Micah 4:9

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

עתה עַתָּ֕ה

now

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עתה

ʻattâh

Definition

at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive

Root

from H6256 (עת);

Exhaustive

from עת; at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive; henceforth, now, straightway, this time, whereas.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6258

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַתָּה

adverb • Consonantal / Low • Page 1147

Adverb: now; properly: at the time = at present, till now, till the present; opposite of the past in אָז. Used also of the future (if now, i.e. in case).

Matched after stripping common prefixes

עָתָה

verb transitive • Root עות • Consonantal / Low • Page 1147

(not used) tr. to support, to help.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6258

I. עַתָּה (approximate number of occurrences: 435; also Ezekiel 23:43; Psalm 74:6 עת Kt, Qr עַתָּה) adverb of time — now (properly accusative of [ʿint], עֵת, at the time, in particular of the present time, i.e. now).

Cognates:

• German zur Zeit
• Arabic الآن (at the time, i.e. now)

— עַתָּה Genesis 12:19 +; עָ֑תָּה (pausal) Genesis 32:5 + etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Used of the present time

• Genesis 12:19 (+ ועתה הנה אשׁתך)
• Genesis 22:12 (+ כי עתה ידעתי), Exodus 18:11, Judges 17:13, 1 Kings 17:24 (עַתָּה זֶה), Psalm 20:7
• As opposed to past time: Genesis 32:11; Joshua 14:11 (כְּכֹחִי אָז וּכְכֹחִי עָ֑תָּה); Isaiah 1:21; Hosea 2:9 (כִּי טוֺב לִי אָז מַעָ֑תָּה)
• As opposed to future time: Numbers 24:17 (אֶרְאֶנּוּ ולא עתה); Judges 8:6; 1 Samuel 2:16
• Meaning after all: Numbers 22:38; Judges 8:2
• Meaning now at last: 2 Samuel 24:16; 1 Kings 19:4; 2 Kings 19:25; Jeremiah 4:12
• In the phrase מעתה ועד עולם (from now and forever): Isaiah 9:6; Isaiah 59:21; Micah 4:7; Psalm 113:2; Psalm 115:18; Psalm 121:8; Psalm 125:2; Psalm 131:3

b. Of the imminent or impending future

• Genesis 19:9 (עַתָּה נָרַע לְךָ מַהֶם)
• Genesis 29:32 (כי עתה יאהבני אישׁי), Genesis 29:34
• Exodus 6:1 (עתה תראה), Numbers 11:23, Numbers 22:4, 2 Samuel 20:6
• Introducing a punishment: Hosea 4:16, Hosea 5:7, Hosea 8:8, Jeremiah 10:2

c. Of a time ideally present (= then)

• Isaiah 29:22 (לא עתה יבושׁ יעקב)
• Hosea 10:3; Micah 4:9–11, 14; Micah 5:3

d. Describing a present state (= as things are)

• 1 Samuel 8:5 (עתה שִׂימָה לנו מלך)
• 1 Samuel 27:1; 2 Kings 18:20, 25; Job 6:21; Job 14:16; Job 16:7

e. With an Imperative, as an encouragement

• Genesis 31:13 (עתה קים צא)
• Exodus 18:19 (עתה שְׁמַע בקולי), Numbers 22:11, Deuteronomy 2:13

2. Phrases

a. עַתָּה זֶה

• 1 Kings 17:24; 2 Kings 5:22

b. וְעַתָּה (and now, or now therefore)

Drawing a conclusion, especially a practical one, from what has been stated:

• Genesis 3:22; Genesis 20:7, 23 (וְעַתָּה הִשָּֽׁבְעָה לִי הֵ֫נָּה)
• Genesis 27:3, 8 (ועתה בני שְׁמַע בקולי)
• Isaiah 5:3, 5; Psalm 2:10; Psalm 39:8 (ועתה מַה־קִּזִּיתִי אֲדֹנָי)

c. וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה

Stating the ground on which some conclusion or action is to be based:

• Exodus 3:9; Joshua 14:10; 1 Samuel 12:2; 1 Kings 1:18; Jeremiah 40:4

d. גַּם עַתָּה

• Genesis 44:10; 1 Samuel 12:16; 1 Kings 14:14; Joel 2:12; Job 16:19

e. מֵעַתָּה (from now, henceforth)

• Jeremiah 3:4; Isaiah 48:6; 10:17; 2 Chronicles 16:9

f. עַד־עַתָּה (until now)

• Genesis 32:5 (וֶאֵחַר עַד־עַתָּה)
• Deuteronomy 12:9 (אל הנחלה לא באתם עד עתה)
• Exodus 9:18; 2 Kings 8:6; Ruth 2:7

g. כִּי עַתָּה (for in this case, for then)

עַתָּה pointing to a condition assumed as a possible contingency:

• (a) Exodus 9:15 (כי עתה שׁלחתי); Numbers 22:29 (כי עתה הֲרַגְתִּיךְ); Job 3:13, 6:3, 13:19
• (b) After a protasis, surely then: Genesis 31:42

Note: Textual emendations suggest reading עַתָּה for עֵת in Ezekiel 16:57, Ezekiel 27:34, and Haggai 1:2; also interchange of עַתָּה and אַתָּה in 1 Kings 1:18, 20; 2 Samuel 18:3.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897) (Kö).

² S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892) (Dr).

Adverb

LXX: νῦν νυνὶ --- ἤδη σὺ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6258:

νῦν 370× (84.6%)

νυνὶ 11× (2.8%)

--- 10× (2.5%)

ἤδη 4× (1.0%)

σὺ 4× (1.0%)

οὖν 3× (0.8%)

---% 3× (0.6%)

ἄρτι 2× (0.5%)

ἰδοὺ 2× (0.4%)

'' 2× (0.4%)

למה לָמָּה

why

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מה

mâh

Definition

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and even relatively, that which); often used with prefixes in various adverbial or conjunctive senses

Root

or מה; or מ; or מ; also מה; a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or מה; or מ; or מ; also מה; a primitive particle; properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and even relatively, that which); often used with prefixes in various adverbial or conjunctive senses; how (long, oft, (-soever)), (no-) thing, what (end, good, purpose, thing), whereby(-fore, -in, -to, -with), (for) why.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4100

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מָה

interrogative pronoun • Root מה • Strongs / High • Page 815

An interrogative pronoun, meaning 'what?'. It has various applications, including direct and indirect questions, functioning as a substantive ('what of...'), expressing quality ('what kind of...'), conveying reproach or negation, serving as an exclamation of wonder ('how...!'), and meaning 'whatever' or 'why'.

מָה

interrogative pronoun / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 816

An interrogative pronoun and adverb with various meanings including: what?, why?, how?, in what way?

מָה

interrogative pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 817

how what! = but how! how great! An interrogative pronoun, what? Also signifies 'on account of that, for that'.

מָה

aramaic pronoun (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 817

Aramaic interrogative pronoun, same as Hebrew. what? whatever, quidquid.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מָה

interrog. pron. / particle • Page 358

1. what? spoken of things (Judg. 11:12; 2 Sam. 16:10, 19:23; Jer. 2:18; Hos. 14:9). 2. without an interrogation, what, whatever, something, any thing (Prov. 9:13; 2 Sam. 18:23; Job 13:13, 14; Ecc. 1:9, 3:15, 22:6; Dan. 10:10 (Aram.)). 3. before substantives, what, of what sort, qualis (Josh. 22:16; 1 Sam. 28:14; 1 K. 9:13). 4. how? (Gen. 44:16; Ex. 10:26; Gen. 28:17). 5. wherefore? (Judg. 8:1; Ps. 42:12). 6. not (Cant. 8:4; Job 16:6, 31:1, 20, 24).

מָה

interrog. pron. • Page 358

Chald. what, as in Heb. with and without an interrogation. מָה דִי that which (Dan. 2:28). Combined with prepositions: (1.) כְּמָה how, how very (Dan. 3:33). (2.) לְמָה דִי lest, that not (Ezra 4:22, 7:23).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4100

I. מָה (rarely מָהֿ, מַהֿ, מַהּ, מֶה, מַּ, מָ; see GKC¹ §37) pronoun interrogative and indefinite — what? how? aught.

Cognates:

• Aramaic מָא
• Arabic ما
• Assyrian minû
• Ethiopic ment

1. Interrogative what?

a. In a direct question, before either verbs or nouns

• Genesis 4:10 מֶה עשׂית what hast thou done?
• Genesis 15:2 מה־תתן־לי what wilt thou give me?
• Exodus 3:13 מַה־שְּׁמוֺ
• Zechariah 1:9 מה אלה
• Haggai 2:3 = as what? (qualem?)
• (a) followed by substantive in apposition: Genesis 37:26 מַה־בֶּצַע what profit?
• (b) מַה־זֶּה what now? 1 Samuel 10:11; Genesis 3:13 מַה־זּאֹת עָשִׂיתָ
• (c) לְּךָ מַהֿ what to thee? (what aileth thee?): Genesis 21:17 מַה־לָּךְ הָגָר

b. In an indirect question

• Genesis 2:19 to see מה־יקרא־לו what he would call it
• Exodus 2:4 לדעת מה־יֵּעָשֶׂה לו
• Micah 6:5, Micah 6:8 (approximating relative)

c. Of what kind? (with insinuation of blame or contempt)

• Genesis 37:10 מה החלום הזה
• 1 Samuel 29:3 מָה הָעִבְרִים האלה

d. Rhetorical negative (answer "little" or "nothing" expected)

• Genesis 23:15 מה היא what is it? (i.e., insignificant)
• Psalm 8:5 מָה אנושׁ כי תזכרנו what is man that thou rememberest him?
• (c) formula of repudiation: Judges 11:12 מַה־לִּי וָלָךְ what have I to do with thee?

e. Whatsoever

• Judges 9:48 מה ראיתם עשׂיתי whatever ye see me do
• Ecclesiastes 1:9 מַה־שֶּׁהָיָה (late idiom)

2. Used adverbially

a. As an interrogative (how? why?)

• Genesis 44:16 מַה־נִּצְטַדָּ֑ק how shall we justify ourselves?
• Exodus 14:15 אֵלַי מַה תִּצְעַק why criest thou unto me?

b. As an exclamation, how...!

• Genesis 28:17 מַה־נּוֺרָא הַמָּקוֺם הַזֶּה how dreadful is this place!
• Psalm 8:2 מה אדיר

3. Indefinite pronoun anything, aught

• Numbers 23:3 וּדְבַר־מַה־יַּרְאֵנִי the matter of aught
• 2 Samuel 18:22 וִיהִי־מָה happen what may

4. With prepositions

a. בַּמָּה, בַּמֶּה wherein? whereby?

• Genesis 15:8; Judges 16:5

b. יַעַן מֶה because of what?

• Haggai 1:9

c. כַּמָּה, כַּמֶּה how much? how many?

• Genesis 47:8; Psalm 78:40

d. לָ֫מָּה, לָ֫מֶה why? for what reason?

• Genesis 4:6 למה חרה לך
• Genesis 27:45 למה אשׁכל (approximating lest)
• Daniel 1:10 אֲשֶׁר לָמָּה lest

e. עַד־מָה until when? how long?

• Psalm 74:9; Psalm 79:5

f. עַל־מָה, עַל־מֶה wherefore? upon what?

• Job 38:6; Numbers 22:32

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Preposition, Particle interrogative

LXX: τί τίσ τίνι ἐστιν ὡσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4100:

τί 516× (62.9%)

τίσ 44× (5.6%)

τίνι 29× (3.2%)

ἐστιν 24× (2.6%)

ὡσ 14× (1.8%)

'' 13× (1.4%)

---% 11× (1.1%)

τίνοσ 11× (1.3%)

τι 10× (1.1%)

--- 10× (1.3%)

תריעי תָריעִי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רוע

rûwaʻ

Definition

to mar (especially by breaking); figuratively, to split the ears (with sound), i.e. shout (for alarm or joy)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to mar (especially by breaking); figuratively, to split the ears (with sound), i.e. shout (for alarm or joy); blow an alarm, cry (alarm, aloud, out), destroy, make a joyful noise, smart, shout (for joy), sound an alarm, triumph.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7321

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רוּעַ

verb • Root רוע • Strongs / High • Page 1329

to cry out, to roar, to make a noise, especially to pierce with loud tones, with the voice.

רוּעַ

verb • Root רוע • Strongs / High • Page 1331

Grief.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רוּעַ

verb • Root רעע • Page 613

1. To be evil, wicked; to be disagreeable to a person. 2. To be sad (joined with faces). 3. To be pernicious. Also includes Hiphil: to make evil, to act wickedly, to sin, or to treat ill. Prov. 13:20, Is. 1:16, Gen. 44:5.

רוּעַ

verb • Page 613

In Kal not used. Hiph. הֵרִיעַ: 1. To cry aloud; to rejoice, exult, lament, or shout for battle. 2. To blow with a trumpet. Num. 10:9, Job 30:5, Josh. 6:16.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7321

I. רוּעַ (approximate number of occurrences: 40) verb Hiph`il — raise a shout; give a blast with clarion or horn.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew רוּעַ idem, Hiph`il
• Arabic رَاعَ (utter a grumbling cry)¹

— Perfect 3 masculine plural הֵרִיעוּ Judges 15:14; Ezra 3:11, הֵרֵעוּ 1 Samuel 17:20, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָרִיעַ Isaiah 42:13; Psalm 41:12, וַיָּ֫רַע Joshua 6:20, etc.; Imperative feminine singular הָרִיעִי Zechariah 9:9; masculine plural הָרִיעוּ Joshua 6:10 +; Infinitive construct הָרִיעַ 2 Chronicles 13:12, 15; Participle plural מְרִיעִים Ezra 3:13; —

1. Hiph`il Meanings and Uses

a. Shout a war-cry, or alarm of battle

• Joshua 6:10 (3 times in verse)
• Joshua 6:16, 20
• Judges 7:21
• 1 Samuel 17:52
• Isaiah 42:13
• 2 Chronicles 13:15 (twice in verse)
• (+ תְּרוּעָה) Joshua 6:5, 20
• (+ לקראת) Judges 15:14
• (+ בַּמִּלְחָמָה) 1 Samuel 17:20

b. Sound a signal for war or march

• (+ חֲצֹצְרוֺת) Numbers 10:7, 9 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
• ("" תקע שׁוֺפָר) Hosea 5:8, compare Joel 2:1
• (+ על against) 2 Chronicles 13:12
• So also probably Job 30:5 (against a thief)

c. Shout in triumph over enemies

• (+ עַל) Jeremiah 50:15; Psalm 41:12
• absolute Zephaniah 3:14 ("" רנן)

d. Shout in applause

• absolute 1 Samuel 10:24
• Zechariah 9:9
• Of angels Job 38:7

e. Shout with religious impulse

• (+ תְּרוּעָה) 1 Samuel 4:5
• Ezra 3:11, 13
• In worship with music and sacrifice (+ לְ to God): Psalm 47:2; Psalm 66:1; Psalm 81:2; Psalm 95:1; Psalm 95:2; Psalm 98:4; Psalm 100:1
• (+ לפני) Psalm 98:6
• In joy (+ תַּחְתִּיּוֺת אֶרֶץ) Isaiah 44:23 ("" תָנּוּ שָׁמַיִם)

f. Cry out in distress

• Isaiah 15:4 (but Duhm² and Budde³ read יָָֽרְעוּ tremble)
• Micah 4:9 (of Zion under figure of woman, but perhaps read למה תָּרוֺעִי רֹעַ why art thou broken all to pieces? as in Proverbs 11:15)

2. Po`lal

Imperfect 3 masculine singular impersonal לֹא יְרֹעָ֑ע Isaiah 16:10 — a shout shall not be uttered (of joy in harvest; "" יְרֻנָּן).

3. Hithpo`lel

Imperfect 1 singular אֶתְרוֺעָ֑ע Psalm 108:10; 3 masculine plural יִתְרוֺעֲעוּ Psalm 65:14; Imperative feminine singular הִתְרוֺעָ֑עִי Psalm 60:10; —

1. shout in triumph:
   • (+ על) Psalm 60:10 (subject Philistia; ironical) "" Psalm 108:10
2. shout for joy:
   • Psalm 65:14 (meadows, valleys; "" שׁיר)

¹ Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae hebraeae et chaldaeae veteris testamenti (1829–1858).

² Bernhard Duhm, Das Buch Jesaia (1892; 4th ed., 1922).

³ Karl Budde, various critical commentaries on the Minor Prophets.

Verb Hiphil imperfect second person feminine singular

LXX: ἀλαλάξατε κήρυσσε κηρύξατε ὑπετάγησαν ἀλαλάξωμεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H7321:

ἀλαλάξατε 6× (13.5%)

κήρυσσε 2× (4.5%)

κηρύξατε 2× (4.5%)

ὑπετάγησαν 2× (4.5%)

ἀλαλάξωμεν 2× (4.5%)

ἠλάλαξαν 2× (4.2%)

רע רֵעַ

evil one/friend

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רע

rêaʻ

Definition

a crash (of thunder), noise (of war), shout (of joy)

Root

from H7321 (רוע);

Exhaustive

from רוע; a crash (of thunder), noise (of war), shout (of joy); [idiom] aloud, noise, shouted.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7452

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רֵעַ

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1345

1. companion, fellow, neighbour. 2. one like or resembling. 3. one beloved, amicus. 4. a moral sense fellow.

רֵעַ

verb • Root רעה • Strongs / High • Page 1347

Pi'el: To be a friend to.

רֵעַ

noun masculine • Root רעה • Strongs / High • Page 1347

I. A friend, companion.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רֵעַ

noun • Root רוע • Page 622

I. a cry, shout. Ex. 32: 17. Mic. 4: 9.

רֵעַ

noun masculine • Root רעה רעה • Page 622

II. 1. a companion, acquaintance, friend. Job 2: 11. 2. one beloved, a lover, spouse, husband. Prov. 19: 6.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7452

I. רֵעַ (approximate number of occurrences: 3) noun masculine — shouting, roar, but dubious.

— קוֹל הָעָם בְּרֵעֹה Exodus 32:17 (Elohist Source) sound of the people as they shouted (read Infinitive construct בָּרִעֹה for בְּהָרִיעוֹ, compare √ 5); יַגִּיד עָלָיו רֵעוֹ Job 36:33 the roar thereof telleth of him (< רַעְמוֹ his thunder, so Bu); לָמָּה תָרִיעִי רֵעַ Micah 4:9 why criest thou out with a crying? i.e. so loudly (but see √ 6).

II. III. רֵעַ see רעה.

¹ Elohist Source.

² Karl Budde.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H7452:

No stats available

המלך הֲמֶלֶךְ

the King

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

ha

Definition

? (interrog.)

Root

Interrogative particle

Exhaustive

the / or (interrog. particle)

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מלך

melek

Definition

a king

Root

from H4427 (מלך);

Exhaustive

from מלך; a king; king, royal.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4428

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

masculine noun • Root מלך • Strongs / High • Page 859

A king, ruler; properly an abstract concept of rule or government, but commonly used concretely. It can refer to a king of a land, city, people, or tribe. The term is also applied to Jehovah, idols, and animals distinguished for strength. It can also mean an adviser or counsellor, and is used as a proper name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

noun masculine • Page 380

a king. Ezek. 26: 7. 'the king of kings,' a title of the king of Babylon. Spoken frequently of Jehovah, Ps. 5: 3, and of false gods, Am. 5: 26.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4428

I. מֶ֫לֶךְ (approximate number of occurrences: 2513) noun masculine — king.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Mesha Inscription¹ מלך
• Phoenician מלך
• Zinjirli מלך
• Assyrian maliku, malku, prince (Assyrian šarru = king)
• Arabic ملك king
• Sabean מלכן, construct מלך, plural אמלך
• Ethiopic አምላክ God
• Aramaic מְלֵיךְ, מלכא
• Palmyrene מלך מלכא
• Nabataean מלכא

— מֶ֫לֶךְ absolute Genesis 14:7 +; in pause מֶ֑לֶךְ Genesis 49:20; construct מֶלֶךְ Genesis 14:1 +; suffix מַלְכִּי 2 Samuel 19:44 +; plural מְלָכִים Genesis 14:9 +, מְלָכִין Proverbs 31:3; construct מַלְכֵי Genesis 17:16 +; suffix מְלָכֶיהָ Isaiah 7:16 +, מַלְכֵיהֶם Deuteronomy 7:24 + etc.

1. King

Of various nations and regions:

• Of Egypt: Genesis 39:20; Exodus 1:8; Deuteronomy 11:3; 1 Kings 3:1
• Of Mesopotamia, Assyria, Babylon, Persia: Judges 3:8; Genesis 14:1; 2 Kings 15:19; 2 Kings 17:3; 2 Kings 18:13; 2 Kings 24:1; Ezra 1:1; Ezra 4:3; Esther 1:2 +
• Of Canaan, Philistia, Edom, Moab: Genesis 14:2; Genesis 20:2; Genesis 36:31; Numbers 20:14; Numbers 21:1; Joshua 2:2; Judges 8:5; 2 Kings 3:4
• Of Israel and Judah: Genesis 36:31; Numbers 23:21; Deuteronomy 17:14; 1 Samuel 8:5; 2 Samuel 2:4; 1 Kings 1:33 + (very often)

2. Of Davidic king, as under divine protection

• 1 Samuel 2:10 (+ מְשִׁיחוֺ)
• Psalm 2:6
• Psalm 18:51
• Psalm 89:19
• In Messianic prediction: Hosea 3:5; Isaiah 32:1; Jeremiah 23:5; Ezekiel 37:22–24; Zechariah 9:9

3. Used of Yahweh

As king of Israel and universal king:

• 1 Samuel 12:12
• Psalm 5:3; Psalm 10:16; Psalm 29:10; Psalm 44:5; Psalm 68:25; Psalm 145:1
• מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֺד King of glory Psalm 24:7–10
• Universal king: Psalm 47:3; Psalm 95:3; Jeremiah 10:7; Zechariah 14:9; Malachi 1:14

4. In fable and figurative use

• King of trees: Judges 9:8, 15
• Figurative of crocodile: Job 41:26
• Of death: מֶלֶךְ בַּלָּהוֺת king of terrors Job 18:14

5. Combinations and Phrases

1. Royal descriptions
   • הַמֶּלֶךְ הַגָּדוֺל the great king 2 Kings 18:19 (of Assyrian king)
   • מֶלֶךְ מְלָכִים king of kings Ezekiel 26:7 (of Babylon)
   • יְחִי הַמֶּלֶךְ long live the king! 1 Samuel 10:24; 1 Kings 1:34
2. With royal objects
   • מַעֲדַנֵּי־מֶלֶךְ royal dainties Genesis 49:20
   • מִשְׁתֵּה הַמֶּלֶךְ royal feast 1 Samuel 25:36
   • אֶבֶן הַמֶּלֶךְ king's weight 2 Samuel 14:26
   • מִקְדַּשׁ־מֶלֶךְ royal sanctuary Amos 7:13

II. מַלְכִּישׁוּעַ proper name masculine — son of Saul (my king is opulence); — 1 Samuel 14:49; 1 Samuel 31:2; 1 Chronicles 8:33. Greek Μελχεισα.

¹ Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

² Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889).

³ Jacob Barth, Die Nominalbildung in den semitischen Sprachen (1889–91).

⁴ W. Max Müller, Asien und Europa nach altägyptischen Denkmälern (1893).

Particle interrogative, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: βασιλεὺσ βασιλέωσ βασιλέα βασιλεῖ βασιλεῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4428:

βασιλεὺσ 631× (23.4%)

βασιλέωσ 546× (20.5%)

βασιλέα 419× (15.7%)

βασιλεῖ 196× (7.1%)

βασιλεῖσ 133× (4.9%)

βασιλεύσ 100× (3.5%)

--- 77× (3.2%)

'' 66× (2.3%)

βασιλέων 63× (2.4%)

βασιλεῦσιν 46× (1.6%)

אין אֵין־

there is not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אין

ʼayin

Definition

a non-entity; generally used as a negative particle

Root

as if from a primitive root meaning to be nothing or not exist;

Exhaustive

as if from a primitive root meaning to be nothing or not exist; a non-entity; generally used as a negative particle; else, except, fail, (father-) less, be gone, in(-curable), neither, never, no (where), none, nor, (any, thing), not, nothing, to nought, past, un(-searchable), well-nigh, without. Compare אין.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H369

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַיִן

adverb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 115

I. Interrogative adverb: where? Correlative to the words אָן and אֵי.

אַיִן

adv. / adjective • Strongs_Numbers • Page 115

II. A word of negation; primitive meaning sometimes an adverb (not, non), sometimes an adjective (none).

אַיִן

substantive / adv. • Strongs_Numbers • Page 116

Nothing, not, there is not; negation of existence. (Absolute state)

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֵין

substantive / adv. of negation • Root אין • Page 45

Properly a substantive meaning nothingness, defect, or non-existence. Used as an adverb of negation: 1. not, including the verb 'to be' (Gen. 37:29, Num. 14:42). 2. Used to signify 'to not be' or 'not to exist' (1 Sam. 9:4, 1 K. 18:10). 3. nothing (Ps. 19:7). 4. without (Ex. 21:11, Joel 1:6). 5. Combined with prepositions (Prov. 8:24, Ezek. 38:11).

אֵין

adv. of interr. • Root אי • Page 45

Where? Equivalent to אֵי or אַי with paragogic ן. Found only with the prefix מִ, as in מֵאַיִן meaning 'whence?' (Gen. 29:4).

אֵין

adverb • Page 45

Found only in 1 Sam. 21:9. Equivalent to the negative אֵין, but used interrogatively for הַאֵין meaning 'is there not?'.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H369

II. אַיִּין noun masculine — nought, nothing.

Cognates:

• Moabite אנ
• Assyrian iânu

— אַיִּין absolute Isaiah 40:23; construct אַיִן Isaiah 40:17 +.

1. As a Substantive

• Nothing, nought:
  • Isaiah 40:23 הַנּוֹתֵן רוֹזְנִים לְאַיִן who bringeth princes to nothing;
  • Isaiah 40:17 כְּאַיִן as nothing;
  • Isaiah 41:11, 12;
  • Haggai 2:3;
  • Psalm 39:6;
  • Psalm 73:2 (almost כִּמְעַט);
  • Isaiah 41:24 מֵאַיִן of nothing.

2. As a Particle of Negation

Construct אַיִן, very frequently as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not, etc. (corresponding to the affirmative יֵשׁ quod vide. Similar in usage, though not etymology akin, are Syriac ܐܪܡܝܐ, לֹא, Arabic لَيْسَ, Ethiopic ሀሁሂ, properly 'there is nought of ...' followed by a substantive or a pronominal suffix (אֵינֶנִּי [verbal form, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar¹ §100,5; §152,1c], אֵינְךָ, אֵינֶךְ, אֵינֶנּוּ, אֵינֶנָּה, אֵינְכֶם, אֵינָם, also Psalm 59:14 אֵינֵימוֹ, Psalm 73:5 אֵינֵימוֹ): twice abnormally, in late Hebrew, a noun אֵין אֲנִי, אֵין אֲנַחְנוּ Nehemiah 4:17 (so sometimes לֹא, Old Persian 𐎧𐎡𐎥, Theodor Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik² p. 295); once, incorrectly, אֵת Haggai 2:17).

• a. Denying existence absolutely:
  • Isaiah 44:6;
  • Isaiah 47:10 אֵין רֹאָנִי there is none that seeth me, literally nought of one seeing me!
  • אֵין עוֹד there is none else Deuteronomy 4:39; 1 Kings 8:60; Isaiah 45:5, 6, 18, 22.
• b. More commonly, in a limited sense, there is none here or at hand:
  • Exodus 2:12 and he saw כִּי אֵין אִישׁ that there was no man (that is, there);
  • Numbers 21:5;
  • Genesis 5:24 וְאֵינֶנּוּ and he was not (of Enoch's disappearance from earth);
  • Genesis 42:13 one (casus pendens as often), he is not;
  • Genesis 42:36;
  • Often = is (or has) vanished Genesis 37:30; 1 Kings 20:40; Isaiah 17:14; Psalm 37:10; Psalm 103:16; Job 8:22; Job 24:24; Job 27:19.
• c. With the sense determined by a predicate following:
  • Genesis 37:29 Joseph was not in the pit;
  • Genesis 41:39 + often;
  • Exodus 5:10 אֵינֶנִּי נֹתֵן לָכֶם תֶּבֶן I am not giving you straw;
  • And so often with participle where duration has to be expressed Genesis 39:23; Deuteronomy 21:18; Isaiah 1:15; Jeremiah 7:16, or intention Genesis 20:7 אֵינְךָ מְשִׁיב דַּע אִם if thou art not restoring her, know;
  • Genesis 43:5; Exodus 8:17; Exodus 33:15 (idiomatically, after אִם; see Driver³ §137);
  • Judges 12:3.
  • Following once pleonastic by יֵשׁ Psalm 135:17.

  Treated as a mere particle of negation, אֵין may vary its position in the sentence, the substantive which should strictly stand in the genitive being not only separated from it by a little word, as בּוֹ Genesis 37:24, לוֹ Exodus 22:1, שָׁם Exodus 12:30, גַּם Psalm 14:3, etc., but even for emphasis prefixed to it, as Genesis 19:31; Genesis 40:8 וּפֹתֵר אֵין אֹתוֹ; Genesis 41:15; Exodus 5:16; Judges 13:9; Judges 14:6; Judges 16:15; Judges 19:1 (so Michaelis 24): if however it be thus brought to the end of a sentence, or be disconnected with what follows, it stands in the absolute form, as Genesis 2:5 וְאָדָם אַיִּין לַעֲבֹד אֶת הָאֲדָמָה and man there was none to till the ground; Leviticus 26:37 וְרֹדֵף אָבִין; Numbers 20:5; 2 Kings 19:3; Hosea 13:4; Micah 7:2.

• d. Sometimes the subject has to be supplied from the context:
  • (α) 1 Samuel 9:4 and they passed through the land of Shaalim וָאַיִּין and they (the asses) were not (literally and nought!), especially after verbs of waiting or seeking Isaiah 59:11; Psalm 69:21; Job 3:9; Isaiah 41:17; Ezekiel 7:25; Proverbs 14:6; Proverbs 13:4; Proverbs 20:4.
  • (β) Exodus 17:7 is יְהוָה in the midst of us אִם אַיִּין or not?
  • (γ) Numbers 13:20; Judges 4:20 וְאָמַרְתְּ אַיִּין then thou shalt say, There is not; 1 Kings 18:10; 1 Samuel 10:14.
  • (δ) Genesis 30:1 give me children, וְאִם אַיִּין and if not, I die; Exodus 32:32; Judges 9:15, 20; 2 Samuel 17:6 (see Driver); 2 Kings 2:10; Job 33:33.
• e. With subject not expressed, once (late), Daniel 8:5 וְאֵין נֹגֵעַ בָּאָרֶץ and (it) was not touching the earth.
• Feminine once, Job 35:15 with the finite verb; but read here כִּי אֵין מֹקֵד (the usage of Syriac, cited by Delitzsch, does not justify the anomaly in Hebrew); Jeremiah 38:5 the imperfect may be due to the fact that no participle of יָכֹל was in use, and a relation must be tacitly supplied: 'The king is not (one that) can do aught against you.' On Exodus 3:2 see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §52,2 R. 6; Ewald §169d.

3. With לְ, There is (Was) Not to ... = ... Have, Has, Had, etc. Not

• Genesis 11:30 אֵין לָהּ וָלָד she had no child;
• Numbers 27:9 וְאִם אֵין לוֹ בַּת and if he have no daughter + often;
• With a participle Deuteronomy 22:27; Jeremiah 14:16; Jeremiah 30:17; Jeremiah 49:5; Jeremiah 50:32; Psalm 142:5; Lamentations 1:2, 9, 17;
• Exodus 22:2 אִם אֵין לוֹ if he have nought;
• Daniel 9:26 וְאֵין לוֹ and have nought (or none).

4. In Circumstantial Clauses (Driver §164)

• (a) Exodus 21:11 she shall go out free אֵין כָּסֶף without money; Exodus 22:9 אֵין רֹאֵה none seeing it; Numbers 11:6; Isaiah 47:1; Jeremiah 2:32; Hosea 3:4; Hosea 7:11; Psalm 32:9; Psalm 88:5 +.
• (b) Deuteronomy 32:4 a God of faithfulness וְאֵין עָוֶל and no iniquity, i.e. without iniquity; Jeremiah 5:21; Joel 1:6; Psalm 104:25.
• (c) Very often, in such phrases as וְאֵין מַחֲרִיד with none to affright Leviticus 26:6 (12 times); וְאֵין מְכַבֶּה Isaiah 1:31 and elsewhere; וְאֵין מַצִּיל Isaiah 5:29; Psalm 7:3, etc. (Driver §159).

5. With Infinitive and לְ, It is Not to ... : i.e.

• (a) Like οὐκ ἔστιν, it is not possible to ... (compare below יֵשׁ and לֹא), but hardly except in late Hebrew; 2 Chronicles 20:6 וְאֵין עִמְּךָ לְהִתְיַצֵּב it is not possible to stand (in conflict) with thee; 2 Chronicles 22:9; Ezra 9:15; Ecclesiastes 3:14; Esther 4:2. Once without לְ, Psalm 40:6 אֵין עֲרֹךְ אֵלֶיךָ οὐκ ἔστι παραβάλλειν σοι.
• (β) There is no need to ... 1 Chronicles 23:26 וְגַם לַלְּוִיִּם אֵין לָשֵׂאת for the Levites also there was no need to bear; 2 Chronicles 5:11; 2 Chronicles 35:15 (see Driver §202.1).

6. With Prefixes

• a. בְּאֵין Properly in defect of: (α) for want of, without — Proverbs 5:23 He will die בְּאֵין מוּסָר for lack of instruction; Proverbs 11:14 בְּאֵין תַּחְבֻּלוֹת without guidance; Proverbs 14:4; Proverbs 15:22; Proverbs 26:20; Proverbs 29:18; Isaiah 57:1; Ezekiel 38:11; compare בְּלֹא. (β) of time = when there was (were) not Proverbs 8:24 (twice in verse).
• b. כְּאֵין Isaiah 59:10 כְּאֵין עֵינַיִם in poetry for כַּאֲשֶׁר אֵין לוֹ עֵינַיִם (compare Ewald §286g; Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §152.1h).
• c. לְאֵין (α) for לַאֲשֶׁר אֵין לוֹ Isaiah 40:29; in late prose 2 Chronicles 14:10; Nehemiah 8:10. (β) in the condition of not ... (לְ of state, see below לְ) = without or so that not ... (peculiar to Chronicles), 1 Chronicles 22:4 cedar trees לְאֵין מִסְפָּר without number; 2 Chronicles 14:12 and there fell of the Cushites לְאֵין לָהֶם מִחְיָה so that they had none remaining alive; 2 Chronicles 20:25 לְאֵין מַשָּׂא so that there was no carrying away; 2 Chronicles 21:18; Ezra 9:14. (γ) עַד לְאֵין (see עַד לְ), 2 Chronicles 36:16 until there was no remedy (compare עַד אֵין — Psalm 40:13; Job 5:9).
• d. מֵאֵין (a) (מִן causal) from lack of ... Isaiah 50:2; Jeremiah 7:32; Jeremiah 19:11. (β) (מִן negative, see מִן) properly away from there being no ... (with אֵין pleonastic, compare מִבְּלִי, and מִבְּלִי אֵין), i.e. so that not ..., without, mostly epexegetical of some term expressing desolation: Isaiah 5:9 Surely many houses shall be desolate מֵאֵין יוֹשֵׁב without inhabitant; Isaiah 6:11 מֵאֵין אָדָם; Jeremiah 32:43 מֵאֵין אָדָם וְבַהֲמָה; Jeremiah 33:10, 12; Ezekiel 33:28; Lamentations 3:49. Once followed by infinitive Malachi 2:13 so that there is no regarding more. (γ) in Jeremiah 10:6, 7 מֵאֵין כָּמוֹךָ, מֵאֵין is supposed by some to = a strengthened אֵין, even none, none at all; but it is difficult to justify this explanation logically; and it is preferable to point מֵאַיִּין כָּמוֹךָ whence is any like thee? compare Jeremiah 30:7. (So Hitzig; see Driver, Hebraica ii. 34-7.)

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Theodor Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik, Halle, 1875.

³ S. R. Driver, Hebrew Tenses, 3rd ed., Oxford, 1892.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0369:

No stats available

בך בָּ֗ךְ

within yourself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9032

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּ

preposition • Page 84

A preposition with various meanings: 4. by (swearing, Gen. 22:16); 5. through (Num. 12:2); 6. upon (Num. 14:10); 7. to a place or thing (Judg. 6:35); 8. against (Gen. 16:12); 9. concerning (after 'to speak'); 10. out of, from (Gen. 44:5); 11. among; 12. before (Gen. 23:18); 13. for (Deut. 19:21); 14. on account of (Gen. 18:28); 15. after, according to (Gen. 1:26); 16. as (Job 34:36); 17. used with verbs of sense; 18. Beth essentiae (Jehovah is among my helpers, Ps. 118:7); 19. before an infinitive: when, while, after, since (Gen. 2:4).

בּ

prefix • Page 83

A prefix preposition with various meanings: 1. In or into a place/subject. 2. With, denoting an instrument, aid, or concomitance. 3. On, at, or near.

Preposition, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular

אם אִם־

if

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אם

ʼim

Definition

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

Root

a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle; used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not; (and, can-, doubtless, if, that) (not), [phrase] but, either, [phrase] except, [phrase] more(-over if, than), neither, nevertheless, nor, oh that, or, [phrase] save (only, -ing), seeing, since, sith, [phrase] surely (no more, none, not), though, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] unless, [phrase] verily, when, whereas, whether, while, [phrase] yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H518

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אִם

conjunction • Strongs_Numbers • Page 146

If; a conditional conjunction.

אִם

conjunction • Strongs_Numbers • Page 147

Conditional particle corresponding to 'if', 'whether', or 'although'. It is used with perfect and imperfect tenses to express conditions, repeated acts, or permanent states. In formulas of swearing (oaths), it implies a negative ('surely not'). It can also introduce a question.

אִם

conj. / particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 148

Conditional particle indicating 'if', 'whether', 'either...or'; also used as a particle of time: 'when', 'since'; a particle of wishing: 'oh if!', 'would that!'; and sometimes as an exclamation: 'behold!', 'lo!'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אִם

primitive particle • Page 54

1. adv. of time, when; referring either to time past, like the Germ. da, als, Am. 7: 2 when they had en-

אִם

conj. / adv. / interrog. particle • Page 55

A conditional and interrogative particle with multiple senses: 2. if, supposing that; 3. although (Judg. 13:16); 4. O that (Gen. 30:27); 5. whether... or (Ex. 19:13); 6. in swearing (not, that not; 2 Sam. 11:11); 7. perhaps that (Gen. 31:52); 8. interrogative (Jer. 3:5); 11. whether...not (Est. 4:14); 13. (אם-לא) if not, but (Gen. 24:58).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H518

I. אִם conjunction (= Aramaic ܐܠ if [and in ܐܒܓܕ, אֱלָא = 𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎡 if not, except], Arabic إله if [and in 𐎐𐎍𐎢𐎗 = ܐܠܗܐ if not, except], Ethiopic አማር: (§mma) if = מָה + אִם ( + ܐܠܦ) [and in ܗܢܐ (allâ) if not, but], Assyrian umma; also in Arabic ܐܠܗܐ 'An?' = ܐܠܗܐ, compare הֲאִם: see Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik p. 208, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1886, p. 739; Wright, Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages i. §367e) — Targum of Onkelos, Targum of Jonathan אִם, Targum of Haggai אִין.

Cognates:

• Aramaic ܐܠ if, and in ܐܒܓܕ; אֱלָא = 𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎡 if not, except
• Arabic إله if, and in 𐎐𐎍𐎢𐎗 = ܐܠܗܐ if not, except
• Ethiopic አማር: (§mma) if = מָה + אִם ( + ܐܠܦ) [and in ܗܢܐ (allâ) if not, but]
• Assyrian umma
• Arabic ܐܠܗܐ 'An?' = ܐܠܗܐ

1. Hypothetical Particle: If

Construction (see more fully Driver §§136-138, 143; Friedrich, Die Hebräischen Konditionalsätze 1884).

• With imperfect (continued by perfects and waw consecutive; apodosis usually begins with perfect and waw consecutive or bare imperfect; or, if necessary, with imperative or jussive):
  • Of future time: Genesis 18:26 אִם־אֶמְצָא if I shall find 50 righteous in Sodom, וְנָשָׂאתִי I will pardon, etc.; Genesis 24:8; Genesis 32:9; Deuteronomy 19:8 f.; 1 Kings 1:52; 1 Kings 6:12; Psalm 89:31; Genesis 42:37; Judges 13:16; 1 Kings 1:52; Psalm 132:12.
  • Of past time (rare, but classical): Genesis 31:8 אִם יֹאמַר if ever he said... וְיַלְדוּ then they used to bear, etc.; Exodus 40:37; and in the protestations Job 31:7, 13, 16, 25 etc. (alternating with perfect, see below, and with jussives in apodosis).
  • Assuming a purely imaginary case (with imperfect in both clauses, like the double optative in Greek), if, though: Genesis 13:16 so that אִם־יֻכַל if a man were able to number the stars, thy seed also יִמָנֶה might be numbered; Numbers 22:18; Isaiah 1:18 כַּשָּׁנִים יִלְבִינוּ though your sins were as scarlet, they should become white as snow; Amos 9:2-4 אִם־יַחְתְּרוּ though they were to dig into Sheol, from thence תִּקָּחֵם would my hand fetch them; Psalm 27:3; Psalm 139:8 +.
• With participle (expressing either a present process, or an approaching future: apodosis as above): Genesis 24:42, 49; Judges 6:36; Judges 9:15; Judges 11:9 אִם מְשִׁיבִים אַתֶּם if ye are going to bring me back... וְנָתַן then I will, etc.; similarly with יֵשׁ or אֵין Genesis 44:26; Exodus 22:2; 1 Samuel 20:8; 1 Samuel 23:23; and with no explicit copula Deuteronomy 22:2; Deuteronomy 25:2; Leviticus 1:3, 14, etc.
• With perfect:
  • Of future or present time (continued by perfects and waw consecutive: apodosis as above): Genesis 43:9 אִם־לֹא הֲבִיאֹתִיו אֵלֶיךָ if I do not bring him back (si eum non reduxero) and set him before thee, I will be guilty for ever; Genesis 47:6 if thou knowest that there are men of worth among them וְשִׂמְתָּם then make them, etc.; Judges 16:17; 2 Samuel 15:33; 2 Kings 7:4; Psalm 41:7; Psalm 94:18; Job 7:4; Job 9:30 f.; Job 10:14 אִם חָטָאתִי וְשָׁמַרְתָּנִי if I sin, thou watchest me. On אִם־נָא Genesis 18:3 and elsewhere see נָא.
  • Of past time, whether (α) in actual fact, or (β) in an assumed case (the perfect is here continued by the imperfect and waw consecutive; apodosis begins as before):
    • (α) Judges 9:16-19 אִם עֲשִׂיתֶם if ye have done honestly וַתַּמְלִיכוּ and have made Abimelech king..., 1 Samuel 26:19; especially in protestations, as Psalm 7:4 אִם עָשִׂיתִי זֹאת if I have done this..., let the enemy pursue my soul, etc.; Jeremiah 33:25 f.; Job 31:5 f.; Job 31:9, etc.
    • (β) Numbers 5:27 if she have defiled herself וַתִּמְעַל and been faithless, וּבָאוּ then shall they come, etc.; Numbers 15:24; Numbers 35:22-24.
  • With bare perfect in apodosis, in sense of If...had..., only Deuteronomy 32:30 אִם־לֹא כִּי were it not that..., Psalm 73:15. (לוּ is more usual in such cases.)
• With infinitive once (si vera lectio) Job 9:27 אִם אָמְרִי = if I say (literally if (there is) my saying).

Note that the verb following אִם is often strengthened by the infinitive absolute, as Exodus 15:26; Exodus 19:5; Exodus 21:5; Exodus 22:3; Exodus 22:12; Exodus 22:16; Exodus 22:22; Judges 11:30; Judges 14:12; Judges 16:11 etc.; compare Driver, Hebrew Tenses i. 20, 6.

2. Special Uses

• Repeated אִם...אִם whether...or (sive...sive) Exodus 19:13; Deuteronomy 18:3; 2 Samuel 15:21; similarly אִם...וְאִם Genesis 31:52; Jeremiah 42:6; Ecclesiastes 11:3; Ecclesiastes 12:14 (compare Syriac ܐܠ...ܐܠ, ܐܒܓ...ܐܠ Psalm 250; ܐܠܗܐ...ܐܠܗܐ and ܐܒܓܕ...𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎶).
• After an oath (expressed, or merely implied) אִם (the formula of imprecation being omitted) becomes an emphatic negative, and אִם־לֹא an emphatic affirmative: 2 Samuel 11:11 by thy life אִם־אֶעֱשֶׂה אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה (may God bring all manner of evil upon me) if I do this thing! = surely I will not do this thing! (compare the full phrases in 1 Samuel 3:17; 2 Kings 6:31) Genesis 14:23; Genesis 42:15; Numbers 14:23; 1 Samuel 3:14; 1 Samuel 19:6; 2 Kings 2:2; 2 Kings 3:14 and often; Isaiah 22:14; Psalm 89:36; Psalm 95:11; Job 6:28; אִם־לֹא Numbers 14:28; Joshua 14:9; 1 Kings 20:23; 2 Kings 9:26; Isaiah 5:9; Isaiah 14:24; Jeremiah 15:11; Jeremiah 49:20; Job 1:11; Ezekiel 14:16; after a negative clause, emphasizing a contrasted idea, Genesis 24:38 (where the explanation by Aramaic אֱלָא is not supported by Hebrew usage), compare Jeremiah 22:6. Repeated, אִם...וְאִם 2 Samuel 20:20; 2 Kings 3:14; Isaiah 62:8; Jeremiah 38:16; Ezekiel 14:16. In adjurations (with 2nd or 3rd person) = that not Genesis 21:23; Genesis 26:29; Genesis 31:50; 1 Samuel 24:22; 1 Kings 1:51; Canticles 2:7; Canticles 3:5 +. Of past or present time: 1 Samuel 25:34 as I liveth (I say) that, unless thou hadst hastened..., כִּי אִם נוֹתַר that surely there had not been left...! 1 Samuel 17:55 as thy soul liveth אִם־יָדַעְתִּי if I know it! 1 Kings 17:12; 1 Kings 18:10 — both אִם־יֵשׁ (כִּי here merely introduces the fact sworn to, and need not be translated; so 2 Samuel 3:35): see כִּי; Psalm 121:2 אִם־לֹא (after a negative clause: compare above Genesis 24:38; Psalm 131:2). Compare Strack §90.
• Part of wishing, if but...! oh that...! (rare) Psalm 81:9 If thou wouldest hearken to me! Psalm 95:7; Psalm 139:19; Proverbs 24:11. Compare Exodus 32:32. With an imperative (si vera lectio) Job 34:16 וְאִם־יָבִין; and with an anacoluthon, Genesis 23:13 (P) אִם־אַתָּה לוּ שָׁמַעְתָּנִי if thou! — oh that thou wouldst hear me!
• Nearly = when — with the perfect: (α) of past, Genesis 38:9; Numbers 21:9 וְהָיָה אִם־נָשַׁךְ and it used to be, if or when a serpent had bitten a man, that he would look, etc., Judges 6:3; Psalm 78:34 (see Driver §136 δ Obs.); Amos 7:2. (β) of present or future, Isaiah 4:4 אִם רָחַץ when the Lord shall have washed, Isaiah 24:13; Isaiah 28:25; compare Numbers 36:4 (with the imperfect).

3. Compounded with Other Particles

• בִּלְתִּי אִם except if, except, Genesis 47:18; Judges 7:14; Amos 3:3, 4. (Perhaps הֲלוֹא אִם 2 Kings 20:19 (for which Isaiah 39:7 has simply כִּי), perhaps Is it not (good), if...? (De Dillmann, Gesenius, Hi).)
• כִּי אִם, q.v.
• עַד אִם Genesis 24:19, 33; Isaiah 30:17; Ruth 2:21, and עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם Genesis 28:15; Numbers 32:17; Isaiah 6:11, until, properly until if or when.
• רַק אִם if only (see רַק).

אִם־לֹא in Ezekiel 3:6 b is very difficult. The versions render If I had sent, etc., implying לֹא for אִם־לֹא (for Ewald's אִם־לוּ = אִלּוּ, q.v., is precarious): Gesenius, Hi, Co 'but (אִם־לֹא after a negative, compare above Genesis 24:38; Psalm 131:2) unto them (Israel) have I sent thee: they can understand thee' (but understand is a dubious rendering of שָׁמַע).

4. Interrogative Particle

• In direct question: (α) alone (not frequently and usually = Num? expecting the answer No, especially in a rhetorical style): Genesis 38:17; 1 Kings 1:27; Judges 5:8 מָגֵן אִם־יֵרָאָה וָרֹמַח was there a shield to be seen or a spear...? Isaiah 29:16; and repeated Amos 3:6; Jeremiah 48:27; Job 6:12. (β) more frequently in disjunctive interrogation: (α) הֲ...אִם, expressing a real alternative Joshua 5:13 הֲלָנוּ אַתָּה אִם־לְצָרֵינוּ art thou for us, or for our enemies? Judges 9:2; 1 Kings 22:6, 15: more often expressing a merely formal alternative, especially in poetry (a rhetorical Num?) Genesis 37:8; Numbers 11:12, 22; Judges 11:25 b 2 Samuel 19:36; Isaiah 10:15; Isaiah 66:8; Jeremiah 3:5; Habakkuk 3:8; Psalm 77:10; Psalm 78:20; Job 4:17; Job 6:5, 6; Job 10:4, 5; Job 11:7 etc. (β) הֲ...וְאִם (rarer than הֲ...אִם, but similar in use) 2 Samuel 24:13 (a real alt.); Isaiah 49:24; Isaiah 50:2; Jeremiah 5:9 (Jeremiah 5:29 אִם) Jeremiah 14:22; Joel 1:2; Joel 4:4; Job 8:3; Job 11:2; Job 21:4; Job 22:3; Job 34:17; Job 40:8 f. (formal); Genesis 17:17 P (with an anacoluthon) shall a child...? וְאִם־שָׂרָה and Sarah, — shall she that is 90 years old bear? Proverbs 27:24 (וְאִם after negative clause).
• In oblique interrogation, if, whether: (α) alone, after verbs of seeing, inquiring, etc. 2 Kings 1:2; Jeremiah 5:1; Jeremiah 30:6; Malachi 3:10; Psalm 139:24; Canticles 7:13; Lamentations 1:12; Ezra 2:59; once מִי יוֹדֵעַ אִם who knoweth if...? i.e. (like haud scio an) perhaps Esther 4:14 (older synonym מִי יוֹדֵעַ alone: see 2 Samuel 12:22; Joel 2:14; Jonah 3:9). (β) disjunctively הֲ...אִם Genesis 27:21; Numbers 13:18-20; so אִם...וְאִם Joshua 24:15.

Compounded with הֲ, הֲאִם Numbers 17:28 הֲאִם תַּמְנוּ לִגְוֹעַ probably an emphatic Num? Shall we ever have finished dying? Job 6:13 difficult: perhaps Is it that my help is not in me? (a forcible means of expressing that that which might be thought impossible is nevertheless the case); Hi as an aposiop., If my help is not in me (am I still to wait)? (The view that הֲאִם = הֲלֹא nonne? is inconsistent with the fact that אִם in a question has regularly the force of Num?)

¹ Theodor Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik, Halle, 1875.

² Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1886.

³ William Wright, A Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages, Cambridge, 1890.

⁴ Samuel Rolles Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew and Some Other Syntactical Questions, 3rd ed., Oxford, 1892.

⁵ Friedrich Die Hebräischen Konditionalsätze, 1884.

⁶ Yahwist Source.

⁷ Hermann Strack, Grammatik des Biblisch-Aramäischen, Leipzig, 1896.

Particle

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0518a:

No stats available

יועצך יוֹעֲצֵךְ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יעץ

yâʻats

Definition

to advise; reflexively, to deliberate or resolve

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to advise; reflexively, to deliberate or resolve; advertise, take advise, advise (well), consult, (give, take) counsel(-lor), determine, devise, guide, purpose.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3289

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9032

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָעַץ

verb • Root יעץ • Strongs / High • Page 626

1. to make firm, to establish, to support. 2. Figuratively, to resolve firmly, to decide.

יָעַץ

verb • Strongs / High • Page 627

To determine against, bring on, prepare; to counsel, exhort, advise.

יָעַץ

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1067

Properly to fasten, to make firm, to support; therefore figuratively to determine firmly, to decide, to recommend. (Includes Hif. to advise).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָעַץ

verb • Root עוץ • Page 290

1. to advise, give advice. 2. to take counsel, purpose, resolve. 3. to consult or provide for anyone. 4. to predict, foretel. Includes Niphal reflex. 'to receive advice' and recipr. 'to consult together'. (2 Sam. 17:11, Job 26:3, Ps. 62:5, Is. 7:5, Ps. 16:7, Num. 24:14, Prov. 13:10, 1 Chr. 13:1)

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3289

I. יָעַץ (approximate number of occurrences: 80) verb — advise, counsel (only twice in Hexateuch).

Cognates:

• Aramaic יְעַט
• Arabic وعظ exhort, admonish

— יָעַץ Perfect 3 masculine singular יָעַץ Isaiah 7:5 (11 times); יָעָ֑ץ Isaiah 14:27 (2 times); suffix יְעָצָ֑נִי Psalm 16:7; suffix יְעָצָהּ Isaiah 23:9 + יְעָצָהוּ Baer¹ 2 Chronicles 10:8; 3 plural יָָֽעֲצוּ Psalm 62:5; suffix יְעָצֻהוּ 1 Kings 12:8 (2 times); Imperfect אִיעֲצָה Psalm 32:8 (Ol² Che³ אִיעָֽצְךָ); אִיעָֽצְךָ Exodus 18:19, Numbers 24:14, Jeremiah 38:15; אִיעָצֵךְ 1 Kings 1:12; Participle active יוֺעֵץ Isaiah 3:3 (9 times); construct יֹעֵץ Nahum 1:11; Passive participle feminine יְעוּצָה Isaiah 14:26.

1. Qal: Meanings and Uses

a. advise, counsel

• with accusative: Isaiah 32:7–8; Isaiah 23:9 (subject יהוה); Micah 6:5
• followed by עַל against: Isaiah 7:5; Isaiah 19:12; Isaiah 23:8; Jeremiah 49:30; Isaiah 19:17
• followed by אֶל against: Jeremiah 49:20; Jeremiah 50:45 (in both of יהוה)
• absolute (of Yahweh): Isaiah 14:24, Isaiah 14:27
• absolute (of man): 2 Samuel 17:15; 2 Samuel 17:21
• followed by infinitive: Psalm 62:5; 2 Chronicles 25:16 (of אלהים)

b. Participle active as substantive = counsellor

• king's adviser: 2 Samuel 15:12; 1 Chronicles 27:33; 2 Chronicles 22:4; Ezra 7:28
• feminine: 2 Chronicles 22:3
• messianic title: מֶּלֶא יוֺעֵץ Isaiah 9:5 wonder of a counsellor, of the ideal ruler
• prophet: Isaiah 41:28

2. Niphal: consult together, exchange counsel

— Perfect נוֺעַץ Isaiah 40:14; נוֺעֲצוּ Psalm 71:10; Imperfect וַיִּוָּעַץ 1 Kings 12:6 (10 times).

• followed by אֶתֿ: 1 Kings 12:6, 12:8; 2 Chronicles 10:6
• followed by עִם: 1 Chronicles 13:1; 2 Chronicles 32:3
• absolute: 1 Kings 12:28; 2 Chronicles 30:2; Proverbs 13:10
• nearly = determine, followed by infinitive: 2 Chronicles 30:23

3. Hithpael: conspire

— Imperfect יִתְיָעֲצוּ Psalm 83:4 conspire against, followed by עַל (+ יַעֲרִימוּ סוֺד).

¹ S. Baer, Liber Psalmorum (and other parts of the Hebrew Bible), 1860–1895.

² Justus Olshausen, Die Psalmen (1853).

³ T. K. Cheyne, The Prophecies of Isaiah (1880–1881).

Verb Qal participle active masculine singular construct, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular

LXX: ἐβουλεύσατο ἐβουλεύσαντο βεβούλευται συμβουλεύσω σύμβουλοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3289:

ἐβουλεύσατο 15× (17.7%)

ἐβουλεύσαντο 6× (7.5%)

βεβούλευται 5× (6.2%)

συμβουλεύσω 4× (4.9%)

σύμβουλοσ 3× (3.8%)

βουλεύεσθε 3× (3.8%)

συνεβουλεύσαντο 3× (3.8%)

συνεβουλεύσατο 3× (3.5%)

σύμβουλον 3× (3.5%)

συνεβούλευσα 2× (2.4%)

אבד אָבָד

he has become lost

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אבד

ʼâbad

Definition

properly, to wander away, i.e. lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to wander away, i.e. lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy); break, destroy(-uction), [phrase] not escape, fail, lose, (cause to, make) perish, spend, [idiom] and surely, take, be undone, [idiom] utterly, be void of, have no way to flee.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָבַד

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 45

intr. properly: to be isolated, forsaken; hence 1. to wander about, 2. to be lost, to disappear, to cease, 3. to perish, 4. To lose something

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֹבַד

m. verbal • Root אבד • Page 18

Ruin, destruction (Num. 24: 20, 24). Signification is abstract.

אָבַד

verb • Page 18

To perish, wander, stray. Specifically used of cattle (Ps. 119: 176), exiles (Is. 27: 13), and a wandering Syrian (Deut. 26: 5). Includes sub-meanings: 3. to perish (Joel 1: 11, Job 4: 11) and 4. to be unfortunate or forsaken (Job 29: 13). Piel (Pi.) means to lose, cause to fail, or pervert understanding. Hiphil (Hiph.) means to destroy or lead astray. Chaldee form used for 'to perish'.

אָבַד

verb • Root אבד • Page 17

To be lost, to fail, to perish, or to go astray. Used in reference to persons, things (like a law or wisdom), and the heart/understanding. Core references: 1 Sam. 9:3, Deut. 22:3, Job 11:20, Jer. 25:35, Ps. 142:5, Ezek. 7:26, etc.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6

I. אָבַד (approximate number of occurrences: frequent) verb — perish¹.

Cognates:

• Mishnaic Hebrew אָבַד
• Assyrian abâtu (Friedrich Delitzsch², Assyrian Dictionary 184)
• Aramaic אֲבַד
• Syriac ܐܒܕ

Qal

Perfect אָבַד Numbers 21:30 +; אָבְדוּ Psalm 10:16 + (+ Ezekiel 6:3 strike out idem Cornill); Imperfect יֵאָבַד Job 3:3; Jeremiah 4:9; יֵאָבֵד Job 20:7 (2 times); 3 feminine singular תֵּאָבַד Deuteronomy 22:3 (4 times); תֵּאָבֵד Job 8:13 (3 times); יֵאָבְדוּ Judges 5:31 (3 times); יֵאָבֵדוּ Job 4:9 +; 3 feminine plural וַתֵּאָבַדְנָה 1 Samuel 9:3; תֵּאָבֵדוּן Deuteronomy 4:26 +; נֵאָבֵד Jonah 1:6; Jonah 3:9; נֵאָבְדָה Jonah 1:14, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָבֵד Deuteronomy 4:26 (2 times); construct אֲבֹד Deuteronomy 7:20; Proverbs 11:10; אֲבֹדְךָ Deuteronomy 28:20; אָבְדֶךָ Deuteronomy 28:22; אֲבֹדְכֶם Joshua 23:13; אָבְדָם Obadiah 12; Proverbs 28:28; Participle אֹבֵד Deuteronomy 26:5 + (7 times); construct אֹבֵד Deuteronomy 32:28 (before עַז? see Dillmann, Böttcher § 378); etc.

1. perish, die, of individuals (mostly late) Numbers 17:27 (parallel נוּעַ & (verse 28) מֵת, (also Deuteronomy 26:5? compare below) Jonah 1:6, Jonah 1:14; Job 31:19; compare Job 29:13; Proverbs 31:6; Esther 4:14, Esther 4:16 (twice in verse); Micah 4:9; Jeremiah 40:15 compare Isaiah 57:1; Proverbs 11:10; Proverbs 28:28; Ecclesiastes 7:15; Psalm 119:92; emphasis on mortality Job 4:20; Psalm 146:4; Ecclesiastes 9:6; Saul & Jonathan, under figure of weapons 2 Samuel 1:27; lion Job 4:11; caravan Job 6:18 (compare Dillmann); compare מִנְּהָאָרֶץ חָסִיד אָבַד Micah 7:2, מֶלֶח מַעֲזָה אָבַד וְאָבַד Zechariah 9:5;
2. perish, be exterminated (judgment for sin), of Israel Leviticus 26:38; Deuteronomy 8:19 (twice in verse); Deuteronomy 8:20; Deuteronomy 28:20; Deuteronomy 28:22; Deuteronomy 30:18 (twice in verse); Jeremiah 27:10, Jeremiah 27:15; compare Jeremiah 6:21; Obadiah 12; compare Psalm 80:17; Isaiah 27:13; other nations Deuteronomy 7:20; Jeremiah 10:15; Jeremiah 51:18; Psalm 2:12; Psalm 10:16; Psalm 83:18; compare Psalm 9:4; Amos 1:8; Isaiah 41:11; Isaiah 60:12 compare Jonah 3:9 see also Exodus 10:7; Numbers 21:29, Numbers 21:30 (Jehovist, Elohist); Jeremiah 48:46; house of Ahab 2 Kings 9:8; wicked in general Judges 5:31; Job 4:9 compare Job 4:7, Psalm 37:20; Psalm 49:11; Psalm 68:3 (parallel simile of melting wax), Psalm 73:27; Psalm 92:10; also Proverbs 19:9; Proverbs 21:18; כִּי לֹא נָצַח אָבַד Job 20:7; compare כִּי דֶּרֶךְ רְשָׁעִים אָבַד Psalm 1:6; followed by מֵעַל הָאָרֶץ (of annihilation of Israel) Deuteronomy 4:26 (twice in verse); Deuteronomy 11:17; Joshua 23:13, Joshua 23:16 (Deuteronomistic); followed by מִתּוֹךְ הַקָּהָל (of Korah's company) Numbers 16:33 (Jehovist, Elohist);
3. perish, be ruined, destroyed, of inanimate things, e.g. land Jeremiah 9:11 (parallel נִצְּתָה כַּמִּדְבָּר compare Jeremiah 48:8; harvest Joel 1:11; Jonah's gourd Jonah 4:10; riches Jeremiah 48:36; Ecclesiastes 5:13; vessel Psalm 31:13; houses Amos 3:15 (so often Assyrian, Delitzsch); city Ezekiel 26:17 (but strike out idem Cornill); compare bamoth Ezekiel 6:3 strike out idem Cornill; heavens & earth Psalm 102:27.
4. figurative perish, vanish, subject memory Job 18:17; Psalm 9:7; name Psalm 41:6 (i.e. be forgotten); vigour Job 30:2; wisdom Isaiah 29:14; compare אֹבֵד עֲצוֹת Deuteronomy 32:28; אֲמוּנָה Jeremiah 7:28 (parallel נִכְרְתָה); חָזוֹן Ezekiel 12:22; יוֹם Job 3:3 (i.e. be blotted out); לֵב Jeremiah 4:9 (i.e. courage fail); תִּקְוָה Psalm 9:19; Proverbs 10:28; Proverbs 11:7; Ezekiel 19:5; Ezekiel 37:11; Job 8:13; so תַּאֲוָה Psalm 112:10 (i.e. comes to naught); תּוֹחֶלֶת Proverbs 11:7, followed by מִן + agent Lamentations 3:18; עֲצָה + תּוֹרָה followed by מֵן + persons negligent Jeremiah 18:18; Ezekiel 7:26, compare Jeremiah 49:7; especially מָנוֹס מִן אָבַד (i.e. they could not escape) Amos 2:14; Jeremiah 25:35; Job 11:20; Psalm 142:5.
5. be lost, strayed, asses 1 Samuel 9:3, 1 Samuel 9:20; sheep Jeremiah 50:6; Ezekiel 34:4, Ezekiel 34:16; Psalm 119:176 (figurative of erring men); perhaps Deuteronomy 26:5.

Pi'el

Causative of Qal. — Perfect אִבֵּד 2 Kings 21:3 (2 times); suffix וְאִבַּדְךָ Cornill Ezekiel 28:16 compare below; אִבַּדְתִּי Jeremiah 15:7; וְאִבַּדְתִּי Ezekiel 6:3 (strike out idem Cornill וְאָבְדוּ) etc.; Imperfect יְאַבֵּד Ecclesiastes 9:18; וְיַאַבֵּד Ecclesiastes 7:7; Zephaniah 2:13; 1 singular suffix וָאַבֵּדְךָ Ezekiel 28:16 (for וָאֲאַבֵּד Ewald § 72 c, Olshausen § 79 a, König I:338, Gesenius § 68 fin; but Cornill 3 masculine singular; see also Cornill Ezekiel 38:14); תְּאַבְּדוּן Deuteronomy 12:2 etc.; Infinitive absolute אַבֵּד Deuteronomy 12:2 (3 times); construct idem Ezekiel 22:27 + etc.; Participle מְאַבְּדִים Jeremiah 23:1.

1. cause to perish, destroy, kill, object person (mostly late) 2 Kings 11:1; Esther 3:9; Esther 4:7; Esther 8:5; Esther 9:24; parallel הָרַג Esther 9:6, Esther 9:12; parallel הָרַג + הַשְּׁמִיד Esther 3:13; Esther 7:4; Esther 8:11; parallel הָמִית Esther 9:24; compare Psalm 119:95; object נְפָשׁוֹת Ezekiel 22:17 (strike out idem Cornill); in judgment, subject יְהוָה Psalm 5:7; compare Proverbs 1:32; followed by מִתּוֹךְ Ezekiel 28:16; object a people 2 Kings 13:7; 2 Kings 19:18 = Isaiah 37:19; Job 12:13; in judgment Deuteronomy 11:4; Jeremiah 12:17; Zephaniah 2:13; Psalm 9:6; compare Psalm 21:11; object inanimate things especially idols, bamoth etc., Numbers 33:52 (twice in verse); (Jehovist) Deuteronomy 12:2 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 21:3; Ezekiel 6:3 (but compare strike out idem Cornill above); bars of Zion Lamentations 2:9 (parallel שִּׁבַּר).
2. figurative cause to vanish, blot out, do away with names of idols Deuteronomy 12:3; voice of Babylon Jeremiah 51:55; memory of dead Isaiah 26:14; substance Proverbs 29:3; understanding Ecclesiastes 7:7; good (טוֹבָה quod vide) Ecclesiastes 9:18.
3. cause to stray, lose; object Israel under figure of flock Jeremiah 23:1 (parallel הָפִיץ); absolute Ecclesiastes 3:6 (parallel בִּקֵּשׁ).

Hiph'il

Perfect וְהֵאֱבִיד Numbers 24:19; הֵאֱבַדְתָּ Job 14:19 etc.; Imperfect אֹבִידָה Jeremiah 46:8 (Gesenius § 68, 2 R. 1). Infinitive construct הַאֲבִיד 2 Kings 10:19 + etc.; Participle מַאֲבִיד Deuteronomy 8:20.

1. destroy, put to death, in judgment, (subject יְהוָה) object person Leviticus 23:30 (followed by מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֹ; parallel כָּרַת Leviticus 23:29); Jeremiah 49:38 (followed by מִשָּׁם); Obadiah 8 (followed by מֵאֲדָמָה); object nation, Ammon Ezekiel 25:7 (followed by מִנְּהָאָרְצוֹת; parallel כָּרַת), compare Ezekiel 25:16; Canaanites Deuteronomy 8:20 (followed by מִמֶּנִּי); Canaan = Philistines Zephaniah 2:5 (parallel כָּרַת); especially Israel Deuteronomy 28:51, Deuteronomy 28:63 (parallel הַשְּׁמִיד), compare Joshua 7:7; also absolute Jeremiah 18:7 (parallel לִנְתוֹשׁ וְלִנְתוֹץ) = Jeremiah 1:10 (+ וְלַהֲרוֹס) = Jeremiah 31:28 (+ וְלַהֲרַע); animals Ezekiel 32:13 (followed by מֵעַל מַיִם רַבִּים); compare Deuteronomy 7:10; Psalm 143:12 (parallel הַצְמִית); (human subject), object servants of Baal 2 Kings 10:19, object nation Deuteronomy 9:3, compare Numbers 24:19 (Elohist; followed by מֵעִיר); 2 Kings 24:2; compare Jeremiah 46:8; object inanimate, chariots Micah 5:9; idols Ezekiel 30:13 (strike out B Cornill).
2. figurative, object name of kings Deuteronomy 7:24 (followed by מִתַּחַת הַשָּׁמַיִם); hope Job 14:19; voice of mirth etc. Jeremiah 25:10 (compare Jeremiah 51:55 Pi'el above).

II. [אֲבַד] verb perish (Biblical Aramaic); — Pe'al masculine plural 3 יְאַבֵּדוּן (not וָן #NAME? § 26, 1) Jeremiah 10:11 they shall perish, pass away.

Haph'el (Old Aramaic הַאֲבַד Lidzbarski 205 Cooke 189) destroy: Imperfect 2 masculine singular אַלְתְּהוֹבֵד (K § 41 c) Daniel 2:24 (c. person); 3 masculine plural יְהוֹבְדוּן Daniel 2:18 (indefinite subject; accusative of person); Infinitive לְהוֹבָדָא Daniel 2:12; Daniel 2:24 (both with ל person), דָּה־ Daniel 7:26 (absolute).

Hoph'al (K § 41 c W CG 225) be destroyed: Perfect 3 masculine singular הוֹבַד Daniel 7:11.

אבה (assumed as √ of following).

¹ Root meaning "perish".

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrian Dictionary.

Verb Qal perfect third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0006:

No stats available

כי כִּי־

for

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3588

I. כִּי conjunction — that, for, when.

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician כ
• Aramaic דֵּךְ this¹
• Latin nam

1. That

a. Prefixed to sentences depending on an active verb

Occupying the place of an accusative; after verbs of seeing, knowing, telling, etc.:

• Genesis 1:10 וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי טוֹב (God saw that it was good)
• Genesis 3:6, Genesis 6:2, Genesis 6:5, Genesis 12:14
• Genesis 14:14, Genesis 22:12 (knowing)
• Genesis 12:18, Genesis 6:6–7 (repenting)
• Genesis 22:16 (swearing)
• Job 36:10, 24 (commanding)
• Psalm 41:12 (after a pronoun)

b. Introducing direct narration

Like the Greek ὅτι recitativum:

• Genesis 21:30
• Genesis 29:33 and she said, כִּי שָׁמַע יְהוָה Yahweh hath heard, etc.
• Exodus 3:12
• Joshua 2:24
• 1 Samuel 10:19 and ye have said to him, כִּי מֶלֶךְ תָּשִׂים עָלֵינוּ

c. Especially after an oath

Introducing the fact sworn to:

• Genesis 42:16 by the life of Pharaoh, כִּי מְרַגְּלִים אַתֶּם
• Numbers 14:22
• 1 Samuel 20:3 as יְהוָה liveth, כִּי כְפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת
• 1 Samuel 14:44 כֹּה יַעֲשֶׂה אֱלֹהִים וְכֹה יוֹסִיף כִּי מוֹת תָּמוּת

d. With adverbs and interjections

• אַף כִּי (see אַף)
• הֲכִי is it that...? 2 Samuel 9:1, Genesis 29:15
• אִם לֹא כִּי Deuteronomy 32:30 were it not that...
• כִּי עַתָּה (apodosis) Genesis 31:42, Genesis 43:10

e. Intensive force

Introducing a statement with emphasis: yea, surely, certainly:

• Exodus 18:11
• 1 Samuel 17:25
• Isaiah 32:13
• Lamentations 3:22 (the mercies of יְהוָה, surely they are not consumed)

f. That, expressing consecution

Especially after a question implying surprise or deprecation:

• Genesis 20:9 what have I sinned against thee כִּי הֵבֵאתָ עָלַי that thou hast brought upon me?
• Exodus 3:11 who am I כִּי אֵלֵךְ that I should go?
• Psalm 8:5 what is man כִּי תִזְכְּרֶנּוּ?
• Genesis 40:15 (after a negative)

2. Of time

a. When

• Of the past: Genesis 6:1, Genesis 26:8, 2 Samuel 6:13
• Of the present: Exodus 18:16 כִּי יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר when they have a matter
• Of the future: Genesis 4:12 כִּי תַעֲבֹד אֶת הָאֲדָמָה, Exodus 7:9

b. Approximating to "if"

Representing a case likely to occur (mostly with imperfect):

• Genesis 38:16
• Often in laws: Exodus 21:14, 21:33; Leviticus 1:2

c. Concessive force (though)

• Jeremiah 49:16 כִּי תַגְבִּיהַּ כַּנֶּשֶׁר קִנֶּךָ though thou make high like the vulture thy nest
• Micah 7:8 כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קָמְתִּי though I have fallen, I rise

3. Because, since

a. General causal

• Genesis 3:14 because thou hast done this, cursed art thou
• Genesis 18:20
• In answer to a question: Genesis 27:20, Exodus 1:19

b. Following the causal sentence (for)

• Genesis 2:3 כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת because on it he rested
• Psalm 6:3 heal me כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ עֲצָמָי for my bones are vexed
• Ironical: 1 Kings 18:27 for he is a god

c. Subtle or explicative causal

Justifying a statement by unfolding particulars:

• Isaiah 3:8, Job 6:21
• 2 Samuel 23:5, Isaiah 5:7

d. After a negative (but / sondern)

• Genesis 17:15 not Sarai, כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ but Sarah shall be her name
• Exodus 16:8 not against us... כִּי עַל יְהוָה but against Yahweh
• לֹא כִּי nay, but: Genesis 18:15 לֹא כִּי צָחָקְתְּ

4. Combined with Other Particles

a. כִּי אִם (except, but rather, surely)

• Except: Genesis 32:27 כִּי אִם בֵּרַכְתָּנִי except thou bless me
• But rather: Genesis 15:4, Genesis 32:29
• Surely (after oath): 2 Kings 5:20 כִּי אִם רַצְתִּי surely I will run

b. כִּי עַל כֵּן (forasmuch as / for therefore)

• Genesis 18:5 כִּי עַל כֵּן עֲבַרְתֶּם for therefore are ye come
• Numbers 14:43, Judges 6:22

¹ William Wright, Lectures on the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages (W. SG 110 f.).

² S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (Dr).

³ Ewald's Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ew).

Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

החזיקך הֶחֱזִיקֵךְ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חזק

châzaq

Definition

to fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong (figuratively, courageous, causatively strengthen, cure, help, repair, fortify), obstinate; to bind, restrain, conquer

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong (figuratively, courageous, causatively strengthen, cure, help, repair, fortify), obstinate; to bind, restrain, conquer; aid, amend, [idiom] calker, catch, cleave, confirm, be constant, constrain, continue, be of good (take) courage(-ous, -ly), encourage (self), be established, fasten, force, fortify, make hard, harden, help, (lay) hold (fast), lean, maintain, play the man, mend, become (wax) mighty, prevail, be recovered, repair, retain, seize, be (wax) sore, strengthen (self), be stout, be (make, shew, wax) strong(-er), be sure, take (hold), be urgent, behave self valiantly, withstand.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2388

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9032

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָזַק

verb • Strongs / High • Page 472

To bind firmly, fasten, twist together strongly. Can mean: to hang fast to something; to be stout or firm; to make firm, support, or preserve; to be strong, sound, or powerful; to increase.

חָזַק

verb • Root חזק • Strongs / High • Page 473

To be firm, strong, for executing or maintaining a thing; to be courageous; to be confirmed, of sovereignty; to remain firm; to be stronger than, to conquer; in a bad sense, to be hard, to be obstinate; to overpower, conquer; to lie upon something with force or violence; to hold fast, to seize hold of.

חָזַק

verb • Root חזק • Strongs / High • Page 1530

to overpower, to compel, to assail with violence, with the accus. ; to oppress; to prevail against.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חִזֵּק

pi. v. • Root חזק • Page 221

1. to gird.

חֶזֶק

m. verbal / dec. vi. m. • Root חזק • Page 222

Same as חֹזֶק: strength (Ex. 13:3, 14, 16).

חַזָּק

m. verbal adj. idem. • Root חזק • Page 222

Same as חָזָק: strong, mighty (Ex. 19:19, 2 Sam. 3:1).

חָזַק

verb • Page 221

1. to bind fast, to tie strait. 2. to adhere or stick fast (2 Sam. 18:9, 2 Chr. 31:4, Deut. 12:23). 3. to strengthen, be or become strong (Josh. 17:13, Judg. 1:28, Gen. 41:56, 1 Sam. 17:50, 2 Chr. 8:3). 4. to urge on (Ex. 12:33, Ezek. 3:14, Jer. 20:7). 5. to be recovered from a sickness (Is. 39:1). 6. figuratively, to be firm, strong, undaunted (Deut. 31:7, 23, Dan. 10:19, Judg. 7:11). 7. to be hard, obstinate, inflexible (Mal. 3:13, Ex. 7:13, 22). 8. to be confirmed, established (2 K. 14:5, 2 Chr. 25:3).

חָזַק

verb • Root חזק • Page 222

To fortify or intrench (2 Chr. 11:11, 12); to repair (2 K. 12:8); to build anew (Neh. 3:19); to strengthen (Judg. 16:28); to heal (Ezek. 34:4, 16); to urge on or inspire with courage (Jer. 23:14, Job 4:3); to support, help, or assist (2 Chr. 29:34, Ezra 6:22); to harden the heart (Ex. 4:21). Hithpa. stem: to be strengthened, confirmed; to gather one’s strength (Gen. 48:2); to take courage (2 Chr. 15:8); to act courageously (2 Sam. 10:12); to oppose (2 Chr. 13:7, 8).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2388

I. חָזַק (approximate number of occurrences: 291) verb — be or grow firm, strong, strengthen.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Aramaic חֲזַק bind on or about, gird on
• Arabic حذق bind, squeeze

— חָזַק absolute Genesis 41:57 (4 times); חָזָק 2 Chronicles 26:15; suffix חֲזָקוֹ 2 Chronicles 28:20 etc.; Qal Imperfect יֶהֱזַק 2 Chronicles 28:7 (Baer¹) + 2 times; וַיֶּחֱזַק Genesis 41:56 +; יֶחֶזְקוּ 2 Samuel 10:11; יֶחְזְקוּ Isaiah 28:22; Imperative חֲזַק Deuteronomy 12:23; חִזְקוּ Deuteronomy 31:6; construct לְחָזְקָה 2 Kings 12:13; suffix לְחָזְקָהּ Ezekiel 30:21; Participle חָזֵק Exodus 19:19; 2 Samuel 3:1 etc.

I. Qal (intransitive): be or grow strong

1. Physical and military strength

• a. of physical strength of hands Judges 7:11; 2 Samuel 2:7; Ezekiel 22:14; of recovery from illness Isaiah 39:1; followed by מִן (overpower) 1 Samuel 17:50.
• b. of people, army Deuteronomy 11:8; Joshua 17:13 (Jehovist Source); followed by מִן (prevail against) 2 Samuel 10:11 = 1 Chronicles 19:12; followed by עַל 2 Chronicles 8:3.
• c. of royal power 2 Samuel 3:1 (opposed to הֹלְכִים וְדַלִּים); Daniel 11:5.
• d. of the word of a king (prevail over) 2 Samuel 24:4.
• e. of bonds Isaiah 28:22.
• f. of sound of trumpet Exodus 19:19 (Elohist Source) it grew much louder and louder.

2. To be firm or fast

• a. literally be caught fast, of Absalom's head 2 Samuel 18:9.
• b. be firm, secure, of a kingdom 2 Kings 14:5.
• c. be firm = courageous, confident, usually with אָמֵץ Deuteronomy 31:6, 7, 23; Joshua 1:6, 7, 9, 18 (Deuteronomic Source); Psalm 27:14; Isaiah 35:4.
• d. hold firmly to, devote oneself to 2 Chronicles 31:4.
• e. firmly refrain from blood Deuteronomy 12:23.

3. Press, be urgent

• Followed by עַל + Infinitive Exodus 12:33 (Elohist Source); of hand of God in prophetic ecstasy Ezekiel 3:14 (LXX² and Co³ read חֲזָקָה).

4. In bad sense

• a. grow stout, rigid, hard, of Pharaoh's heart Exodus 7:13, 22; Exodus 8:15 (Priests' Code); Malachi 3:13.
• b. be severe, grievous, of battle 2 Kings 3:26; of famine Genesis 41:56–57 (Elohist Source).

II. Qal (transitive): strengthen

— לֹא חֲזֶקוֹ 2 Chronicles 28:20 strengthened him not (text dubious).

III. Pi`el: make strong, restore, repair

— Perfect חִזַּק Psalm 147:13; Imperfect וַיְחַזֵּק Exodus 9:12; Imperative חַזֵּק Nehemiah 6:9; feminine חַזְּקִי Nahum 3:14; Infinitive חַזֵּק 2 Kings 12:9.

1. make strong (physically)
   • a. of persons Judges 16:28; Nahum 2:2.
   • b. restore to health or strength Daniel 10:18; Ezekiel 34:4.
   • c. fortify or repair a town or temple 2 Kings 12:6; 2 Kings 22:6; Nehemiah 3:19.
2. strengthen the hands = sustain, encourage
   • Judges 9:24; Isaiah 35:3; Ezra 6:22; 1 Samuel 23:16.
3. make bold, encourage
   • Deuteronomy 1:38; 2 Samuel 11:5.
4. make firm, fixed
   • a. bind firmly Isaiah 22:21.
   • b. definitely adopt Psalm 64:6.
5. harden the heart (perverse, obstinate)
   • Exodus 4:21; Exodus 10:20 (Elohist Source); Exodus 14:4 (Priests' Code).

IV. Hiph`il: seize, keep hold, display strength

— Perfect הֶחֱזִיק Judges 7:8; 3 feminine singular הֶחֱזִ֫יקָה Jeremiah 49:24; Imperfect 1 singular וְאַחְזֵק Isaiah 42:6; Infinitive הַחֲזִיק 2 Kings 15:19; Participle מַחֲזִיק Exodus 9:2.

1. strengthen, make firm
   • a. strengthen Jeremiah 51:12.
   • b. make firm the kingdom 2 Kings 15:19.
   • c. display strength 2 Chronicles 26:8; Daniel 11:32.
2. repair walls
   • Nehemiah 3:4; Ezekiel 27:9.
3. prevail
   • Daniel 11:7; Job 18:9; 2 Kings 4:8.
4. take or keep hold of, seize, grasp
   • a. take hold of, seize Genesis 19:16 (Jehovist Source); Exodus 4:4; Zechariah 8:23; Proverbs 7:13; 2 Samuel 13:11; figurative of God leading Isaiah 41:9; metaphorical Micah 4:9; pious laying hold of God Isaiah 64:6; of wisdom Proverbs 3:18.
   • b. keep hold of Judges 16:26; Jeremiah 50:33.
   • c. sustain, support Leviticus 25:35; Isaiah 42:6.
   • d. keep, retain Exodus 9:2; Micah 7:18.
   • e. hold, contain 2 Chronicles 4:5.

V. Hithpa`el: strengthen oneself, put forth strength

— Perfect הִתְחַזַּק 2 Chronicles 13:7; Imperfect וַיִּתְחַזֵּק Genesis 48:2; Imperative הִתְחַזְּקוּ 1 Samuel 4:9; Participle מִתְחַזֵּק 2 Samuel 3:6.

1. strengthen oneself, gain strength
   • 2 Samuel 3:6; 2 Chronicles 1:1; Ezra 7:28; figurative = take courage 2 Chronicles 15:8.
2. put forth strength, use one's strength
   • Genesis 48:2 (exerted himself); Numbers 13:20; 2 Samuel 10:12.
3. withstand
   • Followed by לִפְנֵי 2 Chronicles 13:7, 8.
4. hold strongly with, cleave to
   • 1 Chronicles 11:10; Daniel 10:21.

¹ S. Baer, Hebrew Bible (textual editor).

² Septuagint (Greek Old Testament).

³ Carl Cornill, Ezechiel (1886).

Verb Hiphil perfect third person masculine singular, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular

LXX: ἐκράτησεν κατίσχυσεν ἐκράτησαν ἀνδρίζου κατισχῦσαι

LXX Usage Statistics

H2388:

ἐκράτησεν 24× (8.3%)

κατίσχυσεν 16× (5.0%)

ἐκράτησαν 10× (3.4%)

ἀνδρίζου 8× (2.8%)

κατισχῦσαι 8× (2.6%)

ἐπελάβετο 8× (2.5%)

ἴσχυε 7× (2.4%)

ἐνίσχυσεν 7× (2.3%)

κατέσχεν 5× (1.7%)

ἰσχύσατε 5× (1.8%)

חיל חיל

a force

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חיל

chîyl

Definition

a throe (expectant of childbirth)

Root

and (feminine) חילה; from H2342 (חול);

Exhaustive

and (feminine) חילה; from חול; a throe (expectant of childbirth); pain, pang, sorrow.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2427

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חִיל

noun masculine • Root חול • Strongs / High • Page 481

The pang, of a woman bearing; earthquake; cognate in sense with חָרַד. See another meaning under חִילָן.

חִיל

verb • Root חול • Strongs / High • Page 481

As a verb, see חוּל.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חִיל

m. and חִילָה • Root חול • Page 226

1. pain, especially of childbirth (Ps. 48:7, Jer. 6:24). 2. trembling, fear (Ex. 15:14).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2427

I. חִיל (approximate number of occurrences: 6) noun masculine^{Exodus 15:14} — a writhing, anguish.

— חִיל absolute Exodus 15:14 (5 times);

1. Meanings and Uses

a. writhing (contortions of fear)

• Exodus 15:14 ("" verb רָגַז)

b. anguish (always in simile כַּיּוֺלֵדָה)

• Psalm 48:7 (allied kings against Jerusalem)
• Micah 4:9 (Zion, before Assyrians)
• Jeremiah 6:24 ("" צָרָה, before Scythians or Chaldeans)
• Jeremiah 50:43 (of king of Babylon; "" צָרָה)
• Jeremiah 22:23 ("" חבלים)

חִילָה noun feminine — anguish, Job 6:10.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ὠδῖνεσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2427a:

ὠδῖνεσ 5× (61.7%)

כיולדה כַּיּוֹלֵדָה׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כ

kə

Definition

like, as

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix Derived terms כאשר‎ (ka'ashér) כמו‎ (k'mó) כמות‎ (k'mót) כש־‎ (k'she-)

Exhaustive

(kaph) — as / like / according to

Core value: correspondence, patterning, resonance
כ never asserts identity. It asserts alignment.
- likeness,
- proportionality,
- conformity to a form.
Aonically, כ signals phase-alignment, not comparison.
not “like X in appearance” but “operating according to the same pattern as X.”
This is why prophetic and poetic language leans heavily on כ: it encodes structural analogy across layers, not metaphor.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ילד

yâlad

Definition

to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage; bear, beget, birth(-day), born, (make to) bring forth (children, young), bring up, calve, child, come, be delivered (of a child), time of delivery, gender, hatch, labour, (do the office of a) midwife, declare pedigrees, be the son of, (woman in, woman that) travail(-eth, -ing woman).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3205

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָלַד

verb • Root ילד • Strongs / High • Page 608

To bear, to bring forth, spoken of women giving birth to children, beasts bearing young, or birds laying eggs.

יָלַד

verb • Root ילד • Strongs / High • Page 609

To bear, bring forth (of a woman); to beget (of a father). Figuratively: to bring forth, make appear, cause to take place; to create, produce, appoint.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָלַד

verb • Root ילד • Page 283

1. to bring forth, as a mother (Gen. 4:1; Prov. 17:25). 2. to beget, as a father (Gen. 4:18; Ps. 2:7). 3. to lay eggs (Jer. 17:11). Includes stems: Niph. נוֹלַד (to be born, Gen. 4:18), Pi. יִלֵּד (to help to bring forth, as a midwife, Ex. 1:16), Pu. יֻלַּד (to be born, Gen. 10:21), and Hiph. הוֹלִיד (to cause to bring forth, Is. 66:9).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3205

I. יָלַד (approximate number of occurrences: 497) verb — bear, bring forth, beget.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic יְלִיד, יְלֵיד
• Arabic ولد
• Ethiopic ወለደ
• Assyrian alâdu³

Qal

— יָלַד Perfect יָלַד Genesis 4:18 (3 times in verse) + 16 times; יָלָ֑ד Jeremiah 17:11; וְיָלַד consecutive Psalm 7:15; suffix יְלָֽדְךָ Deuteronomy 32:18; 2 masculine singular suffix ילדתני Jeremiah 2:27 Kt; Qr יְלִדְתָּנוּ (König¹ i. 410, GKC² § 70, 2. R. 4); 1 singular suffix יְלִדְתִּ֫יךָ Psalm 2:7; יְלִדְתִּ֫יהוּ Numbers 11:12, etc.; Imperfect יֵלֶד (יֹום) Proverbs 27:1; 3 feminine singular תֵּלֵד Genesis 17:17 6 times; וַתֵּ֫לֶד Genesis 4:1 61 times; 2 feminine singular תֵּלְדִי Genesis 3:16; אֵלֵד Genesis 18:13; וָאֵלֵד 1 Kings 3:17; יֵ˜לְדוּ Isaiah 65:23; 3 feminine plural תֵּלַדְנָה Jeremiah 29:6; וַתֵּלַדְנָה Ezekiel 23:4; וַתֵּלַדְןָ Genesis 30:39, etc.; Infinitive absolute יָלֹד Job 15:35; construct לֵדָה Hosea 9:11 3 times; לֶ֫דֶת Genesis 4:2 10 times; לָלַת 1 Samuel 4:19 (König¹ i, 402, but probably text error Driver⁴); suffix לִדְתִּי 1 Kings 3:18, etc.; Participle active יֹלֵד Proverbs 17:21; Jeremiah 30:6, etc.; feminine יוֺלֵדָה Hosea 13:13 12 times; יֹלֶ֫דֶת Genesis 17:19 4 times; יֹלַדְתְּ Genesis 16:11 2 times (König¹ i. 404 f.; perhaps יֹלֶדֶת intended by Kt, compare Stade⁵ § 213 b); suffix Proverbs 23:25; יוֺלַדְתּוֺ Proverbs 17:25; etc.; plural יֹלְדוֺת Jeremiah 16:3; Passive participle יָלוּד 1 Kings 3:26, 27; construct יְלוּד Job 14:1 2 times; plural יְלוּדִים 1 Chronicles 14:4.

1. Bear, bring forth

• a. (a mother a child) so commonly, approximately 208 times: followed by accusative Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:1; = be delivered of a child, 1 Kings 3:17–18; 2 Kings 19:3; of animals Genesis 30:39; Jeremiah 14:5; Job 39:1–2; also of labour וַתְּקַשׁ בְּלִדְתָּהּ Genesis 35:16; (compare Moses as mother of Israel Numbers 11:12).
• b. in simile of distress: Micah 4:9–10; Isaiah 13:8; Isaiah 42:14; Jeremiah 6:24; Jeremiah 30:6; Psalm 48:7; ילד על־ברכים (Stade⁹) Genesis 30:3; Genesis 50:23.
• c. figurative: of wicked וְהָרָה עָמָל וְיָלַד שָׁ֑קֶר Psalm 7:15 (compare Job 15:35); of Tyre Isaiah 23:4; of Jerusalem Isaiah 51:18; of a day לֹא־תֵדַע מַה־יֵּ֫לֶד יוֺם Proverbs 27:1; of God as mother of Israel Deuteronomy 32:18.

2. Less often beget

• a. literal, approximately 22 times: in Hexateuch a mark of Jehovist Source; Genesis 4:18; Genesis 10:8, 13, 15; 1 Chronicles 1:10; Proverbs 17:21; Daniel 11:6.
• b. figurative: Psalm 2:7 of Jehovah's formally installing king.

3. Of both parents

• Zechariah 13:3 (twice in verse); Passive participle 1 Kings 3:26–27; 1 Chronicles 14:4.

Niph`al

— Perfect נוֺלַד 1 Chronicles 2:3 6 times; הנּוֺלַד Genesis 21:3; נוּ֯לְּדוּ Genesis 3:5; Imperfect יִוָּלֵד Genesis 17:17; Infinitive הִוָּ֑לֶד Genesis 21:5; Participle נוֺלָד 1 Kings 13:2. — be born.

• Followed by לְ (born to such and such a man): Genesis 4:18; Genesis 21:3, 5; 1 Chronicles 3:1, 4, 5.
• Without לְ: Job 3:3; Psalm 78:6; Ecclesiastes 7:1.
• Metaphor of Israel: Hosea 2:5; of nation Isaiah 66:8.
• With predicate: רָ֑שׁ Ecclesiastes 4:14 he was born poor; Proverbs 17:17.

Pi`el

— Infinitive יַלֶּדְכֶן Exodus 1:16; Participle מְיַלֶּדֶת Genesis 35:17. — assist or tend as midwife.

• Followed by accusative Exodus 1:16; elsewhere feminine participle as substantive = midwife: Genesis 35:17 (Elohist Source); Genesis 38:28 (Jehovist Source); Exodus 1:15–21.

Pu`al

— Perfect יֻלַּד Genesis 4:26; יֻלְּדוּ Genesis 6:1. — be born (i.q. Niph'al).

• Followed by לְ of father: Genesis 4:26; Genesis 10:21 (Jehovist Source); Genesis 35:26 (Priests' Code).
• Followed by לְ of purpose: אדם לעמל יוּלָּד Job 5:7.
• Figurative of Zion: Psalm 87:4–6; of mountains Psalm 90:2.

Hiph`il

— Perfect הוֺלִיד Genesis 11:27; Imperfect יוֺלִיד Genesis 17:20; Imperative הוֺלִי֫דוּ Jeremiah 29:6; Participle מוֺלִיד Isaiah 66:9.

1. Beget (fathering a child)

• Genesis 5:3–4 (Priests' Code); 1 Chronicles 2:10; Ruth 4:18.
• figurative: of producing dewdrops Job 38:28; of earth bearing grain Isaiah 55:10.

2. Bear

• Only figurative: Isaiah 59:4 of wicked bringing forth iniquity.

Hoph`al

— Infinitive חֻלֶּ֫דֶת Genesis 40:20; Ezekiel 16:4–5. — day of one's birth, birthday.

Hithpa`el

— Imperfect וַיִּתְיִלְּדוּ Numbers 1:18. — declared their pedigree.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ Eberhard Schrader, The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (COT).

⁴ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel.

⁵ B. Stade, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879).

⁶ August Dillmann, Commentaries on the Hexateuch.

⁷ J. Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (1861).

⁸ C. H. Cornill, Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

⁹ B. Stade, Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) 1886.

Preposition -Like Art, Verb Qal participle active feminine singular absolute

LXX: ἐγέννησεν ἔτεκεν γεννῆσαι ἔτεκον ἐτέχθησαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3205:

ἐγέννησεν 153× (30.2%)

ἔτεκεν 97× (18.6%)

γεννῆσαι 17× (3.0%)

ἔτεκον 11× (2.2%)

ἐτέχθησαν 9× (1.8%)

τικτούσησ 9× (1.6%)

ὡσ 8× (1.7%)

τεκεῖν 7× (1.3%)

τέξεται 7× (1.3%)

ἐγένοντο 7× (1.4%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Now wherefore wilt thou cry out with an outcry? is no king in thee? or thy counselor perished? for pain laid hold of thee as she bringing forth.

LITV Translation:
Now why do you cry aloud, an outcry? Is there not a king among you? Has your adviser perished? For pangs have seized you like one giving birth.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And now, why hast thou known calamities? was there not a king to thee? or has thy counsel perished that pangs as of a woman in travail have seized upon thee?