Micah 1:14

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

לכן לָכֵן

therefore

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כן

kên

Definition

properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and relation; often with other particles)

Root

from H3559 (כון);

Exhaustive

from כון; properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and relation; often with other particles); [phrase] after that (this, -ward, -wards), as... as, [phrase] (for-) asmuch as yet, [phrase] be (for which) cause, [phrase] following, howbeit, in (the) like (manner, -wise), [idiom] the more, right, (even) so, state, straightway, such (thing), surely, [phrase] there (where) -fore, this, thus, true, well, [idiom] you.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3651

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כֵּן

adverb • Strongs / High • Page 681

Same as כֹּה, is only met with in the compound אֵי־כֵן (which see), 2 KINGS 6, 13 K‘ri.

כֵּן

noun / adjective / particle • Root כון • Strongs / High • Page 683

A word derived from the root כּוּן, used as a noun, adjective, and particle.

כֵּן

masculine noun / substantive / adverb / particle • Root כון • Strongs / High • Page 708

Properly, standing upright, standing firm. Figuratively: upright, honest. As a substantive or adverb: right, honestly. Also a particle of comparing and confirming: so, thus, just so; of such a nature, of such kind; so much, in such number; referring to time: so long, immediately, forthwith; with confirmation power: certainly, surely, yea; limiting: however, but, yet.

כֵּן

coll. f. • Root כנן • Strongs / High • Page 711

A collective feminine noun, same as כִּנִּים (lice, gnats). The text discusses the proper vocalization based on its defective spelling.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כֵּן

noun • Root כון • Page 320

II. 1. a place. Gen. 40: 13, 41: 13, Dan. 11: 20, 21, 38. 2. a frame, stand, basis. Is. 33: 23, Ex. 30: 18, 28, Lev. 8: 11, 1 K. 7: 31.

כֵּן

unknown • Page 320

III. Is. 51: 6. prob. the sing. of כִּנִּים (q.v.). Others render it 'just so, in like manner'.

כֵּן

participle / adv. • Root כון • Page 319

1. Strictly a participle from כּוּן. Metaphorically: upright, honest, sincere (Gen. 42:11, 19, 31). As an adverb: right, rightly, recte (Num. 27:7, 36:5). 2. As an adverb: (1.) thus, so (Gen. 29:26, Josh. 2:21). (2.) then, therefore (Ps. 48:6).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3651

I. כֵּן adjective — right, veritable, honest (properly firm, upright).

Cognates:

• Syriac recte¹

— כֵּן absolute Exodus 10:29 +; plural כֵּנִים Genesis 42:11, 19, 31, 33, 34.

1. Right

a. Usually indeclinable, often as substantive "a right thing"

• Exodus 10:29 (Jehovist Source) (+ כֵּן דִּבַּרְתָּ)
• Numbers 27:7 (+ כֵּן דֹּבְרֹת) (Priests' Code)
• Numbers 36:5 (Priests' Code)
• Proverbs 28:2 (the) right (i.e. order and justice)
• Judges 12:6 (adverb, aright, of pronunciation)
• Ecclesiastes 8:10 (with verb agendi)
• Psalm 65:10 (right well)

b. With לֹא, as adjective, "not right"

• 2 Kings 17:9 (+ דְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר לֹא־כֵן)
• Proverbs 15:7 (of heart of a fool)
• Jeremiah 23:10
• Jeremiah 8:6 (as substantive)
• 2 Kings 7:9 (+ לֹא־כֵן)

2. Veritable, true

• Proverbs 11:19 (+ כֵּן־צְדָקָה) true righteousness
• Isaiah 16:6 (= Jeremiah 48:30a)
• Joshua 2:4 (in assent, Right! Correct!)

3. Plural concrete, "honest" (men)

• Genesis 42:11, 19, 31, 33, 34 (Elohist Source)

I. כֵּן (approximate number of occurrences: 741) adverb — so (i.e. usually, as has been described or commanded).

Cognates:

• Phoenician כן
• Late Hebrew כן
• Targum כֵּן
• Syriac ken (then)
• Arabic أكن, لكن (but)

— כֶּן־הוּא Genesis 44:10 (4 times).

1. Uses and Phrases

a. General usage (manner, quantity, quality)

• Judges 5:31 (+ כֵּן יֹאבְדוּ)
• Numbers 13:33 (+ וְכֵן הָיִינוּ בְּעֵינֵיהֶם)
• Exodus 10:14 (twice; of quantity)
• 1 Kings 6:26, Ezekiel 41:7

b. Force elicited from context

• 1 Kings 2:7 (with kindness as enjoined)
• Psalm 63:3 (+ חֲזִיתִךָ כֵּן בַּקֹּדֶשׁ)
• Psalm 127:2 (as abundantly)

c. Particular phrases

• וַיְהִי־כֵן and it was so: Genesis 1:7, 9, 11 +
• וַיַּעַשׂ כֵּן and he did so: Genesis 29:28, Genesis 42:20 +
• אִם־כֵּן if it be so: Genesis 25:22, Genesis 43:11
• לֹא־כֵן not so: Numbers 12:7, 2 Samuel 20:21, Psalm 1:4

2. In comparison and agreement

a. כְּ... כֵּן (According to... so)

• Genesis 44:10, Joshua 2:21 (+ כְּדִבְרֵיכֶם כֶּן־הוּא)
• Psalm 103:15 (in similes)

b. כַּאֲשֶׁר... כֵּן (As... so)

• Exodus 7:6, Exodus 12:28 (Priests' Code)
• Exodus 1:12 (the more... the more)

3. With prepositions

a. אַחַר כֵּן / אַחֲרֵי כֵן

Afterwards (see אַחַר).

b. בְּכֵן

Thereupon, then (Late Hebrew): Ecclesiastes 8:10, Esther 4:16.

c. לָכֵן

Therefore (introduces divine declaration): Numbers 16:11, Amos 4:12, Isaiah 7:14 +.

d. עַל־כֵּן

Therefore (regularly assigning origin of name or custom): Genesis 2:24, Genesis 11:9, Exodus 20:11 +.

¹ R. Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus, Oxford, 1879-1901 (PS).

² Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (Kö).

Aramaic

I. כֵּן adverb thus, as follows (Biblical Hebrew כֵּן).

1. usually with verb of saying
   • וְכֵן אֲמַר לֵהּ Daniel 2:24
   • Daniel 2:25, Daniel 4:11, Daniel 6:7, Daniel 7:5, 23
   • Ezra 5:3
   • וְכֵן כְּתִיב בְּגַוַּהּ Ezra 6:2

¹ Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS).

² Répertoire d’Épigraphie Sémitique (RÉS).

Preposition, Adverb

LXX: οὕτωσ τοῦτο ταῦτα --- ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3651c:

οὕτωσ 299× (40.5%)

τοῦτο 278× (32.8%)

ταῦτα 44× (5.0%)

--- 29× (4.0%)

'' 19× (2.2%)

τούτου 15× (1.8%)

ἕνεκεν 11× (1.5%)

οὕτω 8× (1.1%)

ὡσαύτωσ 8× (1.1%)

εἵνεκεν 6× (0.8%)

תתני תִּתְּנִי

you are giving

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

נתן

nâthan

Definition

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.); add, apply, appoint, ascribe, assign, [idiom] avenge, [idiom] be (healed), bestow, bring (forth, hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, [phrase] cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, [idiom] doubtless, [idiom] without fail, fasten, frame, [idiom] get, give (forth, over, up), grant, hang (up), [idiom] have, [idiom] indeed, lay (unto charge, up), (give) leave, lend, let (out), [phrase] lie, lift up, make, [phrase] O that, occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, [idiom] pull, put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send (out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), [phrase] sing, [phrase] slander, strike, (sub-) mit, suffer, [idiom] surely, [idiom] take, thrust, trade, turn, utter, [phrase] weep, [phrase] willingly, [phrase] withdraw, [phrase] would (to) God, yield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5414

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 755

to give, bestow

נָתַן

verb • Root נתן • Strongs / High • Page 999

A verb with a wide range of meanings, primarily: 1. to give, to hand over, to deliver, to deal out, to perform, to permit, to sell. 2. to set, to place, to lay, to erect, to appoint, to establish. It is used in numerous idiomatic phrases such as 'to give up to one's care' (נָתַן עַל־יַד), 'to bear or bring fruit' (נָתַן פְּרִי), 'to flee' (נָתַן עֹרֶף), 'to give favour' (נָתַן חֵן), 'to stretch forth the hand' (נָתַן יָד), 'to deliver into one's power' (נָתַן בְּיַד), and 'to give up to the sword' (נָתַן לְחֶרֶב).

נָתַן

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1000

To give, put, set, lay upon, impute guilt, apply the mind, make, or treat as. In Niphal: to be given, delivered, published, set, take place, or become. In Hophal: to be given, put, poured, or suspended.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָתַן

verb • Page 463

1. To give (Prov. 13:10, Josh. 15:19). Phrases: מִי יִתֵּן 'who will give?' used as an expression of a wish (Ps. 55:7, Ex. 16:3, Deut. 28:67). 2. To lay, set, place (Gen. 1:17, 9:13, Ps. 119:110, Ezek. 26:8). 3. To make or do (Ex. 7:9, Gen. 17:4, Jer. 1:5, Is. 41:2). 4. To permit, allow, grant (Gen. 20:6, Ex. 3:19, Judg. 1:34, 15:1, 1 Sam. 18:2, Job 9:18, 2 Chr. 20:10). 5. To give forth, yield, or utter; e.g., a smell or sound (Cant. 1:12, Job 1:22, Ps. 81:3). 6. To hold or regard (1 K. 10:27, Gen. 42:30, 1 Sam. 1:16). Includes Niph. and Hoph. (to be given, placed, or made).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5414

I. נָתַן (approximate number of occurrences: 2007) verb — give, put, set.

Cognates:

• Ecclesiasticus נתן
• Old Hebrew נתןיֿהו
• Phoenician יתן, נתן
• Assyrian nadânu
• Zinjirli נתן
• Nabataean ינתן
• Palmyrene יתן
• Targum יִתֵּן
• Sabean נתן
• Syriac נתן

— נָתַן absolute Genesis 24:53 +; 2 masculine singular נָתַ֫תָּ Judges 15:18, נָתַ֫תָּה Genesis 3:12; 1 singular נָתַ֫תִּי Judges 1:2; Imperfect יִּתֵּן Genesis 43:14; Imperative תֵּן 2 Kings 4:42; Infinitive absolute נָתוֺן Deuteronomy 15:10; construct תֵּת Genesis 4:12; Participle נֹתֵן Judges 21:18.

1. Give

a. Deliver or hand to personally

• 1 Samuel 10:4
• Leviticus 5:16 (Priests' Code)
• Genesis 21:14 (Elohist Source)

b. Bestow upon, grant, or procure for

• Genesis 24:53 (Yahwist Source)
• 1 Kings 3:9 (an understanding heart)
• Deuteronomy 12:15 (blessing)
• Genesis 15:18 (of land to descendants)

c. Give woman to man as wife

• Genesis 29:28 (Elohist Source)
• Joshua 15:16–17

f. Who will give? (wish expression)

• (+ מִי יִתֵּן) Deuteronomy 28:67
• Job 14:4
• Exodus 16:3 (Priests' Code)

n. Pay wages or price

• Genesis 30:18 (Elohist Source)
• Jonah 1:3 (passage-money)
• Exodus 21:32 (fine)

x. Utter a sound or voice

• (+ קוֺל) Jeremiah 4:16
• Genesis 45:2 (Elohist Source)
• Amos 1:2 (of Jehovah in thunder)

2. Put, set

a. Literally (put or set on, in, or before)

• Genesis 41:42 (ring on hand)
• Jeremiah 29:26 (in stocks)
• Exodus 40:5 (before)

b. Figurative uses

• Isaiah 42:1 (spirit upon him)
• Deuteronomy 11:29 (blessing on mountain)
• Genesis 39:21 (Yahwist Source; favour in eyes)

3. Make, constitute

a. With double accusative

• Isaiah 3:4 (make boys princes)
• Genesis 17:5 (Priests' Code)

Niph`al — Perfect נִתַּן Isaiah 9:5; Imperfect יִנָּתֵן Exodus 5:18.

1. Be given

• Joshua 24:33 (bestowed upon)
• Genesis 38:14 (given as wife)
• 2 Kings 18:30 (given into power of)

Hoph`al — Imperfect יֻתַּן 1 Kings 2:21.

• Numbers 32:5 (Priests' Code)
• 2 Samuel 21:6 (delivered up)

Aramaic

I. נְתַן (compare Biblical Hebrew נָתַן) verb give.

1. Pe`al Imperfect
   • יִנְתִּן Daniel 2:16
   • suffix יִתְּנִנַּהּ Daniel 4:15
2. give, allow time
   • Daniel 2:16
3. give, pay
   • Ezra 4:13

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB).

³ Lidzbarski, Ephemeris für semitische Epigraphik (Lzb).

Verb Qal imperfect second person feminine singular

LXX: ἔδωκεν δώσω δοῦναι δώσει ἔδωκαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H5414:

ἔδωκεν 299× (14.0%)

δώσω 178× (8.2%)

δοῦναι 93× (4.4%)

δώσει 88× (4.2%)

ἔδωκαν 77× (3.6%)

ἔδωκα 70× (3.3%)

δέδωκα 57× (2.9%)

'' 51× (2.2%)

δώσεισ 51× (2.4%)

παρέδωκεν 46× (2.1%)

שלוחים שִׁלּוּחִים

dismissals/sent away ones

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שלוח

shillûwach

Definition

(only in plural) a dismissal, i.e. (of a wife) divorce (especially the document); also (of a daughter) dower

Root

or שלח; from H7971 (שלח);

Exhaustive

or שלח; from שלח; (only in plural) a dismissal, i.e. (of a wife) divorce (especially the document); also (of a daughter) dower; presents, have sent back.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7964

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שִׁלּוּחַ

noun proper • Root שלח • Strongs / High • Page 1431

Proper name derivation.

שִׁלּוּחַ

noun masculine • Root שלח • Strongs / High • Page 1431

The putting away, of a wife (properly infinitive Piel).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁלוּחַ

particle • Root שלח • Page 677

Stretched, slim, slender (Gen. 49:21).

שִׁלּוֹחַ

proper name • Page 678

Siloah, a spring and conduit on the southwest of Jerusalem. Is. 8: 6. in the Sept. and Josephus, Σιλωάμ ; so in the N. T. John 9: 7. Vulg. Siloe.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7964

שִׁלּוּחִים noun masculine plural — sending away, parting gift.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Sending away

• אַחר שִׁלוּחֶיהָ Exodus 18:2 (Jehovist Source) after she had been sent away

b. Parting gift

• שִׁלֻּחִים 1 Kings 9:16 he gave (city) as parting gift (i.e. dowry) to his daughter
• compare figurative שִׁלּוּחִים Micah 1:14 thou shalt give a parting gift (= say farewell to, lose) Morešeth of Gath

¹ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H7964:

No stats available

על עַל

upon/against/yoke

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

מורשת מוֹרֶשֶׁת

the occupation/possession

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מורשת גת

Môwresheth Gath

Definition

Moresheth-Gath, a place in Palestine

Root

from H3423 (ירש) and H1661 (גת); possession of Gath;

Exhaustive

from ירש and גת; possession of Gath; Moresheth-Gath, a place in Palestine; Moresheth-gath.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4182

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גַּת

noun proper • Root גנן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 344

A Philistine chief city, the principal of the five princely cities, and the birthplace of Goliath.

Matched via consonantal key only

גַּת

noun feminine • Root נגת • Consonantal / Medium • Page 344

A tub, hole, case, hence a wine-press; rarely a place where wheat was threshed.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מוֹרֶשֶׁת גַּת

noun proper • Page 364

A place in the neighbourhood of Eleutheropolis, the birth place of the prophet Micah (Mic. 1:14). Gentile noun: מוֹרַשְׁתִּי.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4182

I. מוֺרֶ֫שֶׁת (approximate number of occurrences: 1) proper name, of a location — Moresheth.

— מוֺרֶ֫שֶׁת Micah 1:14; apparently in neighbourhood of Gath (גַּת vocative, according to Wellhausen¹; > most, who render Moresheth of Gath); probably home of prophet Micah, see מוֺרַשְׁתִּי.

¹ Julius Wellhausen (We).

Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H4182:

No stats available

גת גַּת

Winepress

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מורשת גת

Môwresheth Gath

Definition

Moresheth-Gath, a place in Palestine

Root

from H3423 (ירש) and H1661 (גת); possession of Gath;

Exhaustive

from ירש and גת; possession of Gath; Moresheth-Gath, a place in Palestine; Moresheth-gath.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4182

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גַּת

noun proper • Root גנן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 344

A Philistine chief city, the principal of the five princely cities, and the birthplace of Goliath.

Matched via consonantal key only

גַּת

noun feminine • Root נגת • Consonantal / Medium • Page 344

A tub, hole, case, hence a wine-press; rarely a place where wheat was threshed.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מוֹרֶשֶׁת גַּת

noun proper • Page 364

A place in the neighbourhood of Eleutheropolis, the birth place of the prophet Micah (Mic. 1:14). Gentile noun: מוֹרַשְׁתִּי.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4182

I. מוֺרֶ֫שֶׁת (approximate number of occurrences: 1) proper name, of a location — Moresheth.

— מוֺרֶ֫שֶׁת Micah 1:14; apparently in neighbourhood of Gath (גַּת vocative, according to Wellhausen¹; > most, who render Moresheth of Gath); probably home of prophet Micah, see מוֺרַשְׁתִּי.

¹ Julius Wellhausen (We).

Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H4182:

No stats available

בתי בָּתֵּי

houses

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בית

bayith

Definition

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

Root

probably from H1129 (בנה) abbreviated;

Exhaustive

probably from בנה abbreviated; a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.); court, daughter, door, [phrase] dungeon, family, [phrase] forth of, [idiom] great as would contain, hangings, home(born), (winter) house(-hold), inside(-ward), palace, place, [phrase] prison, [phrase] steward, [phrase] tablet, temple, web, [phrase] within(-out).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1004

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בִּית

verb • Root בית • Consonantal / Medium • Page 230

To pass the night.

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine • Root בות • Consonantal / Medium • Page 237

house in the widest sense, consequently also tent, hut, tower, palace, temple

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine (aramaic) • Consonantal / Medium • Page 239

The same [as Hebrew 'house']; king's house; temple; treasury; banquet-house.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בַּּיִת

noun • Page 97

A city of Moab, Is. 15:2. Elsewhere written more in full as בֵּית בַּעַל מְעוֹן.

בַּיִת

noun masculine • Root בות • Page 96

1. House, dwelling (Gen. 15:3, Ecc. 2:7). 2. Tent (Gen. 33:17, 2 K. 23:7). 3. Palace, temple (Gen. 12:15, 1 Sam. 5:2, 1 K. 4:6, Is. 14:18). 4. Applied to part of a house or palace, e.g., banqueting-hall (Est. 7:8) or harem (Est. 2:3). 5. Repository, place, or container of any thing, e.g., smelling bottles (Is. 3:20), places for staves (Ex. 26:29), spider's web (Job 8:14), trench (1 K. 18:32), or tomb (Neh. 2:3). 6. The inner part, within (Ex. 28:26, Gen. 6:14). 7. Figuratively: family, kindred, tribe, people (Ex. 12:4, Gen. 7:1, Hos. 8:1). 8. Particularly posterity (Ruth 4:11, 2 Sam. 7:27). 9. Strictly one's father's house (Gen. 24:23, 46:31, Num. 1:2).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1004

I. בַּיִת (approximate number of occurrences: 2034) noun masculine Deuteronomy 8:12 — house.

Cognates:

• Phoenician בית
• MI בית
• Suffix ביתיה
• Arabic الحمد
• Aramaic בַּיְתָא
• Assyrian bītu
• COT Gloss
• Sabean בית, בת
• Fortress DHM ZMG 1883, 387
• Temple Hal 257 DHM ZMG 1876, 697
• Ethiopic ብር Palmyrene in בית עלמא, בית מקברתא sepulchre Vog 32, 64 and others

Etymology dubious; Thes √ בות, Aramaic בּוּת,ܠܐ spend the night, Arabic باب Ethiopic አርትስ but this perhaps denominative, & בית from √ לרץ with ת afform. compare Sta §187 a

— בַּיִת absolute Exodus 12:30 +; בָּיִת Genesis 33:17 +; בַּיִתָה (ָה locative) Psalm 68:7 +; construct בֵּית Genesis 12:15 +; suffix בֵּיתִי Genesis 15:2 +; בֵּיתְךָ Genesis 7:1 +, etc.; הַבַּיִתָה, בַּיִתָה (in) to the house, homeward, Genesis 19:10; Psalm 68:7 +; also בֵּיתָה (in) to the house of ...; plural בָּתִּים Exodus 1:21 + (i.e. battîm, see Nöldeke in Mei Archaeology i. 456 f., compare Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §96); construct בָּתֵּי Exodus 8:17 +; suffix בָּתֶּיךָ Exodus 10:6; בָּתֵּיו 1 Chronicles 28:11; בָּתֵּינוּ Exodus 12:27 +; בָּתֵּיכֶם Genesis 42:19; בָּתֵּיהֶם Numbers 16:32 +; ( בָּתֵּימוֹ Psalm 49:12), etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. House as dwelling habitation

• Genesis 19:2, 3, 4, 11
• Genesis 27:15
• Genesis 33:17 (object of בָּנָה)
• Exodus 12:7 + often
• מִשְׁבַּת בָּתִּים Leviticus 25:29 (compare בַּיִת לְשִׁבְתִּיִם 2 Samuel 7:5)
• Deuteronomy 6:9
• Deuteronomy 11:20
• Joshua 2:15
• Judges 16:26 f.
• Supported by pillars 2 Samuel 11:12 etc.
• See especially temple and king's house in Jerusalem 1 Kings 5-7 etc.
• Compare Song of Solomon 1:7
• Jeremiah 22:14
• Of Ezekiel's temple Ezekiel 40 f.
• בָּתֵּי סְפוּנִים of luxurious houses Haggai 1:4
• בָּנָה בָּתִּים טוֹבִים Deuteronomy 8:12
• בָּנָה בַּיִת חָדָשׁ Deuteronomy 20:5
• Compare Deuteronomy 22:8
• Also with בָּנָה Deuteronomy 28:30 + often
• Particularly in J occasionally of tent Genesis 27:15
• Compare Genesis 33:17 (with בָּנָה; here of nomad's hut)
• Usually of solid materials, with doorposts, etc. Exodus 12:7
• Walls Leviticus 14:37, 39, of stones, timber & mortar Leviticus 14:45 (compare Leviticus 14:40; 42; 43)
• So also Joshua 2:15
• With roof on which one could walk 2 Samuel 11:12 etc.
• Of cedar בֵּית אֲרָזִים 2 Samuel 7:2, 7 = 1 Chronicles 17:1 ( בֵּית הָא 1 Chronicles 17:6)
• בֵּית הַשֶּׁנִי 1 Kings 22:39 compare Amos 3:15
• בֵּית יַעַר הַלְּבָנוֹן 1 Kings 7:2
• 2 Chronicles 9:20
• בֵּית הַיַּעַר Isaiah 22:8
• Before word of quality or characteristic, בֵּית אֵבֶל Ecclesiastes 7:2 "" בֵּית מִשְׁתֶּה Ecclesiastes 7:4 "" בֵּית שִׂמְחָה
• בֵּית מַרְזֵחַ Jeremiah 16:5
• בֵּית מִשְׁתֶּה Jeremiah 16:8
• בֵּית חֲמֻדֹּתִי Ezekiel 26:12
• בֵּית תַּעֲנוּגֵי הָהָּ Micah 2:9
• Compare בֵּית מְרִי rebellious house below 5 d below

b. House as shelter or abode of animals

• 1 Samuel 6:7, 10 compare Exodus 9:19
• בֵּית עַכָּבִישׁ spider's web Job 8:14 (compare בָּנָה כָּעָשׁ בֵּיתוֹ Job 27:18)
• צִמְּרוֹר מָצָא הָה בֵּיתוֹ Psalm 84:4 ("" קֵן)
• חֲסִידָה בְּרוֹשִׁים בֵּיתָה Psalm 104:17 (compare "" & Cheyne)
• Proverbs 30:26 (of the שְׁפַנִּים 'conies')

c. Figurative of human bodies

• בָּתֵּי חֹמֶר houses of clay Job 4:19, compare in phrase שֹׁמְרֵי הַבַּיִת keepers of the house, i.e. the arms Ecclesiastes 12:3
• See further בֵּית מְגוּרִי Psalm 119:54

d. Of Sheol

• שְׁאוֹל בֵּיתִי Job 17:13, compare בֵּית מוֹעֵד לְכָל חָי Job 30:23 ("" מָוֶת)
• בֵּית עוֹלָם Ecclesiastes 12:5 (perhaps = tomb, see Delitzsch)

e. Of abode of light & darkness

• Job 38:20

f. Of land of Ephraim as Yahweh's house

• Hosea 8:1
• Hosea 9:15 (compare בֵּית אָרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל Hosea 9:3)

g. Place

• Of Jerusalem בֵּית קִבְרוֹת אֲבֹתִי Nehemiah 2:3 ("" עִיר Nehemiah 2:5), compare also proper name compounded with בֵּית, below, & בֵּית מַמְלָכָה Amos 7:13 (predicate of Bethel)
• בֵּית נְתִיבוֹת Proverbs 8:2 i.e. where paths meet RV
• אֲבָנִים בֵּית Job 8:17
• On both these see בֵּית below [בַּיִן] p. 108

h. Receptacle

• תְּעָלָה כְּבֵּית שְׁנֵי סְאִים a trench like a receptacle of two seahs 1 Kings 18:32
• בָּתֵּי נֵפֶשׁ vials of perfume Isaiah 3:20
• Especially בָּתִּים לְבַדִּים holders for the staves, i.e. rings, טַבָּעַת ib.; so Exodus 25:27; Exodus 37:14, 27; Exodus 38:5; compare בָּתִּים לְבַרִּיחִים Exodus 26:29; Exodus 36:34 holders for the bars (all P, & all explained by טַבָּעַת)
• בֵּית לָהָה סָבִיב its [construct as Psalm 58:5] house (= enclosing cage) was round about (strike out B Hi Co) Ezekiel 1:27

i. House as containing a family, hence household, family

• יְלִידֵי בֵּיתוֹ Genesis 14:14
• Compare Genesis 17:12 (opposed to מִקְנַת כַּסְפֶּךָ) Genesis 17:13 (all "" id.) figurative of Israel Jeremiah 2:14 ("" עֶבֶד)
• Compare בֶּן בֵּיתִי Genesis 15:3
• בְּנֵי בַּיִת הָיָה לִי Ecclesiastes 2:7 (as token of wealth & prosperity)
• Of one's sister מוֹלֶדֶת בַּיִת Leviticus 18:19 ("" חוּץ בָּמָה compare below)
• אֲנָשִׁים בֵּיתוֹ Genesis 17:27
• בְּנֵי בַּיִת Genesis 36:6
• כָּל נֶפֶשׁ לְבֵית יַעֲקֹב Genesis 46:27

j. Household, family (592 times)

• Ordinary sense, those belonging to the same household Genesis 7:1
• Genesis 12:1, 17 +, Deuteronomy 6:22
• Deuteronomy 11:6 +
• Hexateuch mostly J D
• E Genesis 35:2
• Genesis 42:33
• Genesis 50:22 compare Exodus 1:21 below
• P Genesis 36:6
• Exodus 1:1
• Exodus 12:4
• Leviticus 16:6, 11, 17
• Numbers 16:32
• Numbers 18:31
• Joshua 22:15
• Even where expressly said to inhabit tents Numbers 16:32
• Deuteronomy 11:6 אֶת בָּתֵּיהֶם וְאֶת אֲהָלֵיהֶם
• Specifically בֶּן זָקֵן בָּתִּי Genesis 24:2
• Compare Genesis 50:7 (of rank & dignity in household)
• Of a family of handicraftsmen מִשְׁפְּחוֹת בֵּית עֲבֹדַת הַבּוּץ 1 Chronicles 4:21 (see בּוּץ)
• Also, with figurative of house clearly in mind בְּמִשְׁקָלַת בָּתִּי 2 Kings 21:13
• בֵּית מִשְׁפָּתַי 2 Samuel 7:27
• Compare especially with proper name, e.g. בֵּית שָׁאוּל 2 Samuel 3:1 (twice in verse)
• 2 Samuel 3:6 (twice in verse)
• 2 Samuel 3:8, 10
• 2 Samuel 9:1, 2, 3, 9
• 2 Samuel 16:5 ( בֵּית שָׁאוּל בְּמִשְׁפָּחַת בָּתִּי )
• 2 Samuel 16:8
• 2 Samuel 19:18 (compare 2 Samuel 21:1 where read וְאֵל בֵּית דָּמִים so We Dr)
• 1 Chronicles 12:29
• בֵּית דָּוִד 2 Samuel 3:1, 6
• 2 Samuel 7:26 = 1 Chronicles 17:24 (compare context in both)
• 1 Kings 12:19 2 Chronicles 10:19, 20
• 2 Chronicles 10:26
• 2 Kings 17:21
• Isaiah 7:2, 13
• Jeremiah 21:12
• Zechariah 12:7, 8, 10, 12 ( בֵּית דָּוִד בְּמִשְׁפָּחַת בָּתִּי )
• Psalm 122:5
• יַרְבְּעָם בָּתִּי 1 Kings 13:34
• 1 Kings 14:10 (twice in verse)
• 1 Kings 14:13, 14
• 1 Kings 15:29
• 1 Kings 16:3
• 1 Kings 21:22
• 2 Kings 9:9
• 2 Kings 10:10, 11
• 2 Kings 21:13
• Micah 6:16
• 2 Chronicles 21:6
• 2 Chronicles 21:13
• 2 Chronicles 22:3
• 2 Chronicles 22:4
• 2 Chronicles 22:7
• 2 Chronicles 22:8
• Etc.

k. Especially of Hebrew people & subdivisions

• בֵּית יִשְׂחָק Amos 7:16
• עָשָׂו בָּתִּי Obadiah 1:18 (twice in verse)
• בֵּית יַעֲקֹב Genesis 46:27 (P) Exodus 19:3 (E) Amos 3:13
• Amos 9:8
• Micah 2:7
• Obadiah 1:17, 18
• Isaiah 8:17
• Isaiah 10:20
• Isaiah 14:1
• Isaiah 29:22
• Isaiah 46:3
• Isaiah 48:1
• Isaiah 58:1
• Jeremiah 2:4, 26 17 times Jeremiah
• Ezekiel 3:1, 4, 5, 7 (twice in verse) 75 times Ezekiel
• Also בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהוָה Ezekiel 9:9 + Ezekiel 25:8 Co
• יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּזֶרַע בָּתִּי Jeremiah 23:8
• Ezekiel 44:22 (Co strike out בֵּית)
• שְׁנֵי בָּתֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל Isaiah 8:14
• בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּזֶרַע בָּתִּי Ezekiel 20:5 (strike out Co)
• Most frequently בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל (Vrss & variant reading sometimes בֶּן see בֶּן) Hexateuch Exodus 16:31
• Exodus 40:38
• Leviticus 10:6
• Numbers 20:29 (all P)
• Leviticus 17:3, 8, 10
• Leviticus 22:18 (H)
• Joshua 21:43 (D)
• 1 Samuel 7:2 8 times Samuel Kings
• Hosea 1:4, 6
• Hosea 5:1
• Hosea 6:10
• Hosea 12:1
• 7 times Amos
• Micah 1:5
• Micah 3:1, 9
• Isaiah 5:7
• Isaiah 14:2
• Also Isaiah 46:3
• Isaiah 63:7
• Zechariah 8:13
• But especially Jeremiah 2:4, 26 17 times Jeremiah
• Ezekiel 3:1, 4, 5, 7 (twice in verse) 75 times Ezekiel
• Also בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהוָה Ezekiel 9:9 + Ezekiel 25:8 Co
• בֵּית מְרִי rebellious house (of Israel) Ezekiel 2:5, 6
• Ezekiel 3:9, 26, 27
• Ezekiel 12:2, 3
• & הַמְּרִי בָּתִּי Ezekiel 2:8
• Ezekiel 12:2, 9, 25
• Ezekiel 17:12
• Ezekiel 24:3 [+ Ezekiel 44:6 Co]
• בֵּית יְהוּדָה 2 Samuel 2:4, 7, 10, 11
• 1 Kings 12:21 2 Chronicles 11:1
• 2 Kings 19:30 = Isaiah 37:31
• Isaiah 22:21
• Hosea 1:7
• Hosea 5:12, 14
• Zephaniah 2:7
• Zechariah 8:13, 15, 19
• Zechariah 10:3, 6
• Zechariah 12:4
• & especially Jeremiah 3:18 9 times Jeremiah
• Ezekiel 4:6 4 times Ezekiel + Ezekiel 9:9 above
• Also יְהוּדָה וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּתִּי 1 Kings 12:23
• מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה בָּתִּי Jeremiah 21:11
• Jeremiah 22:6
• יֹסֵף בָּתִּי Genesis 50:8
• Joshua 17:17
• Joshua 18:5 (all J E)
• Judges 1:22, 23, 35
• 2 Samuel 19:21
• 1 Kings 11:28
• Amos 5:6
• Obadiah 1:18
• Zechariah 10:6
• אֶפְרַיִם בָּתִּי Judges 10:9
• בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּתִּי 2 Samuel 3:19 compare 1 Kings 12:23 above
• לֵוִי בָּתִּי Exodus 2:1 (E) Numbers 17:23 (P) Zechariah 12:13 ( בֵּית לֵוִי בְּמִשְׁפָּחַת בָּתִּי )
• Psalm 135:20
• אַהֲרֹן בָּתִּי Psalm 115:10
• Psalm 115:12
• Psalm 118:3
• Psalm 135:19

l. Technically, yet with some looseness of usage, בֵּית אָב father's house, of family or clan, plural בָּתֵּי אָבוֹת father-houses, families (e.g. Numbers 1:2) (79 times; only P & Chronicles)

• Exodus 6:14
• Exodus 12:3
• Numbers 1:2, 4, 18 41 times Numbers
• Joshua 22:14 (twice in verse)
• 1 Chronicles 4:38
• 1 Chronicles 5:13 25 times Chronicles
• Ezra 2:59
• Ezra 10:16
• Nehemiah 7:61
• Nehemiah 10:35
• = tribe Numbers 17:17 (twice in verse)
• Numbers 17:18
• Numbers 17:21
• = main division of tribe Numbers 3:20, 24 +, compare Numbers 34:14 (twice in verse) etc.
• Further sub-division Exodus 12:3
• 1 Chronicles 7:2, 7 +
• Compare especially 1 Chronicles 23:11 Jeush and Beriah had not many sons, therefore they became לְבֵית אָב לְפִקֻּדָּה אַחַת (compare רָאשֵׁי אָבוֹת, below אָב)

m. House, including household affairs, persons, property, etc.

• וַיִּפְקְדֵהוּ עַל בֵּיתוֹ Genesis 39:4 compare Genesis 39:5
• אֲשֶׁר עַל בֵּיתוֹ Genesis 44:1, 4
• Hence אִישׁ עַל הַבַּיִת as title of governor of the palace (Ewald H iii. 269) Isaiah 22:15
• Isaiah 36:3 compare 1 Kings 4:6
• 2 Kings 15:5
• In Israel 1 Kings 16:9
• 1 Kings 18:3
• 2 Kings 10:5
• Further 2 Samuel 17:23
• 2 Kings 20:1 = Isaiah 38:1
• Hence of personal property 1 Kings 13:8 אִם תִּתֶּן לִי אֶת חֲצִי בֵּיתֶךָ
• Family and property (everything on which one depends) Job 8:15

n. בַּיִתָה, בָּיְתָה, literally housewards, hence metaphor inwards

• Exodus 28:26 = Exodus 39:19 (that is, of the ephod)
• 1 Kings 7:25 2 Chronicles 4:4 (that is, of the circle of oxen supporting the molten sea)
• 2 Samuel 5:9 מִן הַמִּלּוֹא וָבָיְתָה from the Millo and inward
• Ezekiel 44:17

o. מִבַּיִת a. adverb on the inside (of a building, chest, etc.: opposed to מִחוּץ)

• Genesis 6:14
• Exodus 25:11 = Exodus 37:2
• Leviticus 14:41
• 1 Kings 6:15, 16
• 2 Kings 6:30 (of a person's clothes)
• Ezekiel 7:15
• So with ה locative מִבַּיִתָה 1 Kings 6:15

p. מִבַּיִת לְ (construct Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §130, 1 n.) preposition within (opposed to מִחוּץ לְ)

• מִבַּיִת לַמִּשְׁכָּן within the veil Exodus 26:33
• Leviticus 16:2, 12
• Numbers 18:7 לְכָל דְּבַר הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וּלְמִבַּיִת לַמִּשְׁכָּן for everything of the altar, and for (that) within the veil
• 1 Kings 7:8, 31
• (read לְכַתְּפֹת; see VB & Stade ZAW 1883, 165)
• אֵלִים מִבַּיִת לְ (after a verb of motion) in within Leviticus 16:15
• 2 Kings 11:15 2 Chronicles 23:14

Note. — בית perhaps occurs abbreviated into ב in proper name בְּעֶשְׁתְּרוֹת q. v. so Thes and others; compare also Aramaic בּא = בית in like usage Lag Armen. Stud. §339; Se i. 51; GGA 1884, 276. בֵּית הַגָּן proper name, of a location? א5 Βαιθαν (Βαιθαγαν), א5 L Βαιθωρων, 2 Kings 9:27; modern Jenîn? see גַּן, below גָּן, and עֵין גַּנִּים; compare Stade Gesch i. 542. כְּלוּא Kt, כְּלִיאָה Qr noun [masculine] id.; — בֵּית הַכֶּלֶא Jeremiah 37:4; Jeremiah 52:31 (see כֶּלֶא above)

II. [בַּיִת] noun [feminine] suffix בֵּיתֶּךְ Ezekiel 16:36 where context favours meaning lust, harlotry.

III. בַּיִת 44 noun masculine Ezra 6:7 house (Biblical Hebrew בַּיִת); — emphatic בֵּיתָא Ezra 5:3 +, תָּא - Ezra 5:12; Ezra 6:15; construct בֵּית( Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:2 +; suffix בֵּיתִי Daniel 4:1 (Baer n., compare M §76 c; van d. H. Gi בֵּיתִי), בֵּיתָה Daniel 2:17 +; plural suffix בָּתֵּיכוֹן Daniel 2:5; — 1 house, of men: Ezra 6:11 (twice in verse); Daniel 2:5,17; Daniel 3:29; Daniel 6:11; of king Ezra 6:4; Daniel 4:4, מִשְׁתְּיָא בֵּית Daniel 5:10, גִּנְזַיָּא דִּי מַלְכָּא בֵּית Ezra 5:17, compare Ezra 7:20 = בֵּית סִפְרַיָּא וְגִנְזַיָּא בֵּית Ezra 6:1; מַלְכִין בֵּית Ezra 4:30 royal residence (of Babylonian). 2 house of God, temple at Jerusalem Daniel 5:3,23; Ezra 4:24 28 times Ezra.

¹ K. Albrecht

² M. Lidzbarski 322

³ D. H. Müller

⁴ Nöldeke in Mei Archaeology i. 456 f.

⁵ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar §96

⁶ J

⁷ Driver Sm 29, n. 2

⁸ Vog 32, 64

⁹ DHM ZMG 1883, 387

¹⁰ Hal 257 DHM ZMG 1876, 697

¹¹ Palmyrene in בית עלמא, בית מקברתא sepulchre Vog 32, 64 and others

¹² Thes √ בות, Aramaic בּוּת,ܠܐ spend the night, Arabic باب Ethiopic አርትስ but this perhaps denominative, & בית from √ לרץ with ת afform. compare Sta §187 a

¹³ Ew H iii.718 & Klo

¹⁴ VB & Sta ZAW 1883, 165

¹⁵ We Dr

¹⁶ Co

¹⁷ Hi Co

¹⁸ B Hi Co

¹⁹ Lag Armen. Stud. §339; Se i. 51; GGA 1884, 276

²⁰ Wetzst Hauran 110 Kampffmeyer ZPV xv (1892). 111

²¹ Stade Gesch i. 542

²² Baer n., compare M §76 c; van d. H. Gi

²³ [] Indicates that the form enclosed is not actually found (assumed/reconstructed) or that the Hebrew offers no positive proof (gender).

²⁴ † Hapax Legomenon (occurs only once in Scripture).

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: οἶκον οἴκου οἴκῳ οἶκοσ pεἰσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1004b:

οἶκον 503× (20.8%)

οἴκου 413× (18.3%)

οἴκῳ 323× (12.8%)

οἶκοσ 163× (7.1%)

pεἰσ 92× (4.6%)

οἴκουσ 89× (3.7%)

οἰκίαν 75× (3.1%)

pἐν 70× (3.4%)

--- 57× (2.8%)

'' 54× (2.3%)

אכזיב אַכְזִיב

Deception ("Achzib")

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אכזיב

ʼAkzîyb

Definition

Akzib, the name of two places in Palestine

Root

from H391 (אכזב); deceitful (in the sense of a winter-torrent which fails in summer);

Exhaustive

from אכזב; deceitful (in the sense of a winter-torrent which fails in summer); Akzib, the name of two places in Palestine; Achzib.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H392

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַכְזִיב

noun proper • Strongs_Numbers • Page 123

1. n. p. of a seaport in the territory of Asher (Ecdippa), now Dsib, el-Zib. 2. n. p. of a city of the tribe Judah.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אַכְזִיב

prop. name • Page 47

(Deceived, deception,) 1. a maritime city in the tribe of Asher, between Acco and Tyre, Ecdippa, now Zib. Josh. 19: 29. Judg. 1: 31.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H392

אַכְזִיב proper name, of a location

1. Locations and References

a. In the lowland of Judah

• Joshua 15:44 (Septuagint¹ Ακιζίβ καί Κιζίβ, Septuagint of Lucian² Αχιζίβ)
• Micah 1:14 (Septuagint οἴκους ματαίους; see also כְּזִיב, כֹּזֵבָא)

b. In Asher

• Judges 1:31 (Septuagint Ασχαζίβ)
• Joshua 19:29 (אַכְזִיבָה) (Septuagint Εχοζοβ, Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint³ Αχιζίβ, Septuagint of Lucian Αχαζίβ)

It lay on the coast south of Tyre, in Assyrian Akzibi, Commentary on the Old Testament⁴ Joshua 19:29 Delitzsch, Wo lag das Paradies?⁵ 284; Greek Εκδιππα; modern ez-Zīb, Buhl, Geographie des Alten Palästina⁶ 272 §120 and (on pronunciation) Kasteren Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins⁷ xiii. 101.

2. Etymology

The root כזר (root of following; Aramaic Ethpe`el be cruel (Targum⁸ Job 10:1), compare Syriac ܠܫܢܐ, miles, vir strenuus Payne Smith⁹ 1718, who compare Persian ܐܪܡܝܐ athleta, heros (Vullers¹⁰)).

Cognates:

• Aramaic Ethpe`el be cruel
• Syriac ܠܫܢܐ (miles, vir strenuus)
• Persian ܐܪܡܝܐ (athleta, heros)

¹ Septuagint

² Septuagint of Lucian

³ Alexandrine MS. of Septuagint

⁴ Commentary on the Old Testament (Keil and Delitzsch)

⁵ Friedrich Delitzsch, Wo lag das Paradies? (Where was Paradise?), Leipzig, 1870.

⁶ Frants Buhl, Geographie des Alten Palästina, Leipzig, 1896.

⁷ Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins

⁸ Targum

⁹ R. Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus, Oxford, 1879-1901.

¹⁰ J. A. Vullers, Lexicon Persico-Latinum, Bonn, 1855-1864.

Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0392:

No stats available

לאכזב לְאַכְזָב

are for a deception

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אכזב

ʼakzâb

Definition

falsehood; by implication treachery

Root

from H3576 (כזב);

Exhaustive

from כזב; falsehood; by implication treachery; liar, lie.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H391

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַכְזָב

adjective • Strongs_Numbers • Page 42

lying

אַכְזָב

adjective • Root כזב • Strongs_Numbers • Page 123

properly deceiving, lying, hence: drying up (spoken of a brook); a failing brook, opposite to אֵיתָן

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אַכְזָב

verb • Root כזב • Page 47

Deceitful; hence particularly a deceitful brook, (opposite of אֵיתָן) which, drying up suddenly, disappoints the traveller. Jer. 15: 18. Mic. 1: 14.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H391

אַכְזָב adjective deceptive, disappointing (elative; opposed to אֲמִתָּן quod vide (which see) below יָתַן) — only absolute singular:

• Micah 1:14 (with play on proper name אַכְזִיב);
• of a deceptive, disappointing stream (compare Isaiah 58:11) Jeremiah 15:18 (parallel to מַיִם לֹא נֶאֱמָנוּ; on meaning compare Job 6:15 following).

Preposition, Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0391:

No stats available

למלכי לְמַלְכֵי

to the kings

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מלך

melek

Definition

a king

Root

from H4427 (מלך);

Exhaustive

from מלך; a king; king, royal.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4428

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

masculine noun • Root מלך • Strongs / High • Page 859

A king, ruler; properly an abstract concept of rule or government, but commonly used concretely. It can refer to a king of a land, city, people, or tribe. The term is also applied to Jehovah, idols, and animals distinguished for strength. It can also mean an adviser or counsellor, and is used as a proper name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

noun masculine • Page 380

a king. Ezek. 26: 7. 'the king of kings,' a title of the king of Babylon. Spoken frequently of Jehovah, Ps. 5: 3, and of false gods, Am. 5: 26.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4428

I. מֶ֫לֶךְ (approximate number of occurrences: 2513) noun masculine — king.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Mesha Inscription¹ מלך
• Phoenician מלך
• Zinjirli מלך
• Assyrian maliku, malku, prince (Assyrian šarru = king)
• Arabic ملك king
• Sabean מלכן, construct מלך, plural אמלך
• Ethiopic አምላክ God
• Aramaic מְלֵיךְ, מלכא
• Palmyrene מלך מלכא
• Nabataean מלכא

— מֶ֫לֶךְ absolute Genesis 14:7 +; in pause מֶ֑לֶךְ Genesis 49:20; construct מֶלֶךְ Genesis 14:1 +; suffix מַלְכִּי 2 Samuel 19:44 +; plural מְלָכִים Genesis 14:9 +, מְלָכִין Proverbs 31:3; construct מַלְכֵי Genesis 17:16 +; suffix מְלָכֶיהָ Isaiah 7:16 +, מַלְכֵיהֶם Deuteronomy 7:24 + etc.

1. King

Of various nations and regions:

• Of Egypt: Genesis 39:20; Exodus 1:8; Deuteronomy 11:3; 1 Kings 3:1
• Of Mesopotamia, Assyria, Babylon, Persia: Judges 3:8; Genesis 14:1; 2 Kings 15:19; 2 Kings 17:3; 2 Kings 18:13; 2 Kings 24:1; Ezra 1:1; Ezra 4:3; Esther 1:2 +
• Of Canaan, Philistia, Edom, Moab: Genesis 14:2; Genesis 20:2; Genesis 36:31; Numbers 20:14; Numbers 21:1; Joshua 2:2; Judges 8:5; 2 Kings 3:4
• Of Israel and Judah: Genesis 36:31; Numbers 23:21; Deuteronomy 17:14; 1 Samuel 8:5; 2 Samuel 2:4; 1 Kings 1:33 + (very often)

2. Of Davidic king, as under divine protection

• 1 Samuel 2:10 (+ מְשִׁיחוֺ)
• Psalm 2:6
• Psalm 18:51
• Psalm 89:19
• In Messianic prediction: Hosea 3:5; Isaiah 32:1; Jeremiah 23:5; Ezekiel 37:22–24; Zechariah 9:9

3. Used of Yahweh

As king of Israel and universal king:

• 1 Samuel 12:12
• Psalm 5:3; Psalm 10:16; Psalm 29:10; Psalm 44:5; Psalm 68:25; Psalm 145:1
• מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֺד King of glory Psalm 24:7–10
• Universal king: Psalm 47:3; Psalm 95:3; Jeremiah 10:7; Zechariah 14:9; Malachi 1:14

4. In fable and figurative use

• King of trees: Judges 9:8, 15
• Figurative of crocodile: Job 41:26
• Of death: מֶלֶךְ בַּלָּהוֺת king of terrors Job 18:14

5. Combinations and Phrases

1. Royal descriptions
   • הַמֶּלֶךְ הַגָּדוֺל the great king 2 Kings 18:19 (of Assyrian king)
   • מֶלֶךְ מְלָכִים king of kings Ezekiel 26:7 (of Babylon)
   • יְחִי הַמֶּלֶךְ long live the king! 1 Samuel 10:24; 1 Kings 1:34
2. With royal objects
   • מַעֲדַנֵּי־מֶלֶךְ royal dainties Genesis 49:20
   • מִשְׁתֵּה הַמֶּלֶךְ royal feast 1 Samuel 25:36
   • אֶבֶן הַמֶּלֶךְ king's weight 2 Samuel 14:26
   • מִקְדַּשׁ־מֶלֶךְ royal sanctuary Amos 7:13

II. מַלְכִּישׁוּעַ proper name masculine — son of Saul (my king is opulence); — 1 Samuel 14:49; 1 Samuel 31:2; 1 Chronicles 8:33. Greek Μελχεισα.

¹ Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

² Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889).

³ Jacob Barth, Die Nominalbildung in den semitischen Sprachen (1889–91).

⁴ W. Max Müller, Asien und Europa nach altägyptischen Denkmälern (1893).

Preposition, Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: βασιλεὺσ βασιλέωσ βασιλέα βασιλεῖ βασιλεῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4428:

βασιλεὺσ 631× (23.4%)

βασιλέωσ 546× (20.5%)

βασιλέα 419× (15.7%)

βασιλεῖ 196× (7.1%)

βασιλεῖσ 133× (4.9%)

βασιλεύσ 100× (3.5%)

--- 77× (3.2%)

'' 66× (2.3%)

βασιλέων 63× (2.4%)

βασιλεῦσιν 46× (1.6%)

ישראל יִשְׂרָאֵל׃

God-Contends

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ישראל

Yisrâʼêl

Definition

Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

Root

from H8280 (שרה) and H410 (אל); he will rule as God;

Exhaustive

from שרה and אל; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity; Israel.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3478

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יִשְׂרָאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root שרה • Strongs / High • Page 662

A proper name with multiple meanings: the patriarch Jacob; the Israelite people; an honorary title for the pious; the northern kingdom of Israel; the whole kingdom after the exile.

יִשְׂרָאֵל

noun proper masculine • Root ישר • Strongs / High • Page 662

A proper name, meaning 'El is a true, honest one.' Described as a ground-form to יְשַׂרְאֵלָה.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3478

I. יִשְׂרָאֵל (approximate number of occurrences: 2507) proper name masculine and of a people — Israel (El persisteth, persevereth (or jussive Let El persist) [usually contendeth¹ or Let El contend², but see Dr³]; on vocalization see Lag⁴, Kit⁵; see derivatives under I. שׂרה).

Comparative:

• Moabite ישראל (MI⁶)
• Egyptian Y-si-r-’l⁷
• Assyrian Sir-’-lai (= יִשְׂרְאֵלִי)⁸
• Greek Ισραηλ

— On a possible relation to proper name שָׂרַי, שָׂרָה see RS⁹; compare שְׂרָיָה, שְׂרָיָהוּ.

1. Proper name, masculine

Second name of Jacob:

• Genesis 32:29 (28 times Genesis, Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Exodus 32:13 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Hosea 12:13
• Judges 18:29
• Exodus 6:14; Numbers 1:20; Numbers 26:5 (all Priests' Code)
• 2 Kings 17:34
• 1 Chronicles 1:34 (8 times Chronicles)
• Psalm 105:23
• בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל Ruth 4:11
• בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל (literal) Genesis 42:5 (3 times Elohist Source, 2 times Priests' Code) + Exodus 1:7 (Priests' Code; transition to wider use)
• 1 Kings 18:31; 1 Chronicles 2:1 +
• = 12 tribes Exodus 28:9 (7 times Priests' Code)
• אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם יִצְחָק וְיִשְׂרָאֵל 1 Kings 18:36; 1 Chronicles 29:18; 2 Chronicles 30:6

2. Proper name, of a people

(usually masculine Judges 11:17 f. but feminine 1 Samuel 17:21; 2 Samuel 24:9). Name of Hebrew nation; usually derived from 1, but יִשְׂרָאֵל more common in early usage than בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל:

a. Israel

• (1) undivided kingdom; יִשְׂרָאֵל Genesis 47:27 (Jehovist Source), Genesis 49:7 (poem in Jehovist Source) + 108 times Jehovist-Elohist Source, Deuteronomy 1:1; Deuteronomy 18:6; Deuteronomy 33:10 (poem) + 76 times Deuteronomic Source, Genesis 34:7; Exodus 12:15 (42 times Priests' Code); Judges 5:2, 7 (twice) + 104 times Judges; often 1 and 2 Samuel; 1 Kings 1–12; כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל of whole people 2 Samuel 8:15 +, of whole army 2 Samuel 11:1 +, opposed to Judah 2 Samuel 2:9 +.
• (2) יִשְׂרָאֵל = Northern tribes, distinguished from Judah, even before disruption, 2 Samuel 2:9, compare 2:10; 3:10; 4:1; 5:5; 12:7; 20:1; 1 Kings 1:35; 4:20; 5:5 +; so at disruption 1 Kings 12:16 (3 times), 12:18, 19; then usually of Northern kingdom, till its fall, 1 Kings 12:28; 14:7; 10 + very often Kings, Amos 1:1; 2:6; 3:14 +, Hosea 1:5; 4:15 (twice); 5:3 (twice); 5:5 +, Micah 1:13, etc.
• (3) יִשְׂרָאֵל of Southern kingdom, Judah, rarely before fall of Samaria Isaiah 1:3; 8:18; Micah 1:14, 15, so בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל 1 Kings 12:17; after fall of Samaria, יִשְׂרָאֵל (less often בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל) occurs of entire people, in reference to past or future 2 Kings 21:8; 23:22; Isaiah 17:9; Psalm 103:7; Jeremiah 2:3; 50:17, 19 +; יִשְׂרָאֵל also = Judah Jeremiah 2:14, 31; 4:1 +, Ezekiel 13:2, 4, 16; 14:1, 7, 9 +, Isaiah 40:27; 41:8; 42:24 +, Ezra 2:59 = Nehemiah 7:61; Ezra 2:70; Ezra 3:11 +, Nehemiah 10:34; 10:3 +, Psalm 14:7 (twice) = Psalm 53:7 (twice), Psalm 147:2; Psalm 149:2 +, etc.
• (4) usage in Chronicles: יִשְׂרָאֵל of whole people 1 Chronicles 2:7 (110 times), of Northern kingdom 2 Chronicles 11:1 (16 times), of Judah 2 Chronicles 12:6; 19:8 (9 times).
• (5) יִשְׂרָאֵל personified as עֶבֶד יהוה, Isaiah 44:1, 21; Isaiah 49:3.

b. בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל

• (1) of undivided people Exodus 1:12 (Jehovist Source), Exodus 3:9 (Elohist Source) + 72 times Jehovist-Elohist Source, Deuteronomy 3:18; Deuteronomy 10:6 (25 times Deuteronomic Source), Genesis 32:33 (327 times Priests' Code); Judges 1:1 (60 times Judges); seldom 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 Kings 1–12; in 1 Kings 13–2 Kings 25 passive in reference to older history (rarely otherwise).
• (2) seldom of Northern kingdom Amos 2:11 (9 times Amos, Hosea); 2 Chronicles 13:12 (7 times Chronicles).
• (3) of Judah (late) Ezekiel 2:3; Nehemiah 1:6 (twice); Ezra 3:1; Joel 4:16 +, 2 Chronicles 31:5.

c. בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל

• Exodus 16:31; Exodus 40:38 (142 times); 81 times Ezekiel, where = Judah (see especially Exodus 37:16); שְׁנֵי בָֽתֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל Isaiah 8:14.

d. Other phrases

See sub אִישׁ, אֶרֶץ, בַּת, בְּתוּלָה, גְּבוּל, הַר, כִּסֵּא, מֶלֶךְ, מַטֶּה, עֵדָה, עַם, שֵׁבֶט; also (in epithet of יהוה) below אָבִיר, אוֺר, אֱלֹחִים, גָּוֺאל, מֶלֶךְ, מִקְוֶה, צוּר, קָדוֺשׁ, רָעָה.

e. The laity

Opposed to priests, etc. (late):

• Ezra 10:25; Nehemiah 11:3; 1 Chronicles 9:2
• כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 2:70; Ezra 10:5
• הָעָם יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 9:1
• בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Nehemiah 10:40, compare שְׁאָר יִשְׂרָאֵל Nehemiah 11:20

---

Aramaic

I. יִשְׂרָאֵל proper name of a people Israel (Biblical Hebrew id., √ שָׂרָה).

• אֱלַהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:14; Ezra 7:15
• מֶלֶךְ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 5:11
• בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 6:16
• עַמָּא יִשְׂרָאֵל Ezra 7:13

¹ Eberhard Nestle, *Die israelitischen Eigennamen* (1876), 60 ff.

² G. B. Gray, *Studies in Hebrew Proper Names* (1896), 218.

³ S. R. Driver in Hastings' *Dictionary of the Bible*, article "Jacob," 530.

⁴ Paul de Lagarde, *Uebersicht über die Bildung der Nomina* (1889), 131 f.

⁵ Rudolf Kittel, *The Books of the Chronicles* (1895), on 1 Chronicles 4:16.

⁶ Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone), line 5.

⁷ Georg Steindorff, *Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft* xvi (1896), 331.

⁸ Eberhard Schrader, *Keilinschriften und Geschichtsforschung*, 356 ff.

⁹ W. Robertson Smith, *Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia*, 257 (2nd ed. 34).

Noun proper name

LXX: ισραηλ '' --- ιακωβ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3478:

ισραηλ 2245× (92.9%)

'' 57× (2.1%)

--- 50× (2.2%)

ισραηλ 8× (0.3%)

ιακωβ 4× (0.2%)

t? 4× (0.1%)

ιερουσαλημ 4× (0.2%)

[b] 3× (0.1%)

ισραηλίτου 3× (0.1%)

ισραηλίτιδοσ 3× (0.1%)

RBT Translation:

therefore you are giving dismissals/sent away ones upon/against/yoke the occupation/possession Winepress houses Deception ("Achzib") are for a deception to the kings God Straightened

RBT Paraphrase:
Therefore you are giving dismissals/sent away ones upon the occupation of Winepress ("Moresheth Gath"), houses of Deception ("Achzib") are for a deception to the kings of God Straightened.

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
For this thou shalt give a sending forth upon the possession of Gath: the houses of falsehood are for falsehood to the kings of Israel.

LITV Translation:
So you shall give parting gifts to Moresheth-gath. The houses of Achzib are for a lying thing to the kings of Israel.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Therefore shall he cause men to be sent forth as far as the inheritance of Gath, even vain houses; they are become vanity to the kings of Israel;