Psalms 104:11

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ישקו יַ֭שְׁקוּ

they are coursing to and fro

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שקה

shâqâh

Definition

to quaff, i.e. (causatively) to irrigate or furnish apotion to

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to quaff, i.e. (causatively) to irrigate or furnish apotion to; cause to (give, give to, let, make to) drink, drown, moisten, water. See שכר, שתה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8248

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁקָה

verb • Root שקה • Strongs / High • Page 1476

To drink (like the Hif. form); Aramaic שְׁקֵי is related to שָׁתָה.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁקָה

verb • Page 697

to drink. In Kal not used. Hiph. to make to drink, to water; e. g. cattle, Gen. 24:46, a country, Gen. 2:6. Niph. Amos 8:8 Keth. Pu. to be watered, moistened. Job 21:24.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8248

[שָׁקָה] verb Hiph`il — cause to drink water, give to drink.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew Hiph`il id.
• Arabic سقى (I. *give to drink*)
• Sabean סקי (*be irrigated*<sup>1</sup>), מסקי (*drinks*<sup>2</sup>), מסתקין (id.<sup>3</sup>)
• Ethiopic ሰቀየ (*water, irrigate*)
• Assyrian šaqû (I. = Hebrew Hiph`il)
• Aramaic שְׁקָא, Aph`el

— for Qal see שָׁתָה; — *Perfect* 3 masculine singular consecutive וְהִשְׁקָה Genesis 2:6 +; suffix וְהִשְׁקָהּ Numbers 5:27; 2 masculine singular consecutive וְהִשְׁקִיתָ Numbers 20:8 +; 1 singular consecutive וְהִשְׁקֵיתִי Ezekiel 32:6, etc.; *Imperfect* 3 masculine singular יַשְׁקֶה Numbers 5:26, וַיַּשְׁקְ Genesis 29:10 +, etc.; *Imperative* masculine singular suffix הַשְׁקִ֫הוּ Proverbs 25:21; feminine singular suffix הַשְׁקֹ֫ינִי Genesis 24:43 +; *Infinitive construct* הַשְׁקוֺת Genesis 2:10 +, suffix הַשְׁקֹתוֺ Genesis 24:19; *Participle* מַשְׁקֶה Psalm 104:13, construct Habakkuk 2:15 (see also I., II. מַשְׁקֶה).

1. Water, irrigate (ground)

• Subject mist Genesis 2:6, river Genesis 2:10 (both Yahwist Source), spring Joel 4:18
• Subject יהוה Isaiah 27:3 (+ כֶּרֶם), Ezekiel 17:7 (+ גֶּפֶן), both in figure
• figurative also Ezekiel 32:6 water land מִדָּם
• Literal with מִן of source Psalm 104:13 (+ הָרִים)
• Subject man Ecclesiastes 2:6 (+ יַעַר)

2. Water, give drink to

a. Of animals

• Genesis 24:14, 46 (twice in verse)
• Genesis 29:2 (with מִן of source), Genesis 29:3, Genesis 29:7, Genesis 29:8, Genesis 29:10
• Exodus 2:16, 17, 19 (all Yahwist Source)
• Psalm 104:11 (subject springs)

b. Of persons

• Genesis 21:19 (Elohist Source), Genesis 24:18, 19, 45 (Yahwist Source)
• Habakkuk 2:15 (figurative)
• Isaiah 43:20 (יהוה subject), Psalm 78:15 (id.)
• 2 Chronicles 28:15, with בְּ of vessel Esther 1:7
• With accusative of person and animal Numbers 20:8 (Priestly Code)

c. Double accusative (give one something to drink)

• Amos 2:12; Genesis 19:32, 33, 34, 35; Genesis 24:43 (all Yahwist Source)
• Judges 4:19; 1 Samuel 30:11; 2 Samuel 23:15 = 1 Chronicles 11:15
• Job 22:7; compare Songs 8:2 (+ מִיַּיִן)
• figurative Jeremiah 8:14; 9:14; 16:7; 23:15; 25:15; Psalm 69:22
• Compare וְנַחַל עֲדָנֶיךָ תַשְׁקֵם Psalm 36:9, and וַתַּשְׁקֵ֫מוֺ בִּדְמָעוֺת Psalm 80:6

d. Accusative of thing omitted

• Literal Judges 4:19; Exodus 32:20 (Elohist Source)
• figurative Jeremiah 25:17

Pu`al

Imperfect 3 masculine singular וּמֹחַ עַצְמוֺתָיו יְשֻׁקֶּה Job 21:24 the marrow of his bones is watered (refreshed, invigorated).

— נשׁקה Amos 8:8 see שׁקע.

¹ Fell, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG), liv (1900), 246.

² Fritz Hommel, Chrestomathie, 124.

³ David Heinrich Müller, Hofmuseum, No. 1, l. 7.

Verb Hiphil imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: ἐπότισεν ποτιῶ ποτιεῖ ποτίσαι ποτιεῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8248:

ἐπότισεν 10× (13.7%)

ποτιῶ 6× (9.0%)

ποτιεῖ 5× (7.4%)

ποτίσαι 4× (5.8%)

ποτιεῖσ 4× (5.6%)

πότισόν 3× (4.7%)

ἐπότισαν 3× (4.5%)

ἡμᾶσ 3× (3.6%)

αὐτοὺσ 3× (3.3%)

ποτιοῦσιν 2× (3.2%)

כל כָּל־

all

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כל

kôl

Definition

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

Root

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל);

Exhaustive

or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3605

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֹּל

noun / masculine • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 695

Properly 'all, whole, totality'. 1. Used adjectivally to mean 'all' or 'the whole of', as in 'all the earth'. 2. Describes a plurality of individual persons or things, translated as 'all'.

כֹּל

substantive / adverb • Root כלל • Strongs / High • Page 696

A substantive meaning all, the whole, every, any. When used with a negative, it means none at all. It can also function as an adverb meaning wholly or altogether.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֹּל

chald. • Page 316

Same as Hebrew (all, every). Often appears with Makkeph as -כֹּל. References: Dan. 2:40, 4:9, 18, 25.

כֹּל

m. verbal • Root כלל • Page 315

A substantive meaning 'all', 'the whole', or 'totality'. Frequently used as an adjective (Jer. 33:8). 1. all. 2. every one.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3605

I. כֹּל (approximate number of occurrences: 5415) noun masculine — the whole, all (once כּוֹל Jeremiah 33:8 Kt.).

Cognates:

• Moabite, Phoenician id.
• Aramaic כּוּל, כֹּל
• Arabic كل
• Sabean כל (compare DHM¹)
• Ethiopic ኩሉ
• Assyrian kullatu

— כֹּל absolute; construct כֹּל Genesis 2:5, Genesis 2:16, Genesis 2:20; כֹּל־ Psalm 138:2; more usually כָּל־ (with makkaph: without it, Psalm 35:10; Proverbs 19:7; Kö²); suffix 2 masculine singular in pause כֻּלָּךְ Micah 2:12; 2 feminine singular כֻּלֵּךְ Isaiah 14:29, Isaiah 14:31, כֻּלָּךְ Isaiah 22:1; Song of Solomon 4:7; 3 masculine singular כֻּלֹּה 2 Samuel 2:9 (Dr³) + 17 times, כֻּלּוֹ Genesis 25:25 + 16 times; 3 feminine singular כֻּלָּהּ Genesis 13:10 + 15 times, כֻּלָּא Ezekiel 36:5; 1 plural כֻּלָּנוּ (16 times); 2 plural כֻּלְּכֶם (18 times); 3 masculine plural כֻּלָּם (often), כּוּלָּם Jeremiah 31:34, כֻּלָּ֑הַם 2 Samuel 23:6 (and Jeremiah 15:10 כֻּלְּהֶם); 3 feminine plural כֻּלָּ֫נָה Genesis 42:36; Proverbs 31:29; כֻּלָּֽהְנָה 1 Kings 7:37.

1. With following Genitive

a. The whole of, all, every

• Genesis 2:2 כָּל־צְבָאָם (the whole of their host)
• Genesis 2:13 כָּל־אֶרֶץ כּוּשׁ (the whole of the land of Kush)
• כָּל־הַלַּיְלָה (the whole of the night)
• כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל (the whole of Israel)
• Deuteronomy 4:29 בְּכָל־לְבָֽבְךָ (with all thy heart)
• With plural nouns: Genesis 5:5 כל־ימי אדם (all the days of Adam); Genesis 37:35 כל־בניו (all his sons); Isaiah 2:2 כל־הגוים (all the nations); Genesis 43:9 כל הימים (continually)
• In poetry, noun may be undetermined: כָּל־יָדַיִם (every hand) Isaiah 13:7; Jeremiah 48:37; Ezekiel 21:12; כל־פנים (every face) Isaiah 25:8

b. Followed by singular, understood collectively

• Genesis 1:21 את כל נפשׁ החיה (every living soul)
• Genesis 2:9 כל עץ נחמד (every kind of tree)
• Genesis 6:12 כָּל־בָּשָׂר (all flesh)
• Numbers 12:3; Judges 16:17 כל האדם (the whole of mankind)
• Exodus 1:22 כל־הבן (all the sons)
• In late Hebrew: בְּכָל־דּוֹר וָדוֹר Psalm 45:18; Esther 9:28; בכל־עיר ועיר 2 Chronicles 11:12

c. Genitive as a relative sentence

• Introduced by אשׁר: Genesis 1:31 את כל אשׁר עשׂה (all that he had made); Joshua 1:7 בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ (wheresoever thou goest)
• Rarely with ellipse of relative: Genesis 39:4 וְכָל־יֶשׁ־לוֹ; Psalm 71:18 לְכָל־יָבוֹא

d. Idiomatic use with suffixes

• Placing suffix after the word qualified: 2 Samuel 2:9 יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלֹּה (Israel, all of it); Isaiah 14:29 פלשׁת כלך (Philistia, all of thee!)
• Suffix of 3ms used for the mass: Exodus 14:7 עַל־כֻּלּוֹ (upon all of them); Psalm 29:9 כֻּלּוֹ אֹמֵר כָּבוֹד (every one says, Glory!)

e. Affirming or denying of an entire class (any/none)

• Comparative: Genesis 3:1 מכל חית השׂדה (than any beast of the field)
• With negative (none): Exodus 12:16 כל־מלאכה לא יעשׂה (no work shall be done); Psalm 143:2 כי לא־יצדק לפניך כל־חי (for no living thing is righteous before thee)

f. Anomalous gender

feminine very anomalously, severed from its Genitive: 2 Samuel 1:9 כִּי־כָל־עוֹד נַפְשִׁי בִי; Job 27:3; Hosea 14:3 כָּל־תִּשָּׂא עָוֺן.

2. Absolutely

a. Without the article (all things, all)

• Genesis 9:3 את כֹּל; Genesis 16:12 וְיַד כֹּל בּוֹ; Numbers 11:6 אֵין כֹּל (there is nothing)
• Isaiah 44:24 עשֶֹׁה כֹּל (maker of all things); Proverbs 16:4
• As Comprehensive Genitive: Ezekiel 44:30 כָּל־בִּכּוּרֵי כֹל

b. With article (הַכֹּל)

• Referring to things just mentioned: Exodus 29:24 ושׂמת הַכֹּל; Leviticus 1:9; 1 Samuel 30:19 הַכֹּל השׁיב דוד
• In wider sense (the universe, to pan): Jeremiah 10:16 כי יוצר הַכֹּל הוא; Psalm 103:19
• In Ecclesiastes (often): Ecclesiastes 1:2; Ecclesiastes 12:8 הַכֹּל הֶבֶל

Aramaic

I. כֹּל, כָּל־ noun masculine the whole, all (Biblical Hebrew כֹּל).

1. The whole of, all
   • כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל Daniel 2:12
   • כל־מלכותא Daniel 6:4
   • suffix 3 masculine plural כָּלְּהוֹן Daniel 2:38; Daniel 7:19
2. With a singular noun, understood collectively (every, any, none)
   • Daniel 3:29 דִּי כָל־עַם (that every people)
   • Daniel 6:8 מִן־כָּל־אֱלָה (of any god)
   • Daniel 2:10 כל־מלך... לא (no king)
   • כָּל־דִּי (whoever/whatever) Daniel 6:8; Ezra 7:23
3. Emphatic כֹּלָּא (absolutely, all things)
   • Daniel 2:40 חָשֵׁל כֹּלָּא (crushing all things)
   • Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18 וּמָזוֹן לְכֹלָּא־בֵהּ
   • Daniel 4:25 כֹּלָּא מְטָא (all came upon...)

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien (1889).

² Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

³ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel (1890).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πάντα πᾶσ πάντεσ πᾶν πάντασ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3605:

πάντα 921× (17.0%)

πᾶσ 451× (8.4%)

πάντεσ 441× (8.4%)

πᾶν 351× (6.5%)

πάντασ 297× (5.6%)

πᾶσαν 267× (4.9%)

πάντων 242× (4.4%)

πάσασ 230× (4.4%)

--- 227× (4.5%)

πᾶσα 214× (4.0%)

חיתו חַיְתוֹ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חי

chay

Definition

alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether literally or figuratively

Root

from H2421 (חיה);

Exhaustive

from חיה; alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether literally or figuratively; [phrase] age, alive, appetite, (wild) beast, company, congregation, life(-time), live(-ly), living (creature, thing), maintenance, [phrase] merry, multitude, [phrase] (be) old, quick, raw, running, springing, troop.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2416

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חַי

noun masculine • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 477

I. (abridged from חָיָה) 1. abstract: the power of life, life, vital energy; health as a salutation. 2. concrete: a living one, living thing, remaining, enduring. 3. thorn-bush, thorn-copse. 4. race, tribe, people, family.

חַי

adjective • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 477

II. (properly a participle of חָיָה) 1. living. 2. living again, reviving, becoming young again.

חַי

substantive • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

As a substantive: a living person or thing; living, i.e. living men; the earth inhabited by men.

חַי

aramaic adj. and subst. m. (aramaic) • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

Aramaic adjective and substantive for 'living'.

חַי

noun / masculine • Root חיה • Strongs / High • Page 478

An abridged form from חַיָּה; life, state, existence.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חַי

adjective • Root חיה • Page 224

1. as an adj. living, lively. Gen. 3: 20. 2. fresh, flowing, spoken of water. Gen. 26: 19. 3. raw, fresh, spoken of flesh. 1 Sam. 2: 15. 4. reviving, living again. Gen. 18: 10. 5. as a subst. life. Lev. 25: 36. Often used in formulas of swearing (e.g., as Jehovah liveth).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2416

I. חַי adjective — alive, living.

— חַי Genesis 25:6 +; חָ֑י Genesis 3:20 +, חֵי Amos 8:14 (15 times) (Ewald¹ explains as construct, but Gesenius² and others as contracted absolute); feminine חַיָּה Genesis 1:20 +; plural חַיִּים Psalm 116:9 +.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Of God

As the living one, the fountain of life:

• אֵל חַי Joshua 3:10 (Jehovist Source), Hosea 2:1; Psalm 42:3; Psalm 84:3
• אלהים חי 2 Kings 19:4, 16 = Isaiah 37:4, 17
• אלהים חיים Deuteronomy 5:23; 1 Samuel 17:26, 36; Jeremiah 10:10; Jeremiah 23:36
• חי יהוה Yahweh is living Psalm 18:47 = 2 Samuel 22:47
• The formula of the oath is חַי יהוה Judges 8:19; Ruth 3:13; 1 Samuel 14:39, 45; 1 Samuel 19:6; 1 Samuel 20:21; 1 Samuel 25:34; 1 Samuel 26:10, 16; 1 Samuel 28:10; 1 Samuel 29:6; 2 Samuel 4:9; 2 Samuel 12:5; 2 Samuel 14:11; 2 Samuel 15:21; 1 Kings 1:29; 1 Kings 2:24; 1 Kings 17:1, 12; 1 Kings 18:10; 1 Kings 22:14; 2 Chronicles 18:13; 2 Kings 5:16, 20; Hosea 4:15; Jeremiah 4:2; Jeremiah 5:2; Jeremiah 12:16; Jeremiah 16:14–15; Jeremiah 23:7–8; Jeremiah 38:16
• Used by God Himself: חי אנכי Deuteronomy 32:40; חי אני Numbers 14:21, 28 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 49:18; Jeremiah 22:24; Jeremiah 46:18; Ezekiel 5:11; Ezekiel 14:16, 18, 20; Ezekiel 16:48; Ezekiel 17:16, 19; Ezekiel 18:3; Ezekiel 20:3, 31, 33; Ezekiel 33:11, 27; Ezekiel 34:8; Ezekiel 35:6, 11; Zephaniah 2:9
• בְּחֵי הָעֹולָם by him who liveth for ever Daniel 12:7

b. Of man

• אָדָם חַי a living man Lamentations 3:39; חי חי Isaiah 38:19
• הַחַי collective Ecclesiastes 7:2
• Usually plural חיים alive, living Numbers 16:30, 33 (Jehovist Source); Numbers 17:13 (Priests' Code); Deuteronomy 4:4; Psalm 55:16; Proverbs 1:12
• אֶרֶץ הַחַיִים land of the living Isaiah 38:11; Jeremiah 11:19; Psalm 27:13
• In the oath by life of men חֵי is pointed always חֵי: חֵי אדני המלך 2 Samuel 15:21; חֵי פרעה Genesis 42:15–16 (Elohist Source); חֵי נַפְשְׁךָ 1 Samuel 1:26

c. Of animals

• Ox Exodus 21:35; Goat Leviticus 16:10 (Priests' Code)
• לְכֶלֶב חַי הוּא טוֺב מִן הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת Ecclesiastes 9:4 (compare Arabic proverb Kelb ḥei wa-lâ meijit)
• בשׂר חי living, raw flesh Leviticus 13:10; 1 Samuel 2:15

d. Animals and man, phrases for either or both

• כל ח Genesis 3:20; Genesis 8:21 (Jehovist Source); Job 12:10; Psalm 145:16
• נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Genesis 1:20, 24 (Priests' Code); Genesis 2:7, 19 (Jehovist Source)

e. Of vegetation and water

• (Dubious) Of vegetation, as thorns, green Psalm 58:10
• feminine Of water, flowing, fresh: מים חיים Genesis 26:19 (Jehovist Source); Leviticus 14:5; Jeremiah 2:13; Zechariah 14:8

2. (Dubious) Lively, active

• אישׁ חַי an active man 2 Samuel 23:20 (but Qere אישׁ חַיִל preferred)
• איבי חיים mine enemies are lively Psalm 38:20

3. Reviving

• כָּעֵת חַיָּה at the time of reviving, the spring Genesis 18:10, 14 (Jehovist Source); 2 Kings 4:16–17

---

II. [חַי] noun masculine — kinsfolk.

Cognates:

• Arabic حي a group of families united by vital ties (Robertson Smith³)

— plural suffix חַיַּי 1 Samuel 18:18, incorrectly pointed with interpretation my life, but read חַיִּי my kinsfolk.

---

I. חַיָּה noun feminine — living thing, animal.

— חַיָּה Genesis 8:17 +; construct חַיַּת Isaiah 57:10 +; old case ending (poetic) חַיְתוֺ Genesis 1:24; Psalm 50:10; plural חַיּוֺת Leviticus 14:4.

1. animal, as living, active being
   • a. In general: Genesis 8:17; Leviticus 11:2; Isaiah 46:1
   • b. Wild animals: רעה חַיָּה evil beast Genesis 37:20 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); הארץ חַיָּה Genesis 1:25; השׂדה חַיָּה Exodus 23:11; 2 Kings 14:9
   • c. Living beings: of the cherubic chariot Ezekiel 1:5, 13; Ezekiel 10:15
2. life (late poetry): Psalm 143:3; Job 33:18, 20
3. appetite: חית כפרים appetite of young lions Job 38:39
4. revival, renewal: Isaiah 57:10

---

II. חַיָּה noun feminine — community.

— וְחַיַּת מְּלִשְׁתִּים חֹנָה and a community of Philistines... was encamping 2 Samuel 23:13.

Note: Several other passages are dubious, such as 2 Samuel 23:11 (read לֶ֫חְיָה to Lehi) and Psalm 68:11.

---

חַיִּים noun masculine Deuteronomy 28:66 — plural abstract life.

— חַיִּים Genesis 2:7 +; חַיִּין Job 24:22 (Aramaism); construct חַיֵּי Genesis 23:1 +; suffix חַיַּי Genesis 47:9 +.

1. physical life: Genesis 27:46; Exodus 1:14; Isaiah 38:12; שְׁנֵי חַיֵּי years of the life of 2 Samuel 19:35; יְמֵי חַיִּים Ecclesiastes 2:3; רוּחַ חַיִּים Genesis 6:17.
2. life as welfare and happiness: Proverbs 16:15; Deuteronomy 30:6; Psalm 30:6; עֵץ הַחַיִּים tree of life Genesis 2:9; Proverbs 3:18; אֹרַח חַיִּים Psalm 16:11.
3. sustenance, maintenance: Proverbs 27:27.

---

Aramaic

I. חַי adjective — living.

1. Of God: חַי Daniel 4:31; emphatic חַיָא Daniel 6:21.
2. Plural as abstract noun life: חַיִּין Daniel 7:12; construct חַיֵּי Ezra 6:10.

II. חֵיוָא, חֵיוָה noun feminine — beast.

— absolute Daniel 4:13; emphatic חֵיוְתָא Daniel 7:6; construct חֵיוַת בָּרָא Daniel 2:38; plural חֵיוָן Daniel 7:3.

¹ Heinrich Ewald, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch (GKC).

³ W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia (RS).

Noun common feminine singular construct

LXX: ζωῆσ ζῇ θηρία ζῶ ζῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H2416c:

ζωῆσ 82× (15.7%)

ζῇ 65× (13.1%)

θηρία 44× (7.8%)

ζῶ 23× (4.7%)

ζῶν 21× (3.9%)

'' 21× (3.7%)

ζῶντα 17× (3.4%)

θηρίοισ 17× (2.8%)

ζωὴν 15× (2.6%)

ζώντων 12× (2.3%)

שדי שָׂדָי

Allmighty/Devastator

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שדה

sâdeh

Definition

a field (as flat)

Root

or שדי; from an unused root meaning to spread out;

Exhaustive

or שדי; from an unused root meaning to spread out; a field (as flat); country, field, ground, land, soil, [idiom] wild.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7704

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׂדֶה

noun masculine • Root שדד • Strongs / High • Page 1384

(from שָׂדַד II.; only pl. שָׂדִים) m. a wide-stretching plain, a tract of land, prop. an extension; hence the pl. שָׂדִים (open fields, plains).

שָׂדֶה

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1386

1. A field, opposed to a city, village, or camp; the open field, belonging to the land; of animals, wild, untamed. 2. Metaphorically, the field surrounding a city, district, or territory belonging to a city; open country, in opposition to the metropolis.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׁדָה

chald. ithpa. • Page 657

to exert one's self, construed with לְ. Dan. 6: 15.

שָׂדֶה

noun masculine • Root שדה • Page 634

1. a field, cultivated ground. Gen. 23:17. 2. a field generally, e.g. beasts of the field. Is. 43:20. 3. a country, territory. Gen. 14:7. 4. plain, e.g. שְׂדֵה-אֲרָם plain of Syria. Hos. 12:13.

שִׁדָּה

noun feminine • Root שד • Page 656

Literally a lady, princess; whence a wife or concubine. Found in Ecc. 2: 8.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7704

I. שָׂדַי (rare original form of שָׂדֶה, only in poetry) noun masculine Psalm 96:12 — field, land.

— שׂ absolute Jeremiah 4:17, שָׂדָ֑י Hosea 10:4 + etc.

1. Cultivated field

• Hosea 12:12
• Hosea 10:4 (but see Nowack)
• yielding food Deuteronomy 32:13; Lamentations 4:9
• שֹׁמְרֵי שׂ Jeremiah 4:17 keepers, watchmen of a field

2. Home of wild beasts

• בְּהֵמוֺת שׂ Psalm 8:8; Joel 2:22
• חַיְתוֺ שׂ Isaiah 56:9; Psalm 104:11
• זִזִ שׂ Psalm 50:11; Psalm 80:14

3. Plain, opposite mountain

• Jeremiah 18:14 (but dubious, Cornill and Duhm suggest שִׂרְיֹן)

4. Land, opposed to sea

• Psalm 96:12 (compare שָׂדֶה 3; parallel תֵּבֵל Psalm 98:7)

---

II. שָׂדֶה (approximate number of occurrences: 318) noun masculine Leviticus 27:24 id. (ordinary contracted form¹).

— שׂ absolute Genesis 2:5 +; construct שְׂדֵה Genesis 14:7 +; suffix שָׂדִי Jeremiah 32:7, 8, שָֽׂדְךָ Deuteronomy 11:15 +, שָׂדֶ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 24:19; Leviticus 25:3, etc.; plural שָׂדוֺת 1 Samuel 22:7 +, construct שְׂדוֺת Nehemiah 12:29; also שְׂדֵי 2 Samuel 1:21; Isaiah 32:12; Ruth 1:1 (some might be singular = שְׂדֵה²; but see Kö³); suffix שְׂדֹתֶיהָ Nehemiah 11:30, etc.; also שָׂדֶיךָ 1 Kings 2:26, שָׂדֵינוּ Micah 2:4.

1. Open field, country

a. Pasture-land

• Genesis 29:2; Genesis 30:16; Exodus 9:3 (Jehovist Source)
• Deuteronomy 11:15; 1 Samuel 11:5

b. Unfrequented / Exposed

• Genesis 24:63, 65
• exposed to violence Genesis 4:8 (Jehovist Source); 2 Samuel 14:6; Deuteronomy 22:25–27
• exposed to wild beasts Exodus 22:30 (Elohist Source); Ezekiel 33:27

c. Specifically home of beasts

• 2 Samuel 17:8; Jeremiah 14:5
• phrase חַיַּת הַשּׂ Genesis 2:19, 20; Genesis 3:1, 14 (Jehovist Source)
• wild beasts Exodus 23:11, 29 (Elohist Source); Hosea 2:14; Leviticus 26:22 (Holiness Code)
• hunting-ground Genesis 25:29; Genesis 27:3 (+ אִישׁ שׂ Genesis 25:27)

d. Yielding plants and trees

• Genesis 30:14; Exodus 10:5; 2 Kings 4:39
• phrase עֵשֶׂב הַשּׂ Genesis 2:5; Genesis 3:18; עֵץ הַשּׂ Exodus 9:25

e. Stony

• אַבְנֵי הַשּׂ Job 5:23

f. Outside of walled city

• Judges 9:32; 1 Samuel 20:5; Micah 4:10
• battle-ground Joshua 8:24 (Jehovist Source); 2 Samuel 10:8
• opposed to city 1 Kings 14:11; Jeremiah 14:18
• nearly = outdoors Exodus 1:14 (Priests' Code); Judges 13:9
• phrase לְפָנֵי הַשּׂ 2 Kings 9:37; Ezekiel 29:5

g. Expanse of country, opposed to mountain

• מְרוֺמֵי שׂ Judges 5:18
• הֲרָרִי בַּשּׂ Jeremiah 17:3 (of Jerusalem, dubious)

2. Definite portion of ground, field, land

a. Cultivated ground

• Genesis 37:7 (Elohist Source); Genesis 47:24 (Jehovist Source)
• Exodus 22:4; Leviticus 27:16 (Priests' Code)
• שָׂדֶה טוֺב Ezekiel 17:8 good soil

b. As private property

• Micah 5:2; Isaiah 5:8
• Genesis 23:9, 11, 13 (Priests' Code)

c. City-land, adjacent to town

• Genesis 41:48 (Elohist Source); Leviticus 25:34 (Priests' Code)
• specifically of Zoan Psalm 78:12, 43

d. Territory of nation or tribe

• Genesis 32:4; Numbers 21:20 (Jehovist/Elohist Sources)
• Judges 5:4; Ruth 1:1, 2

e. Territory of king

• 2 Samuel 9:7; 2 Samuel 13:30

3. Land, opposed to sea

• 1 Chronicles 16:32 (opposed to הַיָּם; = שָׂדַי Psalm 96:12)
• perhaps mainland Ezekiel 26:6, 8

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910, § 84 a f (GKC).

² Compare J. Barth, ZMG xlii (1888), 351; SS; Buhl.

³ E. König, Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache, ii. 1, 77.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἀγροῦ ἀγρῷ ἀγρὸν πεδίῳ πεδίου

LXX Usage Statistics

H7704a:

ἀγροῦ 79× (23.4%)

ἀγρῷ 44× (11.4%)

ἀγρὸν 32× (9.5%)

πεδίῳ 29× (7.1%)

πεδίου 23× (6.6%)

πεδίον 15× (4.0%)

ἀγρόν 13× (3.7%)

pεἰσ 11× (3.7%)

ἀγροὶ 9× (2.7%)

ἀγροὺσ 8× (2.4%)

ישברו יִשְׁבְּרוּ

in the hand

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שבר

shâbar

Definition

to burst (literally or figuratively)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to burst (literally or figuratively); break (down, off, in pieces, up), broken (-hearted), bring to the birth, crush, destroy, hurt, quench, [idiom] quite, tear, view (by mistake for שבר).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7665

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁבַר

verb • Root שבר • Strongs / High • Page 1378

1. To break in pieces, to reduce to fragments, by man's hand. 2. Figuratively: To destroy hard dominion or high power; to take away the support of bread; to destroy a military people; to grieve (break the heart); to break off a limit, i.e. to appoint.

שָׁבַר

verb • Root שבר • Strongs / High • Page 1378

(Not used) To press out, to put forth fruit; and so intrans. to sprout, to grow. (Fundamental signification proceeds from breaking forth or breaking through.)

שָׁבַר

verb • Root שבר • Strongs / High • Page 1379

(Denominative) 1. To buy grain or food. 2. To sell corn.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שֵׂבֶר

m. verbal • Root שבר • Page 634

hope. Ps. 119:116. 146:5.

שָׂבַר

verb • Root שבר • Page 634

to observe, view. Neh. 2:13, 15. Pi. 1. to wait. Ruth 1:13. 2. to hope. Est. 9:1. Ps. 104:27. 3. perhaps to praise. Is. 38:18.

שֶׁבֶר

noun • Root שבר • Page 653

1. A breaking (Is. 30:14). 2. A wound, injury, or breach (Lev. 21:19); includes 'שֶׁבֶר רוּחַ' a broken heart (Is. 65:14). 3. Ruin, destruction (Lam. 2:11). 4. A solution or explanation of a dream (Judg. 7:15). 5. Plural 'שְׁבָרִים' terrour (Job 41).

שָׁבַר

verb • Page 653

1. To break in pieces (Jer. 2:20). 2. To tear in pieces, of animals (1 K. 13:26). 3. To assuage thirst (Ps. 104:11). 4. To destroy (Dan. 11:26). 5. To cut off, appoint (Job 38:10). 6. To buy or sell grain (Gen. 41:56, 47:14). Includes Niph. (to be broken), Pi. (to break or smite), Hiph. (to let break through; to sell), and Hoph. (to be wounded).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7665

I. שָׁבַר (approximate number of occurrences: 148) verb — break, break in pieces.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Sabean תֿבר (break, destroy¹)
• Arabic ثبر (restrain, destroy)
• Aramaic תְּבַר
• Assyrian šabâru (break, break in pieces)
• Ethiopic ሰበረ (break)

— שָׁבַר Qal (53); Perfect 3 masculine singular שָׁבַר 1 Kings 13:28, Isaiah 14:5 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׁבֹּר Jeremiah 19:11, יִשְׁבּוֹר Isaiah 42:3; 3 feminine singular תִּשְׁבָּר Proverbs 25:15 +; Imperative masculine singular שְׁבֹר Psalm 10:15, suffix שָׁבְרֵם Jeremiah 17:18; Infinitive construct לִשְׁבֹּר Genesis 19:9 (2 times), שְׁבוֹר Jeremiah 28:12; Participle active שֹׁבֵר Ezekiel 4:16 (2 times); passive שָׁבוּר Leviticus 22:22, plural construct שְׁבוּרֵי Psalm 147:3.

1. Qal: break

a. literally, especially of earthen vessels

• Judges 7:20
• Leviticus 11:33 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
• Jeremiah 19:11 (in simile, compare Jeremiah 19:11; Jeremiah 48:33; Isaiah 30:14)
• flask Jeremiah 19:10

b. other physical objects

• gate-bar Amos 1:5 (in metaphor)
• bow Hosea 1:5; Jeremiah 49:35
• sword Hosea 2:20 (+ מִן־הָאָרֶץ)
• bone of lamb Exodus 12:46; Numbers 9:12 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
• bone (in metaphor) Proverbs 25:15
• limb, fractured Leviticus 22:22 (Holiness Code)
• yoke Jeremiah 28:10, 12, 13

c. in metaphor of deliverance and power

• of deliverance (יהוה subject) Jeremiah 28:2; Jeremiah 28:4; Jeremiah 28:11; Jeremiah 38:8 (with מֵעַל)
• of rebellion Jeremiah 2:20; Jeremiah 5:5
• staff Isaiah 14:5 (5 times)
• reed Isaiah 42:3
• arm of Pharaoh Ezekiel 30:21, 22, 24; compare Psalm 10:15
• trees (subject thunder) Psalm 29:5

d. violent actions and figurative destruction

• break in, down, door Genesis 19:9 (Jehovist Source)
• rend violently (of lion), man 1 Kings 13:26, ass 1 Kings 13:28
• wreck Tyre (as ship) Ezekiel 27:26
• figurative break pride Leviticus 26:19 (Holiness Code)
• crush (figurative) Isaiah 14:25, Lamentations 1:15, Daniel 11:26
• break, rupture, heart (figurative) Psalm 69:21 + Ezekiel 6:9; שְׁבוּרֵי לֵב Psalm 147:3
• boundary: וָאֶשְׁבֹּר עָלָיו חֻקִּי Job 38:10 broke for it my boundary, of sea
• quench thirst (frangere sitim) Psalm 104:11

2. Niph`al: be broken

— נִשְׁבַּר Niph`al (57); Perfect 3 masculine singular נִשְׁבַּר Exodus 22:9 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשָּׁבֵר Leviticus 6:21 +; 3 feminine singular וְתִשָּׁבֶר Ecclesiastes 12:6; 2 masculine singular תִּשָּׁבֵר Ezekiel 29:7, שַׁבֶר־ Ezekiel 32:28; Infinitive construct הִשָּׁבֵר Jonah 1:4; Participle נִשְׁבָּר Psalm 51:19, feminine singular נִשְׁבָּרָה Psalm 51:19, נִשְׁבֶּרֶת Ezekiel 27:34 +.

a. physical breaking and injuries

• neck 1 Samuel 4:18, bones Psalm 34:21, gate-bars Jeremiah 51:30
• idols Ezekiel 6:4, 6, horn Daniel 8:8, 22
• arm Job 31:22 (+ מִקָּנָה), and (in metaphor) Jeremiah 48:25, Job 38:15, Psalm 37:17
• bough Ezekiel 31:12, Isaiah 27:11; (figurative) of wickedness Job 24:20
• cisterns Jeremiah 2:13, pottery Leviticus 6:21, Leviticus 15:12 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
• be maimed, crippled (limb broken), of animal Exodus 22:9, Exodus 22:13 (Elohist Source), and (figurative) Ezekiel 34:4, 16, Zechariah 11:16
• be wrecked, of ships 1 Kings 22:49, 2 Chronicles 20:37, Jonah 1:4, Ezekiel 27:34

b. figurative destruction and contrition

• be crushed, destroyed (person, warriors, kingdoms) Jeremiah 14:17, Jeremiah 22:20, Jeremiah 48:4, Jeremiah 51:8 (+ 10 times)
• of heart and spirit Jeremiah 23:9, Isaiah 61:1, Psalm 34:19, Psalm 51:19
• Exodus 6:9 read probably וְשָׁבַרְתִּי (Wellhausen, Smend, Bertholet, Toy, Kraetzschmar); Cornill reads בְּשָׁבְרִי

3. Pi`el: shatter, break

— שִׁבַּר Pi`el (36); Perfect 3 masculine singular שִׁבַּר Isaiah 21:9, שִׁבֵּר Exodus 9:25; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יְשַׁבֵּר Psalm 46:10, 2 masculine plural תְּשַׁבֵּרוּן Exodus 34:13; Infinitive absolute שַׁבֵּר Exodus 23:24; Participle מְשַׁבֵּר 1 Kings 19:11.

• tablets Exodus 32:19 (Elohist Source), Exodus 34:1 (Jehovist Source), Deuteronomy 9:17, 10:2
• sacred pillars (מַצֵּבוֹת) Exodus 23:24 (Elohist Source), Exodus 34:13 (Jehovist Source) + 7 times
• images 2 Kings 11:18, bronze sea 2 Kings 25:13, horns Daniel 8:7, jaws Job 29:17
• subject יהוה: shattering gate-bars, weapons, trees Isaiah 45:2, Psalm 46:10, Psalm 29:5, Psalm 105:33, heads of תַּנִּינִים Psalm 74:13, wrecking ship Psalm 48:8

4. Hiph`il: cause to break out

i.e. bring to the birth:

• הַאֲנִי אַשְׁבִּיר וְלֹא אוֹלִיד Isaiah 66:9 (יהוה subject; compare מַשְׁבֵּר below)

5. Hoph`al: be broken, shattered

(in heart):

• עַל־שֶׁבֶר בַּת־עַמִּי הָשְׁבַּרְתִּי Jeremiah 8:21

Aramaic

I. תְּבַר verb break (Biblical Hebrew שָׁבַר).

1. Pe`al Participle passive feminine singular תְּבִירָה Daniel 2:42 broken in pieces (of a kingdom).

¹ David Heinrich Müller, Sudaarabische Altertümer (1894).

² Johannes Mordtmann, Himjaritische Inschriften und Altertümer (1893).

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: συνέτριψεν συνετρίβη συντρίψω συνέτριψασ συντριβήσεται

LXX Usage Statistics

H7665:

συνέτριψεν 16× (10.7%)

συνετρίβη 15× (10.2%)

συντρίψω 13× (8.8%)

συνέτριψασ 7× (5.0%)

συντριβήσεται 6× (4.3%)

συνέτριψα 6× (4.1%)

συνέτριψαν 6× (4.1%)

συντριβήσονται 5× (3.2%)

συνετρίβησαν 4× (2.9%)

συντρίψετε 4× (2.8%)

פראים פְרָאִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פרא

pereʼ

Definition

the onager

Root

or פרה; (Jeremiah 2:24), from H6500 (פרא) in the secondary sense of running wild;

Exhaustive

or פרה; (Jeremiah 2:24), from פרא in the secondary sense of running wild; the onager; wild (ass).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6501

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פֶּרֶא

noun masculine • Root פרא • Strongs / High • Page 1189

(pl. פְּרָאִים, from פָּרָא II.) Proper name. Swift-runner, a fleeting one; hence wild ass, onager, a figure of roughness, wildness and irrationality. Also used for a man, i.e. one like a wild ass.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פֶּרֶא

common or epicene gender • Page 552

The wild ass, onager, chiefly found in Tartary under the name of kulan. Gen. 16: 12, Ps. 104: 11, Job 6: 5, 11: 12. Jer. 2: 24 (spelled פֶּרֶה once).

פָּרָא

verb • Root פרה • Page 552

To bear fruit. Similar to פָּרָה. Hiph. הִפְרִיא, to be fruitful. Hos. 13: 15.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6501

I. מֶּ֫רֶא (Job 39:5; masculine and feminine Jeremiah 2:24, but feminine probably erroneous¹) noun masculine — wild ass (probably from swiftness).

— מֶּרֶא absolute Hosea 8:9 + (so Jeremiah 2:24 Gi; van d. H. Baer מֶּרֶךְ); construct Genesis 16:12; plural מְּרָאִים Jeremiah 14:6 +.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Literal wild ass

• Jeremiah 14:6
• Job 6:5
• Job 39:5
• Isaiah 32:14
• Psalm 104:11
• עַיִר פֶּ֫רֶא Job 11:12 wild ass's colt
• פֶּ֫רֶא אָדָם Genesis 16:12 (Jehovist Source) a wild ass of a man (Ishmael as a free nomad)

b. Figurative and descriptive uses

• of wilfulness Hosea 8:9 (see I. בָּדַד)
• of lust Jeremiah 2:24 (i.e. Israel's love of idolatry)
• of poor desert-dwellers Job 24:5

¹ König, Synt. 157; Albrecht, ZAW xvi (1896), 68.

² Gi refers to Ginsburg edition; van d. H. to Van der Hooght; Baer to the S. Baer edition.

³ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: ὄνοι

LXX Usage Statistics

H6501:

ὄνοι 2× (15.1%)

צמאם צְמָאָם׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

צמא

tsâmâʼ

Definition

thirst (literally or figuratively)

Root

from H6770 (צמא);

Exhaustive

from צמא; thirst (literally or figuratively); thirst(-y).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6772

הם

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9028

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צָמָא

noun masculine • Root צמא • Strongs / High • Page 1234

Thirst, sitis (often associated with famine).

צָמָא

verb • Root צמא • Strongs / High • Page 1235

To perish with thirst; to kill with thirst (הַצְמִיתָה); to quench the thirst; thirst for a thing; also drought, dryness, wastness, = צִיָּה.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צָמָא

m. verbal • Root צמא • Page 570

Thirst. Ezek. 19:13. Jer. 48:18.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6772

צָמָא (approximate number of occurrences: 17) noun masculine — thirst.

— צָמָא absolute Exodus 17:3 +; suffix צְמָאִי Psalm 69:22 etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Literal thirst

• Exodus 17:3 (Elohist Source)
• Judges 15:18
• Hosea 2:5
• Amos 8:13
• Lamentations 4:4
• Nehemiah 9:20
• Psalm 69:22

b. Parallel with רָעָב (hunger)

• Isaiah 5:13 (van der Hooght צָמָה)
• Deuteronomy 28:48
• Nehemiah 9:15
• 2 Chronicles 32:11

c. Of animals

• Of wild asses Psalm 104:11
• Of fish וְתָמֹת בַּצָּמָא Isaiah 50:2¹

2. Figurative and special uses

a. Figurative of grief of exile

• Isaiah 41:17
• In phrase אֶרֶץ צִיָּה וְצָמָא Ezekiel 19:13

b. With preposition ל

Thirst for water:

• Amos 8:11

— בַּצָּמָא Jeremiah 48:18 is probably corrupt; read perhaps לָאָרֶץ (Gie), or בֶּעָפָר.

¹ But read perhaps וּבְהֶמְתָּם בַּצָּמֵא (or בַּצְּמֵאָה) Gunkel, Schöpfung und Chaos, 98; Cheyne; Marti (compare Isaiah 44:3).

² Elohist Source.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: δίψει δίψαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H6772:

δίψει 8× (44.3%)

δίψαν 6× (33.0%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
They shall water all the beasts of the field: the wild asses shall break their thirst.

LITV Translation:
they give drink to every animal of the field; wild asses break their thirst;

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Saying, To thee will I give the land of Canaan, The line of your inheritance: