Micah 2:8

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ואתמול וְאֶתְמ֗וּל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אתמול

ʼethmôwl

Definition

heretofore; definitely yesterday

Root

or אתמול; or אתמול; probably from H853 (את) or H854 (את) and H4136 (מול);

Exhaustive

or אתמול; or אתמול; probably from את or את and מול; heretofore; definitely yesterday; [phrase] before (that) time, [phrase] heretofore, of late (old), [phrase] times past, yester(day).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H865

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אִתְּמוֹל

adverb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 211

see תְּמוֹל

אֶתְמוּל

adverb • Lemma_Lookup • Page 211

see תְּמוֹל

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶתְמוֹל

adverb • Page 83

Yesterday. Used with prosthetic aleph. Also appears as אִתְמוֹל. See 1 Sam. 4:7, 14:21, 19:7, and Ps. 90:4.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H865

I. תְּמֹל (approximate number of occurrences: 23) noun masculine — yesterday, figurative recently, formerly.

Cognates:

• Aramaic אִתְּמָלִי, תְּמָלִי, sometimes אִתְּמֹל
• Syriac ܠܐܬ, ܐܠܗܐ, ܐܠܗܐ
• Mandean עַתְמָאל (compare Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik¹ 202)
• Ethiopic ተርጓሚ
• Assyrian timâli, itimâli, ina timâli (compare Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch² 158, 721)

Derivation dubious; according to Meyer, Grammatik der syrischen Sprache³ 118, König⁴ ii. 264 f., from Arabic باب II. prolongavit, IV. longam vitam concessit, المطبوعات tempus, the two times, i.e. night and day, in form an infinitive of VI. ܠܐܬ; hence properly long time, (past) time, specialized to yesterday.

— תְּמֹל absolute 2 Samuel 15:20; construct אֶתְמֹל 1 Samuel 10:11; אֵתְמֹל Isaiah 30:33; מֵאֵתְמֹל Micah 2:8 (see infinitive).

1. Literal Meaning

• Yesterday: 2 Samuel 15:20 תְּמֹל בּוֹאֲךָ yesterday (=only lately) was thy coming; Job 8:9 תְּמֹל אֲנַחְנוּ (of) yesterday are we (compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar⁵ §141d); Psalm 90:4 בְּיוֹם אֵתְמֹל in the day of yesterday.

2. Figurative Uses: Recently or Formerly

• Usually in combination with שִׁלְשֹׁם (yesterday and the third day), to express the idea of formerly:
  • As adverb accusative:
    • גַּם תְּמֹל גַּם הַיּוֹם 1 Samuel 20:27 (literal), compare Exodus 5:14 (sub b).
    • תְּמֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם Exodus 5:8, Ruth 2:11, so אֵתְמֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם 1 Samuel 4:7.
    • גַּם שִׁלְשֹׁם גַּם תְּמֹל 2 Samuel 3:17; 1 Chronicles 11:2 (parallel to 2 Samuel 5:2 with אֵתְמֹל).
  • בִּתְּמֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם as formerly: Genesis 31:2, Genesis 31:5; Exodus 5:7; Joshua 4:18; 1 Samuel 21:6 (but Budde מִתְּמֹל, as c.), 2 Kings 13:5; בְּשִׁלְשֹׁם בְּכַאֵתְמֹל 1 Samuel 14:21; 1 Samuel 19:7; Exodus 5:14 בְּשִׁלְשֹׁם בְּכִתְּמֹל גַּם תְּמֹל גַּם הַיּוֹם as yesterday (and) the third day (= as formerly), both yesterday and to-day (=so more recently).
  • מִתְּמֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם = (from) aforetime: Exodus 21:29, Exodus 21:36; Joshua 3:6, בְּשִׁלְשֹׁם וְהוּא לֹא שָׁנָא לוֹ מִתְּמֹל Deuteronomy 4:42; Deuteronomy 19:4, Deuteronomy 19:6; Joshua 20:5; so מֵאֵתְמֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם 1 Samuel 10:11; גַּם גַּם מִשִּׁלְשֹׁם גַּם מִתְּמֹל Exodus 4:10.

3. Other Uses

• מֵאֵתְמֹל (alone) Isaiah 30:33 from yesterday = already; וְאֵתְמֹל עַמִּי Micah 2:8 corrupt, read וְאַתֶּם לְעַמִּי (compare Wright, Smith, with יָקוּם; עַל עַמִּי Wellhausen, Nowack, with תָּקוּמוּ), and see שָׁלְמָה.

¹ Theodor Nöldeke, Mandäische Grammatik, Halle, 1875.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch, Leipzig, 1896.

³ Eduard Meyer, Grammatik der syrischen Sprache, Berlin, 1880.

⁴ Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache, Leipzig, 1881-1897.

⁵ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Conjunction, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0865:

No stats available

עמי עַמִּי

the people of myself/with me

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עם

ʻam

Definition

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

Root

from H6004 (עמם);

Exhaustive

from עמם; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock; folk, men, nation, people.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5971

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַם

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1100

Properly union, association, community, congregation, company. Hence: 1. A people (including the Israelite people, different nations, mankind, inhabitants of a city, countrymen, a tribe, kindred, or family-stock). 2. The mass of the people, the populace, or lower people (opposed to leaders/rich). 3. A troop of animals.

עַם

noun m. • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

People, the community, the mass of the people. Used along with אֻמָּה and גּוֹי.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַם

com. gen. • Page 512

a people, i. e. my people or country. Applied to animals, Prov. 30: 25, 26. Ps. 74: 14. Plur. עַמִּים (rarely in Chaldaic form עַמְמִים). Denotes the Jews as opposed to other nations (gentiles). Sometimes plur. stands for singular as Lev. 19: 16. נֶאֱסַף אֶל־עַמָּיו to be gathered to his people, i. e. to die.

עַם

chald. n. • Page 512

idem. Plur. עַמְמִין, emph. עַמְמַיָּא, Dan. 3 : 4, 7, 31. 5 : 19. 6 : 26. 7 : 14.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5971

I. עַם, עָם (approximate number of occurrences: 1840) noun masculine^{Genesis 11:6} — people.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew עַם (idem, plebeian)
• Aramaic עַמָּא people (plural peoples, tribes)
• Syriac ܥܡܐ
• Arabic عم (original meaning probably those united, connected, related¹)

— עַם absolute Genesis 11:6 +; עָם Judges 9:36 +; הָעָם Joshua 8:11 +; construct עַם Numbers 21:29 +; suffix עַמִּי Exodus 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Exodus 22:27 +; plural עַמִּים Isaiah 2:3 +; עֲמָמִים Nehemiah 9:22; construct עַמֵּי 1 Kings 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Nehemiah 9:24.

(Thesaurus cites following as feminine: וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Exodus 5:16 [but corrupt; read וְחַטָאתָ לְעַ, so Septuagint, Peshitta]; Judges 18:7 [but agrees with lost word city]; Jeremiah 8:5 [but read שׁוֺבַב]).

1. A people, nation

Collective noun (sometimes parallel גּוֺי):

• עַם אֶחָד (all mankind) Genesis 11:6 (Jehovist Source)
• Peoples in General: Genesis 27:29 (Jehovist Source; parallel לְאֻמִּים), Exodus 19:5 (Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 2:25, Deuteronomy 4:6, Nehemiah 13:24
• קְהַל עַמִּים assembly of peoples Genesis 28:3 (Priests' Code), Genesis 48:4 (Priests' Code), Ezekiel 23:24
• Particular peoples: Egypt Genesis 41:40 (Elohist Source); עַם־אֲרָם Amos 1:5; Moab (עַם־כְּמוֺשׁ) Numbers 21:29 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Especially Israel: Exodus 1:20 (Elohist Source); עַם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Exodus 1:9 (Jehovist Source); עַם יהוה Numbers 11:29 (Elohist Source), 1 Samuel 2:24
• Figurative of ants Proverbs 30:25, rock-rabbits Proverbs 30:26, locusts Joel 2:2

2. Smaller units

a. Inhabitants of a city

• Genesis 19:4 (Jehovist Source)
• 1 Samuel 9:12, 13
• Jeremiah 29:16, 25

b. Inhabitants of a locality

• Jeremiah 37:12

c. Retainers, followers

• Genesis 14:16
• Genesis 32:8
• Genesis 33:15
• 2 Samuel 15:17

d. People bearing arms

• 1 Samuel 11:11
• עַם כָּבֵד (powerful force) Numbers 20:20 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• עַם הַצָּבָא Numbers 31:32 (Priests' Code)
• עַם הַמִּלְחָמָה Joshua 8:1, 3, 11 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

3. Common people

• Jeremiah 21:7, 22:4
• Leviticus 4:27 (opposed to ruler)
• Nehemiah 5:1, 7:5 (opposed to rulers)

4. Persons in general

• Genesis 50:20 (Elohist Source)
• Exodus 33:16 (Jehovist Source)
• עַם עוֺלָם (people of long ago in Sheol) Ezekiel 26:20

5. Common phrases

a. Compatriots

• בְּנֵי עַמּוֺ Numbers 22:5 (Elohist Source), Genesis 23:11 (Priests' Code), Leviticus 19:18 (Holiness Code)

b. Common people

• בְּנֵי הָעָם 2 Kings 23:6, 26:23

c. People of the land

• עַם הָאָרֶץ 2 Kings 11:14, Jeremiah 37:2, Genesis 23:7 (Priests' Code)

d. Designations of Israel

• עַם קָדוֺשׁ (holy people) Deuteronomy 7:6
• עַם סְגֻלָּה (treasured people) Deuteronomy 7:6, 26:18

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II. [עַם] noun masculine — kinsman (later development of I. עַם²).

Cognates:

• Arabic عم paternal uncle
• Nabataean עם ancestor³

— suffix עַמִּי in בֶּן־עַמִּי; plural suffix עַמֶּיךָ Numbers 27:13, Numbers 31:2; עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8 +; עַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14 +.

1. father's kinsmen (especially of joining them in Sheol)
   • וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶל־עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8, 25:17, 35:29, 49:33 (all Priests' Code)
2. severed from kinsmen (excision)
   • וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14, Leviticus 7:20, Exodus 31:14 (Holiness Code)

---

Aramaic

עַם (compare Biblical Hebrew I. עַם) noun masculine — people.

• absolute Daniel 2:44, 3:29; Ezra 6:12
• construct Daniel 7:27
• emphatic עַמָּא Ezra 7:13, עַמָּה Ezra 5:12
• plural emphatic עַמֲמַיָּא Daniel 3:4, 3:7, 5:19, 7:14

¹ Julius Wellhausen, Grundriss der Geschichte Israels und Judas (GGN 1893, 480).

² W. Robertson Smith, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia, 2nd ed., p. 72.

³ Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (1898), pp. 151, 499.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: λαοῦ λαὸσ λαὸν λαῷ λαόν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5971a:

λαοῦ 347× (18.2%)

λαὸσ 338× (17.6%)

λαὸν 251× (13.2%)

λαῷ 173× (8.7%)

λαόν 170× (8.8%)

λαόσ 132× (6.8%)

ἐθνῶν 46× (2.5%)

'' 43× (2.2%)

--- 41× (2.5%)

ἔθνη 39× (2.2%)

לאויב לְאוֹיֵב

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

איב

ʼôyêb

Definition

hating; an adversary

Root

or (fully) אויב; active participle of H340 (איב);

Exhaustive

or (fully) אויב; active participle of איב; hating; an adversary; enemy, foe.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H341

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֹיֵב

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 110

enemy, hater, opposer in the widest sense

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֹיֵב

particle • Root איב • Page 43

Part. enemy, adversary, Gen. 22: 17. 49: 8. Fem. אֹיֶבֶת female adversary, Mic. 7: 8, 10.

Preposition, Verb Qal participle active masculine singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0341:

No stats available

יקומם יְקוֹמֵם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קום

qûwm

Definition

to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative); abide, accomplish, [idiom] be clearer, confirm, continue, decree, [idiom] be dim, endure, [idiom] enemy, enjoin, get up, make good, help, hold, (help to) lift up (again), make, [idiom] but newly, ordain, perform, pitch, raise (up), rear (up), remain, (a-) rise (up) (again, against), rouse up, set (up), (e-) stablish, (make to) stand (up), stir up, strengthen, succeed, (as-, make) sure(-ly), (be) up(-hold, -rising).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6965

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קוּם

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1267

To be, to stand in a place, to stand fast, subsist, live, exist, rule (over a kingdom), endure, keep hold, remain, stand up, rise (from falling, kneeling, sitting, or generally), appear (as a witness or hostilely), succeed, prepare, or start up. Also metaphorically to be brought about (a plan, prediction, etc.) or to be firm/decided.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קוּם

verb • Page 583

fut. יָקוּם. 1. to stand or get up, to rise, arise. Gen. 22: 3. Job 1: 20. With redundant dative קוּמִי לָךְ rise up, Cant. 2: 10. 2. to stand, in different relations; to last, endure. Job 15: 29. Amos 7: 2, 5. to continue, construed with לְ to a person, Lev. 25: 30. 3. to prosper, construed with בְּ. Job 22: 28. Is. 8: 10. 4. to come to pass, to be fulfilled, spoken of a prediction. Jer. 44: 28. 5. to be legal, valid; spoken e. g. of testimony, Deut. 19: 15; of a vow, Num. 30: 5 ff. 6. to stand by, assist, Ps. 94: 16. 7. to stand before, resist. Josh. 7: 13. 8. קָמוּ עֵינַיִם the eyes were fixed or set, 1 K. 14: 4. 9. pass. of Pi.

קוּם

verb • Page 584

1. to rise up. (Dan. 3:24). 2. to stand. (Dan. 3:3; 7:17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6965

I. לֵב קָמָי probably late Atbash (compare שֵׁשַׁךְ) for כשׂדים the original reading (ᵐ5¹) Jeremiah 51:1.

II. קוּם (approximate number of occurrences: 628) — arise, stand up, stand. (Late Hebrew in derived species and derivatives).

Cognates:

• Phoenician Hiph`il Participle and מקם place
• Arabic قام stand, rise
• Ethiopic ቆመ stand, stop
• Sabean מקם place
• Aramaic קוּם, קָם; Old Aramaic Nabataean קום
• Palmyrene Aph`el אקים erect statue
• Assyrian kumu place, dwelling, kaiamânu enduring
• Samaritan live

— קוּם absolute Jeremiah 44:29; construct קָוּם Amos 5:2; Perfect 3 masculine singular קָם 1 Samuel 17:48 +, וְקָאם Hosea 10:14; 2 masculine singular קַמְתָּ 2 Samuel 12:21; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יָקוּם Exodus 21:19, jussive יָקֻם Genesis 27:31; Imperative masculine singular קוּם Genesis 13:17; feminine plural קֹמְנָה Isaiah 32:9; Participle feminine singular קָמָה Micah 7:6; masculine plural קָמִים 2 Samuel 18:31.

Qal (460 occurrences)

1. Arise

מִתַּחְתָּיו Exodus 10:23 (Elohist Source).

a. After lying down

• (Sleep, sickness, mourning) 1 Samuel 3:6, 8; 2 Samuel 12:21; Genesis 19:33, 35
• From lying dead 2 Kings 13:21, Job 14:12; Isaiah 26:14, 19
• After falling Amos 5:2; Amos 8:14; Jeremiah 8:4
• From sitting or reclining, at meals Genesis 25:34; 1 Samuel 1:9; Esther 7:7
• In respect/honor Genesis 19:1; Leviticus 19:32; Job 29:8
• From kneeling 1 Kings 8:54; from bending over dead Genesis 23:3 (Priests' Code)

b. Out of a condition or state

• Ezra 9:5

c. Of bear rising

• 1 Samuel 17:35

d. Arise and stand

• Exodus 33:8; Psalm 20:9 figurative
• Of a sheaf Genesis 37:7; of waters Joshua 3:16

e. Construction Praegnans

• Numbers 11:32 (Elohist Source)
• Over a person 2 Samuel 12:17

f. Preliminary to formal speech or act

• Judges 20:8; Micah 6:1; Proverbs 31:28
• To testify Deuteronomy 19:15–16; Psalm 35:11
• To read aloud Nehemiah 9:3; to bless 2 Chronicles 30:27

g. To listen to God's word

• Numbers 23:18; Isaiah 32:9

h. Of noise, tumult, or light

• Hosea 10:14; Job 25:3

2. Hostile sense (rise against)

• With עַל Deuteronomy 19:11; Judges 9:18; Psalm 27:3
• Of God arising Amos 7:9; Isaiah 14:22
• With אֶל Genesis 4:8; 1 Samuel 24:8
• Participle with suffix (enemies) Exodus 15:7; Deuteronomy 33:11
• Revolt Numbers 16:2; 2 Kings 12:21

3. Become powerful

• Proverbs 28:12, 28

4. Arise (appear on scene)

• Of leader, prophet, or king Judges 5:7; Deuteronomy 13:2; Exodus 1:8
• In place of (תַּחַת) 1 Kings 8:20; Numbers 32:14
• Of calamity Nahum 1:9; Proverbs 24:22

5. Arise for, i.e. to become

• For a witness Zephaniah 3:8 (לְעֵד)
• Ezekiel 7:11 (dubious)

6. Arise for action

a. Especially of God arising

• For judgment Psalm 76:10; Job 31:14
• Imperative קוּמָה Numbers 10:35; Psalm 3:8

b. Introducing specific deed

• Genesis 21:18; Exodus 32:1; Judges 8:20

c. Start/Move to go somewhere

• Genesis 13:17; 1 Samuel 9:3; Jonah 1:3

7. Stand (Figurative)

a. Maintain oneself

• Joshua 7:12; Amos 7:2; Psalm 1:5

b. Be established, confirmed

• Of a kingdom 1 Samuel 24:21; of purchase Leviticus 27:19
• Assured to (ל) Leviticus 25:30; Genesis 23:17 (Priests' Code)

c. Stand, endure

• 1 Samuel 13:14; Job 8:15

d. Be fixed (of price)

• Leviticus 27:14

e. Be valid (of vows)

• Numbers 30:5 (Priests' Code)

f. Be proven

• Deuteronomy 19:15

g. Be fulfilled / Succeed

• Jeremiah 44:29; Isaiah 14:24; Proverbs 19:21; Isaiah 7:7

h. Persist

• Isaiah 32:8

i. Represent a name

• Deuteronomy 25:6

j. Of eyes (be set/fixed)

• 1 Samuel 4:15; 1 Kings 14:4

Pi`el — Late (Aramaic)

1. Fulfil

• Ezekiel 13:6; Psalm 119:106

2. Confirm, ratify, establish

• Ruth 4:7; Psalm 119:28
• Impose obligation Esther 9:21, 27, 31

Po`l. raise up (rebuilding)

• Isaiah 44:26; Isaiah 58:2; Isaiah 61:4

Hithpolel raise oneself, rise up (hostile)

• Job 20:27; Job 27:7; Psalm 17:7; Psalm 59:2

Hiph`il (146 occurrences) cause to arise, raise, set up

1. Cause to arise

a. Prostrate person or thing

• 2 Samuel 12:17; Deuteronomy 22:4; Psalm 41:11
• Figurative Amos 9:11; 1 Samuel 2:8

b. From throne

• Isaiah 14:9

c. Lift up shield

• Ezekiel 26:8

2. Raise, set up, erect

a. Physical objects

• Stones Joshua 4:9, 20; Deuteronomy 27:2
• Pillars 1 Kings 7:21; Exodus 40:18
• Idols Judges 18:30; Leviticus 26:1

b. Erect, build

• Altar 2 Samuel 24:18; Tabernacle Exodus 40:2

c. Set up law

• Psalm 78:5

3. Raise up (bring on scene)

• Sons Joshua 5:7; 2 Samuel 7:12
• Seed Genesis 38:8 (Jehovist Source)
• Judges Judges 2:16; Kings Jeremiah 23:5; Prophets Deuteronomy 18:15

4. Rouse, instigate

• Rouse lion Genesis 49:9
• Instigate person against another Amos 6:14; 1 Kings 11:14

5. Constitute

• Deuteronomy 29:12; Amos 2:11

6. Cause to stand / Establish

• Set sentinels Judges 7:19; Jeremiah 51:12
• Establish covenant Genesis 6:18; Genesis 17:7 (Priests' Code)
• Perform oath/word 1 Samuel 1:23; Genesis 26:3

Hoph`al be raised up, be set up, be observed

• 2 Samuel 23:1; Exodus 40:17; Jeremiah 35:14

---

מָקוֹם (approximate number of occurrences: 399) noun masculine (apparently feminine in Job 20:9) — standing-place, place.

1. Standing-place, station

• Exodus 3:5; Joshua 5:15; Genesis 19:27
• Of the earth Isaiah 13:13; of the heart Job 37:1
• Military station Joshua 8:19; office Ecclesiastes 10:4

2. Place where a thing belongs / Abode

• Genesis 29:3; 1 Samuel 5:3
• Human abode Genesis 13:14; God's abode Hosea 5:15; 1 Kings 8:30

3. City, land, region

• City Genesis 18:24; Canaan Exodus 23:20; plot of ground 1 Chronicles 21:22

4. Locality, spot

• Banquet place 1 Samuel 9:22; sleeping-place 1 Samuel 3:2
• Shrine, sanctuary Genesis 12:6, 28:11
• Temple Deuteronomy 12:5; 1 Kings 8:29; Isaiah 60:3

5. Space, room, direction

• Genesis 24:23; distance 1 Samuel 26:13; direction Ezekiel 10:11

---

Aramaic

I. קוּם — verb arise, stand (Biblical Hebrew קוּם).

Pe`al

1. literally arise
   • From throne Daniel 3:24; from bed Daniel 6:20
2. figurative come on scene
   • Of kingdom Daniel 2:39; of king Daniel 7:17
3. stand / endure
   • Daniel 2:31; Daniel 2:44

Pa`el establish ordinance

• Daniel 6:8

Haph`el set up, establish, appoint

• Set up image Daniel 3:1; establish Daniel 6:9
• Appoint Ezra 6:18; Daniel 5:11

Hoph`al be made to stand

• Daniel 7:4

¹ ᵐ5 Septuagint.

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch (GKC).

³ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew.

Verb Piel imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἀνέστη ἀνάστηθι ἀναστὰσ ἀνέστησαν ἀνάστα

LXX Usage Statistics

H6965b:

ἀνέστη 97× (13.4%)

ἀνάστηθι 38× (6.0%)

ἀναστὰσ 35× (5.2%)

ἀνέστησαν 25× (3.4%)

ἀνάστα 17× (2.7%)

ἀνάστητε 17× (2.7%)

ἔστησεν 16× (2.2%)

'' 15× (2.0%)

ἀναστήσω 15× (2.1%)

ἀναστήσονται 10× (1.6%)

ממול מִמּוּל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מול

mûwl

Definition

properly, abrupt, i.e. a precipice; by implication, the front; used only adverbially (with prepositional prefix) opposite

Root

or מול; (Deuteronomy 1:1), or מואל; (Nehemiah 12:38), or מל; (Numbers 22:5), from H4135 (מול);

Exhaustive

or מול; (Deuteronomy 1:1), or מואל; (Nehemiah 12:38), or מל; (Numbers 22:5), from מול; properly, abrupt, i.e. a precipice; by implication, the front; used only adverbially (with prepositional prefix) opposite; (over) against, before, (fore-) front, from, (God-) ward, toward, with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4136

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מוּל

verb • Root מול • Strongs / High • Page 822

To divide, to cut off, to cut away; specifically, to circumcise. Used figuratively for dedication and purification.

מוּל

preposition • Root מול • Strongs / High • Page 822

A preposition: 1. before (expressing motion and rest), in front of, close before, at, beside. 2. over against, before a thing at a certain distance.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מוּל

verb • Page 361

To circumcise (the foreskin). Gen. 21: 4, Ex. 12: 44. Metaphorically used for the heart (Deut. 10: 16, 30: 6). includes Niph. pass., Hiph. (to destroy), and Hithpal. (to be cut off, blunted).

מוֹל

preposition • Page 361

Before, coram (Ex. 18: 19); over against (Deut. 3: 29). Occurs in combinations like אֶל מוֹל (towards) or מִמּוּל (from over against). Deut. 1: 1.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4136

לְמוֺא֯ל Nehemiah 12:38 read לַשְּׂמאֹל, see שׂמאֹל.

I. מוּל, מוֺל (Deuteronomy 1:1), מוֺאל (Nehemiah 12:38) substantive and preposition — front, in front of (derivatives dubious; according to Ol¹ § 223 c Sta² § 378 a, for מְאוֺל from אוּל to be in front: see further Kö³ ii. 300 f. Hpt⁴ BAS i. 172).

1. As substantive

Only in the following instances:

• 1 Kings 7:5 (si vera lectio; see Sta^{ZAW 1883, 151}) וּמוּל מֶחֱזָה אֶל־מֶחֱזָה and the front of (one) window was towards (the other) window.
• Nehemiah 12:38 לְמוֺאל = in the opposite direction (but read probably לִשְׂמאוֺל, compare לַיָּמִין Nehemiah 12:31).

2. As preposition

• Deuteronomy 1:1
• Deuteronomy 2:19 מוּל בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן in front of the Ammonites.
• Deuteronomy 3:29 (parallel to Deuteronomy 4:46; Deuteronomy 34:6) מוּל בֵּית פְּעוֹר.
• Deuteronomy 11:30
• Joshua 18:18
• Joshua 19:46 מוּל יָפוֺ.
• 1 Samuel 14:5 (twice in verse).
• figurative Exodus 18:19 הֱיֵה אַתָּה לָעָם מוּל הָאֱלֹהִים in front of God, i.e. representing God to them.

With prefixes:

a. אֶל־מוּל towards the front of

• 1 Samuel 17:30 מֵאֶצְלוֺ אֶל־מוּל אַחֵר וַיִּסֹב to the front of another.
• on the front of, Exodus 34:3 (pregnantly) וְאַל־יִרְעוּ אֶל־מוּל הָהָר.
• Joshua 8:33 (twice in verse); Joshua 9:1; Joshua 22:11 (see W. Wright).
• specifically אֶל־מוּל פְּנֵי towards or on the forefront of: Exodus 26:9; Exodus 28:25 (parallel to Exodus 39:18), Exodus 39:37; Leviticus 8:9; Numbers 8:2, 3; 2 Samuel 11:15 set ye Uriah אֶל־מוּל פְּנֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה.

b. מִמּוּל

• (α) from the front of: Micah 2:8 (text dubious: read probably מֵעַל).
• (β) of position, off the front of: Leviticus 5:8 מִמּוּל עָרְפּוֹ off the front of its neck, i.e. close in front of it.
• Numbers 22:5 וְהוּא יֹשֵׁב מִמֻּלִי close in front of me.
• 2 Samuel 5:23 (1 Chronicles 14:14) מִמּוּל בְּכָאִים וּבָאתָ לָהֶם come to them off the front of the mulberry-trees.
• 1 Kings 7:39 (2 Chronicles 4:10) מִמּוּל נֶגֶב.
• מִמּוּל פָּנָיו on the forefront of: Exodus 28:27 (parallel to Exodus 39:20).

¹ Justus Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (1861).

² Bernhard Stade, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879).

³ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

⁴ Paul Haupt, Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (BAS).

Prep-M, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: πλησίον πρόσωπον ἐγγὺσ '' ἐρχομένῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4136:

πλησίον 7× (19.6%)

πρόσωπον 6× (11.5%)

ἐγγὺσ 3× (8.4%)

'' 3× (7.1%)

ἐρχομένῳ 2× (5.6%)

κατέναντι 2× (5.6%)

ἐναντίασ 2× (4.8%)

[d] 2× (4.8%)

μέρουσ 2× (3.9%)

שלמה שַׂלְמָה

Complete One

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שלמה

salmâh

Definition

a dress

Root

transp. for H8071 (שמלה);

Exhaustive

transp. for שמלה; a dress; clothes, garment, raiment.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8008

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לְשְׁלֹמֹה

preposition with proper noun • Lemma_Lookup • Page 756

Preposition indicating authorship or possession, meaning 'of Solomon' or 'belonging to Solomon'.

שְׁלֹמֹה

unknown • Root שלום • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1438

Solomon (meaning strength, firmness).

שְׁלֹמֹה

noun proper masculine • Root שלום • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1438

Solomon: The third Hebrew king, celebrated for his magnificence, riches and wisdom.

שֶׁלָּמָה

conjunction • Root ש למה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 816

A compound of שֶׁ and לָמָה, meaning 'for why?' or 'lest'.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8008

II. שַׂלְמָה noun feminine id. (transposed from שִׂמְלָה) — garment.

— שַׂלְמָה absolute Exodus 22:8 +; construct שַׂלְמַת Exodus 22:25; suffix שַׂלְמָתוֺ Deuteronomy 24:13; plural שְׂלָמוֺת Joshua 9:5 +, suffix שַׂלְמֹתֵיהֶם Joshua 9:13, etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Outer garment (of man or woman)

• Exodus 22:8
• Exodus 22:25 (Elohist Source)
• Joshua 9:5, 13 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 24:13
• 1 Kings 11:29–30
• Psalm 104:2 (figurative)

b. General clothes (plural)

• Deuteronomy 29:4
• Nehemiah 9:21
• Job 9:31
• Song of Solomon 4:11

c. As costly gifts or booty

• 1 Kings 10:25
• 2 Chronicles 9:24
• Joshua 22:8 (Late)

2. Textual Note

In Micah 2:8 read probably שֹׁלְמֹה³ (or שֹׁלְמִים⁴), him (those) at peace (with him), compare ᵐ5 ᵑ6.

¹ Elohist Source.

² Jehovist-Elohist Source.

³ T. Roorda; W. Robertson Smith, Prophets of Israel.

⁴ J. Wellhausen; W. Nowack; G. A. Smith.

Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: ἱμάτια ἱματισμόν ἱμάτιον ἱματίου ἱματίῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8008:

ἱμάτια 4× (23.1%)

ἱματισμόν 2× (11.5%)

ἱμάτιον 2× (11.5%)

ἱματίου 2× (11.5%)

ἱματίῳ 2× (11.5%)

אדר אֶדֶר

majestic

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אדר

ʼeder

Definition

amplitude, i.e. (concrete) a mantle; also (figuratively) splendor

Root

from H142 (אדר);

Exhaustive

from אדר; amplitude, i.e. (concrete) a mantle; also (figuratively) splendor; goodly, robe.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H145

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶדֶר

noun proper masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 69

mighty one, lord

אֶדֶר

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 69

dress, ornament; mantle

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶדֶר

m. verbal • Root אדר • Page 27

1. Broad mantle. Mic. 2:8. 2. Splendour, magnificence. Zech. 11:13.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H145

I. אַדֵּר [noun masculine] — glory, magnificence (Assyrian aduru, adiru) ironical of price of shepherd (symbolic) Zechariah 11:13.

Cognates:

• Assyrian aduru, adiru

1. glory, magnificence, ironical of price of shepherd (symbolic) Zechariah 11:13.
2. mangle, cloak (as wide) Micah 2:8 (parallel to שַׂלְמָה), but read אַדֶּרֶת (ת lost before following ת), so C. H. H. Wright, The Book of the Prophets, 427¹.

¹ C. H. H. Wright, The Book of the Prophets, Edinburgh, 1894.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0145:

No stats available

תפשטון תַּפְשִׁטוּן

your inner selves are causing to strip

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פשט

pâshaṭ

Definition

to spread out (i.e. deploy in hostile array); by analogy, to strip (i.e. unclothe, plunder, flay, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to spread out (i.e. deploy in hostile array); by analogy, to strip (i.e. unclothe, plunder, flay, etc.); fall upon, flay, invade, make an invasion, pull off, put off, make a road, run upon, rush, set, spoil, spread selves (abroad), strip (off, self).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6584

נ

Definition

paragogic

Root

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9013

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פָּשַׁט

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1201

Intr. to spread out, to extend, to roam about, for plunder; to move against a person or thing.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פָּשַׁט

verb • Page 557

1. to put off garments (Lev. 6: 4); 2. to pillage, plunder, fall on (2 Chr. 25: 13); 3. to spread one's self out, spoken of a hostile army (1 Chr. 14: 9, 13).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6584

I. פָּשַׁט verb — strip off, make a dash, raid.

Cognates:

• Assyrian pašâtu (expunge, obliterate)
• Late Hebrew פָּשַׁט
• Aramaic פְּשַׁט
• Arabic بسط (stretch out, extend)

1. Qal

— Perfect 3 masculine singular פָּשַׁט Hosea 7:1 +; 2 masculine singular וּפָשַׁטְתָּ Judges 9:33; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיִּפְשַׁט 1 Samuel 19:24; 3 masculine plural יִפְשֹׁטוּ Ezekiel 26:16 +; Imperative masculine singular פְּשֹׁטָה Isaiah 32:11; Participle plural פֹּשְׁטִים Nehemiah 4:17.

1. strip off, put off one's garment (accusative)
   • 1 Samuel 19:24
   • Ezekiel 26:16
   • Leviticus 6:4 (+ לָבַשׁ) (Priests' Code)
   • Leviticus 16:23 (Priests' Code)
   • Nehemiah 4:17
   • Songs 5:3
   • Isaiah 32:11 (accusative omitted)
   • Nahum 3:16 (of locusts stripping off sheaths of wings¹)
2. make a dash (from a sheltered place), marauding foray
   • Judges 20:37 (with אֶל)
   • Judges 9:44 (absolute)
   • Hosea 7:1
   • Judges 9:33, 44 (against: עַל)
   • 1 Samuel 23:27
   • 1 Samuel 30:14 (insert עַל compare ᵐ5 We Dr²)
   • Job 1:17 (with אֶל)
   • 1 Samuel 27:8
   • 1 Samuel 30:1
   • 1 Chronicles 14:9, 13 (with בְּ)
   • 2 Chronicles 25:13; 28:18
   • 1 Samuel 27:10 (read אָן for אַל)

2. Pi`el

— Infinitive construct לְפַשֵּׁט.

• 1 Samuel 31:8 (with accusative of person) to strip the slain = 1 Chronicles 10:8
• 2 Samuel 23:10 (absolute, only to strip the slain; compare 1 Chronicles 11:13)

3. Hiph`il

— Perfect 3 masculine singular הִפְשִׁיט Job 19:9; 3 masculine plural suffix וְהִפְשִׁיטוּךָ Ezekiel 23:26 +; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיַּפְשֵׁט Numbers 20:28; 1 singular suffix אַפְשִׁיטֶנָּה Hosea 2:5; 2 masculine plural תַּפְשִׁטוּן Micah 2:8; Imperative הַפְשֵׁט Numbers 20:26; Infinitive construct הַפְשִׁיט 2 Chronicles 29:34; Participle plural מַפְשִׁיטִים 2 Chronicles 35:11.

1. strip one of garment (double accusative)
   • Genesis 37:23 (Elohist Source)
   • Numbers 20:26, 28 (opposed to הִלְבִּישׁ)
   • Ezekiel 16:39; Ezekiel 23:26
   • 1 Chronicles 10:9 (accusative of person alone)
   • Hosea 2:5 strip her naked (עֲרֻמָּה)
2. strip off (garments, skin, honor)
   • 1 Samuel 31:9 (accusative כֵּלָיו)
   • Job 22:6
   • Micah 2:8 (accusative אֶדֶר)
   • Micah 3:3 (accusative עוֹר)
   • Job 19:9 (figurative, accusative כְּבוֹדִי)
3. flay (an offering)
   • Leviticus 1:6 (accusative הָעֹלָה)
   • 2 Chronicles 29:34
   • 2 Chronicles 35:11

4. Hithpa`el

— Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיִּתְפַּשֵּׁט 1 Samuel 18:4 — he stripped himself of his garment (accusative).

¹ S. R. Driver, The Books of Joel and Amos (Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges), 1897.

² J. Wellhausen, Der Text der Bücher Samuelis, 1871.

Verb Hiphil imperfect second person masculine plural, Suffix paragogic nun

LXX: ἐξέδειραν ἐπέθεντο ἐξέδυσαν ἐκδύσονται ἐξεχύθησαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H6584:

ἐξέδειραν 3× (7.7%)

ἐπέθεντο 3× (7.3%)

ἐξέδυσαν 3× (6.9%)

ἐκδύσονται 2× (5.1%)

ἐξεχύθησαν 2× (4.7%)

ἐξέδυσεν 2× (4.7%)

ἐκδύσουσίν 2× (4.3%)

ἐκδύσεται 2× (4.3%)

מעברים מֵעֹבְרִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עבר

ʻâbar

Definition

to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in copulation)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in copulation); alienate, alter, [idiom] at all, beyond, bring (over, through), carry over, (over-) come (on, over), conduct (over), convey over, current, deliver, do away, enter, escape, fail, gender, get over, (make) go (away, beyond, by, forth, his way, in, on, over, through), have away (more), lay, meddle, overrun, make partition, (cause to, give, make to, over) pass(-age, along, away, beyond, by, -enger, on, out, over, through), (cause to, make) [phrase] proclaim(-amation), perish, provoke to anger, put away, rage, [phrase] raiser of taxes, remove, send over, set apart, [phrase] shave, cause to (make) sound, [idiom] speedily, [idiom] sweet smelling, take (away), (make to) transgress(-or), translate, turn away, (way-) faring man, be wrath.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5674

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָבַר

verb • Root עבר • Strongs / High • Page 1046

I. Intransitive: properly to go over a standing place or resting point, to step beyond, to rove beyond, to go beyond. Hence to pass over (river, land, thing), to go through, to emigrate, to cross, to step over, to tread over. Figuratively: to transgress.

עָבַר

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1047

To pass, to go over, to cross, to go through, to penetrate; to go beyond, past (accus.); to be current (of money); to pass by; to go before; to travel; to pass away, to disappear (of times/things); to go over (to forgive); to go farther, to pass on/forward; to come through/under; to depart from (a commandment); to enter into (a covenant); to run into (danger); to follow; to come upon (assail, invade); to overflow, to inundate, to overwhelm; to transgress, to exceed; to flow out, to drop (in tears/liquids).

עָבַר

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1048

To pass over, through, or away; to cross. Metaphorically: to be agitated (of a stream); to be puffed up, haughty, overbearing, provoked, irritated.

עָבַר

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1048

II. Properly, to veil, to cover, to enwrap (Kal not used). Metaphorically: to copulate, to impregnate; intransitive: to be fructified (of corn/fruit); to be pregnant (of a woman).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָבַר

verb • Root עבר • Page 488

To pass, go on, or pass over. 1. to pass, go or pass on (Ps. 42:5, Am. 5:5). 2. to go or pass through a place (Judg. 11:29, Gen. 12:6). 3. to pass by (Gen. 37:23, 1 K. 9:8). 4. to pass over, e.g. a river (Gen. 31:21, Josh. 3:11). 5. to overflow, spoken of water or devastating armies (Is. 8:8, Nah. 1:8, Ps. 124:4). 6. to pass away, disappear, or perish (Gen. 18:5, Ps. 37:36). 7. to come on or upon any one, spoken of evil or jealousy (Num. 5:14, Nah. 3:19). 8. to drop, to ooze out (Cant. 5:5, 13). 9. causative as in Hiph.

עָבַר

verb • Page 489

To pass over, through, or by. Hiphil (הַעֲבִיר, הֶעֱבִיר): 1. To consecrate (Ex. 13:12). 2. To cause to pass, conduct (2 Sam. 19:16); to let one's voice go through (Ex. 36:6); to cause a trumpet to sound (Lev. 25:9). 3. To cause to pass by, to forgive sin (2 Sam. 12:13). 4. To carry over a river (Gen. 32:23); to remove/transfer (Gen. 47:21). 5. Metaphorically, to cause to transgress (1 Sam. 2:24). 6. To carry away (2 Chr. 35:23); to take away or remove (Jon. 3:6). Hithpael: 1. To be arrogant or haughty (Prov. 14:16). 2. To become angry or wroth (Ps. 78:21, 59).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5674

I. עָבַר (approximate number of occurrences: 548) verb — pass over, through, by, pass on.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew עָבַר
• Zinjirli עבר
• Nabataean עבר
• Aramaic עֲבַר
• Syriac עבר
• Assyrian ebêru
• Arabic عبر
• Sabean עבר

— עָבַר Perfect 3 masculine singular Genesis 15:17 +, suffix עֲבָרוֺ Jeremiah 23:9; 1 singular עָבַ֫רְתִּי 1 Samuel 15:24 +; 2 masculine plural עֲבַרְתֶּם Genesis 18:5 +; 1 plural עָבַ֫רְנוּ Joshua 24:17 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעֲבֹר Amos 8:5 +, יַעֲבָרֿ Genesis 33:14 +, suffix 3 masculine singular יַעַבְרֶ֫נּוּ Isaiah 33:21; Isaiah 35:8, יַעַבְרֶ֫נְהוּ Jeremiah 5:22, וַיַּעֲבֹר Genesis 12:6 +; 1 singular אֶעֱבֹר Amos 5:17 +, cohortative אֶעְבְּרָה Numbers 21:22 +, אֶעֱבֹ֑רָה Numbers 20:19; Judges 12:5, etc.; Imperative masculine singular עֲבֹר Exodus 17:5 +; feminine singular עִבְרִי Micah 1:11 2t.; עֲבֹ֑רִי Isaiah 23:12; masculine plural עִבְרוּ Amos 6:2 +; Infinitive absolute עָבוֺר 2 Samuel 17:16; construct עֲבֹר Amos 7:8 +, לַעֲבָרֿ 1 Kings 18:6 + Nahum 2:1 Qr; suffix עָבְרִי Exodus 33:22; Deuteronomy 4:21, etc.; Participle עֹבֵר Judges 8:4 +, etc.

1. Qal Meanings

a. Cross (stream, wady, sea, etc.)

• With accusative: Genesis 31:21 (Elohist Source), Genesis 32:11 (Jehovist Source), Joshua 3:14, 17; Joshua 4:1 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 2:14, Numbers 32:29 (Priests' Code), 2 Samuel 17:20, 22, 24; Isaiah 16:8
• With מַעֲבַר (ford): Genesis 32:23 (Elohist Source)
• With אֶלֿ: Numbers 32:7 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Joshua 4:13 (Priests' Code)

b. Cross border, boundary

• With accusative: Numbers 20:17, Numbers 21:22 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Of invasion: Judges 11:32, 1 Samuel 14:1

c. Overflow (figurative)

• Of invasion like a flood: Isaiah 8:8, Daniel 11:10, Nahum 1:8
• Of evil thoughts: Psalm 73:7, Jeremiah 5:28

d. Overstep, transgress (commands)

• With accusative of covenant: Numbers 14:41, Joshua 7:11, Deuteronomy 17:2, 1 Samuel 15:24, Hosea 6:7, Daniel 9:11

e. Overlook, forgive

• With עַלמֶּֿשַׁע (over transgression): Micah 7:18, Proverbs 19:11, Amos 7:8

f. Pass away, vanish, perish

• Of chaff or shadow: Isaiah 29:5, Psalm 144:4
• Of law or decree: Esther 1:19, Esther 9:27
• Cease to exist: Nahum 1:12, Job 30:15

2. Niphal

— Imperfect 3 masculine singular נַחַל אֲשֶׁר לֹא יֵעָבֵר Ezekiel 47:5 a stream which cannot be forded.

3. Piel

a. Impregnate

• Perfect 3 masculine singular שׁוֺרוֺ עִבַּר Job 21:10 his bull impregnateth (properly causeth to pass over, i.e. semen).

b. Make to pass across

• Imperfect 3 masculine singular 1 Kings 6:21 (+ בְּ) he made to pass across with chains of gold.

4. Hiphil Meanings

— הֶעֱבִיר Perfect 3 masculine singular 2 Samuel 12:13 +; 1 singular הֶעֱבַ֫רְתִּי Zechariah 3:4; Imperfect וַיַּעֲבֵר Genesis 8:1; Imperative הַעֲבֵר Psalm 119:37; Participle מַעֲבִיר Deuteronomy 18:10.

a. Cause to cross

• Genesis 32:24 (Jehovist Source), Joshua 7:7, 2 Samuel 19:16.

b. Dedicate or devote

• Children to heathen gods: Jeremiah 32:35, Leviticus 18:21 (Holiness Code)
• By fire: 2 Kings 23:10, Deuteronomy 18:10, 2 Kings 16:3, Ezekiel 20:31.

c. Cause to pass away, take away

• Take away sin: 2 Samuel 12:13, Job 7:21, Zechariah 3:4
• Put away evil: 1 Kings 15:12, Ecclesiastes 11:10

5. Hithpael (Denominative)

be arrogant, infuriate oneself.

• Perfect 3 masculine singular הִתְעַבָּ֑ר Psalm 78:62
• Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיִּתְעַבֵּר Deuteronomy 3:26
• Participle מִתְעַבֵּר Proverbs 14:16, Proverbs 26:17.

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (Lzb).

³ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB).

Prep-M, Verb Qal participle active masculine plural absolute

LXX: διέβη --- παρελεύσεται διῆλθεν διῆλθον

LXX Usage Statistics

H5674a:

διέβη 21× (3.4%)

--- 18× (3.3%)

παρελεύσεται 16× (2.6%)

διῆλθεν 15× (2.6%)

διῆλθον 14× (2.4%)

διέβησαν 13× (2.1%)

παρῆλθεν 12× (2.1%)

διαβαίνετε 11× (2.0%)

παρελθεῖν 10× (1.8%)

παρήλθομεν 8× (1.4%)

בטח בּטַח

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בטח

beṭach

Definition

properly, a place of refuge; abstract, safety, both the fact (security) and the feeling (trust); often (adverb with or without preposition) safely

Root

from H982 (בטח);

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H983

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֶּטַח

noun masculine • Root בטח • Strongs_Numbers • Page 234

Security, fearlessness, confidence; also used as adverb: without danger, securely, unconcernedly.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H983

I. בֶּטַח (41 times) [noun masculine] — security.

— הַשָּׁקֶט וְהַבֶּטַח Isaiah 32:17 quietness and security = בְּהַשְׁקֵט וּבְבִטְחָה Isaiah 30:15 (but probably both infinitives); elsewhere always adverb; — securely.

1. Noun: security

• Isaiah 32:17 (with quietness)
• Isaiah 30:15 (but probably infinitive)

2. Adverb: securely

a. יָשַׁב לְבֶטַח dwell securely

• Leviticus 25:18
• Leviticus 25:19
• Leviticus 26:5
• Judges 18:7
• 1 Kings 5:5
• Psalm 4:9
• Proverbs 3:29
• Isaiah 47:8
• Jeremiah 32:37
• Jeremiah 49:31
• Ezekiel 28:26
• Ezekiel 34:25
• Ezekiel 34:28
• Ezekiel 38:8
• Ezekiel 38:11
• Ezekiel 38:14
• Ezekiel 39:6
• Ezekiel 39:26
• Zephaniah 2:15
• Zechariah 14:11

b. יָשַׁב בֶּטַח dwell securely

• Deuteronomy 12:10
• 1 Samuel 12:11

c. שָׁכַן לְבֶטַח dwell securely

• Deuteronomy 33:12
• Psalm 16:9
• Jeremiah 23:6
• Jeremiah 33:16

d. שָׁכַן בֶּטַח dwell securely

• Deuteronomy 33:28
• Proverbs 1:33

e. (הָיָה) לְבֶטַח be securely

• Job 24:23
• Ezekiel 34:27

f. הָיָה בֶּטַח be securely

• Judges 8:11

g. הָלַךְ לְבֶטַח walk securely

• Proverbs 3:23

h. הָלַךְ בֶּטַח walk securely

• Proverbs 10:9

i. שָׁכַב לְבֶטַח lie down securely

• Job 11:18
• Hosea 2:20

j. רָבַץ לְבֶטַח lie down securely

• Isaiah 14:30

k. נָחָה לְבֶטַח rest securely

• Psalm 78:53

l. עָבַר בֶּטַח pass securely

• Micah 2:8

m. כּוּשׁ בֶּטַח Cush (dwelling) securely

• Ezekiel 30:9 (pregnant construction, strike out בֶטַח Co¹)

n. וַיָּבֹאוּ עַל הָעִיר בֶּטַח and they came upon the city (dwelling) securely

• Genesis 34:25 (J²)

¹ The brackets indicate that the form enclosed is assumed or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof of gender.

² C. H. Cornill.

³ Jehovist Source.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0983:

No stats available

שובי שׁוּבֵי

turn back

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שוב

shûwb

Definition

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again; ((break, build, circumcise, dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge, make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) [idiom] again, (cause to) answer ([phrase] again), [idiom] in any case (wise), [idiom] at all, averse, bring (again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back), cease, [idiom] certainly, come again (back), [idiom] consider, [phrase] continually, convert, deliver (again), [phrase] deny, draw back, fetch home again, [idiom] fro, get (oneself) (back) again, [idiom] give (again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see) more, [idiom] needs, be past, [idiom] pay, pervert, pull in again, put (again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh, relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve, (cause to, make to) return, reverse, reward, [phrase] say nay, send back, set again, slide back, still, [idiom] surely, take back (off), (cause to, make to) turn (again, self again, away, back, back again, backward, from, off), withdraw.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7725

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 755

to return to

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1389

Intransitive: properly, to turn; to turn away from; to revolve; to come back or revert to; to be restored; to return home; to remain behind.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1391

To turn, turn back, return (intransitive); to turn about, turn away (i.e., not to expect war), to convert, repent, to turn the face, to turn the hand (for attack or protection), to turn away anger (of God or man); to drive back, to withhold, to hinder, to lead back.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Aramaic example of interchange with ת.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Example of interchange of שׁ and ת.

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1390

To turn back, to return (to an earlier state, place, or person). To be converted, to repent (turn to God). Also, to repeat (used commonly with another verb to express the idea of doing again).

שׁוּב

adverb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1390

Again, besides, in addition (used as an adverb, often abridged or associated with the infinitive לָשׁוּב).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שׂוֹב

verb • Root שיב • Page 635

To have gray hairs; see שֵׂיב.

שׁוּב

verb / fut. יָשׁוּב / apoc. יָשֵׁב • Page 657

1. to turn, turn back, return. Gen. 27: 45. 2 Chr. 30: 9. 2. to cease, desist, from a purpose or from evil. Jer. 4: 28. Ezek. 18: 24. 3. to turn back from a person.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Page 658

To turn back, to return. (2) Spoken of things without life, to go or come back (Is. 29:17, Gen. 3:19). (3) Joined with another verb, forms a periphrasis of 'again' or 'anew' (Gen. 30:31 אָשׁוּבָה, 2 K. 1:13 וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּשְׁלַח). (4) Causative, to lead or bring back (Num. 10:36). (5) Particularly in the phrase שׁוּב שְׁבוּת 'to bring back captives' (Ezek. 35:9).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7725

I. שׁוּב (approximate number of occurrences: 1056) verb — turn back, return.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew שׁוּב idem
• Moabite (Mesha Inscription^{8f. 12}) השיב (Hiph`il)
• Sabean תֿיב, התֿב (especially requite)
• Arabic ثاب return
• Aramaic תּוּב, 𐡕𐡅𐡁

— Qal₆₈₅ Perfect שָׁב Genesis 18:33 +, 3 feminine singular שָׁ֫בָה Ruth 1:15 +, וְשָׁבַת consecutive Ezekiel 46:17 (GKC^{§ 72o}), 2 masculine singular שַׁבְתָּ Psalm 85:2; Imperfect יָשׁוּב Hosea 11:5 +, יָשֻׁב Psalm 146:4; Lamentations 3:3, jussive יָשֹׁב Judges 7:3 +, וַיָּ֫שָׁב Genesis 26:18 +; Imperative שׁוּב Genesis 31:3 +, שֻׁב Exodus 4:19, שׁוּ֫בָה Hosea 14:2 +; Infinitive absolute שׁוֺב Genesis 8:3 +, construct שׁוּב Exodus 4:21 +, שֹׁב Joshua 2:16 (GKC^{§ 72q}); Participle שָׁב Genesis 43:18 +, passive construct שׁוּבֵי Micah 2:8.

1. Turn back

• With מִן local Judges 3:19; Judges 8:13
• From following מֵאַחֲרֵי 2 Samuel 11:15; Ruth 1:16
• From pursuing 1 Samuel 17:53; 2 Samuel 2:26, 30
• In fear Job 39:22; Proverbs 30:30
• Figurative of repulse or defeat Psalm 9:4; Psalm 74:21
• From a promise or vow Judges 11:35

2. Return, come or go back

• From person מֵעַל 1 Samuel 17:15; 2 Samuel 10:14
• From foreign land 2 Kings 8:3; Ruth 1:6; Ezra 6:21
• Going back and forth עֹבֵר וָשָׁב Zechariah 7:14; Ezekiel 35:7

3. Return unto

a. Go back

• To person or location Genesis 21:32; Genesis 28:21; Numbers 23:5
• To God (+ אֶל) Exodus 5:22; Exodus 32:31

b. Come back

• To person or location Genesis 8:9; Exodus 24:14
• From exile Joshua 1:15; Zechariah 1:16

4. Of dying and revival

a. Of dying

• To the dust אֶלֿ(הֶ)עָפָר Genesis 3:19; Psalm 104:29; Ecclesiastes 3:20
• To Sheol Psalm 9:18

b. Of revival

• Return to house Job 7:10; 2 Samuel 12:13

5. Figurative of human relations

• Return to leader or king Judges 11:8; 1 Kings 12:27
• Return to state or course of life Isaiah 23:17; Ezekiel 16:55
• Change course of action Jeremiah 34:15; Job 6:29

6. Figurative specifically of spiritual relations

a. Apostatize (turn back from God)

• Numbers 14:43; 1 Samuel 15:11; 1 Kings 9:6

b. Turn back to God (repent)

• Hosea 6:1; Hosea 14:3; 1 Kings 8:33
• Repent (absolute) Isaiah 6:10; Jeremiah 4:1

c. God's anger turning away

• Exodus 32:12; Deuteronomy 13:18; Jonah 3:9

7. Of inanimate things

• Waters Genesis 8:3; Exodus 14:26
• Wind Psalm 78:39; Shadow 2 Kings 20:9
• Sword 2 Samuel 1:22; Word Isaiah 45:23
• Restoration to healthy condition 1 Kings 13:6; Exodus 4:7

8. Denoting repetition

+ verb, return (and) do = do again:

• Genesis 26:18; 1 Samuel 3:5, 6
• Jeremiah 18:4; Malachi 1:4

9. Transitive

In phrase שׁוּב שְׁבוּת restore captivity:

• Isaiah 52:8; Psalm 85:5; Nahum 2:3

— Po`el 1. Bring back: Jeremiah 50:19; Ezekiel 39:27; Isaiah 49:5. 2. Restore, refresh: Psalm 23:3; Isaiah 58:12. 3. Lead away (entice): Ezekiel 38:4; Isaiah 47:10. 4. Apostatize: Jeremiah 8:5.

— Pu`lal Participle feminine מְשׁוֺבֶ֫בֶת Ezekiel 38:8 restored.

— Hiph`il₃₅₃ Perfect הֵשִׁיב Genesis 41:13 +, הֱשִׁיבוֺתָ Psalm 85:4; Imperfect יָשִׁיב Exodus 21:34 +, וַיָּ֫שֶׁב Genesis 20:14 +; Imperative הָשֵׁב Genesis 20:7 +; Infinitive construct הָשִׁיב Genesis 42:35 +.

1. Cause to return, bring back

• From exile 1 Kings 8:34; Jeremiah 27:22
• Recover, rescue Genesis 14:16; Psalm 35:17
• Put back / Draw back: Genesis 29:3; Exodus 4:7; Lamentations 2:3
• Give back, restore, pay back: Genesis 20:14; Deuteronomy 24:13; Leviticus 25:27
• Requital: 1 Samuel 6:8; Psalm 72:10

2. Refreshing and Reporting

• Refresh soul (נֶפֶשׁ) Lamentations 1:11; Psalm 19:8
• Bring back word, report, answer Genesis 37:14; Numbers 22:8; 1 Kings 12:6

3. Turning away and Revoking

• Repel, defeat, reject 2 Kings 18:24; Isaiah 14:27; 1 Kings 2:16
• Turn away face or anger Numbers 25:11; Proverbs 15:1; Psalm 78:38
• Reverse, revoke judgment or blessing Amos 1:3; Numbers 23:20

— Hoph`al Perfect הוּשַׁב Genesis 42:28 returned; Participle הַמּוּשָׁב Genesis 43:12; Imperfect וַיוּשַׁב Exodus 10:8 was brought back.

Aramaic

I. תּוּב (Biblical Hebrew שׁוּב) verb — return.

1. Pe`al return (of brightness or knowledge)
   • Imperfect יְתוּב Daniel 4:33
   • Imperfect Daniel 4:31
2. Haph`el restore, return (answer)
   • Perfect הֲתִיב Daniel 2:14
   • Perfect הֲתִיבוּנָא Ezra 5:11
   • Imperfect יַהֲתִיבוּן Ezra 6:5
   • Infinitive לַהֲתָבוּתָח Daniel 3:16

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

³ Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS).

Verb Qal participle active masculine plural construct

LXX: ἐπέστρεψεν ἀπέστρεψεν ἐπιστρέψαι ἐπιστρέψει ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H7725:

ἐπέστρεψεν 58× (5.0%)

ἀπέστρεψεν 36× (3.2%)

ἐπιστρέψαι 35× (2.9%)

ἐπιστρέψει 30× (2.6%)

'' 24× (2.0%)

ἀποστρέψαι 23× (1.8%)

ἀποστρέψω 21× (1.9%)

ἀνέστρεψεν 21× (1.9%)

πάλιν 21× (1.8%)

ἐπιστρέψω 20× (1.8%)

מלחמה מִלְחָמָה׃

war

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מלחמה

milchâmâh

Definition

a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare)

Root

from H3898 (לחם) (in the sense of fighting);

Exhaustive

from לחם (in the sense of fighting); a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare); battle, fight(-ing), war(-rior).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4421

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִלְחָמָה

noun feminine • Root לחם • Strongs / High • Page 856

war, fight, strife.

מִלְחָמָה

noun / feminine • Root לחם • Strongs / High • Page 857

War, battle. Figuratively used for warriors, weapons of war, armour, antagonism, opposition, a hostile house, and the reward of battle or victory.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִלְחָמָה

noun feminine • Root לחם • Page 379

1. War; עָשָׂה מִלְחָמָה to carry on war. אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה a man of war. 2. Battle, slaughter (Ex. 13:17). 3. By metonymy, a weapon (Ps. 76:4).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4421

I. מִלְחָמָה (approximate number of occurrences: 819) noun feminine — battle, war.

— מִלְחָמָה absolute Genesis 14:2, 8; Exodus 1:10 +; construct מִלְהֶ֫מֶת 1 Samuel 13:22 (מִלְחֲמַת מִכְמָשׁ ¹, ², ³, ⁴, ⁵, ⁶, ⁷ > absolute ⁸ and others); suffix מִלְחַמְתִּי 2 Chronicles 35:21; מִלְחַמְתְּךָ 2 Samuel 11:25; מִלְחַמְתֶּ֑ךָ Isaiah 41:12, etc.; plural מִלְחָמוֺת Isaiah 42:13 7 times in Chronicles, Psalms; construct מִלְחֲמוֺת Judges 3:1 +, etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Battle

• Genesis 14:8
• 1 Samuel 17:1, 2, 8
• 1 Samuel 31:3
• 1 Kings 20:14, 18, 29, 39 + often
• once = battlefield וַיָּבֹאוּ עַד הַמִּלְחָמָה 1 Samuel 14:20 (Kittel, Kautzsch)

b. War

• Genesis 14:2
• Exodus 1:10
• Deuteronomy 20:12
• Joshua 11:23; Joshua 14:15
• 2 Samuel 3:1 (וַתְּהִי הַמִּלְחָמָה אֲרֻכָּה) +
• מִלְחֲמוֺת כְּנָ֑עַן Judges 3:1
• סֵפֶד מִלְחֲמֹת י׳ Numbers 21:14 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• accusative of cognate meaning with verb נלחם 1 Samuel 8:20; 2 Chronicles 32:8; (מִלְחֲמוֺת י׳) 1 Samuel 18:17; 1 Samuel 25:28

c. Art of war, learning/teaching war

• למד מִלְחָמָה learn war Isaiah 2:4 = Micah 4:3
• למּד מִלְחָמָה teach war Judges 3:2
• מְלַמֵּד יָדַי לַמִּלְחָמָה 2 Samuel 22:35 = Psalm 18:35, compare Psalm 144:1
• לְמוּדֵי מִלְחָמָה 1 Chronicles 5:18; מְלֻמְּדֵי מִלְחָמָה Songs 3:8 instructed in war

2. Common Phrases

a. Personnel

• אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה Isaiah 3:2; 1 Samuel 16:18; 1 Samuel 17:33; 2 Samuel 17:8; Ezekiel 39:20; Joshua 17:1 (Priestly Code), of י׳ Exodus 15:3 (poem)
• אַנְשֵׁי הַמִּלְחָמָה Joshua 6:3, 10:24 (Jehovist-Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 2:14, 16; Joshua 5:4, 6 (Deuteronomic Source); Jeremiah 38:4; Numbers 31:28, 49 (Priestly Code)
• אִישׁ מִלְחָמוֺת Isaiah 42:13; אִישׁ מִלְחֲמוּת תֹּעִי 2 Samuel 8:10 a man of battles of Toi, i.e. his frequent opponent ³
• עַם הַמִּלְחָמָה Joshua 8:1, 3, 11; 10:7; 11:7 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

b. Weapons and News

• כְּלֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה Judges 18:11, 17; Jeremiah 21:4; 51:20, also figurative 2 Samuel 1:27
• קֶשֶׁת מִלְחָמָה Zechariah 9:10; 10:4
• דִּבְרֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה news of the battle 2 Samuel 11:18, 19

3. Verb Combinations

• עָרַךְ מִלְחָמָה draw up battle-line Judges 20:22; followed by אֵת with = against Genesis 14:8
• עָשָׂה מִלְחָמָה make war Proverbs 20:18; 24:6; followed by אֵת Genesis 14:2; followed by עִם Deuteronomy 20:12
• קִדַּשׁ מִלְחָמָה consecrate war, i.e. open a campaign with sacred rites Micah 3:5; Jeremiah 6:4; Joel 4:9
• וַתַּעֲלֶה הַמִּלְחָמָה the battle rose (high) 1 Kings 22:35 = 2 Chronicles 18:34
• וַתִּכְבַּד הַמִּלְחָמָה the battle was severe Judges 20:34; 1 Samuel 31:3

¹ Septuagint (LXX).

² Otto Thenius.

³ S. R. Driver, Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel.

⁴ Julius Wellhausen.

⁵ Karl Budde.

⁶ H. P. Smith.

⁷ Heinrich Ewald (Ew).

⁸ Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus (Thes).

Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: πόλεμον πόλεμοσ πολέμου πολέμῳ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H4421:

πόλεμον 114× (34.5%)

πόλεμοσ 44× (13.5%)

πολέμου 34× (10.7%)

πολέμῳ 25× (6.7%)

'' 12× (3.5%)

πολεμιστὴσ 9× (2.9%)

πολεμισταὶ 9× (2.8%)

πολεμιστῶν 6× (1.8%)

pεἰσ 5× (1.7%)

πολεμισταί 5× (1.6%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Aforetime my people for the enemy: he will raise them up from before the garment; ye will put off the wide cloak from those passing by with confidence, turning back the war.

LITV Translation:
Even yesterday My people have risen up like an enemy. You strip off an inner robe from before an outer garment, from those who pass by confidently, those returning from war.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Even beforetime my people withstood him as an enemy against his peace; they have stripped off his skin to remove hope in the conflict of war.