Numbers 21:18

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

באר בְּאֵ֞ר

dug well

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

באר

bᵉʼêr

Definition

a pit; especially a well

Root

from H874 (באר);

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H875

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֹּאר

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 216

Reservoir of water, cistern; contracted out of בְּאֹר.

בְּאֵר

noun feminine / noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 216

A pit, vault; a well, dug out to hold water; n. p. of a station of the Israelites in the wilderness.

בָּאַר

verb • Root ברר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 216

To bore, to dig, to dig through; (Piel) to grave (letters), to explain, to investigate.

בְּאֵרָא

noun proper masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 216

Explainer; proper name of a man (1 Chr. 7, 37).

בְּאֵר אֵלִים

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 216

(Well of Elim) n. p. of a locality on the border of Moab.

בָּא֫רָה

noun with locative he • Lemma_Lookup • Page 384

towards the well

בְּאֵרָה

noun proper masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 216

Proper name of a man (1 Chr. 5, 6).

בְּאֵרוֹת

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 216

(Wells, fountains) n. p. of a Gibeonite city, inhabited even after the exile.

בְּאֵרוֹת בְּנֵי־יַעֲקָן

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 216

Proper name of a station of the Israelites in the wilderness.

בְּאֵרִי

noun proper masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 216

Proper name of a man (Gen. 26, 34; Hos. 1, 1).

בְּאֵר לַחַי רֹאִי

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 216

(Well of the living God, looking upon me) n. p. of Hagar's well between Kadesh and Bered.

בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע

proper noun • Root שבע • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1375

Beer-Sheba, the name of a place (well of the oath or seven springs).

בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 216

(Oath- or covenant-well) n. p. of a city in Judah, on the southern border of Palestine.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּאֵר

noun feminine • Root באר • Page 84

1. a well (Gen. 21:25, 30; 26:15, 20, 21). 2. pit generally (Ps. 55:24, 69:16). 3. proper name of an encampment of the Israelites in the wilderness (Num. 21:16-18). 4. also of a place in the tribe of Judah (Judg. 9:21).

בְּאֵר

noun • Root באר • Page 85

A cistern or well (Jer. 2:13, 2 Sam. 23:15, 16, 20).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0875:

No stats available

חפרוה חֲפָרוּהָ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חפר

châphar

Definition

properly, to pry into; by implication, to delve, to explore

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to pry into; by implication, to delve, to explore; dig, paw, search out, seek.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2658

ה

Definition

her, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9034

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָפַר

verb • Root חפר • Strongs / High • Page 513

1. to dig, to excavate, to dig for. 2. Figuratively, to search out, spy out, to explore.

חָפַר

verb • Root חפר • Strongs / High • Page 513

To become red, with shame; to be ashamed, to be put to shame.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָפַר

verb • Page 241

I. 1. to dig. Gen. 21:30. Ecc. 10:8. 2. to lay snares, to dig a pit for any one. Ps. 35:7. 3. to espy, discover. Job 39:29. Deut. 1:22.

חָפַר

verb • Page 241

II. to blush, to be ashamed; generally denoting to be made ashamed, to be frustrated in one's expectation. Ps. 35:4, 26. 40:15. Job 11:18.

Verb Qal perfect third person common plural, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular

LXX: ὤρυξαν ὤρυξεν κατασκοπεῦσαι ὤρυξα

LXX Usage Statistics

H2658:

ὤρυξαν 6× (26.0%)

ὤρυξεν 3× (13.3%)

κατασκοπεῦσαι 2× (8.9%)

ὤρυξα 2× (7.6%)

שרים שָׂרִ֗ים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שר

sar

Definition

a head person (of any rank or class)

Root

from H8323 (שרר);

Exhaustive

from שרר; a head person (of any rank or class); captain (that had rule), chief (captain), general, governor, keeper, lord,(-task-)master, prince(-ipal), ruler, steward.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8269

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁר

noun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1416

A singer (concrete term in modern Hebrew).

שֹׁר

noun masculine • Root שרר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1480

A nerve, sinew; hence the navel-cord. Being a physiologically important part of the body, it stands for the whole body. Maltese sarra (bosom, pudenda).

שַׂר

noun masculine • Root שרר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1479

A ruler, prefect, master, chief, principal or most distinguished person in a country; general (leader of an army); captain; generally courtiers; guardian-angel or high spiritual being; distinguished priest.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שַׂר

m. dec. viii. k. • Root שרר • Page 643

1. a captain, commander, chief; e. g. of the body-guard, Gen. 37: 36. of the cup-bearers, 40: 9. 2. a chief, prince, courtier. Gen. 12: 15. 3. according to theological views of later Jews, an archangel. Dan. 10: 13, 20.

שֹׁר

noun masculine • Root שרר • Page 699

1. prob. a nerve, sinew, muscle. (Comp. שָׁרִיר and the Chald. שְׁרִיר firm.) Collect. Prov. 3: 8 healing shall it be to thy sinews or muscles. 2. the navel, strictly the navel-string. Ezek. 16: 4. Job 40: 16.

שָׂרַי

proper name • Page 644

Sarai, the proper name of the wife of Abraham. This name was changed to שָׂרָה (Gen. 17:15) probably meaning princess.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: ἄρχοντεσ ἄρχοντασ ἀρχόντων ἄρχων ἄρχοντα

LXX Usage Statistics

H8269:

ἄρχοντεσ 94× (21.5%)

ἄρχοντασ 52× (12.0%)

ἀρχόντων 31× (7.1%)

ἄρχων 28× (6.9%)

ἄρχοντα 13× (3.2%)

ἑκατοντάρχουσ 10× (2.3%)

ἀρχιστράτηγοσ 10× (2.5%)

αὐτῆσ 9× (1.7%)

ἄρχουσιν 9× (2.0%)

ἡγεμόνεσ 9× (2.2%)

כרוה כָּרוּהָ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כרה

kârâh

Definition

properly, to dig; figuratively, to plot; generally, to bore or open

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to dig; figuratively, to plot; generally, to bore or open; dig, [idiom] make (a banquet), open.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3738

כרה

kârâh

Definition

properly, to dig; figuratively, to plot; generally, to bore or open

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to dig; figuratively, to plot; generally, to bore or open; dig, [idiom] make (a banquet), open.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3738

ה

Definition

her, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9034

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כָּרָה

verb / transitive • Root כרה • Strongs / High • Page 733

To dig (e.g., a pit, a well).

כָּרָה

verb • Root כרה • Strongs / High • Page 734

I. To cut out, dig out; figuratively to bring to light, lay bare, or open. Nif. (נִכְרָה) to be digged.

כָּרָה

verb • Root כרה • Strongs / High • Page 734

II. To buy, bargain for, to acquire, to take possession of.

כָּרָה

f. noun • Root כרה • Strongs / High • Page 734

A company sitting round in a circle, a social dinner-circle, hence a feast, a banquet.

כָּרָה

verb • Root כרה • Strongs / High • Page 734

Denominative verb: to give or prepare a banquet. Hif. (הֵכֵרָה) to conduct to a banquet.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֵּרָה

noun feminine • Root כרה • Page 328

1. a feast, banquet. 2 K. 6: 23. 2. Zeph. 2: 6 usually rendered pens which the shepherds have dug.

כָּרָה

i. v. • Page 328

to dig, (as in Chald. and Arab.) e. g. a well, Gen. 26: 25; a pit, Ps. 7: 16. Metaphorically of plotting, Prov. 16: 27.

כָּרָה

ii. v. • Page 328

to buy. Deut. 2: 6; Hos. 3: 2.

כָּרָה

iii. v. • Page 328

to give a feast, to prepare a banquet. 2 K. 6: 23; Job 40: 30 [41: 6].

Verb Qal perfect third person common plural, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular

LXX: ὤρυξαν ὤρυξεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3738a:

ὤρυξαν 2× (13.6%)

ὤρυξεν 2× (13.6%)

H3738b:

ὤρυξαν 2× (13.6%)

ὤρυξεν 2× (13.6%)

נדיבי נְדִיבֵי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נדיב

nâdîyb

Definition

properly, voluntary, i.e. generous; hence, magnanimous; as noun, a grandee (sometimes a tyrant)

Root

from H5068 (נדב);

Exhaustive

from נדב; properly, voluntary, i.e. generous; hence, magnanimous; as noun, a grandee (sometimes a tyrant); free, liberal (things), noble, prince, willing (hearted).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5081

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָדִיב

substantive m. / adjective m. • Root נדב • Strongs / High • Page 948

1. (subst.) a noble, generous or distinguished one; a prince, a grandee. 2. (adj.) willing, spontaneous, good.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָדִיב

m. verbal • Root נדב • Page 429

1. voluntary, giving voluntarily (Ex. 35:5, 22). 2. liberal (Prov. 19:6). 3. noble, noble minded (Is. 32:5, 8). 4. subst. one noble in rank, a prince (Job 34:18. Ps. 107:40).

Adjective adjective masculine plural construct

LXX: ἄρχοντασ ---% πρόθυμοσ ἐπ' ἀρχόντων

LXX Usage Statistics

H5081:

ἄρχοντασ 5× (14.4%)

---% 3× (7.6%)

πρόθυμοσ 2× (6.3%)

ἐπ' 2× (6.3%)

ἀρχόντων 2× (6.3%)

ἄρχοντεσ 2× (5.9%)

העם הָעָם

the People

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עם

ʻam

Definition

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

Root

from H6004 (עמם);

Exhaustive

from עמם; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock; folk, men, nation, people.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5971

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַם

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1100

Properly union, association, community, congregation, company. Hence: 1. A people (including the Israelite people, different nations, mankind, inhabitants of a city, countrymen, a tribe, kindred, or family-stock). 2. The mass of the people, the populace, or lower people (opposed to leaders/rich). 3. A troop of animals.

עַם

noun m. • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

People, the community, the mass of the people. Used along with אֻמָּה and גּוֹי.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַם

com. gen. • Page 512

a people, i. e. my people or country. Applied to animals, Prov. 30: 25, 26. Ps. 74: 14. Plur. עַמִּים (rarely in Chaldaic form עַמְמִים). Denotes the Jews as opposed to other nations (gentiles). Sometimes plur. stands for singular as Lev. 19: 16. נֶאֱסַף אֶל־עַמָּיו to be gathered to his people, i. e. to die.

עַם

chald. n. • Page 512

idem. Plur. עַמְמִין, emph. עַמְמַיָּא, Dan. 3 : 4, 7, 31. 5 : 19. 6 : 26. 7 : 14.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: λαοῦ λαὸσ λαὸν λαῷ λαόν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5971a:

λαοῦ 347× (18.2%)

λαὸσ 338× (17.6%)

λαὸν 251× (13.2%)

λαῷ 173× (8.7%)

λαόν 170× (8.8%)

λαόσ 132× (6.8%)

ἐθνῶν 46× (2.5%)

'' 43× (2.2%)

--- 41× (2.5%)

ἔθνη 39× (2.2%)

במחקק בִּמְחֹקֵק

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חקק

châqaq

Definition

properly, to hack, i.e. engrave (Judges 5:14, to be a scribe simply); by implication, to enact (laws being cut in stone or metal tablets in primitive times) or (gen.) prescribe

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to hack, i.e. engrave (Judges 5:14, to be a scribe simply); by implication, to enact (laws being cut in stone or metal tablets in primitive times) or (gen.) prescribe; appoint, decree, governor, grave, lawgiver, note, pourtray, print, set.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2710

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָקַק

verb • Strongs / High • Page 522

1. to cut into, hew into, to dig; to inscribe, to trace, pourtray. 2. Metaphor. to establish, to lay the foundation of. 3. Figur. to prescribe, to ordain, to give laws.

חָקַק

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1530

1. to cut, to hew (stone, timber, ground). 2. to clap or strike the hands, as a sign of joy or mocking. 3. to strike up, i. e. to blow it, בַּשּׁוֹפָר.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָקַק

verb • Page 245

1. to engrave (a writing or picture) (Is. 30:8, Ezek. 4:1); to dig out (Is. 22:16). 2. to paint (Ezek. 23:14). 3. to establish, institute (Prov. 8:27, 29). 4. to resolve, decree (Is. 10:1). Part. מְחֹקֵק a ruler, leader, prince (Judg. 5:9), lawgiver (Deut. 33:21).

Preposition, Verb Piel participle active masculine singular absolute

LXX: βασιλεύσ γράφουσιν

LXX Usage Statistics

H2710:

βασιλεύσ 2× (10.8%)

γράφουσιν 2× (10.0%)

במשענתם בְּמִשְׁעֲנֹתָם

in the hand

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

משענה

mishʻênâh

Definition

support (abstractly), i.e. (figuratively) sustenance or (concretely) a walking-stick

Root

or משענת; feminine of H4937 (משען);

Exhaustive

or משענת; feminine of משען; support (abstractly), i.e. (figuratively) sustenance or (concretely) a walking-stick; staff.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4938

הם

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9028

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִשְׁעֶנֶת

noun feminine • Root שען • Consonantal / Medium • Page 923

prop. support, then a staff, on which one leans; a support of weak reed, i. e. an easily broken one.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִשְׁעֶנֶת

noun feminine • Root שען • Page 416

a staff. Judg. 6: 21. 2 K. 4: 31. 18: 21.

Preposition, Noun common feminine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: ῥάβδον βακτηρίαν ῥάβδου

LXX Usage Statistics

H4938b:

ῥάβδον 3× (25.0%)

βακτηρίαν 3× (25.0%)

ῥάβδου 2× (18.1%)

וממדבר וּמִמִּדְבָּר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מדבר

midbâr

Definition

a pasture (i.e. open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert; also speech (including its organs)

Root

from H1696 (דבר) in the sense of driving;

Exhaustive

from דבר in the sense of driving; a pasture (i.e. open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert; also speech (including its organs); desert, south, speech, wilderness.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4057

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִדְבָּר

noun • Root דבר • Strongs / High • Page 351

Wilderness, pasture. Derived from דָּבַר II (to lead cattle to pasture).

מִדְבָּר

noun masculine • Root דבר • Strongs / High • Page 810

1. pasture, pasture land, a plain where grass plots are dried up from want of rain; then a steppe. 2. a dry, sterile wilderness. 3. lodge; then a desert generally, an uninhabited, forsaken place.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִדְבָּר

m. verbal / dec. ii. b. • Root דבר • Page 355

1. Speech (Cant. 4:3). 2. A wilderness, uncultivated barren country (Ps. 65:13). 3. An actual waste, a sandy desert (Is. 32:15).

Conjunction, Preposition, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἐρήμῳ ἔρημον ἐρήμου ἔρημοσ pεἰσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4057b:

ἐρήμῳ 128× (40.3%)

ἔρημον 60× (21.3%)

ἐρήμου 42× (15.1%)

ἔρημοσ 10× (4.2%)

pεἰσ 7× (3.0%)

ὡσ 6× (2.7%)

'' 6× (2.3%)

--- 2× (0.9%)

πεδίον 2× (0.8%)

מתנה מַתָּנָה׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מתנה

Mattânâh

Definition

Mattanah, a place in the Desert

Root

the same as H4979 (מתנה);

Exhaustive

the same as מתנה; Mattanah, a place in the Desert; Mattanah.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4980

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מַתָּנָה

noun / feminine • Root יתן • Strongs / High • Page 927

A gift. It can also refer to a heave-offering for the sanctuary or priests, a sacrificial gift, or a bribe.

Noun proper name

LXX: μανθαναιν

LXX Usage Statistics

H4980:

μανθαναιν 2× (60.8%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
The leaders dug it, the nobles of the people dug it, by cutting in by their props. And from the desert to Mattanah.

LITV Translation:
The well which the rulers dug, which the nobles of the people dug with their staves, at the word of the Lawgiver. And from the wilderness they went to Mattanah.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
The princes dug it, The kings of the nations in their kingdom, In their lordship sank it in the rock: and they went from the well to Mattanah,