezekiel 29:16 inappropriate in mouth of God; strike out אֲדֹנָי (Co) or read אֱלֹהֵיכֶם יְהוָה (Dalman); Micah 1:2; Zephaniah 1:7; Obadiah 1:1; Zechariah 9:14; Psalm 71:5; Psalm 71:16; Psalm 73:28
• apparently proper name Adonay Yahweh Isaiah 25:8; Jeremiah 44:26; exile Isaiah 40:10 + (10 times, but Isaiah 61:1, 11 read יְהוָה, omit יְהוָה)
• uncertain whether (a) or (b) in prophetic formula אָמַר יְהוָה אֲדֹנָי Isaiah 7:7; Isaiah 28:16; Isaiah 30:15; Isaiah 49:22; Isaiah 51:4; Isaiah 65:13; Jeremiah 7:20; Amos 1:8; Amos 3:11; Amos 5:3; Amos 7:6; Obadiah 1:1; Ezekiel 1:1 (131 times); יְהוָה אֲדֹנָי נְאֻם Isaiah 56:8; Jeremiah 2:22; Amos 3:13; Amos 4:5; Amos 8:3, 9, 11; Ezekiel 1:1 (80 times); יְהוָה אֲדֹנָי דִּבֶּר Ezekiel 6:3; Ezekiel 25:3; Ezekiel 36:4; יְהוָה אֲדֹנָי כֹּה Amos 7:1, 4; Amos 8:1

5. יְהוָה אֲדֹנָי

• Yahweh my Lord Psalm 68:21; Psalm 109:21; Psalm 140:8; Psalm 141:8; Habakkuk 3:9

6. אֲדֹנָי יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת

• my Lord Yahweh of Hosts (see צְבָאוֹת) Psalm 69:7; Amos 9:5; Isaiah 10:23; Isaiah 22:5, 12; compare יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי הַצְּבָאוֹת אֲדֹנָי, Yahweh, the God of Hosts my Lord Amos 5:16
• a divine name, Adonay, Yahweh of Hosts Jeremiah 46:10 (twice in verse); Jeremiah 50:25
• uncertain are צְבָאוֹת יְהוָה אֲדֹנָי כֹּה אָמַר Isaiah 10:24; Isaiah 22:14, 15; נְאֻם יְהוָה אֲדֹנָי צְבָאוֹת Isaiah 3:15; Jeremiah 2:19; Jeremiah 49:5; Jeremiah 50:31

¹ Paul de Lagarde, Bildung der Nomina im Hebräischen und Aramäischen, Göttingen, 1889.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0113:

No stats available

חולי חוּלִי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חול

chûwl

Definition

properly, to twist or whirl (in a circular or spiral manner), i.e. (specifically) to dance, to writhe in pain (especially of parturition) or fear; figuratively, to wait, to pervert

Root

or חיל; a primitive root;

Exhaustive

or חיל; a primitive root; properly, to twist or whirl (in a circular or spiral manner), i.e. (specifically) to dance, to writhe in pain (especially of parturition) or fear; figuratively, to wait, to pervert; bear, (make to) bring forth, (make to) calve, dance, drive away, fall grievously (with pain), fear, form, great, grieve, (be) grievous, hope, look, make, be in pain, be much (sore) pained, rest, shake, shapen, (be) sorrow(-ful), stay, tarry, travail (with pain), tremble, trust, wait carefully (patiently), be wounded.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2342

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חוּל

noun proper • Root חול • Strongs / High • Page 465

I. Proper name of an Aramaean person and an Aramaean district, mentioned along with עוּץ and מַשׂ in Gen. 10:23.

חוּל

verb • Root חול • Strongs / High • Page 466

A verb with multiple meanings in the Kal stem: 1. to turn in a circle, whirl round (e.g., dances). 2. to twist, writhe, be in labor. 3. to revolve, roll along, rage (of a sword). 4. (figurative) to be firm, strong, powerful. 5. to be in a state of mental stretch, to wait, to hope. 6. to encircle, enclose, wall around.

חוּל

proper noun • Root חול • Strongs / High • Page 466

A proper name (Hul).

חוּל

verb • Root חול • Strongs / High • Page 467

1. to whirl oneself, to hurl oneself. 2. to writhe, with pain. 3. to hope, to wait for. (Hithp. II) to be terrified.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חוּל

proper name • Page 218

Proper name of an Aramean country. (Gen. 10:23). Supposed by some to be Cœlesyria.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2342

I. חוּל [חִיל] verb — whirl, dance, writhe.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew חוּל, חִיל
• Aramaic id., dance
• Arabic حال change, turn
• Assyrian ḫîlu writhe in fear (Delitzsch¹)

— Qal Perfect 3 feminine singular חָ֫לָה Micah 1:12 2t.; וְחָלָה֫ consecutive Hosea 11:6; חַלְתִּי Isaiah 23:4; חָ֫לוּ Jeremiah 5:3, Lamentations 4:6; וְחָלוּ֫ Deuteronomy 2:25; חַ֫לְנוּ Isaiah 26:18; Imperfect יָחוּל Jeremiah 23:19, Jeremiah 30:23; 3 feminine singular תָּחוּל Ezekiel 30:16 Qr (Kt תחיל); וַתָּחֹ֑ל Jeremiah 51:29; אחולה Jeremiah 4:19 Kt (Qr אוֺחִילָה, Hiph`il); יָחֻ֫לוּ 2 Samuel 3:29; also יָחִיל Psalm 55:5; וַיָּ֫חֶל 1 Samuel 31:3 = 1 Chronicles 10:3 + Genesis 8:10 (where read probably וַיִּיָּ֫חֶל as Genesis 8:12); 3 feminine singular תָּחִיל Isaiah 26:17 2t.; וַתָּ֑חֶל Psalm 97:4; 2 feminine singular תְּחִלִין Isaiah 45:10; וָחִילוּ Psalm 77:17; וַיָּחִ֫ילוּ Judges 3:25; יְחִילוּן Isaiah 13:8; תָּחִ֫ילוּ Jeremiah 5:22; Imperative feminine singular חוּ֫לִי Micah 4:10, Psalm 114:7; masculine plural חִילוּ Psalm 96:9, 1 Chronicles 16:30; Infinitive construct לָחוּל Judges 21:21, Ezekiel 30:16; Participle feminine singular חוֺלָה Jeremiah 4:31.

1. dance
   • Judges 21:21 (+ בַּמְּחֹלוֺת)
2. twist, writhe:
   • a. in pain, especially childbirth Isaiah 26:17, Isaiah 45:10; metaphor of sea Isaiah 23:4; of Israel Isaiah 26:18, Isaiah 54:1; of Zion Isaiah 66:7–8, Micah 4:10; Jeremiah 4:31.
   • b. figurative, be in severe pain, or anguish followed by מפני Deuteronomy 2:25, Ezekiel 30:16, Psalm 96:9, Jeremiah 5:22; followed by מִלִּפְנֵי 1 Chronicles 16:30, Psalm 114:7; absolute Psalm 55:5, Psalm 77:17, Psalm 97:4, Isaiah 13:8, Jeremiah 51:29, Joel 2:6, Zechariah 9:5; of mountains Habakkuk 3:10.
   • c. in contrition Jeremiah 5:3 (derived from חול by Ewald and others).
   • d. in anxious longing Judges 3:25; followed by לְ Micah 1:12.
3. whirl, whirl about
   • 2 Samuel 3:29 (of blood); Hosea 11:6 (of sword); Lamentations 4:6; of tempest Jeremiah 23:19, Jeremiah 30:23.

— Po`lel Imperfect יְחוֺלֵל Psalm 29:9; 3 feminine singular תְּחוֺלֵל Proverbs 25:23; suffix תְּחוֺלֶלְכֶם Isaiah 51:2; 2 masculine singular תְּחוֺלֵל Job 35:14; וַתְּחוֺלֵל Psalm 90:2; Infinitive construct חֹלֵל Job 39:1; Participle מְחוֺלֵל Proverbs 26:10; מְחֹלֶלְךָ Deuteronomy 32:18; feminine plural מְחֹלְלֶוֺת Judges 21:23.

1. dance
   • Judges 21:23; 1 Samuel 18:6; Psalm 87:7.
2. writhe in travail with, bear, bring forth
   • Of Sarah Isaiah 51:2; of hinds Job 39:1, Psalm 29:9; figurative of producing earth Psalm 90:2; of bringing forth Israel Deuteronomy 32:18; of north wind bringing forth rain Proverbs 25:23; Proverbs 26:10.
3. wait anxiously
   • Followed by לְ Job 35:14.

— Po`lal Perfect חוֺלָ֑לתִּי Psalm 51:7; חוֺלָ֑לְתָּ Job 15:7; Imperfect יְחוֺלָ֑לוּ Job 26:5.

1. be made to writhe
   • Job 26:5 (of the shades).
2. be brought forth
   • Job 15:7, Psalm 51:7; metaphor of wisdom Proverbs 8:24–25.

— Hiph`il Imperfect יָחִיל Psalm 29:8 cause to be in anguish, subject God.

— Hoph`al Imperfect יוּחַל Isaiah 66:8 be born, subject land.

— Hithpo`el 1. Participle מִתְחוֺלֵל whirling Jeremiah 23:19. 2. writhing, suffering torture Job 15:20. 3. Imperative הִתְחוֺלֵל Psalm 37:7 wait longingly for.

— Hithpalpel Imperfect 3 feminine singular וַתִּתְחַלְחַל Esther 4:4 and she writhed in anxiety.

---

II. [חוּל, חִיל] verb — be firm, strong.

Cognates:

• Aramaic Pa`el strengthen, חֵילָא strength
• Palmyrene רב חילא general-in-chief
• Sabean חיל
• Ethiopic ኀይለ be strong
• Assyrian ḫāltu army
• Arabic خيل horses (as strong ones?)

— Qal Imperfect יָחִיל Job 20:21 his prosperity is not firm; יָחִילוּ Psalm 10:5 his ways are always firm (stable, prosperous).

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament (1886).

² D.H. Müller in Zeitschrift für Keilschriftforschung (ZK).

³ Theodor Nöldeke in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

Verb Qal imperative second person feminine singular

LXX: συσσείοντοσ ἐπόνεσαν ἥξει ἐσαλεύθη ὠδῖνασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2342a:

συσσείοντοσ 2× (3.3%)

ἐπόνεσαν 2× (3.3%)

ἥξει 2× (3.3%)

ἐσαλεύθη 2× (3.0%)

ὠδῖνασ 2× (3.0%)

ἐταράχθη 2× (3.0%)

ὤδινεν 2× (3.0%)

ὠδίνουσαν 2× (2.8%)

ἐπόνεσεν 2× (2.8%)

ארץ אָרֶץ

earthly one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ארץ

ʼerets

Definition

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

Root

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm;

Exhaustive

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth (at large, or partitively a land); [idiom] common, country, earth, field, ground, land, [idiom] natins, way, [phrase] wilderness, world.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H776

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

(Not used) To be hard, firm, dense. (Root of the following noun)

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 193

Earth, as firm land i.e. a dense firm mass, in opposition to water. Includes meanings: a) the earth in opposition to heaven; b) earth as an element/material; c) the ground; d) piece of land/field; e) land of habitation or fatherland.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶרֶץ

noun masculine • Page 73

Earth, land. (masc. rarely, Gen. 13: 6; Is. 9: 18).

אֶרֶץ

noun feminine • Page 74

1. earth; also inhabitants of the earth, Gen. 6:11. 11:1. 2. land; e.g. אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם the land of Egypt. Sometimes Palestine, Joel 1:2. 3. jurisdiction of a city. Josh. 8:1. Plur. אֲרָצוֹת lands.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H776

I. אֶרֶץ (approximate number of occurrences: 2407) noun feminine Genesis 10:11 & (seldom) masculine Genesis 13:16 — earth, land.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אֶרֶץ
• Assyrian irṣitu (compare COT Glossary)
• Arabic أرض
• Sabean אֶרֶץ (for example, Osiris 9, DHM ZMG 1875, 594, 614; Semitic Sprachforschung 12, compare Prä BAS i. 374 note)
• Aramaic אַרְעָא, ܐܪܥܐ

— אֶרֶץ absolute Genesis 1:24 +; construct Genesis 2:11 +; אָרֶץ Genesis 1:10 +; with article always הָאָרֶץ Genesis 1:11 +; with הָ locative אַרְצָה Genesis 11:31 +, (this form also in poetry = אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +); suffix אַרְצִי Job 20:15 +; (אַרְצֶנּוּ) אַרְצְכֶם Job 12:1 +, etc.; plural אֲרָצוֹת Jeremiah 28:8 (65 times); construct אַרְצוֹת Ezekiel 39:27 (6 times); suffix אַרְצֹתָם Genesis 10:5 (2 times).

1. Forms and Grammatical Notes

• Absolute: אֶרֶץ — Genesis 1:24 +
• Construct: אַרְצֵי — Genesis 2:11 +
• With article: הָאָרֶץ — Genesis 1:11 +
• Locative: אַרְצָה — Genesis 11:31 + (also in poetry equivalent to אֶרֶץ Job 34:13 +)
• Suffix forms:
  • אַרְצִי — Job 20:15 +
  • אַרְצְכֶם — Job 12:1 +
• Plural:
  • Absolute: אֲרָצוֹת — Jeremiah 28:8 (65 times)
  • Construct: אַרְצוֹת — Ezekiel 39:27 (6 times)
  • Suffix: אַרְצֹתָם — Genesis 10:5 (2 times)

2. Meanings and Uses

a. Earth (whole earth, opposed to a part)

• Genesis 18:18, Genesis 18:25
• Genesis 22:18 (= הָאֲדָמָה Genesis 12:3)
• Jeremiah 25:26, Jeremiah 25:29, Jeremiah 25:30
• Jeremiah 26:6
• Isaiah 37:16, Isaiah 37:20 = 2 Kings 19:15
• 2 Kings 19:19
• Zechariah 4:10, Zechariah 4:14 +

b. Earth, opposed to heaven or sky

• Genesis 1:2
• Exodus 20:4
• Deuteronomy 5:8
• Deuteronomy 30:19
• Judges 5:4
• Lamentations 2:1
• Isaiah 37:16 = 2 Kings 19:15
• Psalm 146:6
• 1 Chronicles 21:16
• 1 Chronicles 29:11
• 2 Chronicles 2:11 +
• As permanent: Ecclesiastes 1:4
• Built on foundations or pillars: 1 Samuel 2:8; Psalm 104:5; Job 38:4; Isaiah 48:13; Isaiah 51:13, Isaiah 51:16
• Compare also: Isaiah 24:18; Psalm 82:5
• Firm, shaking as terrible: 1 Samuel 14:4; 2 Samuel 22:8 = Psalm 18:8; Job 9:6; compare Psalm 46:2 & Psalm 46:6
• Also: Amos 8:8; Isaiah 2:19, Isaiah 2:21; Isaiah 24:18, Isaiah 24:19, Isaiah 24:20; Psalm 60:4; Psalm 77:19; Psalm 99:1; Psalm 114:7
• Hung on nothing: Job 26:7
• With waters under it: Exodus 20:4 = Deuteronomy 5:8; compare Genesis 7:11
• Personified, addressed: Deuteronomy 32:1; Jeremiah 6:19; Jeremiah 22:29; Isaiah 1:2; Micah 1:2; Job 16:18

c. Earth = inhabitants of earth

• Genesis 6:11
• 1 Kings 2:2
• 1 Kings 10:24
• Psalm 33:8
• Psalm 66:4
• תְּהִלַּת כָּל הָאָרֶץ Proverbs 8:31
• Job 37:12

2. Land (country, territory)

• a. Country, territory: שִׁנְעַר הָאָרֶץ Genesis 10:10; מִצְרַיִם הָאָרֶץ Genesis 21:21; compare also Genesis 10:11; Genesis 11:28, Genesis 11:31; Genesis 13:10; Genesis 47:6, Genesis 47:27; Genesis 50:8; Isaiah 7:18; Isaiah 23:1; Isaiah 23:13; Isaiah 27:13; Psalm 78:12; Jeremiah 25:20; 1 Chronicles 1:43; personified Isaiah 62:4; Ecclesiastes 10:16, Ecclesiastes 10:17
• b. District, region: Genesis 19:28; Genesis 22:2; Joshua 11:3; Psalm 42:7
• c. Tribal territory: Deuteronomy 34:2; Judges 21:21; 1 Samuel 9:4, 1 Samuel 9:16; 1 Samuel 13:7; 1 Kings 15:20; Isaiah 8:23; and smaller territories 1 Samuel 9:4, 1 Samuel 9:5
• d. Piece of ground: Genesis 23:15
• e. Specifically land of Canaan or Israel: Genesis 11:31; Genesis 12:1; Genesis 12:5; Genesis 12:6; Genesis 12:7; Genesis 31:3; Exodus 14:34; Deuteronomy 17:14; Deuteronomy 18:9; 2 Kings 5:2, 2 Kings 5:4 +; especially object of יָרַשׁ possess Deuteronomy 3:20 (Deuteronomy, Psalms and elsewhere); so after נָחַל Joshua 19:49 +; נָתַן Deuteronomy 1:21 +
• f. = Inhabitants of land: Leviticus 19:29; Ezekiel 14:13; Deuteronomy 24:4; Zechariah 12:12 etc.
• g. Used of Sheol: Job 10:21, Job 10:22 (compare Assyrian irṣit la târat, land without return, in Descent of Ishtar, see Jeremiah 10:65); see also Psalm 139:15; Isaiah 44:23

3. Ground, surface of ground = אֲדָמָה

• Genesis 1:26, Genesis 1:30
• Genesis 18:2
• Genesis 33:3
• Genesis 38:9
• Exodus 4:3
• Exodus 16:4
• Ruth 2:10
• 1 Samuel 5:4 + very often in Samuel

4. Soil, as productive = אֲדָמָה

• Genesis 1:11, Genesis 1:12
• Leviticus 19:9
• Leviticus 25:9
• Leviticus 26:4; compare Numbers 14:7, Numbers 14:8
• Isaiah 36:7 = 2 Kings 18:32
• Psalm 72:6
• Psalm 72:16
• Psalm 107:34
• Psalm 107:35
• Ezra 9:12
• Nehemiah 9:35

5. Phrases

• a. People of the land: עַם הָאָרֶץ of non-Israelites Genesis 23:7, Genesis 23:12, Genesis 23:13 (P) Numbers 14:9 (JE); as well as Israel Leviticus 20:4 (H) 2 Kings 15:5; 2 Kings 16:15; 2 Kings 21:24 (twice in verse); especially common people, opposed to officials, princes Leviticus 4:27 (P) Ezekiel 7:27; 2 Kings 11:18, 2 Kings 11:19
• b. In measurements of distance: כִּבְרַת הָאָרֶץ the space or distance of country (see כִּבְרָה) Genesis 35:16, so כִּבְרַת אֶרֶץ some distance Genesis 48:7; 2 Kings 5:19
• c. Country of the plain: אֶרֶץ הַמִּישׁוֹר Deuteronomy 4:33; Jeremiah 48:21; מִישׁוֹר הָאָרֶץ figurative Psalm 143:10 (but read אֹרַח according to Bi, Gr, Che, compare Psalm 27:11)
• d. Land of the living: חַיִּים הָאָרֶץ Psalm 27:13; הַחַיִּים הָאָרֶץ Psalm 142:6
• e. Ends of the earth: קְצֵה הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 42:10; Isaiah 43:6 (|| רָחוֹק) Psalm 135:7; Proverbs 17:24, so אַפְסֵי אֶרֶץ Proverbs 30:4 +; קְצוֹת הָאָרֶץ Isaiah 40:28; Isaiah 41:5, Isaiah 41:9

6. Plural אֲרָצוֹת

The plural אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late, Jeremiah 16:15 (6 times Jeremiah); 23 times Ezekiel; Isaiah 36:20; Isaiah 37:11 = 2 Kings 18:35; 2 Kings 19:11 (Isaiah 37:18 read הַגּוֹיִם see Che Di & compare 2 Kings 19:17); 22 times Chronicles; Daniel 9:7; Daniel 11:40, Daniel 11:42; Psalm 105:44; Psalm 106:27; Psalm 107:3; Psalm 116:9; besides these only P Genesis 10:5, Genesis 10:20, Genesis 10:31; Leviticus 26:36, Leviticus 26:39, except Genesis 26:3, Genesis 26:4 (J R) Genesis 41:54 (JE); it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc., see especially absolute Ezekiel 20:32; Ezekiel 22:4; = the various petty divisions of Canaan afterward united under Israel's control Genesis 26:3, Genesis 26:4, compare 1 Chronicles 13:2 אַרְצוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל, 2 Chronicles 11:23 אַרְצוֹת יְהוּדָה.

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

³ t. times (following a number).

⁴ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁵ ? Sign of doubt.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ P Priests' Code / Narrative.

⁸ JE Jehovist-Elohist Source.

⁹ H Holiness Code.

¹⁰ R Redactor.

¹¹ Bi G. Bickell.

¹² Gr G. Gesenius.

¹³ Che T. K. Cheyne.

¹⁴ Di A. Dillmann.

¹⁵ DHM D. H. Müller.

¹⁶ ZMG Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft.

¹⁷ BAS Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft.

¹⁸ COT Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0776:

No stats available

מלפני מִ֝לִּפְנֵ֗י

from to the faces

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

פנים

pânîym

Definition

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)

Root

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from H6437 (פנה));

Exhaustive

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from פנה); the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.); [phrase] accept, a-(be-) fore(-time), against, anger, [idiom] as (long as), at, [phrase] battle, [phrase] because (of), [phrase] beseech, countenance, edge, [phrase] employ, endure, [phrase] enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, [idiom] him(-self), [phrase] honourable, [phrase] impudent, [phrase] in, it, look(-eth) (-s), [idiom] me, [phrase] meet, [idiom] more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), [idiom] on, open, [phrase] out of, over against, the partial, person, [phrase] please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, [phrase] regard, right forth, [phrase] serve, [idiom] shewbread, sight, state, straight, [phrase] street, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them(-selves), through ([phrase] -out), till, time(-s) past, (un-) to(-ward), [phrase] upon, upside ([phrase] down), with(-in, [phrase] -stand), [idiom] ye, [idiom] you.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6440

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פָּנִים

m. pl. • Root פנה • Strongs / High • Page 1177

Properly the visible, external side. 1. The upper surface, superficies (of earth, water, covering); outside, aspect. 2. The face (the visible part, often as a collective idea).

פָּנִים

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1178

Face, countenances, presence, visibility. Used idiomatically for proximity (without delay), the front (of a thing), direction, look, mien (serenity, sadness); also used reflexively for the personal pronoun ('I myself').

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פָּנִים

noun masculine plural • Page 546

1. A face, countenance (Ezek. 1:6, Gen. 32:31). 2. Appearance, looks (1 Sam. 1:18, Job 9:27). 3. Surface, facies, superficies (Gen. 2:6, Is. 14:21, Job 38:30). 4. The front or forepart, as in an army (Joel 2:20, Ezek. 2:10, Deut. 2:10). 5. Equivalent to פֶּה a mouth or edge (Ecc. 10:10). 6. A person, personal presence (Ex. 33:14, 2 Sam. 17:11, Lam. 4:16). 7. Combined with prepositions, especially לִפְנֵי (before, in space or time, east of, or against).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6440

I. מָּנֶה (approximate number of occurrences: 2123) noun masculine¹ and feminine — face, also faces (as turned toward one).

— plural absolute מָּנִים Genesis 32:31 +; construct מְּנֵי 2 Samuel 14:32 +; suffix 1 singular מָּנַי Genesis 43:3 +; 3 masculine singular מָּנָיו Genesis 4:5 +, מָּנֵי֑מוֺ Psalm 11:7 (König²); 2 masculine plural מְּנֵיכֶם Genesis 40:7 +, etc.; — usually with verb plural, Genesis 4:5, 6; Exodus 33:14 +; with verb singular Lamentations 4:16 (through influence of intervening י׳, GKC³ § 146a).

1. Face, faces

a. Literally, of man

• Genesis 43:31; 2 Samuel 19:5; 1 Kings 19:13; Leviticus 13:14; Daniel 8:18; Daniel 10:9, 15 +
• Pale (from alarm) Isaiah 29:22; flushed Isaiah 13:8; tearful Isaiah 25:8
• Sad רעים פ׳ Genesis 40:7; רֹעַ פ׳ Ecclesiastes 7:8
• Fallen (in displeasure) נָָֽפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ Genesis 4:5, 6

b. Of God

• Exodus 33:20, compare Exodus 33:23

c. Face to face (seeing God)

• מָּנִים אֶל־מָּֿנִים Genesis 32:31; Judges 6:22
• בְּפ׳ פ׳ Deuteronomy 5:4; נִתְרֶאֶה פָנִים (meet in battle) 2 Kings 14:8, 11

d. Relations with God

• הֵרִים פ׳ (in worship) Ezra 9:6
• Spiritual sense Jeremiah 2:27; מָּנָה אֵלַי עֹרֶף וְלֹא פָנִים Jeremiah 32:33
• קְשֵׁי פָנִים Ezekiel 2:4

2. Presence, person

a. Of God

• Exodus 33:14, 15; בְּפָנָיו Deuteronomy 4:37; מַלְאַךְ מָּנָיו Isaiah 63:9
• לֶחֶם הַמָּנִים (showbread)

b. Appear before, in one’s presence

• King: Exodus 10:28–29 (Jehovist Source); 2 Samuel 14:24, 28, 32
• God: Job 33:26; Psalm 11:7; Psalm 17:15

3. Celestial and animal faces

• Seraphim Isaiah 6:2; Cherubim Exodus 25:20; Ezekiel 1:8, 11
• Animals: מְּנֵי הַצּאֹן Genesis 30:40; Ezekiel 1:10; מִּתְחֵי פ׳ (of crocodile) Job 41:6

4. Surface or Front

• Of ground (הָאֲדָמָה) Genesis 2:6; Genesis 4:14; Psalm 104:30
• Of earth (הָאָרֶץ) Genesis 1:29; Genesis 7:3; Genesis 11:4
• Of water Genesis 1:2; Genesis 7:18
• Of house / gate Ezekiel 41:14; Ezekiel 47:1; Ezekiel 40:6
• Battle-front מְּנֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה 2 Samuel 10:9
• Edge (front) of sword Ezekiel 21:21; of axe Ecclesiastes 10:10

5. Adverbial uses

• Location: מִמָּנִים וּמֵאָחוֺר (before and behind) 2 Samuel 10:9
• Temporal: לְפָנִים (formerly) Deuteronomy 2:12; Joshua 11:10; Judges 1:10
• From beforetime מִלְּפָנִים Isaiah 41:26

6. With Prepositions

1. אֶל־מְּנֵי
   • To the presence of Exodus 23:17; 2 Chronicles 19:2
   • To the front of Leviticus 6:7; Numbers 17:8
   • On to the surface of Leviticus 14:53; Ezekiel 16:5
2. אֶת־מְּנֵי
   • Presence of 1 Samuel 2:11; 1 Kings 12:6
   • Specifically of God Genesis 19:13; Exodus 34:23–24
   • In front of Genesis 33:18; Leviticus 4:6
3. בִּפְנֵי
   • In the face of (hostile) Numbers 12:14; Deuteronomy 7:24; Joshua 10:8
   • Against (evidence) Hosea 5:5; Job 16:8
4. לִפְנֵי (The most general word for before)
   • Under the eye of Deuteronomy 25:2; 1 Samuel 3:1
   • In view of Genesis 6:13; Lamentations 1:22
   • At disposal of Genesis 13:9; Genesis 47:6
   • In estimation of Genesis 7:1; Proverbs 14:12
   • Of time Amos 1:1; Genesis 29:26
5. מִלִּפְנֵי
   • From the presence of Genesis 41:46; Genesis 4:6
   • Source or cause (chiefly late) 1 Samuel 18:12; Ecclesiastes 3:14
6. מִמְּנֵי
   • Because of, for fear of Judges 9:21; 1 Samuel 23:26; Genesis 3:8
   • At the presence of Exodus 9:30; Psalm 68:3
7. עַל־מְּנֵי
   • In front of Psalm 18:43; Genesis 32:22
   • To one's face (defiantly) Job 1:11; Job 6:28
   • Localities (East of) 1 Kings 11:7; Genesis 16:12
   • Surface Genesis 1:2; Exodus 16:14
8. מֵעַל־מְּנֵי
   • From before the face of Genesis 23:3; 1 Kings 9:7
   • From off the surface of Genesis 4:14; Amos 9:8

¹ Proverbs 25:23.

² Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

⁴ Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae hebraeae et chaldaeae Veteris Testamenti (1829-1858).

Prep-M, Preposition, Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: προσώπου πρόσωπον ἐναντίον ἐνώπιον ἔναντι

LXX Usage Statistics

H6440:

προσώπου 450× (19.3%)

πρόσωπον 321× (14.0%)

ἐναντίον 190× (9.5%)

ἐνώπιον 176× (8.9%)

ἔναντι 157× (7.9%)

πρόσωπόν 105× (4.6%)

ἔμπροσθεν 82× (4.0%)

ἐνώπιόν 48× (2.4%)

--- 45× (2.3%)

'' 43× (1.8%)

אלוה אֱלוֹהַּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אלוה

ʼĕlôwahh

Definition

a deity or the Deity

Root

rarely (shortened) אלה; probably prolonged (emphatic) from H410 (אל);

Exhaustive

rarely (shortened) אלה; probably prolonged (emphatic) from אל; a deity or the Deity; God, god. See אלהים.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H433

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֱלוֹהַ

noun masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 135

Singular noun for God. Prevails in the poetical books (especially Job) and late prose. Cognate with Aramaic אֱלָהּ (Elah), Samaritan אָלָה, and Arabic إِله (Ilah/Allah).

אֱלוֹהַּ

noun masculine • Root אל • Lemma_Lookup • Page 134

God; synonymous with אֵל. Applied to: a) heathen gods (e.g., god of fortresses), b) the most high and true God.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֱלוֹהַּ

m. prim. dec. i. • Root אלה • Page 51

God; to fear, reverence. Spoken by way of eminence of Jehovah, but also of other gods. Ref: Dan. 11:37-39; Neh. 9:17; 2 Chr. 32:15; Deut. 32:15, 17; Job 3:4; 4:9, etc.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H433

I. אֱלֹהַּ (approximate number of occurrences: 57) noun masculine — god, God.

Cognates:

• Samaritan id. (same)
• Aramaic אֱלָהּ
• Syriac ܐܠܗܐ
• Arabic إله
• Sabean אלה (D. H. Müller¹)

(אֱלֹהַּ as found in Hebrew probably a singular formed by inference from plural אֱלֹהִים: compare E. Nestle²).

1. heathen god, late usage:
   • 2 Chronicles 32:15
   • Daniel 11:37
   • Habakkuk 1:11 (suffix לְאֱלֹהָו)
   • 2 Kings 17:31 (but Qere אֱלֹהָי)
   • Job 12:6 (H. Ewald, A. Dillmann, Revised Version margin, etc.)
2. God, used in ancient poems Deuteronomy 32:15, Deuteronomy 32:17; Psalm 18:32, and on their basis an archaism in later poetry Job 3:4 + (41 times in Job), Psalm 50:22; Psalm 114:7; Psalm 139:19; Proverbs 30:5; Isaiah 44:8; Habakkuk 3:3; Nehemiah 9:17 (citing Exodus 34:6 where אֵל is used).

¹ D. H. Müller, l.c. (in the place cited).

² E. Nestle, l.c. (in the place cited).

Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0433:

No stats available

יעקב יַעֲקֹב׃

Heel-Chaser

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יעקב

Yaʻăqôb

Definition

Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarch

Root

from H6117 (עקב); heel-catcher (i.e. supplanter);

Exhaustive

from עקב; heel-catcher (i.e. supplanter); Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarch; Jacob.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3290

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יַעֲקֹב

noun proper masculine • Root עקב • Strongs / High • Page 627

Heel-holder, cunning one, deceiver; or more correctly, successor, one born after. A proper name for the Jewish patriarch (Jacob), and by extension for the Jewish people, and the kingdoms of Israel and Judah.

יַעֲקֹב

proper name • Root עקב • Strongs / High • Page 1124

The proper name Jacob.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יַעֲקֹב

noun masculine • Page 291

holding the heel, supplanting; proper name of the second son of Isaac and progenitor of the Israelites. Gen. 25: 26; 27: 36; Hos. 12: 4. Spoken of the Israelitish people, the Israelites. Ps. 20: 2.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3290

I. יַעֲקֹב, יַעֲקוֹב (approximate number of occurrences: 349) proper name, masculine and of a people — Jacob.

Cognates:

• Greek Ιακωβ
• Egyptian Y±kb'ara
• Assyrian Ya±‡ubilu
• Palmyrene בלעקב, עתעקב

— יַעֲקוֹב Jeremiah 30:18 (5 times); יַעֲקֹב Genesis 25:26 (215 times in Hexateuch, chiefly Yahwist and Elohist Sources¹; 180 times in Genesis, once Leviticus, etc.), 34 times in Psalms, 42 times in Isaiah (27 times chapters 40–66), etc.

Son of Isaac and Rebekah, father of tribes of Israel (explanation from עָקֵב heel Genesis 25:26; Hosea 12:4; i.e. supplanter; compare with עָקַב overreach Genesis 27:36; one closely following according to Lagarde²; connection with Palestinian city called in Egyptian Y±kb'ara is obscure³; compare Meyer⁴, Jensen⁵; see also Babylonian name Ya±‡ubilu, Pinches in Hommel⁶; hence OT יַעֲקֹב perhaps originally יעקבקל or the like).

1. As proper name, masculine

• Genesis 25:26 205 times (+ אַבְרָהָם, יִצְחָק 19 times)
• בֵּית יַעֲקֹב house of Jacob, of people (see בַּיִת 5d (γ))
• בְּנֵי יַעֲקֹב sons of Jacob (see בֵּן 1j (β))
• זֶרַע יַעֲקֹב seed of Jacob (see זֶרַע 4f)
• עֵין יַעֲקֹב (see עַיִן)

2. As proper name, of a people

(c. 100 times; poetry and prophets):

• Numbers 24:5, 19
• Deuteronomy 32:9
• Psalm 44:5
• Isaiah 10:21
• Isaiah 17:4
• Jeremiah 10:25
• Jeremiah 30:7 +
• Parallel with יִשְׂרָאֵל Numbers 23:7; Deuteronomy 33:10; Isaiah 14:1; Psalm 14:7 + approx. 35 times

a. Specifically of Northern Israel

• Amos 7:2, 5
• Hosea 12:13 (+ Hosea 10:11; Hosea 12:3 probably)
• Micah 1:5 (twice in verse)
• Isaiah 9:7

b. Of Judah

• Micah 3:1, 8
• Obadiah 10
• Isaiah 65:9
• Malachi 2:12 + al. post-exilic

c. In Divine Titles

• גְּאוֺן יַעֲקֹב (see גָּאוֺן)
• אֵל יַעֲקֹב Psalm 146:5
• אֱלוֺהַּ יַעֲקֹב Psalm 114:7
• אֱלֹהֵי יַעֲקֹב 2 Samuel 23:1; Isaiah 2:3 = Micah 4:2; 9 times in Psalms
• אֱלֹהֵי יַעֲקֹב Psalm 24:6 (for MT יַעֲקֹב alone), so LXX, Syriac, Vulgate, and others
• קְדוֺשׁ יַעֲקֹב Isaiah 29:23 ("" אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל)
• מֶלֶךְ יַעֲקֹב Isaiah 41:21 ("" יהוה)

¹ Yahwist (J) and Elohist (E) Sources.

² Paul de Lagarde, Bildung der Nomina (BN), 1889, p. 127.

³ On יַעֲקֹב see especially S. R. Driver in Hastings’ Dictionary of the Bible (DB), ii. 526 ff.

⁴ Eduard Meyer, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) vi. 1 ff.

⁵ P. Jensen, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie (ZA) x (1895-6), 347 ff.

⁶ Fritz Hommel, Ancient Hebrew Tradition (AHT), pp. 61, 96, 112.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: ιακωβ --- ισραηλ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3290:

ιακωβ 333× (96.1%)

--- 4× (1.2%)

ισραηλ 4× (1.1%)

'' 4× (1.0%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
From the face of Jehovah tremble thou earth; from the face of the God of Jacob;

LITV Translation:
Tremble, O earth, from the face of the Lord, from the face of the God of Jacob;

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Return to thy rest, O my soul; For the Lord has dealt bountifully with thee.