Numbers 26:40

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויהיו וַיִּהְיוּ

and they are becoming

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

היה

hâyâh

Definition

to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Root

a primitive root (compare H1933 (הוא));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare הוא); to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary); beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1961

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 397

To be, to exist, to live, to become. A substantive verb used to unite a subject and predicate. It can also mean to happen, to arise, or to belong to. Used in a wide variety of grammatical constructions.

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 591

To be, to become, to exist. The common Hebrew verb for 'to be', considered the root of the divine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַיָּה

noun feminine • Page 185

Keri הַוָּה suffering, calamity. Job 6: 2; 30: 13.

הָיָה

verb • Page 184

1. To be (Ex. 20:3, Num. 10:31, etc.); 2. to become (Ex. 4:4, Hos. 3:3, etc.); 3. to happen (Is. 19:15).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine plural

LXX: ἔσται ἐγένετο ἦν ἐγενήθη ἔσονται

LXX Usage Statistics

H1961:

ἔσται 827× (22.9%)

ἐγένετο 634× (16.8%)

ἦν 280× (7.9%)

ἐγενήθη 215× (5.8%)

ἔσονται 160× (4.5%)

ἦσαν 134× (3.8%)

ἐγένοντο 83× (2.3%)

'' 74× (1.9%)

--- 73× (2.2%)

εἶναι 67× (1.7%)

בני בְנֵי־

sons/my son

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

בלע בֶלַע

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בלע

Belaʻ

Definition

Bela, the name of a place, also of an Edomite and of two Israelites

Root

the same as H1105 (בלע);

Exhaustive

the same as בלע; Bela, the name of a place, also of an Edomite and of two Israelites; Bela.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1106

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֶּלַע

noun masculine / noun proper • Root בלע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 250

1. a swallowing (hence for a moment). 2. concrete: thing swallowed, e.g. robbed temple-vessels. 3. abstract: destruction. 4. proper name of a small town at the southern extremity of the Dead Sea, afterwards Zoar. 5. proper name of a man (consumption, destruction).

Matched via consonantal key only

בָּלַע

verb • Root בלע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 249

To swallow, to devour.

Matched via consonantal key only

בִּלַּע

verb • Root בלע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 250

Piel form: 1. to swallow up totally (spittle), hence proverbially like the swallowing (of spittle) i.e. in a moment. 2. to destroy, to annihilate.

Matched via consonantal key only

בֻּלַּע

verb • Root בלע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 250

Pual form: to be destroyed.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בֶּלַע

verb • Root בלע • Page 102

1. *something swallowed*. Jer. 51:44. 2. *destruction*. Ps. 52:6. 3. proper name of a small city on the southern extremity of the Dead Sea, afterwards called צֹעַר. Gen. 14:2, 8, 19:20-22.

בָּלַע

verb • Root בלע • Page 101

1. to *swallow, swallow up, devour*. (Gen. 41:7, 24, Ex. 7:12, Num. 16:30, Job 7:19). 2. figuratively to *destroy* (Prov. 1:12, Jer. 51:34). Pi. to swallow up (Prov. 19:28).

בָּלַע

verb • Page 102

2. *to destroy*, but without giving up the figure. Job 2:3, 10:8, 37:20; Ps. 21:10; Is. 3:12, 19:3, 25:7, 8; 2 Sam. 20:19, 20; Lam. 2:2, 5, 8. Chald. to swallow and to destroy. Niph. pass. Hos. 8:8; Is. 28:7 *disordered* or *smitten* by wine. Hithpa. Ps. 107:27 *is destroyed*.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: βαλε βαλακ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1106a:

βαλε 6× (38.9%)

βαλακ 5× (35.1%)

ארד אַרְדְּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ארד

ʼArd

Definition

Ard, the name of two Israelites

Root

from an unused root probably meaning to wander; fugitive;

Exhaustive

from an unused root probably meaning to wander; fugitive; Ard, the name of two Israelites; Ard.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H714

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶרַד

verb • Root ארד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 192

(not used) to flee hastily; equivalent to חָרַע.

אַרְדְּ

noun proper masculine • Root ירד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 185

descent, concrete sprout

אָרַד

verb intransitive • Root ירד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 185

(not used) intr. to proceed from, be descended from

אַרְדּוֹן

noun proper masculine • Root ארד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 185

descendant

אַרְדִּי

adjective • Root ארד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 185

patronymic of Ard

Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0714:

No stats available

ונעמן וְנַעֲמָן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נעמן

Naʻămân

Definition

Naaman, the name of an Israelite and of a Damascene

Root

the same as H5282 (נעמן);

Exhaustive

the same as נעמן; Naaman, the name of an Israelite and of a Damascene; Naaman.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5283

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נַעֲמָן

noun / masculine • Root נעם • Strongs / High • Page 977

1. Pleasantness, joy of plants. 2. A gracious one; a masculine proper name (Naaman).

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: ναιμαν νοεμαν νοομα

LXX Usage Statistics

H5283:

ναιμαν 11× (67.1%)

νοεμαν 3× (16.5%)

νοομα 2× (11.0%)

משפחת מִשְׁפַּחַת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

משפחה

mishpâchâh

Definition

a family, i.e. circle of relatives; figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extension a tribe or people

Root

from H8192 (שפה) (compare H8198 (שפחה));

Exhaustive

from שפה (compare שפחה); a family, i.e. circle of relatives; figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extension a tribe or people; family, kind(-red).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4940

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שֶׁפַח

concept / noun • Root שפח • Consonantal / Low • Page 1469

shed, blood; figuratively to break out, of pustules, leprosy.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

שָׁפַח

verb • Root שפח • Consonantal / Low • Page 1468

(Not used) intransitive. To be attached, to associate, of the members of a family and domestics; to be related.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

שִׁפַּח

verb piel • Root שפח • Consonantal / Low • Page 1469

To make break out, i. e. to cover with leprosy; perhaps to make empty.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִשְׁפָּחָה

noun feminine • Root שפח • Page 416

1. a kind, species, of animals. Gen. 8: 19. 2. a tribe. Gen. 10: 18. 3. a subdivision of a tribe, a family. Ex. 6: 14.

Noun common feminine singular construct

LXX: δῆμοσ δήμουσ δῆμοι --- δήμου

LXX Usage Statistics

H4940:

δῆμοσ 75× (27.0%)

δήμουσ 66× (20.5%)

δῆμοι 16× (5.8%)

--- 14× (5.1%)

δήμου 14× (4.2%)

φυλῆσ 10× (2.8%)

φυλὴ 9× (2.9%)

συγγενείασ 9× (2.6%)

πατριαὶ 7× (2.3%)

φυλαὶ 6× (1.8%)

הארדי הָאַרְדִּי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ארד

ʼArd

Definition

Ard, the name of two Israelites

Root

from an unused root probably meaning to wander; fugitive;

Exhaustive

from an unused root probably meaning to wander; fugitive; Ard, the name of two Israelites; Ard.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H714

ארדי

ʼArdîy

Definition

an Ardite (collectively) or descendant of Ard

Root

patronymic from H714 (ארד);

Exhaustive

patronymic from ארד; an Ardite (collectively) or descendant of Ard; Ardites.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H716

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶרַד

verb • Root ארד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 192

(not used) to flee hastily; equivalent to חָרַע.

אַרְדְּ

noun proper masculine • Root ירד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 185

descent, concrete sprout

אָרַד

verb intransitive • Root ירד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 185

(not used) intr. to proceed from, be descended from

אַרְדּוֹן

noun proper masculine • Root ארד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 185

descendant

אַרְדִּי

adjective • Root ארד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 185

patronymic of Ard

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַרְדִּי

adjective • Root ארד • Lemma_Lookup • Page 185

patronymic of Ard

Particle definite article, Noun gentilic both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0714:

No stats available

H0716:

No stats available

לנעמן לְנַעֲמָן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נעמן

Naʻămân

Definition

Naaman, the name of an Israelite and of a Damascene

Root

the same as H5282 (נעמן);

Exhaustive

the same as נעמן; Naaman, the name of an Israelite and of a Damascene; Naaman.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5283

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נַעֲמָן

noun / masculine • Root נעם • Strongs / High • Page 977

1. Pleasantness, joy of plants. 2. A gracious one; a masculine proper name (Naaman).

Preposition, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: ναιμαν νοεμαν νοομα

LXX Usage Statistics

H5283:

ναιμαν 11× (67.1%)

νοεμαν 3× (16.5%)

νοομα 2× (11.0%)

משפחת מִשְׁפַּחַת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

משפחה

mishpâchâh

Definition

a family, i.e. circle of relatives; figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extension a tribe or people

Root

from H8192 (שפה) (compare H8198 (שפחה));

Exhaustive

from שפה (compare שפחה); a family, i.e. circle of relatives; figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extension a tribe or people; family, kind(-red).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4940

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שֶׁפַח

concept / noun • Root שפח • Consonantal / Low • Page 1469

shed, blood; figuratively to break out, of pustules, leprosy.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

שָׁפַח

verb • Root שפח • Consonantal / Low • Page 1468

(Not used) intransitive. To be attached, to associate, of the members of a family and domestics; to be related.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

שִׁפַּח

verb piel • Root שפח • Consonantal / Low • Page 1469

To make break out, i. e. to cover with leprosy; perhaps to make empty.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִשְׁפָּחָה

noun feminine • Root שפח • Page 416

1. a kind, species, of animals. Gen. 8: 19. 2. a tribe. Gen. 10: 18. 3. a subdivision of a tribe, a family. Ex. 6: 14.

Noun common feminine singular construct

LXX: δῆμοσ δήμουσ δῆμοι --- δήμου

LXX Usage Statistics

H4940:

δῆμοσ 75× (27.0%)

δήμουσ 66× (20.5%)

δῆμοι 16× (5.8%)

--- 14× (5.1%)

δήμου 14× (4.2%)

φυλῆσ 10× (2.8%)

φυλὴ 9× (2.9%)

συγγενείασ 9× (2.6%)

πατριαὶ 7× (2.3%)

φυλαὶ 6× (1.8%)

הנעמי הָנַּעֲמִי׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נעמן

Naʻămân

Definition

Naaman, the name of an Israelite and of a Damascene

Root

the same as H5282 (נעמן);

Exhaustive

the same as נעמן; Naaman, the name of an Israelite and of a Damascene; Naaman.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5283

נעמי

Naʻămîy

Definition

a Naamanite, or descendant of Naaman (collectively)

Root

patronymic from H5283 (נעמן);

Exhaustive

patronymic from נעמן; a Naamanite, or descendant of Naaman (collectively); Naamites.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5280

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נַעֲמָן

noun / masculine • Root נעם • Strongs / High • Page 977

1. Pleasantness, joy of plants. 2. A gracious one; a masculine proper name (Naaman).

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָעֳמִי

noun / proper • Root נעמה • Consonantal / Low • Page 977

Jah is Grace. A proper name (Naomi).

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Particle definite article, Noun gentilic both singular absolute

LXX: ναιμαν νοεμαν νοομα

LXX Usage Statistics

H5283:

ναιμαν 11× (67.1%)

νοεμαν 3× (16.5%)

νοομα 2× (11.0%)

H5280:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And the sons of Bela will be Ard and Naaman; the families of the Ardites; to Naaman, the families of the Naamanites.

LITV Translation:
And Bela's sons were Ard and Naaman. Of Ard , the family of the Ardites; of Naaman the family of the Naamites.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
These are the sons of Shuthelah; to Eran, the family of the Eranites.