Proverbs 27:3

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

כבד כֹּבֶד־

make heavy/honor

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כבד

kôbed

Definition

weight, multitude, vehemence

Root

from H3513 (כבד);

Exhaustive

from כבד; weight, multitude, vehemence; grievousness, heavy, great number.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3514

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּד

abbreviation • Root עבד • Consonantal / Low • Page 220

abridged from עֶבֶד, and still more בַּד, in proper names compounded with it

Matched after stripping common prefixes

בַּד

noun masculine • Root בדד • Consonantal / Low • Page 219

I. 1. dismembered, singled out, separated; hence separation, part. 2. solitude, emptiness. Used as a preposition/adverb (לְבַד) meaning: alone, only, besides, except.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

בַּד

noun masculine • Root בדד • Consonantal / Low • Page 219

II. 1. yarn, thread, yarn-web; particularly white linen garments of priests. 2. branches of a tree, poles, bars, staves; members of the body.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

בַּד

noun masculine • Root בדד • Consonantal / Low • Page 219

III. speech, talk, chatter; hence lies, brag; liars/astrologers.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

בַּד

unknown • Consonantal / Low • Page 220

see בַּדּ

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3514

I. כֹּ֫בֶד noun masculine — heaviness.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Heaviness, weight

• of a stone Proverbs 27:3

b. Mass, abundance

• of corpses Nahum 3:3

c. Vehemence

• of war Isaiah 21:15
• of storm Isaiah 30:27

Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H3514:

No stats available

אבן אֶ֭בֶן

stone

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אבן

ʼeben

Definition

a stone

Root

from the root of H1129 (בנה) through the meaning to build;

Exhaustive

from the root of בנה through the meaning to build; a stone; [phrase] carbuncle, [phrase] mason, [phrase] plummet, (chalk-, hail-, head-, sling-) stone(-ny), (divers) weight(-s).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H68

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶבֶן

noun feminine • Root אבן • Strongs_Numbers • Page 54

A rock, a stone; often as material: smooth stones, precious stones, ore.

אֶבֶן

noun feminine • Root אבן • Strongs_Numbers • Page 55

A stone. (Definite form: אַבְנָא). Used in Daniel 2:34, 45. Also 'a burdensome stone' (Ezra 5:8, 6:4), referring to heavy large stones.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶבֶן

noun feminine • Page 22

1. stone (Gen. 31: 46; Job 28: 2). 2. by way of eminence, a precious stone (1 K. 10: 2, 11). 3. rock, fortress, in a metaphorical sense (Gen. 49: 24). 4. a weight (Zech. 5: 8; Is. 34: 11). 5. אֶבֶן הָעֵזֶר (stone of help) proper name of a stone placed by Samuel (1 Sam. 4: 1). 6. אֶבֶן הָאָזֶל (stone of departure) proper name (1 Sam. 20: 19).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H68

I. אֶבֶן (approximate number of occurrences: 274) noun feminine Genesis 29:2 (masculine 1 Samuel 17:40 ?) — stone.

Cognates:

• Assyrian abnu
• Phoenician אבן
• Aramaic אֶבֶן
• Syriac ܐܒܢܐ
• Ethiopic እብን
• Sabean [ם]אב (D. H. Müller¹, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1883, 341)

— אֶבֶן absolute Genesis 28:22 +; אָבֶן Genesis 11:3 +; construct Genesis 49:24 +; suffix אַבְנוֹ 2 Kings 3:25; אֲבָנִים Genesis 31:46 +, etc.; — a stone (large or small).

1. In Natural State

• Used as pillow Genesis 28:11, Genesis 28:18 (E²);
• Seat Exodus 17:12 (E);
• Cover of well Genesis 29:2, Genesis 29:3 (twice in verse); Genesis 29:8, Genesis 29:10 (J);
• Causation of stumbling Isaiah 8:14;
• Marring good ground 2 Kings 3:19, 2 Kings 3:25;
• Hand-missile Exodus 21:18 (JE) Numbers 35:17, Numbers 35:23 (P) 2 Samuel 16:6, 2 Samuel 16:13;
• Especially in judicial stoning, with verb רָגַם Leviticus 20:2, Leviticus 20:27; Leviticus 24:23; Numbers 14:10; Numbers 15:35, Numbers 15:36; Joshua 7:25a (all P), so also Deuteronomy 21:21; 2 Chronicles 24:21; Ezekiel 16:40; Ezekiel 23:47; compare 1 Kings 12:18 2 Chronicles 10:18;
• With verb סָקַל Deuteronomy 13:11; Deuteronomy 17:5; Deuteronomy 22:21, Deuteronomy 22:24; 1 Kings 21:13; also Joshua 7:25b (JE or D);
• Sling-stones Judges 20:16; 1 Samuel 17:40, 1 Samuel 17:49 (twice in verse); 1 Samuel 17:50; 2 Chronicles 26:14;
• Hurled by engines 2 Chronicles 26:15;
• Set up for inscribing law Deuteronomy 27:2, Deuteronomy 27:4, Deuteronomy 27:8; Joshua 8:32 (all D);
• As memorial Joshua 4:3, Joshua 4:5, Joshua 4:6, Joshua 4:7, Joshua 4:8, Joshua 4:9, Joshua 4:20, Joshua 4:21 (JED) 1 Samuel 7:12;
• As sacred pillar (מַצֵּבָה) Genesis 28:18; Genesis 35:14 (anointed with oil), Genesis 28:22 (= בֵּית אֱלֹהִים) compare רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשְׂרָאֵל Genesis 49:24 (see Dillmann);
• As witness Genesis 31:45 compare Joshua 24:26, Joshua 24:27 (all JE);
• Plural gathered into heap (גַּל) over dead, Joshua 7:26 (see Dillmann) Joshua 8:29; compare Joshua 10:18, Joshua 10:27 (JE) 2 Samuel 18:17;
• גַּל on which meal was eaten, in a compact Genesis 31:46 (twice in verse) (JE);
• Built into altar Exodus 20:25; Deuteronomy 27:5, Deuteronomy 27:6 (JED) Joshua 8:31; 1 Kings 18:31, 1 Kings 18:32, 1 Kings 18:38; compare 2 Kings 23:15 (for הַבָּמָה) (Klostermann);
• Of figured stone (forbidden) מַשְׂכִּית אֶבֶן Leviticus 26:1 (H);
• גְּדוֹלָה אֶבֶן where ark rested 1 Samuel 6:14, 1 Samuel 6:15 also 1 Samuel 6:18 (see אַבֶל quod vide).

2. As Material

• Of tablets Exodus 24:12; Exodus 31:18; Exodus 34:1 (plural) Exodus 34:4; Exodus 34:4 (JE) Deuteronomy 4:13; Deuteronomy 5:19; Deuteronomy 9:9, Deuteronomy 9:10, Deuteronomy 9:11; Deuteronomy 10:1, Deuteronomy 10:3;
• Of vessels, hence probably Exodus 7:19 (P; אֶבֶן = vessels of stone " עֲצִיִּים") see Dillmann;
• Idols (" עֵץ") Deuteronomy 4:28; Deuteronomy 28:36, Deuteronomy 28:64; Deuteronomy 29:16; 2 Kings 19:18 = Isaiah 37:19; also Jeremiah 3:9; Ezekiel 20:32;
• Pavement 2 Kings 16:17;
• Edifice 1 Kings 6:7 compare Genesis 11:3; also 2 Samuel 5:11; 2 Kings 12:13; 1 Chronicles 22:15;
• Often plural of (worked) stones Leviticus 14:40, Leviticus 14:42 (twice in verse); Leviticus 14:43, Leviticus 14:45 (P; in wall of house) 2 Kings 22:6 +, compare of city-wall Nehemiah 3:35; of (ruined) city 1 Kings 15:22; Nehemiah 3:34;
• Tomb Isaiah 14:19;
• אֲבָנִים יְקָרוֹת (costly building-stones) 1 Kings 5:31; 1 Kings 7:9, 1 Kings 7:10, 1 Kings 7:11 (see also below 3);
• אַבְנֵי שִׁישׁ = marble (see below) 1 Chronicles 29:2;
• אַבְנֵי גָזִית = hewn stones 1 Kings 5:31; 1 Chronicles 22:2; Ezekiel 40:42 (for altar-tables), — compare גָּזִית;
• מַחְצַב אֶבֶן 2 Kings 12:13; 2 Kings 22:6; 2 Chronicles 34:11;
• Foundation-stone, corner-stone Isaiah 28:16; Jeremiah 51:26; Job 38:6; Psalm 118:22;
• Cap-stone, completing the building, הָרֹאשָׁנָה אֶבֶן הָאֶזֶן Zechariah 4:7 (but see רֹאשׁ מִנָּה Psalm 118:22 as above), Zechariah 3:9 upon one stone seven eyes, probably refers to this cap- or head-stone; the eyes are symbol of God's watchfulness; perhaps explaining cup-stones found in Orient, see Guthe Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 1890, 129;
• Stone-cutters חָרָשִׁי אֶבֶן 2 Samuel 5:11; 1 Chronicles 22:15; חֹצְבֵי הָאֶבֶן 2 Kings 12:13 compare 1 Chronicles 22:2.

3. Precious Stones

• Generally with modifying word יְקָרָה אֶבֶן collective 2 Samuel 12:30; 1 Kings 10:2 + often (see 2);
• הַשֹּׁהַם אֶבֶן Genesis 2:12 (J) compare Exodus 25:7; Exodus 28:9; Exodus 35:9, Exodus 35:27; Exodus 39:6 (P) 1 Chronicles 29:2;
• מִלֻּאִים אֶבֶן Exodus 25:7; Exodus 35:9, Exodus 35:27 compare 1 Chronicles 29:2;
• סַמִּיר אֶבֶן Ezekiel 1:26; Ezekiel 10:1;
• אַבְנֵי אֶקְדָּח Isaiah 54:12;
• חֹפֶץ אֶבֶן ibid.;
• אַבְנֵי פוּךְ וְרִקְמָה 1 Chronicles 29:2;
• חֵן אֶבֶן Proverbs 17:8;
• On אַבְנֵי אֵשׁ (stones of fire) Ezekiel 28:14, Ezekiel 28:16 as precious stones = Assyrian aban išāti (?) see Delitzsch Wo lag das Paradies? 118 & Wright 40; but Smend and others thunderbolts;
• Also without distinctive modifier Exodus 25:7; Exodus 35:9;
• חָרַשׁ אֶבֶן engraver in stone Exodus 28:11; compare Exodus 31:5; Exodus 35:33 (P).

4. Stones Containing Metal, Ore

• Deuteronomy 8:9 (see Dillmann) Job 28:2 compare Job 28:3.

5. A Weight

• Originally stone (see Proverbs 27:3 compare English weight stone = 14 lb) אַבְנֵי כִּיס Proverbs 16:11 (compare Assyrian Delitzsch Wo lag das Paradies? 38);
• הַמֶּלַח אֶבֶן 2 Samuel 14:26 (i.e. accusative to royal standard; compare Genesis 23:16);
• וָאֶבֶן Deuteronomy 25:13; Proverbs 20:10, Proverbs 20:23 (i.e. different weights, for dishonest use);
• כִּיס אַבְנֵי מִרְמָה Micah 6:11;
• Just weights אַבְנֵי צֶדֶק Leviticus 19:36;
• שֶׁלֶמָה אֶבֶן Proverbs 11:1;
• Hence also heavy mass of metal (lead) Zechariah 5:8.

6. Plummet

• Isaiah 34:11 (stones of devastation, or emptiness, compare on sense 2 Kings 21:13; Amos 7:7, 8); also made of metal הַבְּדִיל אֶבֶן הָאֶזֶן Zechariah 4:10 (conversely plummet from plumbum).

7. Objects Like Stones; Particle Hail

• Explicitly, אַבְנֵי הַבָּרָד Joshua 10:11 compare Isaiah 30:30;
• אֶלְגָּבִישׁ אֶבֶן Ezekiel 13:11, Ezekiel 13:18; Ezekiel 38:22;
• But also אֲבָנִים גְּדֹלֹת Joshua 10:11 (E) (compare Assyrian Delitzsch Wo lag das Paradies? 38);
• Lime-stones אַבְנֵי גִּיר Isaiah 27:9.

8. In Simile (Mostly Poetry)

• Of sinking in water Exodus 15:5 = Nehemiah 9:11;
• Motionlessness Exodus 15:16;
• Strength Job 6:12;
• Firmness Job 41:16;
• Solidity (of ice) Job 38:30;
• In prose, of commonness 1 Kings 10:27; 2 Chronicles 1:15;
• Also metaphor of one in fear 1 Samuel 25:37 (i.e. petrified with terror, compare Exodus 15:16 above);
• אֶבֶן לֵב = perverse, hard heart Ezekiel 11:19; Ezekiel 36:26;
• אַבְנֵי נֵזֶר Zechariah 9:16 (of ransomed Israel) — אֶבֶן personified Habakkuk 2:11 compare Ezekiel 13:11 (see 7 above).

9. In Topographic Terms (Nearly = Proper Name)

• אֶבֶן בֹּהַן Joshua 15:6; Joshua 18:17;
• הָעֶזֶר אֶבֶן 1 Samuel 5:1;
• Compare 1 Samuel 7:12, also 1 Samuel 4:1 (Wellhausen Driver);
• הַזֹּחֶלֶת אֶבֶן 1 Kings 1:9 (where Wellhausen Skizzen III, 171 compare Arabic Zuhal = Saturn).

אַרְגָּב noun masculine heap, mound (probably); — so read 1 Samuel 20:19 (for אֶבֶן), 1 Samuel 20:41 (for נָּנִי), see Targum (αργαβ, ἁργαβ), Thenius Wellhausen Driver Klostermann Budde Haupt Studien.

II. אֶבֶן noun feminine Daniel 2:34 stone (Biblical Hebrew idem); — absolute אֶבֶן Daniel 2:34 +; אַבְנָא Daniel 2:35; — 1 a (the) stone Daniel 2:34, Daniel 2:35, Daniel 2:45; Daniel 6:18. 2 stone, material of idols Daniel 5:4, Daniel 5:23; of buildings Ezra 5:8; Ezra 6:4.

¹ D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1883, 341.

² J = Jehovist (Yahwist) Source; E = Elohist Source.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0068:

No stats available

ונטל וְנֵטֶל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נטל

nêṭel

Definition

a burden

Root

; from H5190 (נטל);

Exhaustive

; from נטל; a burden; weighty.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5192

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נֵ֫טֶל

noun masculine • Root נטל • Consonantal / Low • Page 966

prop. carriage, hence burden, load.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

נְטַל

adjective / masculine • Root טלל • Consonantal / Low • Page 965

Bearing, hence laden; lengthened from נֵטֶל.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

נְטַל

verb • Root נטל • Consonantal / Low • Page 966

Pihel. to take up, to bear.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

נְטַל

verb • Root נטל • Consonantal / Low • Page 966

Aram. tr. to lift up, to bear; pass. to be lifted up.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

נָטַל

verb • Root נטל • Consonantal / Low • Page 966

prop. to raise, to lift up, to lift away, to heave away, hence to carry.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נֵטֶל

noun masculine • Root נטל • Page 440

Heaviness, weight. Prov. 27:3. verbal from נָטַל.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5192

I. נֵ֫טֶל noun masculine — burden, weight.

— construct נֵטֶל of sand, Proverbs 27:3 (parallel כֹּבֶד).

Conjunction, Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H5192:

No stats available

החול הַחוֹל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חול

chôwl

Definition

sand (as round or whirling particles)

Root

from H2342 (חול);

Exhaustive

from חול; sand (as round or whirling particles); sand.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2344

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חוֹל

noun masculine • Root חול • Strongs / High • Page 465

II. The name of a bird, traditionally identified as the phoenix, a mythical bird that burns itself and is reborn from its ashes.

חוֹל

noun • Root חול • Strongs / High • Page 466

sand; also mentioned as an alternative reading for ashes in Job 29, 18.

חוֹל

noun masculine • Root חול • Strongs / High • Page 467

sand, prop. the small round stones that roll about; a figure of what is weighty and of multitude.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חוֹל

noun masculine • Root חול • Page 218

1. sand (Ex. 2:12); often in the phrase חול ימים, חול הים, sand of the sea (Gen. 32:13, Job 6:3). 2. Job 29:18, according to Jewish commentators, the bird phoenix.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2344

I. חוֹל (compare Hosea 2:1) noun masculine — sand (perhaps as turning or whirling; otherwise explained by Stade¹, see below חֲוִילָה).

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic חָלָא
• Syriac חָלָא

— חוֹל absolute Genesis 22:17 (15 times); construct Genesis 32:13 (6 times); — sand Exodus 2:12 (Elohist Source); set as bound for sea Jeremiah 5:22; שְׂפֻנֵי טְמוּנֵי חוֹל Deuteronomy 33:19 hidden treasures of sand, poetic for glass (regarded as mysteriously produced out of sand, see Dillmann² and references).

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Usually sand of seashore, simile of numberlessness, vastness

• Of Abraham's seed Genesis 22:17 (Jehovist Source; compare Genesis 15:5)
• Of Jacob's seed Genesis 32:13 (Elohist Source)
• Of a host Joshua 11:4 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Judges 7:12; 1 Samuel 13:5; 2 Samuel 17:11
• Of a people 1 Kings 4:20; Hosea 2:1; Isaiah 10:22; Isaiah 48:19 (+ וְצֶאֱצָאֵי מֶעֶיךָ כִּמְעֹתָ֑יו), Jeremiah 33:22; Habakkuk 1:9
• Of corn gathered by Joseph Genesis 41:49
• Of days of Job Job 29:18 (on interpretation = phoenix, see Dillmann²)
• Of birds עוֹף כָּנָף (i.e. quails) Psalm 78:27 (+ כֶּעָפָר)
• Of vast extent of Solomon's wisdom 1 Kings 5:9

b. In comparison, more than the sand

• Widows of Judah Jeremiah 15:8
• Thoughts of God Psalm 139:18

c. Of weight (in balances)

Metaphor of Job's vexation (כַּעַשׂ) Job 6:3 heavier than the sand, compare וְנֵטֶל הַחוֹל Proverbs 27:3 (+ כֹּבֶד אֶבֶן), said of כַּעַס אֱוִיל.

2. Idiomatic Combinations

• כְּחוֹל אֲשֶׁר עַל־שְׂפַת הַיָּם Genesis 22:17; Joshua 11:4; 1 Samuel 13:5; 1 Kings 5:9
• כְּחוֹל הַיָּם Genesis 32:13; Genesis 41:49; Isaiah 10:22; Hosea 2:1 (+ אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יִמַּד וְלֹא יִסָּפֵר)
• חוֹל הַיָּם Jeremiah 33:22
• כְּחוֹל שֶׁעַל־שְׂפַת הַיָּם לָרֹב Judges 7:12
• כְּחוֹל אֲשֶׁר־עַל־הַיָּם לָרֹב 2 Samuel 17:11; 1 Kings 4:20
• (מִ)חוֹל יַמִּים Job 6:3; Psalm 78:27; Jeremiah 15:8

¹ Bernhard Stade, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879).

² August Dillmann, Commentaries on the Hexateuch / Job / Psalms.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ὡσ ἄμμοσ ἄμμον ὥσπερ ὡσεὶ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2344:

ὡσ 10× (30.3%)

ἄμμοσ 10× (22.4%)

ἄμμον 8× (18.1%)

ὥσπερ 3× (9.2%)

ὡσεὶ 2× (5.7%)

וכעס וְכַעַס

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כעס

kaʻaç

Definition

vexation

Root

or (in Job) כעש; from H3707 (כעס);

Exhaustive

or (in Job) כעש; from כעס; vexation; anger, angry, grief, indignation, provocation, provoking, [idiom] sore, sorrow, spite, wrath.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3708

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כַּעַס

noun • Root כעס • Strongs / High • Page 755

a grief

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כַּעַס

m. verbal • Root כעס • Page 325

grief, vexation, sorrow. Ecc. 1:18, 2:23. Prov. 17:25, 21:19.

כָּעַס

verb • Page 324

1. to be grieved, out of humour, displeased. Ecc. 5: 16. 7: 9. 2. to be angry. Ezek. 16: 42. Pi. and Hiph. to cause ill-humour/displeasure. Deut. 32: 21. 1 Sam. 1: 6.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3708

I. כַּ֫עַס (approximate number of occurrences: 25) noun masculine — vexation, anger.

— כַּ֫עַס absolute Deuteronomy 32:27 (13 times); כָּ֑עַס Proverbs 21:19, Ecclesiastes 1:18; suffix כַּעְסִי 1 Samuel 1:16, כַּעַסְךָ Psalm 85:5, כַּעְסוֹ Proverbs 12:16, 1 Kings 15:30; plural כְּעָסִים 2 Kings 23:26.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Of men

Especially caused by unmerited treatment:

• 1 Samuel 1:6, 16
• Proverbs 12:16
• Proverbs 17:25
• Proverbs 21:19
• Proverbs 27:3
• Ecclesiastes 7:9

b. Vexation, anger of Yahweh

Caused especially by worship of other gods:

• 1 Kings 15:30
• 1 Kings 21:22
• 2 Kings 23:26
• (+ עִמָּנוּ) Psalm 85:5 anger with us
• (+ בָּנָיו) Deuteronomy 32:19 anger against his sons
• (+ אוֺיֵב) Deuteronomy 32:27 anger against the enemy (both object Genitive, see Di¹; RV² provocation of, compare Dr³)
• (+ קָרְבָּנָם) Ezekiel 20:28 provocation of their offering (so RV² but Co⁴ strike out, rightly)

c. Vexation, grief

• Psalm 6:8
• Psalm 10:14
• Psalm 31:10
• Ecclesiastes 1:18
• Ecclesiastes 2:23
• Ecclesiastes 7:3
• Ecclesiastes 11:10
• כעס Ecclesiastes 5:16 (accusative Ew⁵ aI)

II. כַּ֫עַשׂ noun masculine (dialectic variation of כַּעַם, only in Job); — כַּ֫עַשׂ Job 17:7, כָּ֑עָשׂ Job 5:2; suffix כַּעְשִׂי Job 6:2, כַּעַשְׂךָ Job 10:17.

1. vexation, grief of men
   • Job 5:2 (compare Proverbs 12:16; Proverbs 27:3)
   • Proverbs 6:2
   • Proverbs 17:7
2. vexation, anger of God
   • (+ כַּעַשְׂךָ עִמָּדִי) Job 10:17 thine anger with me

¹ August Dillmann.

² Revised Version.

³ S. R. Driver.

⁴ C. H. Cornill.

⁵ Heinrich Ewald.

Conjunction, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ὀργὴν θυμοσ ὀργὴ θυμοῦ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3708a:

ὀργὴν 3× (10.7%)

θυμοσ 2× (8.0%)

ὀργὴ 2× (8.0%)

θυμοῦ 2× (6.8%)

אויל אֱ֝וִ֗יל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אויל

ʼĕvîyl

Definition

(figuratively) silly

Root

from an unused root (meaning to be perverse);

Exhaustive

from an unused root (meaning to be perverse); (figuratively) silly; fool(-ish) (man).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H191

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֱוִיל

noun masculine • Root אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 76

A fool; properly slack, loose, and by a common transference to folly, badness.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֱוִיל

adjective • Root אול • Page 30

Foolish or a fool; often associated with impiety. Common in the book of Proverbs (e.g., Prov. 1:7, 10:14, 21:12).

אֱוִיל

obsolete root • Page 31

To be foolish. Deriv. אֱוִיל foolish, אִוֶּלֶת foolishness. By metath. this verb becomes יָאַל = נִאֵל Niph. to be foolish.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H191

אֱוִיל (26 times) adjective — foolish

— אֱוִיל absolute Job 5:2 +; plural אֱוִילִים Psalm 107:17 +, etc.

1. foolish, Proverbs 29:9 (כְּאִישׁ אֱוִיל) Hosea 9:7 (predicate of prophet); compare Isaiah 35:8.

Elsewhere noun masculine fool (always morally bad), who despises wisdom & discipline Proverbs 1:7; Proverbs 15:5; mocks at guilt Proverbs 14:9; is quarrelsome Proverbs 20:3; licentious Proverbs 7:22; it is folly & useless to instruct him Proverbs 16:22; Proverbs 27:22 (19 times in Proverbs); compare also Jeremiah 4:22; Job 5:2, Job 5:3; Isaiah 19:11; Psalm 107:17.

¹ "t." stands for "times" (following a number).

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0191:

No stats available

כבד כָּבֵד

make heavy/honor

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כבד

kâbêd

Definition

heavy; figuratively in a good sense (numerous) or in a bad sense (severe, difficult, stupid)

Root

from H3513 (כבד);

Exhaustive

from כבד; heavy; figuratively in a good sense (numerous) or in a bad sense (severe, difficult, stupid); (so) great, grievous, hard(-ened), (too) heavy(-ier), laden, much, slow, sore, thick.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3515

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כָּבֵד

adjective • Root כבד • Strongs / High • Page 671

Heavy, weighty; severe; numerous; rich, abundant; honoured, valued, glorious; dull, slow (of senses or organs).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כָּבֵד

adjective • Root כבד • Page 307

1. heavy, burdensome (Prov. 27:3, Ex. 18:18). 2. slow (of speech or tongue) (Ex. 4:10, Ezek. 3:5). 3. great, numerous (1 K. 10:2). 4. rich, abounding (Gen. 13:2). 5. as a subst. the liver (Ex. 29:13, 22, Lev. 3:4, Lam. 2:11), indicative of violent grief.

כֹּבֶד

noun masculine • Root כבד • Page 307

1. weight, heaviness (Prov. 27:3). 2. vehemence, heat, rage (Is. 21:15). 3. multitude (Nah. 3:3).

כָּבַד

verb • Page 306

1. *to be heavy* (Job 6:3); of sin, *to be grievous* (Gen. 18:20). 2. *to lie or fall heavily on any one, to be chargeable* (Is. 24:20; Neh. 5:18). 3. *to be dull*, of hearing or vision (Gen. 48:10; Is. 59:1). 4. *to be hard, obdurate* (Ex. 9:7). 5. *to be honoured, respected, mighty* (Job 14:21; Ezek. 27:25). 6. *to be or become violent, vehement* (Judg. 20:34; 1 Sam. 31:3).

כִּבֵּד

verb • Root כבד • Page 307

1. causat. of Kal no. 4. to harden (1 Sam. 6:6). 2. causat. of Kal no. 5. to honour (Judg. 13:17, 2 Sam. 10:3, Ps. 86:9). Reflexively: to show one’s self great or glorious (Hag. 1:8, Ex. 14:4).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3515

I. כָּבֵד (approximate number of occurrences: 35) adjective — heavy.

— כָּבֵד absolute Genesis 41:31 (35 times); construct כְּבַד Exodus 4:10 (twice); כֶּבֶד Isaiah 1:4; plural כְּבֵדִים Exodus 17:12; construct כִּבְדֵי Ezekiel 3:5, 6.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Heavy, oppressive, or grievous

• *heavy*, a burden Psalm 38:5
• hands (weary of holding up) Exodus 17:12 (Elohist Source)
• hair of head 2 Samuel 14:26
• a corpulent old man 1 Samuel 4:18
• עַם כֶבֶד עָוֺן Isaiah 1:4 *a people heavy with* (*the burden of*) iniquity
• a cloud charged with rain Exodus 19:16 (Elohist Source)
• a rock of large size Isaiah 32:2
• *oppressive, grievous, burdensome*, a yoke 1 Kings 12:4, 11; 2 Chronicles 10:4, 11
• a famine Genesis 12:10; Genesis 41:31; Genesis 43:1; Genesis 47:4, 13 (Jehovist Source)
• the *vexation* (כַּעַס) of a fool Proverbs 27:3
• *vehement, sore*, of a mourning Genesis 50:11 (Jehovist Source)

b. Massive, abundant, numerous

• of a people עַם Numbers 20:20 (Jehovist Source); 1 Kings 3:9
• army חיל 2 Kings 6:14; 2 Kings 18:14 = Isaiah 36:2
• insect swarm Exodus 8:20 (Jehovist Source)

c. Heavy, dull

• of speech and tongue Exodus 4:10 (twice) (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• of the לֵב, *hard* Exodus 7:14 (Jehovist Source)

d. Hard, difficult

• of a thing to be done Exodus 18:18 (Elohist Source); Numbers 11:14 (Jehovist Source)
• of a language to be understood Ezekiel 3:5, 6

2. In the usage of the Jehovist Source

כָּבֵד מְאֹד is frequent:

a. Very oppressive, grievous

• of hail Exodus 9:18, 24
• murrain Exodus 9:8
• lamentation Genesis 50:10

b. Very numerous

• cattle Exodus 12:38
• army, מַחֲנֶה Genesis 50:9
• locusts Exodus 10:14
• so חַיִל 1 Kings 10:2; 2 Chronicles 9:1

c. Very rich

• במקנה *in cattle* Genesis 13:2

¹ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

² Elohist Source.

³ Jehovist-Elohist Source.

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: ἐνίσχυσεν βαρείᾳ βαρεῖ πολλὴ βαρέοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3515:

ἐνίσχυσεν 4× (9.8%)

βαρείᾳ 3× (7.4%)

βαρεῖ 3× (7.4%)

πολλὴ 2× (4.9%)

βαρέοσ 2× (4.2%)

משניהם מִשְּׁנֵיהֶם׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שנים

shᵉnayim

Definition

two; also (as ordinal) twofold

Root

dual of H8145 (שני); feminine שתים;

Exhaustive

dual of שני; feminine שתים; two; also (as ordinal) twofold; both, couple, double, second, twain, [phrase] twelfth, [phrase] twelve, [phrase] twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8147

הם

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9028

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁנַיִם

numeral • Root שנה • Strongs / High • Page 1459

Two. (Masculine dual numeral, absolute state; construct state is שְׁנֵי). Used as a numeral, substitute, or adjective, referring to a pair or the double.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׁנַיִם

masc. dual • Root שנה • Page 691

two. Includes contracted forms שְׁנֵי and שְׁתֵּי used for the number twelve. References: Gen. 7: 9, 15; Gen. 2: 25.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8147

I. שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם (approximate number of occurrences: 768) noun masculine and feminine dual — two.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Phoenician אשנם
• Punic שנם
• Arabic اثنان
• Sabean תֿני
• Aramaic תְּרֵין, תַּרְתֵּין
• Nabataean תרין
• Palmyrene feminine תרתן, תרתיא
• Assyrian šinâ

— masculine (with masculine noun) שְׁנַיִם Amos 3:3 +; construct שְׁנֵי Isaiah 7:16 +; suffix שְׁנֵיהֶם Genesis 2:25 +, etc.; feminine (with feminine noun) שְׁתַּיִם Amos 4:8 +; construct שְׁתֵּי Genesis 4:19, וּשְׁתֵּי Isaiah 7:21 +, etc., מִשְּׁתֵֿי Judges 16:28 (see GFM¹); Hexateuch chiefly P².

1. No other number

a. Usually construct before plural noun

• שְׁנֵי (+ צְמִידִים) Genesis 24:22 (19 times) + 2 Samuel 23:20 // 1 Chronicles 11:22
• שְׁתֵּי (+ נָשִׁים) Genesis 4:19 (132 times)
• שְׁתֵּי־אֵֿלֶּה Isaiah 47:9 both these things
• Before singular noun, שְׁנֵי Exodus 16:22
• suffix שְׁנֵיהֶם the two of them Genesis 2:25 (62 times)
• שְׁתֵּיהֶם (masculine suffix) Ruth 1:19; Ruth 4:11

b. Absolute

• (1) שְׁנַ֫יִם (90 times), before plural noun Judges 11:37; after plural noun 2 Samuel 1:1; Exodus 29:1
• Distributive שְׁנַיִם שְׁנַיִם Genesis 7:9 +
• לִשְׁנַיִם cut in two 2 Kings 3:25; Jeremiah 34:18
• As double amount Exodus 22:3; Exodus 22:6; Exodus 22:8 (Elohist Source)
• מִּי שְׁנַיִם Deuteronomy 21:17 double portion
• (2) שְׁתַּ֫יִם (55 times) before plural noun 1 Kings 3:16
• As ordinal בִּשְׁנַת שְׁתַּיִם לְ 1 Kings 15:25
• (3) As round number, שְׁנַיִם עֵצִים 1 Kings 17:12 a few sticks
• פַּעַם וּשְׁתָּ֑יִם Nehemiah 13:20

2. Twelve

• With noun masculine שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר Genesis 42:13 (87 times); לִשְׁנֵי עָשָׂר Exodus 28:21
• With noun feminine שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה Exodus 24:4 (34 times)
• As ordinal, בִּשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Ezekiel 32:1

3. With larger number

• 10 + 2 2 Samuel 8:5; Judges 10:3
• 2 + 20 1 Chronicles 24:17
• Ordinal 2 Kings 15:27

¹ G. F. Moore, Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Judges (1895).

² Priestly Code / Narrative.

Prep-M, Adjective cardinal number both dual construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: δύο δώδεκα '' δέκα ἀμφότεροι

LXX Usage Statistics

H8147:

δύο 437× (51.1%)

δώδεκα 72× (8.9%)

'' 47× (5.2%)

δέκα 35× (4.4%)

ἀμφότεροι 26× (3.3%)

ἀμφότερα 21× (2.7%)

εἴκοσι 19× (2.3%)

δυσὶν 16× (1.6%)

ἀμφοτέρων 15× (1.9%)

--- 13× (1.7%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
A stone is heavy and sand a burden, and the wrath of the foolish one heavy more than they two.

LITV Translation:
A stone is heavy, and sand a burden, but a fool's anger is heavier than both.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
A stone is heavy, and sand cumbersome; But a fool’s wrath is heavier than both.