Numbers 10:16

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ועל וְעַל־

and upon

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Conjunction, Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

צבא צְבָא

army

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

צבא

tsâbâʼ

Definition

a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized forwar (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (specifically, hardship, worship)

Root

or (feminine) צבאה; from H6633 (צבא);

Exhaustive

or (feminine) צבאה; from צבא; a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized forwar (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (specifically, hardship, worship); appointed time, ([phrase]) army, ([phrase]) battle, company, host, service, soldiers, waiting upon, war(-fare).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6635

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צָבָא

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1211

I. To join together, to be assembled, to flock together, to be united, into a crowd, for the purpose of service. Metaphorically: to fight (in troops), to do military service. Hifil: to muster, to levy for military service.

צָבָא

verb • Root צבה • Strongs / High • Page 1211

II. (Not used) same as צָבָה II.; related to Arabic صَبَا (to flash up, of the sun).

צָבָא

noun / f • Strongs / High • Page 1211

Assembly, multitude, the mass, appurtenance of, what belongs to (heaven). 1. An army, host, warriors. 2. Figuratively: the host of heaven (angels or stars). 3. Military service, warfare, hard service, calamity, campaign, temple-service, worship.

צָבָא

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1212

I. 1. To flock together, to draw together in troops, in order to war. 2. Metaphor. to heap up, to grow, of a mass; hence to swell, intumescere.

צָבָא

noun masculine • Root צבא • Strongs / High • Page 1212

Army, march, of enemies.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צָבָא

verb • Root צבא • Page 561

1. To go forth or march out to war; to carry on war (Num. 31:42, Is. 31:4). 2. To go forth to the service of the temple, a kind of 'militia sacra' (Num. 4:23, 8:24, 1 Sam. 2:22). Hiphil: to lead out to war (2 K. 25:19, Jer. 52:25).

צָבָא

noun masculine • Root צבא • Page 561

1. A host, particularly a military host, an army. שַׂר הַצָּבָא 'the general of the host' (Gen. 21:22). 2. צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם 'the host of heaven,' referring to angels (1 K. 22:19) or stars (Deut. 4:19). צְבָא הַמָּרוֹם 'the powers on high' (Is. 24:21). Frequent in the title יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת 'Lord of Hosts'. 3. Warfare, hard service, affliction (Job 7:1, 10:17, 14:14, Is. 40:2, Dan. 10:1).

צָבָא

verb • Page 562

I. To go forth to war, to carry on war. Is. 29:7.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: παντοκράτωρ σαβαωθ δυνάμει --- δυνάμεωσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6635a:

παντοκράτωρ 91× (21.7%)

σαβαωθ 47× (11.4%)

δυνάμει 40× (7.9%)

--- 37× (9.0%)

δυνάμεωσ 34× (6.9%)

δυνάμεων 25× (5.1%)

'' 18× (3.7%)

δύναμισ 16× (3.8%)

παντοκράτοροσ 14× (3.4%)

pἐν 13× (3.1%)

מטה מַטֵּה

he has reached/found/staff

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מטה

maṭṭeh

Definition

a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance), or walking (a staff; figuratively, a support of life, e.g. bread)

Root

or (feminine) מטה; from H5186 (נטה);

Exhaustive

or (feminine) מטה; from נטה; a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance), or walking (a staff; figuratively, a support of life, e.g. bread); rod, staff, tribe.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4294

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מַ֫טָּה

adverb • Consonantal / Medium • Page 384

downwards

Matched via consonantal key only

מִטָּה

noun feminine • Root נטה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 841

That on which one leans or reclines, hence a bed, bolster, table-couch, sofa, litter, palanquin, bier, or a store-room.

Matched via consonantal key only

מֶטֶה

noun masculine • Root נטה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 841

Iniquity.

Matched via consonantal key only

מַטָּה

noun masculine • Root נטה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 841

A support, a staff, a stick; figuratively, a rod of correction, punishment, or chastisement; also a tribe. Plural form מַטּוֹת; singular is unused. Same as מַטֶּה.

Matched via consonantal key only

מַטָּה

adverb • Root מטה מוט • Consonantal / Medium • Page 841

A bowing down, sinking. As an adverb, it means down, downwards, beneath, deep, under.

Matched via consonantal key only

מַטֶּה

noun masculine • Root נטה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 840

1. A stick, staff, rod, sceptre, yoke. 2. Stem of a people, a tribe. 3. Injustice, wrong. 4. A sinking, bending.

Matched via consonantal key only

מֻטָּה

noun feminine • Root נטה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 841

Extension, spreading out.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מַטֶּה

noun masculine • Root נטה • Page 371

1. a bough, branch (Ezek. 19:11 ff.). 2. a staff, stick, rod (Ex. 4: 2). 3. a tribe of the Israelites (Num. 1: 49). 4. perhaps an arrow, javelin (Hab. 3: 9, 14). 5. an inclining or sinking downwards; as an adv. מַטָּה down, below (Deut. 28: 43).

מֻטֶּה, מֻטָּה

plur. וֹת • Root נטה • Page 371

1. a stretching out (Is. 8: 8). 2. a bending or perversion of justice (Ezek. 9: 9). Verbal from the Pual of נָטָה.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: φυλῆσ ῥάβδον ῥάβδοσ φυλῶν ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H4294:

φυλῆσ 138× (52.6%)

ῥάβδον 22× (8.7%)

ῥάβδοσ 13× (5.2%)

φυλῶν 10× (4.0%)

--- 8× (3.6%)

φυλὴν 7× (2.8%)

στήριγμα 5× (2.3%)

ῥάβδῳ 5× (2.0%)

ῥάβδουσ 5× (1.9%)

'' 4× (1.5%)

בני בְּנֵי

sons/my son

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

זבולן זְבוּלֻן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

זבולון

Zᵉbûwlûwn

Definition

Zebulon, a son of Jacob; also his territory and tribe

Root

or זבלון; or זבולן; from H2082 (זבל); habitation;

Exhaustive

or זבלון; or זבולן; from זבל; habitation; Zebulon, a son of Jacob; also his territory and tribe; Zebulun.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2074

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זְבוּלוּן

noun proper • Root זבל • Strongs / High • Page 424

Gifted, viz. of God. N. p. of the tenth son of Jacob by Leah and of the tribe descended from him.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: ζαβουλων ζαβουλωνίτησ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2074:

ζαβουλων 43× (93.7%)

ζαβουλωνίτησ 2× (4.0%)

אליאב אֱלִיאָב

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אליאב

ʼĔlîyʼâb

Definition

Eliab, the name of six Israelites

Root

from H410 (אל) and H1 (אב); God of (his) father;

Exhaustive

from אל and אב; God of (his) father; Eliab, the name of six Israelites; Eliab.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H446

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֱלִיאָב

noun proper masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 138

Proper name masculine, 'El is father'.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0446:

No stats available

בן בֶּן־

builder/son

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

חלון חֵלוֹן׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חלן

Chêlôn

Definition

Chelon, an Israelite

Root

from H2428 (חיל); strong;

Exhaustive

from חיל; strong; Chelon, an Israelite; Helon.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2497

אבחה

ʼibchâh

Definition

brandishing of a sword

Root

from an unused root (apparently meaning to turn);

Exhaustive

from an unused root (apparently meaning to turn); brandishing of a sword; point.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H19

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֵל

noun • Root חול • Consonantal / Low • Page 466

A derivative of the verb meaning 'to encircle', likely meaning a rampart or fortification.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

חֵל

noun masculine • Root היל • Consonantal / Low • Page 484

1. The outermost fence of fortifications, the glacis, the rampart around city-walls. 2. A shorter expression for חֵלֶק (city-district).

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

חֹל

m. prop. • Root חלל • Consonantal / Low • Page 485

Exposed, accessible, made common, hence unfettered, profane, unconsecrated (opposite to קֹדֶשׁ). Also refers to unholy conduct, foreign, or desecration.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֲבָחָה or אִבְחָה

noun feminine • Root אבח • Page 19

The threatening of the sword. Found only in Ezek. 21:20 [15].

חֹלֹן

proper noun • Page 229

A sacerdotal city in the tribe of Judah. References: Josh. 15:51, 21:15, Jer. 48:21, 1 Chr. 6:43.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: χαιλων

LXX Usage Statistics

H2497:

χαιλων 4× (100.0%)

Helon_§Helon@Num.1.9:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And over the army of the tribe of the sons of Zebulon, Eliab, son of Helon.

LITV Translation:
And over the army of the tribe of the sons of Zebulun was Eliab the son of Helon.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And over the host of the tribe of the sons of Zebulun, was Eliab the son of Helon.