Micah 4:11

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ועתה וְעַתָּה

and

now

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עתה

ʻattâh

Definition

at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive

Root

from H6256 (עת);

Exhaustive

from עת; at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive; henceforth, now, straightway, this time, whereas.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6258

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַתָּה

adverb • Consonantal / Low • Page 1147

Adverb: now; properly: at the time = at present, till now, till the present; opposite of the past in אָז. Used also of the future (if now, i.e. in case).

Matched after stripping common prefixes

עָתָה

verb transitive • Root עות • Consonantal / Low • Page 1147

(not used) tr. to support, to help.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6258

I. עַתָּה (approximate number of occurrences: 435; also Ezekiel 23:43; Psalm 74:6 עת Kt, Qr עַתָּה) adverb of time — now (properly accusative of [ʿint], עֵת, at the time, in particular of the present time, i.e. now).

Cognates:

• German zur Zeit
• Arabic الآن (at the time, i.e. now)

— עַתָּה Genesis 12:19 +; עָ֑תָּה (pausal) Genesis 32:5 + etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Used of the present time

• Genesis 12:19 (+ ועתה הנה אשׁתך)
• Genesis 22:12 (+ כי עתה ידעתי), Exodus 18:11, Judges 17:13, 1 Kings 17:24 (עַתָּה זֶה), Psalm 20:7
• As opposed to past time: Genesis 32:11; Joshua 14:11 (כְּכֹחִי אָז וּכְכֹחִי עָ֑תָּה); Isaiah 1:21; Hosea 2:9 (כִּי טוֺב לִי אָז מַעָ֑תָּה)
• As opposed to future time: Numbers 24:17 (אֶרְאֶנּוּ ולא עתה); Judges 8:6; 1 Samuel 2:16
• Meaning after all: Numbers 22:38; Judges 8:2
• Meaning now at last: 2 Samuel 24:16; 1 Kings 19:4; 2 Kings 19:25; Jeremiah 4:12
• In the phrase מעתה ועד עולם (from now and forever): Isaiah 9:6; Isaiah 59:21; Micah 4:7; Psalm 113:2; Psalm 115:18; Psalm 121:8; Psalm 125:2; Psalm 131:3

b. Of the imminent or impending future

• Genesis 19:9 (עַתָּה נָרַע לְךָ מַהֶם)
• Genesis 29:32 (כי עתה יאהבני אישׁי), Genesis 29:34
• Exodus 6:1 (עתה תראה), Numbers 11:23, Numbers 22:4, 2 Samuel 20:6
• Introducing a punishment: Hosea 4:16, Hosea 5:7, Hosea 8:8, Jeremiah 10:2

c. Of a time ideally present (= then)

• Isaiah 29:22 (לא עתה יבושׁ יעקב)
• Hosea 10:3; Micah 4:9–11, 14; Micah 5:3

d. Describing a present state (= as things are)

• 1 Samuel 8:5 (עתה שִׂימָה לנו מלך)
• 1 Samuel 27:1; 2 Kings 18:20, 25; Job 6:21; Job 14:16; Job 16:7

e. With an Imperative, as an encouragement

• Genesis 31:13 (עתה קים צא)
• Exodus 18:19 (עתה שְׁמַע בקולי), Numbers 22:11, Deuteronomy 2:13

2. Phrases

a. עַתָּה זֶה

• 1 Kings 17:24; 2 Kings 5:22

b. וְעַתָּה (and now, or now therefore)

Drawing a conclusion, especially a practical one, from what has been stated:

• Genesis 3:22; Genesis 20:7, 23 (וְעַתָּה הִשָּֽׁבְעָה לִי הֵ֫נָּה)
• Genesis 27:3, 8 (ועתה בני שְׁמַע בקולי)
• Isaiah 5:3, 5; Psalm 2:10; Psalm 39:8 (ועתה מַה־קִּזִּיתִי אֲדֹנָי)

c. וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה

Stating the ground on which some conclusion or action is to be based:

• Exodus 3:9; Joshua 14:10; 1 Samuel 12:2; 1 Kings 1:18; Jeremiah 40:4

d. גַּם עַתָּה

• Genesis 44:10; 1 Samuel 12:16; 1 Kings 14:14; Joel 2:12; Job 16:19

e. מֵעַתָּה (from now, henceforth)

• Jeremiah 3:4; Isaiah 48:6; 10:17; 2 Chronicles 16:9

f. עַד־עַתָּה (until now)

• Genesis 32:5 (וֶאֵחַר עַד־עַתָּה)
• Deuteronomy 12:9 (אל הנחלה לא באתם עד עתה)
• Exodus 9:18; 2 Kings 8:6; Ruth 2:7

g. כִּי עַתָּה (for in this case, for then)

עַתָּה pointing to a condition assumed as a possible contingency:

• (a) Exodus 9:15 (כי עתה שׁלחתי); Numbers 22:29 (כי עתה הֲרַגְתִּיךְ); Job 3:13, 6:3, 13:19
• (b) After a protasis, surely then: Genesis 31:42

Note: Textual emendations suggest reading עַתָּה for עֵת in Ezekiel 16:57, Ezekiel 27:34, and Haggai 1:2; also interchange of עַתָּה and אַתָּה in 1 Kings 1:18, 20; 2 Samuel 18:3.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897) (Kö).

² S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892) (Dr).

Conjunction, Adverb

LXX: νῦν νυνὶ --- ἤδη σὺ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6258:

νῦν 370× (84.6%)

νυνὶ 11× (2.8%)

--- 10× (2.5%)

ἤδη 4× (1.0%)

σὺ 4× (1.0%)

οὖν 3× (0.8%)

---% 3× (0.6%)

ἄρτι 2× (0.5%)

ἰδοὺ 2× (0.4%)

'' 2× (0.4%)

נאספו נֶאֶסְפוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אסף

ʼâçaph

Definition

to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e. remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e. remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.); assemble, bring, consume, destroy, felch, gather (in, together, up again), [idiom] generally, get (him), lose, put all together, receive, recover (another from leprosy), (be) rereward, [idiom] surely, take (away, into, up), [idiom] utterly, withdraw.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H622

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָסַף

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 167

to snatch together, to scrape together, to take or draw together; to gather, collect (grain, fruit, men, etc.).

אָסַף

verb • Root אסף • Strongs_Numbers • Page 168

To gather in the sense of drawing together, to draw in, withdraw; to take away, to destroy; to be gathered to one's fathers (to die); to hold together, to close.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָסַף

verb • Page 63

1. to gather, collect, assemble (Ex. 23:10, Num. 21:16, 2 K. 22:4, Gen. 42:17, etc.); 2. to take to one's self, to receive (Deut. 22:2, Jos. 20:4, 2 Sam. 12:28, etc.); 3. to withdraw, draw back, take back (Gen. 49:33, 1 Sam. 14:20, Ps. 104:29, etc.); 4. to take out of the way, to kill, destroy (1 Sam. 15:6, Ezek. 34:29); 5. to bring up the rear (Is. 58:8); 6. Niph. pass. and reflex. (Gen. 25:8, Num. 20:26, etc.); Pi. to gather, receive (Judg. 19:18), to bring up the rear (Num. 10:25, etc.); Pu. pass. (Is. 24:22); Hithpa. reflex. (Deut. 33:5).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H622

I. אָסַף (approximate number of occurrences: 200) verb — gather, remove (Assyrian asâpu, Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena¹).

Cognates:

• Assyrian asâpu

Qal

Perfect אָסַף Genesis 30:23 +; אָסַפְתָּ Psalm 85:4, etc.; Imperfect יֶאֱסֹף 2 Kings 5:3; יַאֲסֹפְנִי Psalm 27:10, etc.; also וַיֹּסֵף 2 Samuel 6:1; 2 masculine singular תֹּסֵף Psalm 104:29; 1 singular אֹסְפָה Micah 4:6; so probably (suffix) אִּסְפְּךָ 1 Samuel 15:6 (read אֹסִפְּךָ) see Eduard König² i. 382, Samuel Rolles Driver, Samuel Rolles Driver; Imperative אֱסֹף Numbers 21:16 + אֵסְפָה Numbers 11:16; 2 feminine singular אִסְמִּי Jeremiah 10:17; אִסְפוּ Psalm 50:5 +; Infinitive absolute אָסֹף Jeremiah 8:13 + (Hiphil, from סוּף according to J. Barth, Nominalbildung³ 73); construct אֱסֹף 2 Kings 5:7 +; אָסְמְּךָ Exodus 23:16; אָסְמְּכֶם Leviticus 23:39; Participle active אֹסֵף Numbers 19:10; אֹסִפְּךָ 2 Kings 22:20; 2 Chronicles 34:28 (pointed אִּסְפְּךָ i.e. Hiphil; compare Eduard König l.c.); אֹסְפָם Psalm 39:7; passive plural construct אֲסֻפֵי Ezekiel 34:29.

1. gather, collect
   • (a) persons Genesis 29:22; Genesis 42:17 (followed by אֵל) Exodus 3:16; Exodus 4:29; Numbers 11:16, 24; Numbers 21:16; Joshua 2:18 (followed by אֵל + הָ locative) Joshua 24:1 (followed by הָ locative; all these Jehovist Source, Elohist Source); 1 Samuel 5:8, 11; 2 Kings 23:1 (followed by אֵל) Joshua 2:16; Isaiah 11:12; Zephaniah 3:8; Habakkuk 2:5; Ezekiel 11:17 (all parallel to קָבַץ) +; collect men, people, armies, etc., for fighting Numbers 21:23 (Elohist Source) Judges 11:20; 1 Samuel 17:1; 2 Samuel 10:17; 2 Samuel 12:29 +; compare Zechariah 14:2 (followed by עַל against);
   • (b) once object beasts Jeremiah 12:9;
   • (c) things, especially fruits of earth Exodus 23:10, 16 (Covenant Code) Leviticus 25:3, 20, 39 (Priests' Code / Narrative) Deuteronomy 11:14; Deuteronomy 16:13; Deuteronomy 28:38; Isaiah 17:5; Jeremiah 40:10, 12; Job 39:12; Psalm 39:7; compare Ruth 2:7 (parallel to לָקַט glean); the quails Numbers 11:32 (twice in verse); food in general (מַאֲכָל) Genesis 6:21 (followed by אֵל); eggs Isaiah 10:14; money 2 Kings 22:4; 2 Chronicles 24:11; ashes of red heifer Numbers 19:9, 10; chariots 1 Kings 10:26; 2 Chronicles 1:14, etc.; of fisherman (בִּמְכַמְּרֹתָּו, in metaphor) Habakkuk 1:15; of collecting wind Proverbs 30:4 מִי רוּחַ בְּחָפְנָיו אָסַף.
2. gather an individual into company of others
   • (a) object person especially gather to one's father 2 Kings 22:20 (עַל אֲבֹתֶיךָ) = 2 Chronicles 34:28 (אֵל; both parallel to Niph`al of same verb q.v.); hence also
   • (b) bring, object person 1 Samuel 14:52 (on form here see Samuel Rolles Driver) 2 Samuel 11:27 (both followed by אֵל), association, responsibility, protection being implied; also of stray ox or sheep Deuteronomy 22:2 (followed by אֶל תָּוְכָּו); hence also
   • (c) take up, care for, subject יָה Psalm 27:10 (compare perhaps Isaiah 40:11 קָבַץ);
   • (d) draw up the feet upon the bed (אֵל) Genesis 49:33.
3. bring up the rear of Isaiah 58:8 יַאֲסֹפֵּךָ כִּבְוֹד יָהּ i.e. be thy rear-guard (parallel to הָלַךְ לְפָנֶיךָ צִדְקֶּךָ) — Isaiah 52:12 has Pi`el מְאַסִּפְּכֶם q.v.
4. gather and take away, remove, withdraw 1 Samuel 14:19 (object hand), Jeremiah 10:17 (bundle, followed by מִן), leprosy 2 Kings 5:11 (see צָרַע); compare also מִצָּרַעַת אָסַף, remove (set free) a man from leprosy 2 Kings 5:3; 2 Kings 5:6; 2 Kings 5:7; Genesis 30:23; Isaiah 4:1 (reproach), Psalm 85:4 (wrath, parallel to הֵשִׁיב), Jeremiah 16:5 (peace, followed by מִן), Joel 2:10; Joel 4:15 (light), Psalm 26:9 (נֶפֶשׁ) so Judges 18:25; Psalm 104:29 (רוּחַ) see also Job 34:14 (followed by אֵל); hence destroy 1 Samuel 15:6 object person); passive אֲסֻפֵי רָעָב destroyed with hunger Ezekiel 34:29; also Infinitive absolute Jeremiah 8:13; Zephaniah 1:2 (joined with הֵסִיר from סוּף, see Eduard König² i. 445; considered Hiphil Infinitive absolute by J. Barth, Nominalbildung³ 73 see above).

Niph`al

Perfect נֶאֱסַף Numbers 27:13 + נֶאֱסָפָה Jeremiah 48:33 etc.; Imperfect יֵאָסֵף Exodus 9:19 +; וַיֵּאָסֵף Genesis 25:8 +; יֵאָסְפוּן Psalm 104:22 etc.; Imperative הֵאָסֵף Deuteronomy 32:50; הֵאָסְפִי Jeremiah 47:6; הֵאָסְפוּ Genesis 49:1 +; Infinitive absolute הֵאָסֹף 2 Samuel 17:11 (on form compare J. Barth, Nominalbildung³ 74); construct הֵאָסֵף Genesis 29:7; Numbers 12:15; Participle נֶאֱסָף Genesis 49:29; נֶאֱסָפִים 1 Samuel 13:11; Isaiah 13:14; נֶאֱסָפִים Isaiah 57:1.

1. assemble, be gathered, reflexive
   • (a) subject men Genesis 49:1 (parallel to קָבַץ Genesis 49:2), Isaiah 43:9 (parallel to קָבַץ), 2 Chronicles 30:3 (followed by לְ) 2 Chronicles 30:13 (followed by accusative of location), Ezra 3:1; Ezra 9:4; Nehemiah 8:1, 13 (all followed by אֵל) Nehemiah 9:1; Nehemiah 12:28; earlier mostly of assembling for war Genesis 34:30 (followed by עַל), Joshua 10:5; Judges 6:33; Judges 9:6; Judges 10:17 parallel to נִצְעַק), Judges 20:11 (followed by אֵל) Judges 20:14 (followed by הָ locative), 1 Samuel 13:11 (followed by accusative of location) +;
   • (b) subject flocks, etc. Genesis 29:3 (passive; followed by שָׁמָּה) Genesis 29:7; Genesis 29:8 (all Jehovist Source); fish Numbers 11:22 (compare Habakkuk 1:15 Qal);
   • (c) inanimate subject herbs Proverbs 27:25; water 2 Samuel 14:14 (in simile); bones for burial Jeremiah 8:2; compare Jeremiah 25:33 (bodies of slain) see also Ezekiel 29:5 (parallel to קָבַץ which Carl Heinrich Cornill reads קָבַר), apparently = compose, arrange for burial. So יֵאָסֵף Job 27:19; but read probably יֹאסֵף = יֻּסַף (Exodus 5:7), Heinrich Ewald, Franz Delitzsch, August Dillmann, Wilhelm Gesenius, Eduard König.
2. passive of Qal 2
   • (a) be gathered to one's fathers אֵל אֲבֹתָיו נֶאֱסַף Judges 2:10; elsewhere to one's people אֵל עַמָּיו (all Priests' Code / Narrative) Genesis 25:8, 17; Genesis 35:29 (parallel to וַיִּגְוַע וַיָּמָת) Genesis 49:29, 33 (parallel to גָּוַע), Numbers 20:24, 26 (parallel to מָוֶת) Numbers 27:13 (twice in verse); Numbers 31:2; Deuteronomy 32:50 (twice in verse) (both parallel to מָוֶת); also אֵל קִבְרֹתֶיךָ 2 Kings 22:20 2 Chronicles 34:28 both parallel to Qal q.v.); hence also
   • (b) be brought in (into association with others, etc.) Numbers 12:14, 15 (Elohist Source) of Miriam, after leprosy; also reflexive betake oneself, of Moses Numbers 11:30 (Elohist Source), compare 2 Samuel 17:13 (both followed by אֵל); even with inanimate subject Jeremiah 47:6 הֵאָסְפִי אֵל תַּעְרִיךְ (addressed to sword); of man & beast brought home (followed by הָ locative) for protection Exodus 9:19.
3. passive of Qal 4; be taken away, removed, perish, of men Isaiah 57:1 (twice in verse) (parallel to אָבַד); fish Hosea 4:3; gladness Isaiah 16:10; Jeremiah 48:33 (followed by מִן); also reflexive, withdraw itself, of moon Isaiah 60:20 (parallel to בֹּוא שֶׁמֶשׁ).

Pi`el

Participle מְאַסֵּף Numbers 10:25 +; מְאַסְּפָיו Isaiah 62:9 (so Brown, Driver, Briggs see Eduard König² i. 201); מְאַסִּפְּכֶם Isaiah 52:12.

1. gather harvest Isaiah 62:9 (parallel to קָבַץ); bodies for burial Jeremiah 9:21.
2. take in, receive into (followed by בַּיִּתָּה) Judges 19:15, 18.
3. as substantive rearguard, rearward Numbers 10:25 (Priests' Code / Narrative) Joshua 6:9, 13 (both Elohist Source); figurative of God Isaiah 52:12.

Pu`al

Perfect וְאֻסַּף (cons.) Isaiah 33:4; Zechariah 14:14 etc.; Participle מְאֻסָּף Ezekiel 38:12 — be gathered, of men Isaiah 24:22; Hosea 10:10 (followed by עַל against), Ezekiel 38:12; booty Isaiah 33:4; wealth Zechariah 14:14.

Hithpa`el

Infinitive הִתְאַסֵּף Deuteronomy 33:5 gather themselves.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament, Leipzig, 1886.

² Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache, Leipzig, 1881-1897.

³ J. Barth, Die Nominalbildung in den semitischen Sprachen, Leipzig, 1889.

Verb Niphal perfect third person common plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0622:

No stats available

עליך עָלַיִךְ

upon yourself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9032

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

גוים גּוֹיִם

backside ones [nations]

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גוי

gôwy

Definition

a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts

Root

rarely (shortened) גי; apparently from the same root as H1465 (גוה) (in the sense of massing);

Exhaustive

rarely (shortened) גי; apparently from the same root as גוה (in the sense of massing); a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts; Gentile, heathen, nation, people.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1471

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גּוֹי

noun masculine • Root גוה • Strongs / High • Page 312

1. The body, properly belly; figuratively a being or person. 2. A connected mass, hence people, populace; most frequently a non-Israelite or heathen people; also a troop or flock of animals.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גּוֹי

noun masculine • Page 132

1. people, nation, in the widest sense. 2. especially foreign nations, those not Hebrew. References: Zeph. 2:9, Deut. 32:43, Joel 1:6, Prov. 30:25.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1471

I. גּוֺי (approximate number of occurrences: 561) noun masculine — nation, people.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id. Gentiles
• Phoenician גו community
• Sabean גו id.¹

— גּוֺי absolute Genesis 12:2 (121 times); suffix 1 singular גּוֺיִ Zephaniah 2:9, גּוֺיֶ֑ךָ Psalm 106:5, גּוֺיֵךְ Kt Ezekiel 36:13, 14, 15 (Qr wrongly גּוֺיַיִךְ compare Co²); plural גּוֺיִם Genesis 10:5 (410 times) + Qr Genesis 25:23; Psalm 79:10 (Kt גיים) + 6 times Ezekiel; construct גּוֺיֵי Genesis 18:18 (8 times), גּוֺיֵ 2 Chronicles 32:13, Ezra 6:21; suffix גּוֺיֵהֶם Genesis 10:5, 20, 31, 32.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Specifically of descendants of Abraham

• (+ גּוֺי גָּדוֺל) Genesis 12:2 (Jehovist Source)
• גּוֺיִם Genesis 17:6; הֲמוֺן גּוֺיִם Genesis 17:4, 15 (Priests' Code)
• Of Sarah גּוֺיִם Genesis 17:16 (Priests' Code)
• Of Ishmael גּוֺי Genesis 21:13 (Elohist Source)
• Of Jacob גּוֺי וּקְהַל גּוֺיִם Genesis 35:11 (Priests' Code)
• Of Jacob and Esau as two nations Genesis 25:23 (Jehovist Source)

b. Definitely of Israel

• Exodus 19:6 (+ גּוֺי קָדוֺשׁ); Exodus 33:13 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 4:6 (+ הַגּוֺי הַגָּדוֺל הַזֶּה)
• Psalm 33:12; Jeremiah 31:36; Ezekiel 37:22
• In narrative: Joshua 3:17; Joshua 4:1; Joshua 5:8 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Of Israel and Judah as two nations Ezekiel 35:10; Ezekiel 37:22
• Of Israel/Judah as sinful: Isaiah 1:4; Jeremiah 5:9, 29; Malachi 3:9

c. Usually of non-Hebrew peoples (heathen)

• Exodus 9:24; Exodus 34:10 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Leviticus 25:44 (Holiness Code)
• Opposed to Israel as עַם י׳: 2 Samuel 7:23; 1 Chronicles 17:21
• גְּלִיל הַגּוֺיִם circle or district of the nations Isaiah 8:23
• חֲרשֶׁת הַגּוֺיִם Charosheth of the nations Judges 4:2, 13, 16
• מֶלֶךְ גּוֺיִם לְגִלְגָּל king of nations belonging to Gilgal Joshua 12:23

2. Figurative usage

• Of swarm of locusts Joel 1:6
• Of all species of beasts Zephaniah 2:14

3. Proper name

גּוֺיִם proper name of a people Genesis 14:1, 9 in phrase תִּדְעָל מֶלֶךְ גּוֺיִם Tid`al king of Goim; probably a Babylonian or Elamitic name corrupted.³

¹ Müller, D. H., Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG), 1883, p. 348.

² Cornill, C. H., Das Buch des Propheten Ezechiel (1886).

³ H. Rawlinson proposes Gutî, a people northeast of Babylonia; compare Schrader, Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (COT); Delitzsch, F., Wo lag das Paradies? (Pa).

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: ἔθνη ἐθνῶν ἔθνεσιν ἔθνοσ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H1471a:

ἔθνη 194× (34.6%)

ἐθνῶν 125× (22.1%)

ἔθνεσιν 88× (13.3%)

ἔθνοσ 76× (14.1%)

'' 18× (3.0%)

ἔθνουσ 13× (2.3%)

ἔθνει 8× (1.5%)

pἀπὸ 4× (0.8%)

--- 4× (0.8%)

λαὸσ 4× (0.7%)

רבים רַבּים

multitudes

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

רב

rab

Definition

abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)

Root

by contracted from H7231 (רבב);

Exhaustive

by contracted from רבב; abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality); (in) abound(-undance, -ant, -antly), captain, elder, enough, exceedingly, full, great(-ly, man, one), increase, long (enough, (time)), (do, have) many(-ifold, things, a time), (ship-)master, mighty, more, (too, very) much, multiply(-tude), officer, often(-times), plenteous, populous, prince, process (of time), suffice(-lent).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7227

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רַב

adjective / adv. / substantive • Root רבב • Strongs / High • Page 1313

Adjective meaning many, numerous; great, extended, wide, long (of time), violent, strong, or grievous. Also used as an adverb meaning much, in great number, enough, strongly, or richly. Used substantively meaning a great one, a mighty one, or oldest.

רַב

adjective / noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1314

great, large, numerous, much, abundant; also meaning chief, head, commander, captain, president, chamberlain, master; principal persons, judges, nobility; fullness, multitude, mass, quantity, totality. Used as adj. and sometimes adverbially.

רַב

aram. adj. m. (aramaic) • Root רבב • Strongs / High • Page 1314

Aramaic adjective (masc. and fem. רַבָּא) meaning great, in the widest sense, of kingdom, gold, stone, God; large.

רַב

noun masculine • Root רבב • Strongs / High • Page 1314

multitude, mass, plenty, great quantity, fullness, totality (singular collective noun). Plur. constr. רַבֵּי.

רַב

adjective • Root רבה • Strongs / High • Page 1315

Many, numerous; great, large. (Aramaic equivalent: רַבָּא).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רַב

verb • Root רבב • Page 604

1. Much, many, numerous (Num. 32:1). Also as adv. much, exceedingly, enough (Ps. 123:3, Gen. 33:9). 2. Great, mighty (Ps. 31:20, Is. 63:1). 3. Older, major natu (Gen. 25:23). 4. As a subst. a chief, captain, leader (2 K. 25:8, Dan. 1:3).

רַב

chald. • Root רבב • Page 604

1. Great (Dan. 2:10, 31). 2. Subst. a chief, head, captain (Dan. 5:11, 2:48). Plur. רַבְרְבִין (Dan. 3:33).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7227

I. רַב (approximate number of occurrences: 429) adjective — much, many, great.

— רַב masculine singular absolute Genesis 24:25 +; רָ֑ב Genesis 33:9 +; construct רַב Exodus 34:6 +; feminine singular רַבָּה Numbers 11:33 +; construct רַבַּת Ezekiel 22:5 +; רַבָּ֫תִי (compare GKC¹ §90 k 1) Lamentations 1:1; masculine plural absolute רַבִּים Exodus 23:2 +; feminine plural absolute רַבּוֺת Genesis 30:43 +.

1. Much or Many

a. much (of substances)

• 1 Kings 10:2 (gold)
• Psalm 19:11
• 2 Kings 12:11 (silver)

b. many (persons or things)

• Exodus 5:5
• 1 Kings 4:20
• Genesis 21:34 (יָמִים רַבִּים many days)
• Numbers 20:11 (מַיִם רַבִּים many waters)
• Daniel 11:41 (noun omitted; understood as lands)

c. as substantive collective

• Exodus 19:21 (many people)
• 1 Samuel 14:6 (opposed to מְעַט)
• Ezekiel 24:12 (much)

d. construct meaning abounding in

• רַב־בְּרֶכוֹת Proverbs 28:20
• רַב־חֶסֶד Exodus 34:6
• רַב־כֹּחַ Psalm 147:5
• רַבַּת בָּנִים 1 Samuel 2:5

e. with comparison (מִן)

• Exodus 1:9 (more numerous than)
• Genesis 36:7 (too many to)

f. abundant or enough

• Genesis 45:28 (רַב enough!)
• Deuteronomy 3:26 (רַב־לָךְ let it suffice thee)
• Numbers 16:3 (ye assume too much)

g. as adverb: much, exceedingly (only in Psalms)

• Psalm 123:3
• Psalm 62:3 (רַבָּה)
• Psalm 65:10 (רַבַּת Aramaism)

2. Great

a. of space and magnitude

• Genesis 7:11 (the great deep)
• Lamentations 1:1 (great city)
• Genesis 6:5 (great wickedness)

b. specifically strong

• 2 Chronicles 14:10 (opposed to אֵין כֹּחַ)
• Isaiah 63:1 (רַב לְהוֺשִׁיעַ mighty to save)

c. of age (major natu)

• Genesis 25:23 (the elder, opposed to צָעִיר)
• Job 32:9 (as substantive: the aged)

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

II. רַב (approximate number of occurrences: 49) noun masculine — chief.

Cognates:

• Assyrian-Babylonian rab
• Aramaic רַב

— construct רַב Jeremiah 39:9 +; plural construct רַבֵּי Jeremiah 39:13, Jeremiah 41:1.

1. Meaning and Uses

a. Titles of officers

• רַב טַבָּחִים chief of guardsmen Jeremiah 39:9, 2 Kings 25:8 +
• רַב הַחֹבֵל chief of the sailors (captain) Jonah 1:6
• רַב־מָג chief soothsayer (or rab-mugi) Jeremiah 39:3
• רַב־סָרִיס chief eunuch (or rabû-ša-rêši) 2 Kings 18:17, Jeremiah 39:13
• רַבְשָׁקֵה chief of the officers (Assyrian rab-šakû) 2 Kings 18:17, Isaiah 36:2 +

b. General usage

• Esther 1:8 (כָּל־רַב בֵּיתוֹ every officer of his house)
• Daniel 1:3 (רַב סָרִיסָיו)

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (1896).

² Schrader, Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (COT).

Adjective adjective masculine plural absolute

LXX: πολλὰ πολλῶν πολλοὶ πολὺ πολλοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7227a:

πολλὰ 37× (7.8%)

πολλῶν 30× (6.3%)

πολλοὶ 28× (5.7%)

πολὺ 18× (3.6%)

πολλοῖσ 17× (3.4%)

'' 17× (3.1%)

πλείουσ 15× (3.1%)

ἀρχιμάγειροσ 15× (2.7%)

πολὺσ 15× (3.1%)

--- 14× (3.0%)

האמרים הָאֹמְרִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אמר

ʼâmar

Definition

to say (used with great latitude)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude); answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H559

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 155

1. (not used) to stand prominently upwards, to project upwards, hence to be elevated. 2. to say, to speak, to command; to press out sounds from within.

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to say, speak

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 58

1. to say (dico). Differs from דבר (to speak) in that אָמַר is almost uniformly followed by the words spoken (Lev. 1:2; Gen. 44:16). 2. to think. (Speaking and thinking).

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 59

To command (Est 1:17, 1 Chr 21:17); to praise (Ps 40:11). Niph.: to be said, to be called holy (Is 4:3). Hiph.: to declare solemnly, to promise (Deut 26:17, 18). Hithpa.: to boast one's self (Ps 94:4), or to exercise dominion.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H559

I. אָמַר (5287) verb utter, say (Egyptian mr command; Phoenician אמר; Aramaic אֲמַר; Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare; Arabic أمر command; perhaps √ אמר originally = be or make prominent, hence Hithpael below, אָמִיר; Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king idem Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37; compare Dl Pr 28 who thinks original meaning hell, sichtbar sein, whence Assyrian amāru, see, & shew, declare, say).

Cognates:

• Egyptian mr command
• Phoenician אמר
• Aramaic אֲמַר
• Ethiopic ሀሁሂሃ I. 2 shew, declare
• Arabic أمر command
• Sabaean אמר lofty, epithet of king
• Assyrian amāru see, & shew, declare, say

Qal

Perfect 3 masculine singular אָמַר Genesis 3:1 +; Imperfect יֹאמַר Genesis 31:8 +; וַיֹּאמֶר Genesis 1:3 +; וַיֹּאמַר Genesis 14:19 +; in Job always וַיֹּאמַר Job 3:2 +; 3 feminine singular תֹּאמַר Genesis 21:12 +; תֹּאמַר Proverbs 1:21; 1 singular אֹמַר Genesis 22:2 +; אוֹמְרָה Psalm 42:10; וָאֹמַר Genesis 20:13 +; וָאוֹמַר Nehemiah 2:7,17,20; 3 masculine plural יֹאמְרוּ Exodus 4:1 + etc.; suffix יֹמְרוּךָ Psalm 139:20; 2 masculine plural תֹּמְרוּ 2 Samuel 19:14 (compare Kö i. p. 385); Imperative אֱמֹר Genesis 45:17 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute אָמוֹר Exodus 21:5 +; construct אֱמֹר Ezekiel 25:8 +; הָאֱמֹר Job 34:18 but read הָאֹמַר idem Di, or better הֵאָמֹר Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative compare Ew § 328 d; suffix אָמְרִי Joshua 6:10 +; אֲמָרְכֶם Jeremiah 23:38; אֱמָרְכֶם Malachi 1:7 +; לֵאמֹר Genesis 1:22 +, etc.; Participle active אֹמֵר Genesis 32:10 +, etc.; passive הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7, but this grammatically indefensible, read הֵאָמֹר, Infinitive absolute with ה interrogative, see Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

Say (subject God Genesis 3:1 Genesis 32:5, serpent Genesis 3:1, ass Numbers 22:28, horse יֹאמַר הָאָח Job 39:25 etc.; inanimate things, personified Job 28:14 compare Job 28:22 etc.; so in allegory or fable Judges 9:8; 2 Kings 14:9 etc.; especially in narration, וַיֹּאמֶר etc., Genesis 4:6 + very often): mostly followed by thing said, either substantive Jeremiah 14:17 (with clause app.) Deuteronomy 27:16 f.; Judges 12:6; pronoun Genesis 44:16; 2 Kings 20:14 +; or (usually) clause Genesis 1:3; Genesis 3:1; Genesis 37:20 + often (oratio recta [direct speech]); with adverb thus, so Genesis 32:5; Numbers 20:14; 1 Kings 20:3,5 + often; especially כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה Exodus 5:1; Exodus 7:17; Exodus 8:1; Exodus 8:20; 1 Chronicles 17:4 + often; the person addressed usually introduced by אֵל Genesis 3:1; Genesis 15:7; Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; 2 Samuel 3:7; 1 Kings 12:5,23, or לְ Genesis 3:13; Genesis 4:15; 1 Samuel 20:2; 2 Samuel 2:21; 1 Kings 14:2 + often; rarer combinations are, בְּאָזְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Isaiah 49:20 (compare Isaiah 5:9 & see דָּבַר); לִפְנֵי כֹה אָמַר Ezekiel 28:9; לְעֵינֵי כֹה אָמַר Deuteronomy 31:7; Joshua 10:12; Jeremiah 28:11; בְּ כֹה אָמַר Joel 2:17; Psalm 126:2, where בְּ local; in all cases usually followed by direct object of words said, Exodus 19:25 being very singular; Genesis 4:8 the object-clause has probably fallen out, compare Vrss Di; = mention, name, designate Genesis 22:2,3; Genesis 43:27,29; Exodus 32:13; Numbers 14:40; 1 Samuel 10:16; 1 Samuel 16:3; 2 Samuel 6:22; Nehemiah 6:19; compare Psalm 139:20 יֹמְרוּךָ לִמְזִמָּה speak of thee for falsehood (but many, as Hup Pe Dy Che, read יַמְרוּךָ); = tell, declare, proclaim, (followed by direct object only) Psalm 40:11; Ezekiel 13:7; in reply to question = answer Exodus 12:27; Joshua 4:7; 1 Kings 9:9; Jeremiah 5:19; Jeremiah 22:9. The object spoken of may be referred to by אֵל 2 Kings 19:32; Jeremiah 22:18; Jeremiah 27:19, or לְ Genesis 20:13 אִמְרִי לִי say of me, etc. Deuteronomy 33:9; Judges 9:54; Isaiah 5:20; Psalm 3:3; Psalm 71:10, very rarely by a simple accusative Isaiah 3:10 (where read probably for אִמְרוּ, אַשְׁרֵי), except after אֲשֶׁר where the words used follow (compare אֲשֶׁר 4d) Genesis 3:17; Numbers 10:29; Numbers 14:31; Deuteronomy 28:68; Judges 7:4; 1 Samuel 9:17,23b 1 Kings 8:29; Lamentations 4:20; compare Numbers 21:16; 2 Kings 17:12; 2 Kings 21:4, & (two extreme cases) Isaiah 8:12; Lamentations 2:15 (see Dr Sm i. 24, 5); הָאָמֻר Micah 2:7 read infinitive absolute with ה interrogative הֵאָמֹר (see above) shall one say? shall it be said? After another verb of saying, introducing thing said: Deuteronomy 21:7; Deuteronomy 25:9; Deuteronomy 27:15; Song of Solomon 2:10 +, even after אָמַר Genesis 22:7; Leviticus 21:1; Jeremiah 34:2; Esther 7:5 +; especially infinitive לֵאמֹר, after דָּבַר Genesis 8:15, צָוָה Genesis 2:16, עָנָה Genesis 44:16, בָּרַךְ Genesis 1:22, נָשַׁבַע Genesis 24:7, נָּדַר Genesis 28:20, etc.; after אָמַר 2 Samuel 3:18; 1 Kings 12:23; Ruth 4:4; 1 Chronicles 21:18 +; after שָׁלַח 2 Chronicles 35:21, שׁוּב Genesis 32:7; compare also Genesis 28:6; Exodus 5:13; Exodus 9:5; Exodus 13:8; Exodus 17:4; Numbers 11:20; Deuteronomy 1:28; Deuteronomy 13:7; Judges 8:15; 1 Samuel 23:2; 1 Kings 13:3; Jeremiah 32:3; Jeremiah 37:9 +; also when subject of לֵאמֹר differs from that of preceding clause Genesis 31:1; Genesis 38:13,24 etc.; after שָׁמַע Isaiah 37:9 = 2 Kings 19:9.

1. Say in the heart (= think)

• בְּלֵב כֹּה אָמַר Deuteronomy 8:17 compare 1 Kings 12:26; Psalm 10:6; Psalm 10:11; Psalm 10:13; Psalm 14:1; Psalm 35:25; Isaiah 14:13; Isaiah 47:8,10; Isaiah 49:21; Ecclesiastes 2:1,15; Ecclesiastes 3:17,18; לִלְבָבוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Hosea 7:2; אֵל לִבּוֹ כֹּה אָמַר Genesis 8:21 said unto his heart (to himself), subject כֹּה יְהוָה, compare 1 Samuel 27:1; אָמְרָה נַפְשִׁי Lamentations 3:24; thence כֹּה אָמַר alone Genesis 20:11; Genesis 26:9; Numbers 24:11; Ruth 4:4; 1 Samuel 20:26; 2 Samuel 5:6; 2 Kings 5:11; followed by clause with כִּי Judges 15:2; in particular = desire מַה תֹּאמַר נַפְשֶׁךָ 1 Samuel 20:4 compare Esther 2:13; followed by infinitive = purpose, Exodus 2:14 thinkest thou to kill me, as thou killedst the Egyptian? Joshua 22:33; 1 Samuel 30:6; 1 Kings 5:19; 2 Chronicles 28:10,13; expect 2 Samuel 21:16 he expected to slay David 2 Chronicles 13:8; 2 Chronicles 32:1.

2. Promise

• (followed by infinitive) 1 Chronicles 27:23; 2 Chronicles 21:7; Esther 4:7; (idem + לְ of person) 2 Kings 8:19; Nehemiah 9:15; (followed by accusative of direct object + לְ of person + infinitive of purpose) Nehemiah 9:23.

3. Command

• (especially late) followed by אֵל of person addressed, Numbers 15:38; 1 Chronicles 21:18; followed by לְ Joshua 11:9; 2 Samuel 16:11; 2 Kings 4:24; Job 9:7; Psalm 106:34 (see below אֲשֶׁר 8e); followed by infinitive 1 Samuel 24:11; 1 Chronicles 21:17; 2 Chronicles 1:18; 2 Chronicles 29:27,30; 2 Chronicles 31:11; Esther 1:17; Esther 4:13,15; Esther 6:1; followed by infinitive + לְ of pers, 2 Chronicles 14:3; 2 Chronicles 29:21; 2 Chronicles 31:4; Esther 1:10; followed by accusative direct object 2 Chronicles 29:24 the king commanded the burnt-offering and the sin-offering, compare 1 Kings 5:20; Esther 2:15; followed by clause with אֲשֶׁר = that Nehemiah 13:19; idem + לְ of person Nehemiah 13:22; followed by clause with כִּי Job 36:10; absolute 1 Samuel 16:16 (read however probably יֹאמְרוּ for יֹאמַר, compare Dr); also Psalm 105:31; Psalm 105:34; Psalm 107:25; 1 Chronicles 14:12; 2 Chronicles 24:8; Nehemiah 13:9,19 (all followed by verb consecutive); command by letter עִם הַסֵּפֶר כֹּה אָמַר Esther 9:25 (followed by imperfect); appoint, assign לוֹ לְלֶחֶם כֹּה אָמַר 1 Kings 11:18 = threaten followed by infinitive Deuteronomy 9:25; Psalm 106:23.

Niphal

Perfect נֶאֱמַר Daniel 8:26; Imperfect יֵאָמֵר Genesis 22:14 +; יֵאָמַר לוֹ Isaiah 4:3; יֵאָמַר Genesis 10:9 +; וַיֵּאָמַר Joshua 2:2; be said, told Genesis 10:9; Genesis 22:14; Psalm 87:5; Jeremiah 4:11; Jeremiah 16:14 (all absolute, indefinite subject, of current saying); so said in a book Numbers 21:14; be related, told, of vision Daniel 8:26; said, told to (followed by לְ indirect object) Joshua 2:2; Hosea 2:1 (twice in verse); Zephaniah 3:16; either so, or told concerning Numbers 23:23; Ezekiel 13:12 (אֵל); יֵאָמֵר לָכֶם = ye shall be called (it shall be said to you) Isaiah 61:6 ("" תִּקָּרְאוּ לָכֶם), compare Isaiah 4:3; Isaiah 19:18; Isaiah 32:5 ("" יִקָּרֵא לְ) Isaiah 62:4 (twice in verse); hence be called, of Tophet לֹא יֵאָמֵר עוֹד הַתֹּפֶת Jeremiah 7:32; subject שֵׁם Genesis 32:29; Job 34:31 כִּי אֵל אֵל יֵאָמֵר, Rabb (compare AV) treat יֵאָמֵר as Niph`al Infinitive for לֵאָמֵר, but against grammar; the form as it stands is Qal Perfect, אֵל אֵל being prefixed to the interrogative for emphasis (compare Jeremiah 22:15; Jeremiah 23:26; Nehemiah 13:27), see Dr § 9 Di and others; Hoffm., however, reads יֵאָמֵר infinitive absolute = imperative 'so must one speak (it be spoken) to God.'

Hiphil

Perfect הֵאֱמִיר Deuteronomy 26:17 הֵאֱמַרְתָּ הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים; Deuteronomy 26:18 הֵאֱמִיר יְהוָה הַיּוֹם לִהְיוֹת לוֹ לְעַם (literally cause to declare, i.e. through agency of Moses; on this & other interpretations see Di).

Hithpael

Imperfect יִתְאַמֵּר Psalm 94:4 subject כָּל מְעֹלֵל אָוֶן act proudly, boast ("" יַבִּיעוּ יְדַבְּרוּ עָתָק probably also 2 masculine plural תִּתְאַמֵּרוּ Isaiah 61:6 (in good sense, followed by בְּ of thing gloried in) Ges Comm. so De Che Kö i. 457 f. (from [ יָמַר ] exchange Thes Hi Kn Ew Di; but see יָמַר, מוֹר).

¹ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (e.g., gender).

² √ Root or stem.

³ || Parallel of words (synonymous or contrasted); also of passages; sometimes 'see parallel' or 'so also in parallel'.

⁴ = Equivalent / equals.

⁵ + Prefixed or added, indicates 'All passages cited'. Also used as 'plus', denoting often that other passages might be cited.

⁶ J Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁷ ? Sign of doubt.

⁸ t. times (following a number).

⁹ * Assumed form (not actually found).

¹⁰ ° Additions / glosses.

¹¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Mordtmann ZMG 1876, 37.

¹³ Dl Pr 28.

¹⁴ Ew § 328 d.

¹⁵ Kö i. p. 385.

¹⁶ Dr Expositor, April, 1887, 263.

¹⁷ Dr Sm i. 24, 5.

¹⁸ Vrss Versions.

¹⁹ Di Dillmann.

²⁰ Hup Hupfeld.

²¹ Pe Perowne.

²² Dy Delitzsch.

²³ Che Cheyne.

²⁴ AV Authorized Version.

²⁵ Rabb Rabbinic.

²⁶ Dr § 9.

²⁷ Hoffm Hoffmann.

²⁸ Ges Gesenius.

²⁹ De Delitzsch.

³⁰ Kö König.

³¹ Thes Thesaurus.

³² Hi Hitzig.

³³ Kn Knobel.

³⁴ Ew Ewald.

Particle definite article, Verb Qal participle active masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0559:

No stats available

תחנף תֶּחֱנָף

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חנף

chânêph

Definition

to soil, especially in a moral sense

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to soil, especially in a moral sense; corrupt, defile, [idiom] greatly, pollute, profane.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2610

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָנֵף

verb • Root חנף • Strongs / High • Page 507

To be unclean, to be desecrated. Fundamentally, to flatter, play the hypocrite, simulate.

חָנֵף

noun masculine • Root חנף • Strongs / High • Page 507

A godless man, a flatterer, a hypocrite.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָנֵף

m. verbal • Root חנף • Page 239

profane, ungodly, profligate. (Job 8:13, 13:16, 15:34, 17:8)

חָנֵף

verb • Page 238

1. to be or become profaned, or polluted. Ps. 106:38, Is. 24:5. 2. to be profane, ungodly. Jer. 23:11.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2610

I. חָנֵף verb — polluted, profane.

Cognates:

• Arabic حنف incline, decline, hence حنيف inclining to a right state, but in Hebrew of inclining away from right, irreligion, profaneness, compare أحنف have a حنف i.e. distortion of foot
• Syriac in derivatives ܚܢܦ be profane, etc.
• Late Hebrew Hiphil, Aramaic Aphel act falsely toward, flatter, חֲנוּפָה hypocrisy
• Assyrian hanpu, ruthlessness; hanâpu, exercise ruthlessness toward¹

— Qal Perfect 3 feminine singular חָֽנְפָה Isaiah 24:5; 3 plural חָנֵפ֑וּ Jeremiah 23:11; Imperfect 3 feminine singular תֶּחְֶנַף Jeremiah 3:1; תֱּהֶָנ֑ף Micah 4:11; וֵתֶּחֱנַף Jeremiah 3:9; Psalm 106:38; Infinitive absolute חָנוֺף Jeremiah 3:1;

1. Qal Meanings

a. be polluted

• of land Isaiah 24:5; Jeremiah 3:1 (twice in verse); Psalm 106:38
• of Zion Micah 4:11

b. of prophet and priest

• be חָנֵף i.e. profane, godless Jeremiah 23:11

— apparently transitive וַתֶּחֱנַף את הארץ, Graf³ strike out את, Giesebrecht⁴ cites Gesenius² § 121,1, but read rather Hiphil וַתַּחֲנֵף with Manuscripts, Septuagint, Ewald and others.

— Hiphil Imperfect יַחֲנִיף Numbers 35:33; Daniel 11:33; 2 feminine singular וַתַּחֲנִ֫יפִי Jeremiah 3:2; 2 masculine plural תַּחֲנִ֫יפוּ;

2. Hiphil Meanings

a. pollute

• the land Numbers 35:33 (twice in verse) (by blood; Priests' Code)
• Jeremiah 3:2 (by idolatry, etc.) + Jeremiah 3:9

b. make profane, godless

• Daniel 11:32 (with accusative of person)

¹ Tell el-Amarna, Zimmern, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie (ZA) vi, 1891, 256.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

³ Karl Heinrich Graf.

⁴ Friedrich Giesebrecht.

Verb Qal imperfect third person feminine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H2610:

No stats available

ותחז וְתַחַז

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חזה

châzâh

Definition

to gaze at; mentally to perceive, contemplate (with pleasure); specifically, to have avision of

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to gaze at; mentally to perceive, contemplate (with pleasure); specifically, to have avision of; behold, look, prophesy, provide, see.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2372

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָזָה

verb • Root חזה • Strongs / High • Page 471

To divide sharply with the eye, to look sharply, to see, observe; especially to see visions, to prophesy, to announce oracles or divine visions.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָזָה

verb • Page 220

1. In poetry, to see, behold (Job 24:1). 2. Used especially in a religious sense; to see God (Ex. 24:11), or applied to supernatural visions given to prophets. 3. to look out, choose, select (Gen. 18:21). 4. figuratively to see into, to understand (Job 15:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H2372

I. חָזָה (almost wholly in poetry) verb — see, behold.

Cognates:

• Aramaic חֲזָא, חֲוָא see, perceive with the eyes
• Palmyrene Ethpe`el אתחזי (= Greek ἔδοξεν¹)
• Arabic حزا perceive with the inner vision
• Arabic حاز astronomer, astrologer

— Qal Perfect חָזָה Psalm 58:11 (6 times); חָזִיתָ Proverbs 22:29, Proverbs 29:20; חָזִית Isaiah 57:8; חֶזִיתִי Job 15:17; חֲזִיתִךָ Psalm 63:3; plural חָזוּ Job 24:1 (5 times); חֲוִיתֶם Job 27:12; Ezekiel 13:7, 8; Imperfect יֶחֱוֶה Numbers 24:4 (2 times); 3 feminine singular וְתַ֫חַז Micah 4:11; 2 masculine singular תֶּחֱזֶה Exodus 18:21; 1 singular אֶחֱזֶה Psalm 17:15 (4 times); אָ֫חַז Job 23:9; plural יֶחֱזוּ Isaiah 26:11 (4 times); יֶחֱזָי֑וּן Isaiah 26:11; תֶּחֱזֶינָה Isaiah 33:17 (2 times); תֶּחֱזוּ Isaiah 30:10, Song of Solomon 7:1; 1 plural וְנֶחֱזֶה Song of Solomon 7:1; Imperative חֲזֵה Isaiah 33:20, Isaiah 48:6; חֲזוּ Psalm 46:9, Isaiah 30:10; Infinitive construct חֲזוֺת Psalm 27:4, Ezekiel 21:34; Participle חֹזֶה Ezekiel 12:27; plural חֹזִים Isaiah 47:13; Ezekiel 13:9, 16; Ezekiel 22:28. (All other participle forms are used as nouns, see חֹזֶה.)

1. Meanings and Uses

a. with the eye

• Psalm 58:9
• Psalm 58:11
• Proverbs 22:29
• Proverbs 29:20
• Isaiah 33:20
• Isaiah 57:8
• God in theophany Exodus 24:11 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• God, after death, apart from the flesh Job 19:26–27
• The face of God Psalm 11:7
• Psalm 17:15 (after death)

b. subject the eyes themselves

• תֶּחֱזֶינָה עֵינֶיךָ thine eyes will behold Isaiah 33:17
• Of God's eyes: Psalm 11:4
• Psalm 17:2

c. with בְּ look on (intensely, with gratification)

• A damsel Song of Solomon 7:1 (twice in verse)
• Zion Micah 4:11
• נֹעַם י׳ in the temple Psalm 27:4
• The work of God Job 36:25
• With investigation בַּכּוֺכָבִים on the stars, as stargazers, in astrology Isaiah 47:13

2. see as a seer in the ecstatic state

With accusative of the vision seen:

• חזון Isaiah 1:1; Ezekiel 12:27; Ezekiel 13:16
• מחזה Numbers 24:4, 16 (Jehovist-Elohist Source; poetry, Balaam)
• מחזה שׁוא Ezekiel 13:7
• משּׂא Isaiah 13:1; Habakkuk 1:1
• משׂאות שׁוא Lamentations 2:14
• שׁוא Ezekiel 13:6, 9, 23; Ezekiel 21:34; Ezekiel 22:28; Lamentations 2:14
• כזב Ezekiel 13:8
• שֶׁקֶר Zechariah 10:2
• Object deceitful things Isaiah 30:10
• דבר(ים) Isaiah 2:1; Amos 1:1; Micah 1:1
• With לְ be a seer, for any one Isaiah 30:10; see a vision for one Lamentations 2:14 (twice in verse)

3. see, perceive

a. with the intelligence

• absolute Job 34:32; Proverbs 24:32
• accusative of thing Isaiah 48:6
• Yahweh in his temple Psalm 63:3
• In his providential workings Job 23:9; Psalm 46:9; Isaiah 26:11 (twice in verse)

b. see, by experience

• absolute Job 27:12
• accusative of thing Job 15:17; Job 24:1

c. provide

• תחזה מכל העם אנשׁי חיל provide from all the people men of ability Exodus 18:21 (Elohist Source)

Note: בֵּית אֲבָנִים יֶתֱזֶה Job 8:17 is difficult: RV² renders he (it) beholdeth the place of stones (the root of the plant personified) Hengstenberg, compare Reuss and others after Peshitta³ and Targum³. Other renderings are: pierceth (compare חָזַז) Böttcher, Ewald, Hitzig (יְחַזֶּה), Dillmann, Delitzsch, MV; between the stones it liveth (יִחְיֶה) Septuagint³, Siegfried.

¹ Reckendorf, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZMG), 1888, 397.

² Revised Version of the Holy Bible.

³ ᵐ5 Septuagint; ᵑ6 Peshitta; ᵑ7 Targum.

Conjunction, Verb Qal third person feminine singular

LXX: ἐθεώρουν εἶδεν ἑώρακασ ---% ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H2372:

ἐθεώρουν 9× (10.6%)

εἶδεν 8× (9.6%)

ἑώρακασ 5× (6.0%)

---% 3× (3.1%)

'' 3× (3.1%)

ὁρῶντεσ 3× (3.1%)

εἶδε 2× (2.4%)

εἶδον 2× (2.4%)

εἶδεσ 2× (2.4%)

--- 2× (2.4%)

בציון בְּצִיּוֹן

in Inner Monument (Zion)

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ציון

Tsîyôwn

Definition

Tsijon (as a permanent capital), a mountain of Jerusalem

Root

the same (regularly) as H6725 (ציון)lemma ציון missing dagesh, corrected to ציון;

Exhaustive

the same (regularly) as ציוןlemma ציון missing dagesh, corrected to ציון; Tsijon (as a permanent capital), a mountain of Jerusalem; Zion.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6726

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צִיּוֹן

noun proper masculine • Root צור • Strongs / High • Page 1227

A fortress, a castle, a tower, a mountain-fort.

צִיּוֹן

noun proper feminine • Root ציה • Strongs / High • Page 1228

(from צִיָה III.; tower, fortress, fort) n. p. f. Zion, Sión, the name of the south-western hill of Jerusalem.

צִיּוֹן

noun proper • Root ציה • Strongs / High • Page 1229

Name of the higher part of the city (Jerusalem/City of David). Universally used by poets and prophets for Jerusalem or its inhabitants.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צִיּוֹן

f. prop. n. • Page 567

Zion, the proper name of a part of Jerusalem. Often used for Jerusalem itself.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6726

I. צִיּוֹן (approximate number of occurrences: 154; Greek Σ(ε)ιων; ṣîyyôn) proper name of a location — Zion.

Cognates:

• Syriac ܨܗܝܘܢ (older form, according to Lagarde¹; compare 198)

— צִיּוֹן 2 Samuel 5:7 +; צִיּוֹ֫נָה Jeremiah 4:6.

1. Historical and Geographical Usage

a. Stronghold of Jebusites

• Captured by David and made his residence: 2 Samuel 5:7 = 1 Chronicles 11:5 (both + הִיא עִיר דָּוִד)
• Located on the southern part of the east hill of Jerusalem, distinct from the site of the temple: 1 Kings 8:1; 2 Chronicles 5:2 (both מֵעִיר דָּוִד הִיא צִיּוֹן)

2. Poetic and Prophetic use for Jerusalem

a. Political point of view (sometimes = inhabitants)

• Amos 6:7 ("" הַר שֹׁמְרוֺן)
• Micah 3:10, 12 = Jeremiah 26:18 ("" יְרוּשָׁלַםִ)
• Isaiah 4:3; Isaiah 30:19; Isaiah 40:9; Isaiah 41:27; Isaiah 52:1; Isaiah 62:1; Isaiah 64:9
• Zephaniah 3:16; Zechariah 1:14, 17; Psalm 51:20
• As בַּת צִיּוֹן: Isaiah 52:2; Micah 4:8 ("" בַּת יְרוּשָׁלַםִ); Lamentations 2:13
• As יוֹשֶׁבֶת צִיּוֹן: Jeremiah 51:35
• As בְּנוֹת צִיּוֹן: Isaiah 3:16, 17; Isaiah 4:4; Songs 3:11
• As בְּנֵי צִיּוֹן: Lamentations 4:2; Joel 2:23; Psalm 149:2 ("" יִשְׂרָזֵל); Zechariah 9:13; Isaiah 66:8 (יָלְדָה צִיּוֹן אֶת־בָּנֶיהָ)

b. As Mount Zion (הַר צִיּוֹן)

• 2 Kings 19:31 = Isaiah 37:32 ("" יְרוּשָׁלַםִ)
• Isaiah 29:8 ("" אַרִיאֵל Isaiah 29:7); Obadiah 17, 21
• Psalm 48:12 ("" בְּנוֹת יְהוּדָה); Psalm 125:1
• As הַר בַּת צִיּוֹן: Isaiah 16:1; Isaiah 10:32 Qr ("" גִּבְעַת יְרוּשָׁלַםִ)
• As מְרוֹם צִיּוֹן: Jeremiah 31:12

3. Of Jerusalem as abode of God

Specifically of Jerusalem as the abode of יְהוָה and place of His worship:

• Amos 1:2; Isaiah 31:9; Zechariah 8:3; Micah 4:2 = Isaiah 2:3; Joel 4:16
• Psalm 102:22; Psalm 135:21; Psalm 147:12 ("" יְרוּשָׁלַםִ); Psalm 76:8 ("" שָׁלֵם)
• Particular of the sanctuary: Psalm 20:3 ("" קֹדֶשׁ); Psalm 14:7 = Psalm 53:7 +
• הַר צִיּוֹן as abode of Yahweh: Psalm 48:3 ("" קִרְיַת מֶלֶךְ רָב); Psalm 78:68 ("" שֵׁבֶט יְהוּדָה); Isaiah 24:23 ("" יְרוּשָׁלַםִ)
• הַרֲרֵי צִיּוֹן: Psalm 133:3
• Sanctuary focus: Isaiah 4:5; Joel 2:1; Joel 4:17 ("" הַר קָדְשִׁי)
• הַר קָדְשִׁי צִיּוֹן as seat of king: Psalm 2:6

See also בַּת צִיּוֹן, הַהר צִיּוֹן, ישֶׁבֶת צִיּוֹן, below בַּת, הַר, יָשַׁב.

צָיוֺן see ציה. צִיּוּן see צוה.

¹ Lagarde, Bildung der Nomina (1889), 84 (Lag^{Bn 84}).

Preposition, Noun proper name

LXX: σιων pεἰσ pἐν

LXX Usage Statistics

H6726:

σιων 148× (92.7%)

pεἰσ 4× (2.7%)

pἐν 3× (2.0%)

עינינו עֵינֵינוּ׃

the eyes of ourselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עין

ʻayin

Definition

an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)

Root

probably a primitive word;

Exhaustive

probably a primitive word; an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape); affliction, outward appearance, [phrase] before, [phrase] think best, colour, conceit, [phrase] be content, countenance, [phrase] displease, eye((-brow), (-d), -sight), face, [phrase] favour, fountain, furrow (from the margin), [idiom] him, [phrase] humble, knowledge, look, ([phrase] well), [idiom] me, open(-ly), [phrase] (not) please, presence, [phrase] regard, resemblance, sight, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them, [phrase] think, [idiom] us, well, [idiom] you(-rselves).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5869

נו

Definition

our, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9025

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַיִן

noun feminine • Root עין • Strongs / High • Page 1081

1. The eye, oculus, as the organ of sight; used figuratively for perception, attention, favorable/unfavorable views, and expression of emotion (e.g., proud, humble, joyous look). It also denotes the middle of the forehead (between the eyes), or proximity ('in the eyes of one'). 2. The eye as a fountain of tears. 3. A look or gaze (e.g., piercingly, enviously). 4. What presents itself to the sight: a phenomenon, appearance, sight, or prospect.

עַיִן

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 1082

The eye, bead or pearl, of wine.

עַיִן

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 1082

A fountain (constr. עֵין), pl. עֲיָנֹת.

עַיִן

noun proper • Strongs / High • Page 1082

Proper name of a city of Simeon/Levitical city within Judah (7a), or a locality in the north-east of Palestine (7b).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַיִן

com. gen. • Page 503

1. an eye (Ezek. 12: 12). 2. 'before the eyes of any one' (Gen. 23: 11, 18). 3. 'in the eyes', i.e. in the judgment.

עַיִן

m. denom. • Root עין • Page 505

looking askance, envious. Found in 1 Sam. 18:9 Keri.

עַיִן

noun • Page 504

1. Ment or opinion, often conveying the idea of seeming or appearing (Gen. 19:14, 2 Sam. 10:3). 2. A bead or bubble in wine (Prov. 23:31). 3. Perhaps a look (Cant. 4:9). 4. Face, countenance, like פָנִים (Ps. 6:8, Num. 14:14). 5. The surface (Ex. 10:5, Num. 22:5). 6. Appearance, form (Num. 11:7, Lev. 13:5, Ezek. 1:4). 7. A spring, fountain, with plural עֵינוֹת (Gen. 16:7). The eye is figuratively considered a fountain of tears.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5869

I. עַ֫יִן (approximate number of occurrences: 859) noun feminine^{Genesis 3:7} and (Zechariah 3:9; 4:10 Albr¹) masculine — eye.

Cognates:

• Phoenician ען
• Aramaic עֵינָא, עַיְינָא
• Palmyrene עינא
• Syriac ܥܰܝܢܳܐ
• Assyrian ênu, enu
• Arabic عَيْن
• Ethiopic ዐይን

— עַ֫יִן absolute Exodus 21:4 +; construct עֵין Exodus 21:26 +; suffix עֵינִי Genesis 44:21 +; suffix 3 masculine plural עֵינָם Isaiah 13:18, עֵינֵמוֺ Psalm 73:7; usually dual עֵינַיִם Genesis 20:16 +; construct עֵינֵי Genesis 3:7 +, עֵנֵי Isaiah 3:8; suffix עֵינַי Genesis 31:10 +, עֵינֶיךָ Judges 6:17 + etc.

1. Literally as physical organ

a. of man

• Exodus 21:6 (Elohist Source)
• Genesis 3:6 (Jehovist Source)
• Leviticus 26:16 (Holiness Code)
• Deuteronomy 34:4, 7 (Priests' Code / Narrative)
• Judges 16:28 (+ שְׁתֵּי)

b. anthropomorphically of God

• Psalm 33:18
• Psalm 34:16

c. of idols

• Psalm 115:5
• Psalm 135:16

d. of beasts

• Genesis 30:41 (Jehovist Source)
• Job 40:24 (hippopotamus)
• Job 41:10 (crocodile)
• Job 28:7 (bird)

e. in visions (of wheels, stones)

• Ezekiel 1:18
• Ezekiel 10:12
• Zechariah 3:9

f. subject of seeing

• Genesis 45:12 (Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 3:27 (with ראה)
• Genesis 13:10 (+ נָשָׂא lift up)
• Leviticus 13:12 (מַרְאֵה עֵינֵי as far as one can see)

2. Eyes as showing mental qualities

a. Arrogance and Humility

• arrogance: Isaiah 2:11; Isaiah 5:15; Psalm 101:5; Proverbs 6:17
• humility: Job 22:29 (שַׁח עַיִן)
• pity: Deuteronomy 7:16 (לֹא תָחֹס עֵינְךָ not have pity)

3. Figurative of mental and spiritual faculties

a. Enlightenment and Vision

• Genesis 3:5, 7 (Jehovist Source)
• Numbers 24:4, 16 (גְּלּוּי עַיִן opened of eye)
• Psalm 123:2 (looking to God)

b. In the view/opinion of (בְּעֵינֵי)

• Genesis 16:4, 5 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 21:11 (Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 12:8 (הַיָּשָׁר בְּעֵינָיו right in his own eyes)

4. Transferred meanings

a. Surface and Appearance

• surface of earth: Exodus 10:5, 15 (Jehovist Source)
• appearance: Leviticus 13:5; Numbers 11:7
• gleam/sparkle: Ezekiel 1:4; Proverbs 23:31 (of wine)

5. Other phrases

• eye for an eye: עַיִן תַּחַת עַיִן Exodus 21:24; Leviticus 24:20
• eye to eye: עַיִן בְּעַיִן Numbers 14:14; Isaiah 52:8
• in the presence of: לְעֵינֵי Genesis 42:24; Exodus 4:30
• between the eyes (forehead): בֵּין עֵינַיִם Exodus 13:9; Deuteronomy 6:8

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II. עַ֫יִן (approximate number of occurrences: 23) noun feminine — spring (of water).

Cognates:

• Phoenician ען
• Assyrian ênu, înu
• Arabic عَيْن
• Ethiopic ዐይን
• Syriac ܥܰܝܢܳܐ
• Aramaic עֵינָא

— עַ֫יִן absolute 1 Samuel 29:1 +, עָ֑יִן Genesis 49:22; construct עֵין Genesis 24:13 +; plural עֲיָנֹת Deuteronomy 8:7, construct עֵינוֺת Exodus 15:27.

a. Particular springs

• עֵין חֲרֹד (En-harod) Judges 7:1
• עֵין הַקּוֺרֵא (En-hakkore) Judges 15:19
• עֵין רֹגֵּל (En-rogel) 2 Samuel 17:17; Joshua 15:7
• עֵין הַתַּנִּין (Dragon-spring) Nehemiah 2:13

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Aramaic

I. [עַיִן] noun feminine^{Ezra 5:5} — eye (Biblical Hebrew עַיִן).

1. literally eye
   • construct עֵין Ezra 5:5 (of God)
   • plural עַיְנִין Daniel 7:8, Daniel 7:20 (of a horn)
   • dual construct עַיְנֵי Daniel 7:8 (of man)
   • suffix עַיְנַי Daniel 4:31

¹ Karl Albrecht, "Das Geschlecht der Hebräischen Hauptwörter," Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) 16 (1896): 75.

² Elohist Source.

³ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁴ Holiness Code.

⁵ Priests' Code / Narrative.

Noun common both dual construct, Suffix pronominal first person both plural

LXX: ὀφθαλμοῖσ ἐναντίον ἐνώπιον ὀφθαλμοὺσ ὀφθαλμοὶ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5869a:

ὀφθαλμοῖσ 134× (13.0%)

ἐναντίον 111× (12.6%)

ἐνώπιον 87× (10.0%)

ὀφθαλμοὺσ 80× (7.8%)

ὀφθαλμοὶ 74× (6.9%)

ὀφθαλμοί 58× (5.6%)

ὀφθαλμῶν 54× (5.6%)

ὀφθαλμούσ 38× (3.8%)

κατ' 28× (3.2%)

ὀφθαλμόσ 27× (2.5%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And now many nations were gathered against thee, saying, She shall be defiled, and our eyes shall look upon Zion.

LITV Translation:
Now also many nations are gathered against you, saying, Let her be defiled, and let our eyes look on Zion.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And now have many nations gathered against thee, saying, We will rejoice, and our eyes shall look upon Zion.