Proverbs 8:19

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

טוב טוֹב

he became good

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

טוב

ṭôwb

Definition

good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good or good thing, a good man or woman; the good, goods or good things, good men or women), also as an adverb (well)

Root

from H2895 (טוב);

Exhaustive

from טוב; good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good or good thing, a good man or woman; the good, goods or good things, good men or women), also as an adverb (well); beautiful, best, better, bountiful, cheerful, at ease, [idiom] fair (word), (be in) favour, fine, glad, good (deed, -lier, -liest, -ly, -ness, -s), graciously, joyful, kindly, kindness, liketh (best), loving, merry, [idiom] most, pleasant, [phrase] pleaseth, pleasure, precious, prosperity, ready, sweet, wealth, welfare, (be) well(-favoured).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2896

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

טוֹב

verb • Root טוב • Strongs / High • Page 554

A half-passive formation. To shine, glitter. Metaphorically: (a) aspect: to be beautiful, lovely; (b) taste: to be agreeable; (c) smell: to be fragrant; (d) mind: to be cheerful, joyful; (e) state: to be well, in health, to thrive.

טוֹב

verb • Root טוב • Strongs / High • Page 555

To do well, to do good; to show goodness, benevolence. In its causative form (Hiphil), it means to make beautiful, to adorn, to amend, to cheer, to provide, to rejoice, to prepare, or to do good to.

טוֹב

adjective • Root טוב • Strongs / High • Page 555

Good. 1. Suiting and agreeable to the senses; beautiful, fragrant, well-tasted. 2. Good in internal quality; valuable, fruitful, healthy, solid, principal, able, select, eloquent. 3. Good with regard to usefulness; salutary, suitable, beneficent, profitable. 4. Good with respect to extent; rich, copious. 5. In a metaphorical sense; joyful, cheerful, festive, prosperous, happy. Also used as a substantive (טוּב) meaning comfortableness, convenience, ease, pleasure.

טוֹב

adjective • Strongs / High • Page 556

In an ethical sense: honest, of good morals, good-intentioned, kind, benevolent, gracious, friendly, liberal, mitigating, right, true, righteous, pious, good.

טוֹב

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 556

1. pleasantness, delight, prosperity, comfort, peace, beneficence, good, fortune's goods, riches, reputation, might, a prosperous condition. 2. in an ethical sense: the good, the right. 3. as an adverb: well. 4. as a proper name of a fruitful district of land in Syria.

טוֹב

adjective • Root טוב • Strongs / High • Page 755

good

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

טוֹב

verb • Root יטב • Page 260

1. To be good; personally 'it goes well with me' (Deut. 5:30); 'it pleases me' (Num. 24:1). 2. To be fair, lovely (Num. 24:5; Cant. 4:10). 3. To be serene, joyful, spoken of the heart (1 Sam. 25:36; 2 Sam. 13:28; Est. 1:10). Hiph. הֵטִיב: to do well (1 K. 8:18).

טוֹב

verb • Root טוב • Page 261

1. good (Ecc. 8:12, 13, Deut. 6:24, Jer. 32:39); 2. fair, beautiful (Ex. 2:2, Gen. 6:2); 3. pleasant, lovely (Cant. 1:2, 4); 4. happy, prosperous (Jer. 44:17, Ps. 112:5); 5. great (Ps. 69:17); 6. joyful (Est. 8:3, 1 K. 8:66); 7. having a compassionate eye, merciful (Prov. 22:9).

טוֹב

proper name • Page 261

Proper name of a country beyond Jordan. (Jud. 11:3, 2 Sam. 10:6). Probably the same with Twbios 1 Mac. 5:13.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2896

II. טוֹב (approximate number of occurrences: 524) adjective — pleasant, agreeable, good.

Cognates:

• Aramaic טַב
• Palmyrene טב, טבא¹

— טוֹב masculine Genesis 2:12 (22 times), טוֹבָם suffix Micah 7:4; feminine טוֹבָה Esther 8:5 (50 times), טֹבָה Deuteronomy 6:18 (2 times); construct טוֹבַת Genesis 26:7 (6 times), טֹבַת Genesis 24:16; plural טוֹבִים Jeremiah 44:17 (28 times); טֹבִים Genesis 27:9 (4 times); construct טוֹבֵי Daniel 1:4 (2 times); plural feminine טוֹבוֹת Esther 2:2, טֹבוֹת Jeremiah 24:2 (6 times), טֹבֹת Genesis 6:2 (4 times).

1. Pleasant, agreeable to the senses

a. To the sight, fair

• Genesis 6:2 (Jehovist Source)
• Exodus 2:2 (Elohist Source)
• 1 Samuel 9:2
• 1 Kings 20:3
• 1 Samuel 8:16 (read herds ᵐ5 Th We Klo Dr Bu)
• מראיהם Daniel 1:15
• טֹבַת מראה Genesis 24:16; 26:7 (Jehovist Source)
• 2 Samuel 11:2
• Esther 1:11; 2:3, 7
• טוב ראי 1 Samuel 16:12
• טוב תאר 1 Kings 1:6
• טובַת חן Nahum 3:4
• טוֹבוֹת מראה Esther 2:2
• טוֺבֵי מראה Daniel 1:4
• טוב לעינים Ecclesiastes 11:7
• טובה בעיניו Esther 8:5
• Joshua 7:21 (Jehovist Source)
• Isaiah 5:9
• Deuteronomy 8:12
• Deuteronomy 6:10
• 2 Kings 2:19

b. To the taste, good, sweet, agreeable for eating

• למאכל Genesis 2:9; 3:6 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 41:5, 22, 24, 26 (Elohist Source)
• Jeremiah 24:2, 3, 5
• Proverbs 24:13
• כְּיֵין הטוב Song of Solomon 7:10
• תְּנוּבָתִי הַטּוֺבָּה (+ מָתְקִי) Judges 9:11

c. To the smell, sweet-scented

• Song of Solomon 1:3
• קנה הטוב Jeremiah 6:20

d. Of pleasant shadow

• Hosea 4:13

2. Pleasant to the higher nature, happiness, prosperity

a. Of time

• יום טוב 1 Samuel 25:8; Esther 8:17; 9:19, 22
• Zechariah 8:19
• Genesis 41:35 (Elohist Source)

b. Of place

• טוב בית הנשׁים Esther 2:9
• בַּטּוֺב לוֹ Deuteronomy 23:17
• בַּטּוֺב בְּעֵינֵי Genesis 20:15

c. Of persons, pleasing in the eyes of

• טוב בעיני 1 Samuel 29:6, 9
• Malachi 2:17
• לִפְנֵי Ecclesiastes 2:26; 7:26
• 1 Samuel 29:10 ᵐ5 We Dr
• עם 1 Samuel 2:26

d. Of word or message

• בְּשׂוֺרָה טוֺבָה 2 Samuel 18:27
• שְׁמוּעָה טוֺבָה 1 Samuel 2:24; Proverbs 15:30; 25:25
• דבר בעתו Proverbs 15:23
• דבר טוב Proverbs 12:25; Psalm 45:2

e. Of other things

• דֶּרֶךְ טובה 1 Samuel 24:20
• מנחה כי טוב Genesis 49:15
• מה טוב ומה נעים Psalm 133:1
• טוב לְ Ecclesiastes 2:3; 6:12; 8:12, 13
• הֲטוֺב כִּי Job 13:9

3. Good, excellent of its kind

a. Of the several creations

• וירא אלהים כי טוֺב Genesis 1:4, 10, 12, 18, 21, 25 (Priests' Code)
• Genesis 1:31 (Priests' Code)

b. Of land, soil, fruitful

• Exodus 3:8; Numbers 13:19 (Jehovist Source)
• Numbers 14:7 (Priests' Code)
• Deuteronomy 1:25, 35; 3:25; 4:21–22; 6:18; 8:7, 10; 9:6; 11:17
• Joshua 23:16 (Deuteronomic Source); Judges 18:9; 1 Chronicles 28:8
• אדמה 1 Kings 14:15; Joshua 23:13, 15
• הר Deuteronomy 3:25
• חלקה 2 Kings 3:19, 25
• שׂדה Ezekiel 17:8
• נָוֶה Ezekiel 34:14
• מרעה 1 Chronicles 4:40; Ezekiel 34:14, 18

c. Of vegetation, choice, fruitful

• זֵיתִים 1 Samuel 8:14
• עץ 2 Kings 3:19, 25; Ezekiel 31:16
• שׁמן טוב 2 Kings 20:13 = Isaiah 39:2; Psalm 133:2; Ecclesiastes 7:1
• אם שׁניהם טובים Ecclesiastes 11:6

d. Of animals, fat

• בקר Genesis 18:7 (Jehovist Source)
• עזים Genesis 27:9 (Jehovist Source)
• פרות Genesis 41:26 (Elohist Source)
• יָרֵךְ Ezekiel 24:4

e. Of minerals, fine, pure

• זהב Genesis 2:12 (Jehovist Source); 2 Chronicles 3:5, 8
• כֶּתֶם Lamentations 4:1
• Ezra 8:27; Isaiah 41:7

4. Good, rich, valuable in estimation

a. In quantity

• שׂיבה טובה Genesis 15:15 (Redactor Source); 25:8 (Priests' Code); Judges 8:32; 1 Chronicles 29:28
• Genesis 30:20 (Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 28:12

b. In price, valuable

• Leviticus 27:10, 12, 14, 33 (Holiness Code)
• Proverbs 31:18; Ecclesiastes 4:9
• מחמדי הטבים Joel 4:5

5. Good, appropriate, becoming

• Ecclesiastes 7:11, 18; 5:17
• עֵצָה 2 Samuel 17:7, 14
• טוב פתר Genesis 40:16 (Elohist Source)
• טוב הדבר Exodus 18:17 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 1:14; 1 Samuel 26:16; 9:10; 1 Kings 2:38, 42; 18:24; 2 Kings 20:19 = Isaiah 39:8
• טוב (as exclamation) Ruth 3:13; 1 Samuel 20:7; 2 Samuel 3:13; 1 Kings 2:18
• 2 Samuel 18:3; Ruth 2:22; Lamentations 3:27; Job 10:3
• With infinitive: Genesis 2:18 (Jehovist Source); Psalm 73:28; 92:2; 147:1; Proverbs 25:27

6. Better (comparative)

• With מִן: Genesis 29:19 (Elohist Source); Exodus 14:12 (Jehovist Source); Psalm 118:8, 9; Proverbs 16:19; 25:7; Ecclesiastes 6:9; 7:2
• With מִן of person: Judges 15:2; Ruth 4:15; 1 Samuel 1:8; 15:28; 1 Kings 19:4; Proverbs 19:1; Ecclesiastes 4:3
• With מִן of thing: Judges 8:2; 1 Samuel 15:22; 2 Kings 5:12; Hosea 2:9; Amos 6:2; Psalm 37:16; 63:4; 84:11; Proverbs 3:14; 16:8; Ecclesiastes 7:1; 9:4

7. Of man's sensuous nature, glad, happy, prosperous

• טוב לב Proverbs 15:15; Esther 5:9; Ecclesiastes 9:7
• טוֺבֵי לב 1 Kings 8:65; 2 Chronicles 7:10
• טובים וַנּהיה Jeremiah 44:17
• Psalm 112:5

8. Of man's intellectual nature, good understanding

• שֵׂכֶל טוֺב 2 Chronicles 30:22; Psalm 111:10; Proverbs 3:4; 13:15
• טוֺבַת שֶׂכֶל 1 Samuel 25:3

9. Good, kind, benign

a. Of men themselves

• 1 Samuel 25:15; 2 Samuel 18:27; 2 Chronicles 10:7
• דברים טובים 1 Kings 12:7; 2 Chronicles 10:7

b. Of God himself

• Nahum 1:7; 2 Chronicles 30:18; Psalm 86:5
• כי טוב Psalm 34:9; 100:5; 135:3; Jeremiah 33:11
• כי טוב כי לעולם חסדוֺ 1 Chronicles 16:34; 2 Chronicles 5:13; Ezra 3:11; Psalm 106:1; 136:1
• יד הטוֹבָה Ezra 7:9; 8:18; Nehemiah 2:8, 18
• רוחךָ הטוֹבָה Nehemiah 9:20; Psalm 143:10
• Promised word: Joshua 21:43; 23:14; 1 Kings 8:56; Jeremiah 29:10; Zechariah 1:13

10. Good (ethical), right

• Micah 6:8; Job 34:4
• אישׁ טוב Proverbs 14:14
• הטוֹבִים 2 Chronicles 19:11; Psalm 125:4; Proverbs 2:28
• דֶּרֶךְ הטובה והישׂרה 1 Samuel 12:23
• דֶּרֶךְ הטובה 1 Kings 8:36; Isaiah 65:2; Jeremiah 6:16
• Ethical right to do: Proverbs 17:26; 18:5; 24:23; 28:21
• Of God: Psalm 25:8; 119:68; Ezekiel 20:25

III. טוֹב (occurrences: 134) noun masculine — a good thing, benefit, welfare.

1. welfare, prosperity, happiness
   • אם טוב ואם רע Jeremiah 42:6
   • Deuteronomy 26:11; Psalm 4:7; Ecclesiastes 2:1
   • לטוב לָנוּ Deuteronomy 6:24; 10:13
2. good things (collective)
   • ברכות טוב Psalm 21:4
   • בָתֵּיהֶם טוב Job 22:18
   • 1 Samuel 15:9
3. benefit
   • Proverbs 31:12; 11:23
   • Genesis 26:29
4. moral good
   • ידע טוב ורע Genesis 2:9, 17; 3:5, 22
   • עשׂה טוב Psalm 14:1, 3; Ecclesiastes 7:20

טוֹבָה (occurrences: 54) noun feminine — welfare, benefit, good things, good.

1. welfare, prosperity, happiness
   • Deuteronomy 23:7; Lamentations 3:17
   • יוֺם טובה Ecclesiastes 7:14
   • לטובה Genesis 50:20 (Elohist Source)
2. good things (collective)
   • a. Of good words: 1 Samuel 25:30; Jeremiah 12:6
   • b. Of material possessions: Ecclesiastes 5:10
3. bounty, good
   • שְׁנַת טוֺבָתֶ֑ךָ Psalm 65:12
   • רעה תחת טובה Genesis 44:4 (Jehovist Source); Psalm 35:12; Proverbs 17:13
   • זכר לי לטובה Nehemiah 5:19; 13:31

¹ Lag BN 26; de Vogüé, Syrie Centrale, Inscriptions Sémitiques (Vog).

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: ἀγαθὸν ἀγαθόν καλὸν ἀγαθά ἀγαθὰ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2896a:

ἀγαθὸν 46× (7.6%)

ἀγαθόν 31× (5.3%)

καλὸν 30× (5.1%)

ἀγαθά 28× (4.7%)

ἀγαθὰ 28× (4.6%)

ἀγαθον 26× (4.6%)

καλόν 18× (3.2%)

ἀγαθὸσ 17× (3.0%)

ἀγαθοῖσ 17× (2.6%)

ἀγαθῶν 16× (2.7%)

פריי פִּ֭רְיִי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פרי

pᵉrîy

Definition

fruit (literally or figuratively)

Root

from H6509 (פרה);

Exhaustive

from פרה; fruit (literally or figuratively); bough, (first-)fruit(-ful), reward.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6529

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פְּרִי

noun masculine • Root פרה • Strongs / High • Page 1192

m. prop. what has broken forth, what has burst forth; hence 1. fruit (either natural or metaphorical).

פְּרִי

noun masculine • Root פרא • Strongs / High • Page 1193

1. Fruit, produce of the earth or of a tree; metaphorical applications include what is born/begotten of living beings (animals or men). 2. Figuratively: the fruit equals result, consequence of an action, hence atonement, reward, gain, profit, remnant.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פְּרִי

noun masculine • Root פרה • Page 553

1. Fruit of trees or ground (Ps. 107: 34). 2. Fruit of the body (posterity; Gen. 30: 2). 3. Metaphorically the consequences of an action (Is. 3: 10).

פְּרִי

noun masculine • Page 554

an acquisition of the hands (Prov. 31: 16). The fruit of arrogance, i. e. what arises from arrogance (Is. 10: 12).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6529

I. מְּרִי (approximate number of occurrences: 119) noun masculine Hosea 14:9 — fruit.

— מְּרִי absolute Hosea 9:16 +; מֶּ֑רִי Jeremiah 12:12 +; especially construct מְּרִי Genesis 4:3 +; suffix מִּרְיִי Proverbs 8:19, מֶּרְיְךָ Hosea 14:9, מִּרְיוֺ Genesis 3:6 +, וּפֶרְיְכֶם Ezekiel 36:8, מְּרִיהֶם Amos 9:14, מִּרְיָם Lamentations 2:20 +, מִּרְיָמוֺ Psalm 21:11, מְּרִיהֶן Jeremiah 29:28, מִּרְיָן Jeremiah 29:5, etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Fruit of the ground and land

• מְּרִי הָאֲרָמָה Genesis 4:3 (Jehovist Source), fruit of the ground, of produce in general, so Deuteronomy 7:13 (9 times in Deuteronomy) + 3 times
• פ׳ הָאֶרֶץ Numbers 13:20, 26, 27 (Jehovist-Elohist Source) + 5 times, compare Ezekiel 25:4
• Fruit of vineyard: 2 Kings 19:29 = Isaiah 37:30; Zechariah 8:12; Isaiah 65:21; Song of Solomon 8:11–12
• In figure: Hosea 10:11 + 5 times + Ezekiel 17:14 (but strike out ¹)

b. Fruit of trees and gardens

• פ׳ הָעֵץ Genesis 3:2, 3, 6; Exodus 10:15 (Jehovist Source) + 21 times
• In figure: Amos 2:9; Hosea 9:16 + 4 times + Ezekiel 17:23 (read מּאֹרָה branches ²)
• Of gardens: Amos 9:14; Jeremiah 29:5, 28; figurative Song of Solomon 4:12, 16
• עֵץ מְּרִי fruit-tree Genesis 1:11; Psalm 148:9, compare Ecclesiastes 2:5
• אֶרֶץ מְּרִי Psalm 107:34; מְּרִי תְּבוּאָךְ Psalm 107:37 fruit of (consisting in) a crop
• Psalm 72:16 is dubious; Cheyne and Duhm interpret as 2; Baethgen proposes יִפְרוּ

2. Offspring

• Fruit of womb (בֶּטֶן) Genesis 30:2; Deuteronomy 7:13 + 9 times, compare Lamentations 2:20; Psalm 21:11
• Of cattle (בְּהֵמָה) Deuteronomy 28:4, 11, 51; Deuteronomy 30:9
• Of serpent, figurative of power conquering Philistia Isaiah 14:29

3. Figurative of actions and consequences

• Good consequences: Isaiah 3:10; Psalm 58:12
• Bad consequences: Hosea 10:13; Proverbs 1:31; Micah 7:13
• Of thoughts: Jeremiah 6:19; of result of removing sin Isaiah 27:9
• Result of labour (fruit of hands): Proverbs 31:16, 31
• Product of works of יהוה: Psalm 104:13; of wisdom Proverbs 8:19
• פ׳ צְדָקָה Amos 6:12, compare פ׳ צַדִּיק Proverbs 11:30 (read צֶדֶק ¹)
• Of doings (i.e. course of life, or character): Jeremiah 17:10; Jeremiah 21:14; Jeremiah 32:19
• פ׳ פִיאִֿישׁ i.e. speech: Proverbs 12:14; Proverbs 13:2; Proverbs 18:20
• Fruit of arrogance: Isaiah 10:12 (arrogant speech); fruit of tongue Proverbs 18:21

I, II. מָּרָה see III. פרר. מֶּרֶה see מֶּרֶא.

[מֵּרָה], מֵּרוֺת Isaiah 2:20 see [חֲפַרְמָּרָה].

¹ Septuagint (LXX).

² C. H. Cornill.

³ Jehovist Source.

⁴ Jehovist-Elohist Source.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: καρπὸν καρποῦ καρπὸσ καρπῶν αὐτῆσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6529:

καρπὸν 35× (29.0%)

καρποῦ 12× (9.4%)

καρπὸσ 10× (7.9%)

καρπῶν 10× (7.5%)

αὐτῆσ 7× (4.6%)

γενήματα 7× (5.0%)

ἔκγονα 6× (4.6%)

καρποὺσ 6× (4.5%)

ἐκγόνοισ 5× (2.8%)

καρπόν 4× (3.6%)

מחרוץ מֵחָרוּץ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חרוץ

chărûwts

Definition

properly, incised or (active) incisive; hence (as noun masculine or feminine) a trench (as dug), gold (as mined), a threshing-sledge (having sharp teeth); (figuratively) determination; also eager

Root

or חרץ; passive participle of H2782 (חרץ);

Exhaustive

or חרץ; passive participle of חרץ; properly, incised or (active) incisive; hence (as noun masculine or feminine) a trench (as dug), gold (as mined), a threshing-sledge (having sharp teeth); (figuratively) determination; also eager; decision, diligent, (fine) gold, pointed things, sharp, threshing instrument, wall.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2742

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָרוּץ

noun / adjective / noun proper masculine • Root חרץ • Consonantal / Medium • Page 527

Has multiple meanings: 1. decision, judgment, destruction. 2. a marked-out quarter. 3. a rent, an incision. 4. a pointed instrument for threshing. 5. a diligent one. 6. the finest gold. 7. a masculine proper name (industrious, zealous).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מָ

unknown • Root מה • Page 350

See מָה Note.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2742

I. חָרוּץ (approximate number of occurrences: 11; on this and following see Ba¹) adjective — sharp, diligent.

— חָרוּץ Isaiah 28:27 (11 times); plural חֲרוּצִים Proverbs 10:4, Proverbs 12:24; חֲרֻצִים Proverbs 13:4; plural feminine חֲרֻצוֹת Amos 1:3.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. sharp

• of threshing instrument (+ מוֺרָג חָרוּץ חָדָשׁ) Isaiah 41:15
• without מוֺרָג, as substantive Isaiah 28:27 (where יוּדַשׁ)
• חָרוּץ הַבַּרְזֶל Amos 1:3
• Job 41:22 (figurative of crocodile)

b. figurative diligent

• as substantive Proverbs 21:5
• opposed to רְמִיָּךְ Proverbs 10:4; Proverbs 12:24, 27
• opposed to עָצֵּל Proverbs 13:4

— Daniel 9:25 see חָרוּץ IV.

---

II. חָרוּץ noun masculine — strict decision.

— only in עֵמֶק הֶחָרוּץ Joel 3:14 (twice in verse) valley of strict decision (see Ba¹).

---

III. חָרוּץ noun masculine — trench, moat.

Cognates:

• Aramaic חֲרִיצָא
• Assyrian —ariƒu, —iriƒu

— only in רְחוֹב וְחָרוּץ Daniel 9:25, si vera lectio; as above Gesenius, Herzfeld, Ewald, Zöckler, Meinhold; Graetz רְחוֹב וחיץ; Syriac, Bevan רְחוֹב וָחוּץ with public places and streets.

---

IV. חָרוּץ noun masculine — gold, in poetry.

Cognates:

• Phoenician חרץ
• Assyrian —urâƒu

— חָרוּץ Psalm 68:14 (5 times); gold, always parallel to כֶּסֶף; Zechariah 9:3; of dove's wings Psalm 68:14 (+ בִּירַקְרַק חָרוּץ); elsewhere in comparison with value of wisdom, etc. Proverbs 3:14; Proverbs 8:10 (+ נִבְחָר חָרוּץ); Proverbs 8:19; Proverbs 16:16.

¹ Barth, J., Die Nominalbildung in den semitischen Sprachen, Leipzig, 1894 (Ba^NB).

Prep-M, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: χρυσίου χρυσίον ἀνδρείων δίκησ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2742d:

χρυσίου 4× (18.7%)

χρυσίον 3× (14.0%)

ἀνδρείων 2× (11.0%)

δίκησ 2× (9.3%)

ומפז וּמִפָּז

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

פז

pâz

Definition

pure (gold); hence, gold itself (as refined)

Root

from H6338 (פזז);

Exhaustive

from פזז; pure (gold); hence, gold itself (as refined); fine (pure) gold.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6337

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פּז

adjective / substantive • Root פוז • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1162

1. Pure, broken (in grains), describing gold. 2. Fine gold, broken in the mine or purified in the furnace. 3. (Unused) fig. riches.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פָּז

m. verbal • Root פזז • Page 540

Pure gold; distinguished from common gold. (Ps. 21: 4; Lam. 4: 2; Is. 13: 12; Ps. 19: 11; 119: 127; Prov. 8: 19)

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6337

I. מַּז (approximate number of occurrences: 9) noun masculine — refined, pure gold.

Cognates:

• Talmud מִּיזָּא
• Targum מִּיזּוּזָא

— עֲטֶרֶת מָּ֑ז Psalms 21:4.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. In comparison of value or beauty

• Lamentations 4:2
• אַדְנֵי־פַז Song of Solomon 5:15

b. Parallel with or synonymous to gold (זָהָב)

• Job 28:17 (כְּלִי־פָז)
• Psalms 19:11 (+ רָ֑ב)
• Psalms 119:127
• + חָרוּץ Proverbs 8:19

c. Parallel with or combined with fine gold (כֶּתֶם)

• Isaiah 13:12
• כֶּתֶם פָּז Song of Solomon 5:11

Conjunction, Preposition, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: dὑπὲρ λίθον τίμιον

LXX Usage Statistics

H6337:

dὑπὲρ 2× (11.8%)

λίθον 2× (10.8%)

τίμιον 2× (8.7%)

ותבואתי וּ֝תְבוּאָתִ֗י

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

תבואה

tᵉbûwʼâh

Definition

income, i.e. produce (literally or figuratively)

Root

from H935 (בוא);

Exhaustive

from בוא; income, i.e. produce (literally or figuratively); fruit, gain, increase, revenue.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8393

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תְּבוּאָה

fem. prop. • Root בוא • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1496

What comes in, as produce, gain, increase, fruit; generally proventus.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תְּבוּאָה

f. verbal noun • Root בוא • Page 706

1. produce, increase, e.g. of a country (Josh. 8:12), of the threshing floor (Num. 18:30), of the vineyard (Deut. 22:15). 2. gain, profit, e.g. the gain of the wicked (Prov. 10:16), the profit of wisdom (Prov. 3:14, 8:19). 3. metaphorically the fruit or consequences of any thing (Prov. 18:20).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8393

I. תְּבוּאָה (approximate number of occurrences: 42) noun feminine — product, revenue.

— תְּבוּאָה absolute Psalm 107:37 (3 times); construct תְּבוּאַת Leviticus 23:39 (11 times); suffix תְּבוּאָתִי Job 31:12, Proverbs 8:19; תְּבוּאָתְּךָ Deuteronomy 14:28 (2 times); תְּבוּאָתֶ֑ךָ Proverbs 3:9; תְּבוּאָתוֹ Leviticus 19:25 + Ezekiel 48:18 Qr (Kt תבואתה), תְּבוּאָתֹה Jeremiah 2:3; תְּבוּאָתָהּ Exodus 23:10 (7 times) + Ezekiel 48:18 Kt (so Co²); תְּבוּאָתֵנוּ Leviticus 25:20; plural תְּבוּאֹת Leviticus 25:15 (4 times); תְּבוּאוֹת Proverbs 14:4, Proverbs 16:8; תְּבוּאֹתֵיכֶם Jeremiah 12:13.

1. Product and yield (usually of the earth)

a. Crops and harvest

• Usually of earth (= crops, etc.): תּ׳ הָאָרֶץ Exodus 23:10; Leviticus 19:25; Leviticus 23:39; Leviticus 25:3, 7 (used as food for man & beast, compare Leviticus 25:22) Joshua 5:12, compare Nehemiah 9:37; Leviticus 25:15–16, also Ezekiel 48:18.
• In Genesis 47:24 בַּתּ׳ must = of the crops (בְּ partitive, compare בְּ I. 2. b; ᵐ5¹ strike out בְּ).
• Specific yields: תּ׳ שָׂדֶה 2 Kings 8:6; 2 Chronicles 31:5; תּ׳ כֶּרֶם Deuteronomy 22:9 compare Psalm 107:37; לֶחֶם תּ׳ הָאֲדָמָה Isaiah 30:23; תּ׳ גֹּרֶן & תּ׳ יָקֶב Numbers 18:30; תּ׳ זֶרַע Deuteronomy 14:22; תּ׳ דָּגָן 2 Chronicles 32:28.

b. Property and seasonal yield

• As property of husbandmen, or people: Leviticus 25:20; Deuteronomy 14:28; Deuteronomy 16:15; Deuteronomy 26:12; Proverbs 3:9.
• Crops as determined by season: תּ׳ שָׁמֶשׁ Deuteronomy 33:14 ("" גֶרֶשׁ יְרָחִים).
• Yield of a year: תּ׳ שָׁנָה Leviticus 25:12, 22; compare Leviticus 25:21 עָשָׂה תּ׳, subject שָׁנָה.

2. Income and Figurative Gain

a. General revenue

• In general: Job 31:12 (almost = possessions); Proverbs 10:16; Proverbs 14:4; Proverbs 15:6; Proverbs 16:8; Ecclesiastes 5:9.
• Of Tyre: Isaiah 23:3 (revenue from trade with Egypt in bread stuffs).

b. Figurative gain and product

• Gain of wisdom: תּ׳ חָכְמָה Proverbs 3:14; Proverbs 8:19.
• Product of lips: (תּ׳ שְׂפָתָיו) Proverbs 18:20, i.e. results of his speech ("" מְּרִי פִיאִֿישׁ).
• Of Israel as Yahweh's product: Jeremiah 2:3; of Israel's wickedness Jeremiah 12:13.

¹ ᵐ5: The Septuagint.

² Co: Carl Heinrich Cornill.

Conjunction, Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: γενήματα γενημάτων αὐτῆσ γένημα γενήματοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8393:

γενήματα 13× (22.3%)

γενημάτων 7× (13.5%)

αὐτῆσ 7× (10.1%)

γένημα 6× (10.8%)

γενήματοσ 4× (7.3%)

καρποὶ 2× (4.1%)

ὡσ 2× (3.8%)

καρπῶν 2× (2.6%)

מכסף מִכֶּסֶף

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כסף

keçeph

Definition

silver (from its pale color); by implication, money

Root

from H3700 (כסף);

Exhaustive

from כסף; silver (from its pale color); by implication, money; money, price, silver(-ling).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3701

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֶּסֶף

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 723

silver, so called from its whitish-grey, pale colour. It is used to denote silver as a metal, a shekel of silver, silver-ore, money, or what is bought for money.

כֶּסֶף

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 723

Aramaic word for silver, money.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֶּסֶף

noun masculine • Page 324

1. silver. Gen. 23: 15. 2. money generally. Gen. 23: 13. Deut. 23: 20.

כְּסַף

chald. • Page 324

Chald. idem. (equivalent to silver). Dan. 2: 35. 5: 2, 4, 23.

כָּסַף

verb • Page 324

1. to be greedy or long for any thing. Ps. 17: 12. 2. to have compassion. Job 14: 15. Niph. to long for; to blush or be ashamed. Gen. 31: 30. Zeph. 2: 1.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3701

I. כֶּ֫סֶף (approximate number of occurrences: 402) noun masculine^{Genesis 23:9} — silver, money.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Phoenician כסף
• Zinjirli כסף
• Aramaic כַּסְפָּא
• Palmyrene כספא
• Assyrian kaspu

— כֶּ֫סֶף absolute Genesis 20:16 +, כָּ֑סֶף Exodus 21:11 +; construct כֶּ֫סֶף Exodus 43:21 +; suffix כַּסְפִּי Genesis 42:28, כַּסְפְּךָ 1 Kings 20:3, כַּסְפֵּנוּ Genesis 31:15; plural suffix כַּסְפֵּיהֶם Genesis 42:25, 35 etc.

1. Silver ore, raw silver

(Rare and mostly late):

• Job 28:1
• figurative Ezekiel 22:20, 22
• Zechariah 13:9
• Proverbs 2:4; 17:3; 27:21
• Malachi 3:3
• Psalm 12:7; Psalm 66:10
• Isaiah 48:10
• הָגוּ סִיגִים מִכֶּסֶף Proverbs 25:4 remove dross from silver, compare סִיגִים כֶּסֶף Proverbs 26:23 and סִיגִים כֶּסֶף Ezekiel 22:18
• כֶּסֶף נִמְאָס Jeremiah 6:30

2. Silver as bright, shining

figurative of dove's wings:

• כַּנְפֵי יוֹנָה נֶחְפָּה בַכֶּסֶף Psalm 68:14

3. Silver as wealth

• Genesis 13:2 (Yahwist Source)
• Frequently with gold, etc. (+ זָהָב) Numbers 22:18; Numbers 24:13
• figurative of a slave as valuable, כַּסְפּוֹ הוּא Exodus 21:21 (Elohist Source)
• Silver as less valuable than gold 1 Kings 10:21; 2 Chronicles 9:20
• כֶּסֶף נִבְחָר choice silver, Proverbs 8:19; Proverbs 10:20

4. Silver as spoil of war

• (With זָהָב) Judges 5:19; 2 Samuel 8:11 = 1 Chronicles 18:11

5. Silver as merchandise

• Ezekiel 27:12
• סְחַר־כֶּסֶף Proverbs 3:14
• Zephaniah 1:11

6. Silver as costly gift

• (With זָהָב) 1 Kings 15:18, 19
• 2 Kings 16:8; 2 Kings 18:15
• Isaiah 60:9; Daniel 11:38

7. Silver as material

• Of cup Genesis 44:2 (Yahwist Source)
• Of trumpets Numbers 10:2 (Priestly Code)
• כְּלֵי־כֶסֶף Genesis 24:53
• Of idols Exodus 20:23; Isaiah 2:20; Deuteronomy 29:16; Psalm 115:4
• Fittings of tabernacle Exodus 26–27; 36; 38

8. Silver as measure of weight and value

a. shekels

• שְׁלֹשִׁים שְׁקָלִים כֶּסֶף Exodus 21:32 (JE)
• Leviticus 5:15; Numbers 18:16 (Priestly Code)
• אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף Genesis 23:15, 16 (Priestly Code)

b. shekel omitted

• Genesis 20:16; Genesis 45:22 (Elohist Source)
• Genesis 37:28 (Yahwist Source)
• Hosea 3:2; Song of Solomon 8:11

c. talents

• כִּכַּר הַכֶּסֶף Exodus 38:27 (Priestly Code)
• 1 Kings 20:39; 2 Kings 5:22; 2 Kings 15:19
• 1 Chronicles 22:14; Ezra 8:26

d. minas

• מָנִים חֲמֵשֶׁת אֲלָפִים כֶּסֶף Ezra 2:69; Nehemiah 7:70

e. money (measure of value and exchange)

• Genesis 31:15; Genesis 42:25 (Elohist Source)
• מִקְנַת כֶּסֶף one bought for money Genesis 17:12, 13 (Priestly Code)
• כֶּסֶף מָלֵא full price Genesis 23:9
• כֶּסֶף אָשָׁם 2 Kings 12:17 trespass-money
• כֶּסֶף הַכִּפֻּרִים Exodus 30:16 atonement-money

9. Verbs and phrases used with כֶּ֫סֶף

• צרף try, refine, Zechariah 13:9; Isaiah 48:10
• שָׁקַל כֶּסֶף weigh out silver Jeremiah 32:9; Genesis 23:16
• מָכַר בְּכֶסֶף sell for money Amos 2:6; Genesis 37:28
• קָנָה בְכֶסֶף buy for money Amos 8:6; Jeremiah 32:25
• נָתַן כֶּסֶף בְּנֶשֶׁךְ give money on usury Leviticus 25:37; Psalm 15:5

¹ Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae Hebraeae et Chaldaeae veteris Testamenti (1829–1858).

² W. Robertson Smith, Journal of Philology, xiv. 125.

Prep-M, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἀργύριον ἀργυρίου ἀργυρίῳ ἀργυρᾶν ἀργυρᾶ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3701:

ἀργύριον 156× (36.0%)

ἀργυρίου 104× (25.5%)

ἀργυρίῳ 18× (4.1%)

ἀργυρᾶν 15× (3.9%)

ἀργυρᾶ 11× (2.7%)

'' 11× (2.5%)

ἀργυροῦν 11× (2.8%)

ἀργυραῖ 9× (2.3%)

ἀργυρᾶσ 7× (1.8%)

--- 7× (1.8%)

נבחר נִבְחָר׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בחר

bâchar

Definition

properly, to try, i.e. (by implication) select

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H977

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בַּחַר

noun masculine • Root בחר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 233

same as בָּחוּר (young man/select)

בָּחַר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 233

I. 1. to prove (metals by the fire), to glow, to purify; to try, to examine. 2. to choose, to seek out, to select, to test; to have pleasure in, to love. (Niph. to be chosen; Puh. to be selected)

בָּחַר

verb • Root בחר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 233

II. (not used) 1. to mature, ripen. 2. to hasten forwards, to advance.

בָּחַר

verb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 233

III. (not used) to be deep, low, prop. divided through, deepened.

בַּחֻרִים

noun proper • Root בחר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 234

Low ground, low land; a Benjaminite city in the vicinity of Jerusalem.

בַּחֻרִים

noun masculine plural • Lemma_Lookup • Page 234

Youth.

בַּחֲרֻם

noun proper • Root בחר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 234

Low ground; a city whence one of David's heroes sprang.

יִבְחַר

noun proper masculine • Root בחר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 571

chooser, selecter (viz. Jah is); a proper name.

מִבְחָר

masculine noun / proper noun • Root בחר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 803

1. The select, finest, best. 2. A youth; also a proper masculine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בָּחַר

verb • Page 92

1. To choose, select, elect. 2. To take pleasure in any thing or any body, to like, be pleased. 3. As in Aram. to prove, examine.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H977

בָּחַר verb choose (compare Aramaic בְּחַר, Syriac ܒܚܪ, Assyrian bēru (√ בּאַר)¹).

Cognates:

• Aramaic בְּחַר
• Syriac ܒܚܪ
• Assyrian bēru (√ בּאַר)¹

Qal

Perfect בָּחַר Deuteronomy 7:6 (66 times); יִבְחַר Isaiah 41:24 (60 times); אֶבְחַר Job 29:25 (Baer); Imperative בְּחַר Exodus 17:9 (5 times); Infinitive absolute בָּחֹר 1 Samuel 2:28; Isaiah 7:15, 16; Infinitive construct suffix בָּחֳרִי Ezekiel 20:5; Participle בֹּחֵר 1 Samuel 20:30; Zechariah 3:2; passive בָּחוּר Exodus 14:7 (18 times).

1. With בְּ (in)

a. Divine choice

• Of Abraham Nehemiah 9:7
• Israel Deuteronomy 7:7; Isaiah 44:1; Ezekiel 20:5; to become his people Deuteronomy 7:6; 14:2; Jeshurun Isaiah 44:2
• The seed of the patriarchs Deuteronomy 4:37; 10:15
• Levites Deuteronomy 18:5; 21:5; 1 Chronicles 15:2; 2 Chronicles 29:11
• Aaron Psalm 105:26
• Judah 1 Chronicles 28:4 not Ephraim Psalm 78:67
• Levi and Judah Jeremiah 33:24
• The king Deuteronomy 17:15, especially David 1 Samuel 10:24; 16:8, 9, 10; 2 Samuel 6:21; 1 Kings 8:16 (= 2 Chronicles 6:6) 1 Chronicles 28:4, 5; 29:1; 6:5; Psalm 78:70
• Others Numbers 16:5; 17:20 (P) Haggai 2:23
• Place of sacrifice Deuteronomy 12:18; 14:25; 16:7, 15; 17:8; 2 Chronicles 7:12
• The city 1 Kings 8:16, 44 (= 2 Chronicles 6:5, 34) 1 Kings 11:32; Jerusalem 2 Chronicles 6:6; Isaiah 14:1; Zechariah 1:17; 2:16; Zechariah 3:2; Zion Psalm 132:13; delusions Isaiah 66:4

b. Man's choice

• Of ways Proverbs 3:31; Isaiah 66:3
• Good things Isaiah 7:15, 16
• Life Deuteronomy 30:19
• Gods Judges 10:14; Isaiah 41:24
• God's pleasure Isaiah 56:4; 65:12; 66:4

2. With אֲשֶׁר (which)

a. Divine choice

• Israel Isaiah 41:8 יַעֲקֹב אֲשֶׁר בָּחַרְתִּיךָ, 43:10
• The people 1 Kings 3:8; Psalm 33:12
• Men Numbers 16:7 (P) Psalm 65:5
• King 2 Samuel 16:18; 1 Kings 11:34
• Place of sacrifice Deuteronomy 12:14, 26; 15:20; 17:10; 31:11 (D) Joshua 9:27 (P), especially לָשֻׁם שְׁמוֹ שָׁם Deuteronomy 12:5, 21; 14:24, לְשַׁכֵּן שְׁמוֹ שָׁם 12:11; 14:23; 16:2, 6, 11; Nehemiah 1:9
• The city 1 Kings 8:48 (= 2 Chronicles 6:38), לָשֻׁם שְׁמִי שָׁם 1 Kings 11:36; 14:21 (= 2 Chronicles 12:13); Jerusalem 1 Kings 11:13; 2 Kings 21:7 (= 2 Chronicles 33:7) 2 Kings 23:27
• Fast Isaiah 58:5, 6
• Way Psalm 25:12

b. Man's choice

• Place to dwell in Deuteronomy 23:7
• Gardens Isaiah 1:29
• King 1 Samuel 12:13
• Wives Genesis 6:2 (J)
• What to do 2 Samuel 15:15

3. With accusative and לְ (to)

Choose someone or something for:

a. Divine choice

• Of Levi 1 Samuel 2:28
• Jacob Psalm 135:4; 135:5
• Inheritance Psalm 47:5

b. Human choice

• Persons Exodus 17:9; Joshua 24:15, 22 (E) 1 Samuel 8:18; 13:12; 2 Samuel 24:12 (= 1 Chronicles 21:20)
• Things Genesis 13:11 (J) 1 Samuel 17:40; 1 Kings 18:23, 25; Job 34:4

4. With accusative and מִן (from)

Choose, select from 2 Samuel 10:9 (= 1 Chronicles 19:10).

5. With accusative

a. Divine choice

• Temple 2 Chronicles 7:16
• Judah Psalm 78:68
• Servant Isaiah 41:9; 49:7

b. Man's choice

• Persons Exodus 18:28 (E) Judges 5:8; Joshua 8:3 (J) 2 Samuel 17:1
• Things Job 7:15; 9:14; 15:5; 29:25; 34:33; Psalm 119:30; 119:173; Proverbs 1:29; Isaiah 40:20

6. With עַל (upon)

כִּי עַל זֶה בָּחַרְתָּ מַעֲנִי for this thou hast chosen rather than affliction Job 36:21; with accusative and עַל pregnantly כָּל אֲשֶׁר תִּבְחַר עָלַי all that thou choosest (to lay) upon me 2 Samuel 19:39.

7. With לְ (to) of accusative

1 Samuel 20:30 (many manuscripts have בְּ; but חָבֵר companion²).

The participle בָּחוּר chosen, of a ruler Psalm 89:20, warrior Jeremiah 49:19 (= 50:44); as cedars Song of Solomon 5:15; collective רֶכֶב בָּחוּר chosen chariots Exodus 14:7 (E); אִישׁ בָּחוּר chosen men, warriors Judges 20:15, 16, 34; 1 Samuel 24:3; 2 Chronicles 13:3, 17, for which בָּחוּר alone 1 Kings 12:21 2 Chronicles 11:1; 25:5; בְּחוּרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל 1 Samuel 26:2; Psalm 78:31; 2 Samuel 10:9 בְּחוּרֵי בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל (|| 1 Chronicles 19:10 בָּחוּר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, doubtless the true reading, as 2 Samuel 6:1).

8. Test, try

(Aramaic = בְּחַן) בְּחַרְתִּיךָ בְּכוּר עֹנִי I have tested thee in the furnace of affliction Isaiah 48:10³.

Niphal

נִבְחַר Jeremiah 8:3; Participle נִבְחָר Proverbs 8:10 (5 times).

To be chosen.

a. Absolute chosen, choice Proverbs 8:10, 19; 10:20.

b. Construct מִן, וְנִבְחַר מוּת מֵחַיִּים death will be chosen rather than life Jeremiah 8:3; choicer than Proverbs 16:16; 22:1; נִבְחַר לַיהוָה מִזֶּבַח choicer (more acceptable) to Yahweh than peace-offering Proverbs 21:3.

Pual

יֻבְחַר chosen, selected Ecclesiastes 9:4 (יֻחְבַּר Qr).

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament, Leipzig, 1886.

² Many manuscripts have בְּ; but חָבֵר companion (compare Julius Wellhausen, Die Composition des Hexateuchs, Berlin, 1876; Samuel Rolles Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel, Oxford, 1890).

³ I have tested thee in the furnace of affliction (compare Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 §§ 90, 3b, 96; Heinrich Ewald, Commentary on the Prophets of the Old Testament; Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Isaiah; Thomas Kelly Cheyne, The Prophecies of Isaiah; Samuel Rolles Driver, Isaiah: His Life and Times), but chosen (compare Rashi, Commentary on Isaiah; John Calvin, Commentary on Isaiah; Authorized Version).

Verb Niphal participle active masculine singular absolute

LXX:

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H0977:

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RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
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Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
My fruit is good above gold, and above pure gold; and my gain above tried silver.

LITV Translation:
My fruit is better than gold, yea, than fine gold; and my increase is better than the best silver.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
It is better to have my fruit than to have gold and precious stones; And my produce is better than choice silver.