Micah 1:11

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

עברי עִבְרִי

Beyond One/cross over

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עבר

ʻâbar

Definition

to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in copulation)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in copulation); alienate, alter, [idiom] at all, beyond, bring (over, through), carry over, (over-) come (on, over), conduct (over), convey over, current, deliver, do away, enter, escape, fail, gender, get over, (make) go (away, beyond, by, forth, his way, in, on, over, through), have away (more), lay, meddle, overrun, make partition, (cause to, give, make to, over) pass(-age, along, away, beyond, by, -enger, on, out, over, through), (cause to, make) [phrase] proclaim(-amation), perish, provoke to anger, put away, rage, [phrase] raiser of taxes, remove, send over, set apart, [phrase] shave, cause to (make) sound, [idiom] speedily, [idiom] sweet smelling, take (away), (make to) transgress(-or), translate, turn away, (way-) faring man, be wrath.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5674

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָבַר

verb • Root עבר • Strongs / High • Page 1046

I. Intransitive: properly to go over a standing place or resting point, to step beyond, to rove beyond, to go beyond. Hence to pass over (river, land, thing), to go through, to emigrate, to cross, to step over, to tread over. Figuratively: to transgress.

עָבַר

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1047

To pass, to go over, to cross, to go through, to penetrate; to go beyond, past (accus.); to be current (of money); to pass by; to go before; to travel; to pass away, to disappear (of times/things); to go over (to forgive); to go farther, to pass on/forward; to come through/under; to depart from (a commandment); to enter into (a covenant); to run into (danger); to follow; to come upon (assail, invade); to overflow, to inundate, to overwhelm; to transgress, to exceed; to flow out, to drop (in tears/liquids).

עָבַר

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1048

To pass over, through, or away; to cross. Metaphorically: to be agitated (of a stream); to be puffed up, haughty, overbearing, provoked, irritated.

עָבַר

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1048

II. Properly, to veil, to cover, to enwrap (Kal not used). Metaphorically: to copulate, to impregnate; intransitive: to be fructified (of corn/fruit); to be pregnant (of a woman).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָבַר

verb • Root עבר • Page 488

To pass, go on, or pass over. 1. to pass, go or pass on (Ps. 42:5, Am. 5:5). 2. to go or pass through a place (Judg. 11:29, Gen. 12:6). 3. to pass by (Gen. 37:23, 1 K. 9:8). 4. to pass over, e.g. a river (Gen. 31:21, Josh. 3:11). 5. to overflow, spoken of water or devastating armies (Is. 8:8, Nah. 1:8, Ps. 124:4). 6. to pass away, disappear, or perish (Gen. 18:5, Ps. 37:36). 7. to come on or upon any one, spoken of evil or jealousy (Num. 5:14, Nah. 3:19). 8. to drop, to ooze out (Cant. 5:5, 13). 9. causative as in Hiph.

עָבַר

verb • Page 489

To pass over, through, or by. Hiphil (הַעֲבִיר, הֶעֱבִיר): 1. To consecrate (Ex. 13:12). 2. To cause to pass, conduct (2 Sam. 19:16); to let one's voice go through (Ex. 36:6); to cause a trumpet to sound (Lev. 25:9). 3. To cause to pass by, to forgive sin (2 Sam. 12:13). 4. To carry over a river (Gen. 32:23); to remove/transfer (Gen. 47:21). 5. Metaphorically, to cause to transgress (1 Sam. 2:24). 6. To carry away (2 Chr. 35:23); to take away or remove (Jon. 3:6). Hithpael: 1. To be arrogant or haughty (Prov. 14:16). 2. To become angry or wroth (Ps. 78:21, 59).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5674

I. עָבַר (approximate number of occurrences: 548) verb — pass over, through, by, pass on.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew עָבַר
• Zinjirli עבר
• Nabataean עבר
• Aramaic עֲבַר
• Syriac עבר
• Assyrian ebêru
• Arabic عبر
• Sabean עבר

— עָבַר Perfect 3 masculine singular Genesis 15:17 +, suffix עֲבָרוֺ Jeremiah 23:9; 1 singular עָבַ֫רְתִּי 1 Samuel 15:24 +; 2 masculine plural עֲבַרְתֶּם Genesis 18:5 +; 1 plural עָבַ֫רְנוּ Joshua 24:17 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יַעֲבֹר Amos 8:5 +, יַעֲבָרֿ Genesis 33:14 +, suffix 3 masculine singular יַעַבְרֶ֫נּוּ Isaiah 33:21; Isaiah 35:8, יַעַבְרֶ֫נְהוּ Jeremiah 5:22, וַיַּעֲבֹר Genesis 12:6 +; 1 singular אֶעֱבֹר Amos 5:17 +, cohortative אֶעְבְּרָה Numbers 21:22 +, אֶעֱבֹ֑רָה Numbers 20:19; Judges 12:5, etc.; Imperative masculine singular עֲבֹר Exodus 17:5 +; feminine singular עִבְרִי Micah 1:11 2t.; עֲבֹ֑רִי Isaiah 23:12; masculine plural עִבְרוּ Amos 6:2 +; Infinitive absolute עָבוֺר 2 Samuel 17:16; construct עֲבֹר Amos 7:8 +, לַעֲבָרֿ 1 Kings 18:6 + Nahum 2:1 Qr; suffix עָבְרִי Exodus 33:22; Deuteronomy 4:21, etc.; Participle עֹבֵר Judges 8:4 +, etc.

1. Qal Meanings

a. Cross (stream, wady, sea, etc.)

• With accusative: Genesis 31:21 (Elohist Source), Genesis 32:11 (Jehovist Source), Joshua 3:14, 17; Joshua 4:1 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Deuteronomy 2:14, Numbers 32:29 (Priests' Code), 2 Samuel 17:20, 22, 24; Isaiah 16:8
• With מַעֲבַר (ford): Genesis 32:23 (Elohist Source)
• With אֶלֿ: Numbers 32:7 (Jehovist-Elohist Source), Joshua 4:13 (Priests' Code)

b. Cross border, boundary

• With accusative: Numbers 20:17, Numbers 21:22 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• Of invasion: Judges 11:32, 1 Samuel 14:1

c. Overflow (figurative)

• Of invasion like a flood: Isaiah 8:8, Daniel 11:10, Nahum 1:8
• Of evil thoughts: Psalm 73:7, Jeremiah 5:28

d. Overstep, transgress (commands)

• With accusative of covenant: Numbers 14:41, Joshua 7:11, Deuteronomy 17:2, 1 Samuel 15:24, Hosea 6:7, Daniel 9:11

e. Overlook, forgive

• With עַלמֶּֿשַׁע (over transgression): Micah 7:18, Proverbs 19:11, Amos 7:8

f. Pass away, vanish, perish

• Of chaff or shadow: Isaiah 29:5, Psalm 144:4
• Of law or decree: Esther 1:19, Esther 9:27
• Cease to exist: Nahum 1:12, Job 30:15

2. Niphal

— Imperfect 3 masculine singular נַחַל אֲשֶׁר לֹא יֵעָבֵר Ezekiel 47:5 a stream which cannot be forded.

3. Piel

a. Impregnate

• Perfect 3 masculine singular שׁוֺרוֺ עִבַּר Job 21:10 his bull impregnateth (properly causeth to pass over, i.e. semen).

b. Make to pass across

• Imperfect 3 masculine singular 1 Kings 6:21 (+ בְּ) he made to pass across with chains of gold.

4. Hiphil Meanings

— הֶעֱבִיר Perfect 3 masculine singular 2 Samuel 12:13 +; 1 singular הֶעֱבַ֫רְתִּי Zechariah 3:4; Imperfect וַיַּעֲבֵר Genesis 8:1; Imperative הַעֲבֵר Psalm 119:37; Participle מַעֲבִיר Deuteronomy 18:10.

a. Cause to cross

• Genesis 32:24 (Jehovist Source), Joshua 7:7, 2 Samuel 19:16.

b. Dedicate or devote

• Children to heathen gods: Jeremiah 32:35, Leviticus 18:21 (Holiness Code)
• By fire: 2 Kings 23:10, Deuteronomy 18:10, 2 Kings 16:3, Ezekiel 20:31.

c. Cause to pass away, take away

• Take away sin: 2 Samuel 12:13, Job 7:21, Zechariah 3:4
• Put away evil: 1 Kings 15:12, Ecclesiastes 11:10

5. Hithpael (Denominative)

be arrogant, infuriate oneself.

• Perfect 3 masculine singular הִתְעַבָּ֑ר Psalm 78:62
• Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיִּתְעַבֵּר Deuteronomy 3:26
• Participle מִתְעַבֵּר Proverbs 14:16, Proverbs 26:17.

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

² Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik (Lzb).

³ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl HWB).

Verb Qal imperative second person feminine singular

LXX: διέβη --- παρελεύσεται διῆλθεν διῆλθον

LXX Usage Statistics

H5674a:

διέβη 21× (3.4%)

--- 18× (3.3%)

παρελεύσεται 16× (2.6%)

διῆλθεν 15× (2.6%)

διῆλθον 14× (2.4%)

διέβησαν 13× (2.1%)

παρῆλθεν 12× (2.1%)

διαβαίνετε 11× (2.0%)

παρελθεῖν 10× (1.8%)

παρήλθομεν 8× (1.4%)

לכם לָכֶם

to yourselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כם

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9036

Preposition, Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

יושבת יוֹשֶׁבֶת

she who sits

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ישב

yâshab

Definition

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry; (make to) abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease self, endure, establish, [idiom] fail, habitation, haunt, (make to) inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, [idiom] marry(-ing), (bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(-tle), (down-) sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate), take, tarry.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3427

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָשַׁב

verb • Root ישב • Strongs / High • Page 656

To sit, remain, dwell. The fundamental meaning is to keep firmly in a place, to hold it firmly, to possess it, and therefore to sit. Piel (יִשֵּׁב): to pitch a dwelling. Hifil (הוֹשִׁיב): to cause to sit, to cause to dwell, to cause to be inhabited. Hophal (הוּשַׁב): to be inhabited, to be made to dwell, to be settled in.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָשַׁב

verb • Root ישב • Page 301

1. To seat one's self, to sit (Ps. 9:8, Ps. 80:2, Is. 37:16). Includes sitting as a judge (Ps. 9:8) or lying in wait (Ps. 10:8). 2. To continue (Gen. 24:55, 29:19, Hos. 3:3). 3. To dwell (Gen. 13:6, Gen. 4:20, Ps. 22:4). 4. Passive: to be inhabited or habitable (Is. 13:20, Jer. 17:6). Niph. נוֹשַׁב to be inhabited (Ex. 16:35).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3427

I. יָשַׁב (approximate number of occurrences: 1090) verb — sit, remain, dwell.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic יְתֵיב
• Mesha Inscription¹ ישב, Judges 1:8, 19 וישב, Judges 1:13 ואשב
• Phoenician ישב
• Zinjirli ישב
• Assyrian ašâbu
• Arabic وثب (leap, jump), Himyaritic dialect (sit)
• Ethiopic ወሰበ (marry, consummate marriage)

— יָשַׁב absolute Genesis 13:12 +; Perfect 2 masculine singular יָשַׁבְתָּ Judges 5:16; 2 masculine plural יְשַׁבְתֶּם Deuteronomy 1:46; Imperfect יֵשֵׁב 1 Samuel 5:7, יֵשֶׁבֿ Genesis 44:33; Imperative masculine singular שֵׁב Genesis 20:15; Infinitive absolute יָשֹׁבֿ 1 Samuel 20:5; construct שֶׁ֫בֶת 1 Samuel 7:2; suffix שִׁבְתִּי 2 Samuel 7:5; Participle masculine י(וֺ)שׁב Genesis 4:20; feminine י(וֺ)שֶׁבֶת Judges 4:5.

1. Sit or Sit Down

a. Sit on or by

• On (עַל) a seat 1 Samuel 20:25, stone Exodus 17:12, throne Exodus 11:5
• In token of humiliation: on dust Isaiah 47:1, ground Ezekiel 26:16, ashes Jonah 3:6
• By (עַל) a well Exodus 2:15
• In (בְּ) house, street, doorway 2 Samuel 7:1; Genesis 38:14

b. Sit as authority (king or judge)

• Exodus 18:13; Joel 4:12
• Of Yahweh: Psalm 2:4; Psalm 29:10; Psalm 99:1 (+ כְּרוּבִים)

c. Special uses

• To perform a necessity of nature: Deuteronomy 23:14
• Of eyes: be set in their sockets Songs 5:12

2. Remain, stay, tarry

a. Tarry for a time

• With person (אֶת, עִם): Genesis 24:55; Genesis 27:44
• In a location (בְּ): 1 Samuel 7:2; 2 Samuel 10:5
• Abide, endure: Micah 5:3; Joel 4:20

3. Dwell, have one's abode

a. Physical dwelling

• In a land, city, or house: Genesis 4:16; Genesis 13:12; Deuteronomy 1:4
• In tents: Jeremiah 35:7
• With someone (אֶת, עִם, יַחְדָּו): Genesis 34:16; Genesis 13:6

b. As Substantive (Participle) — Dweller, inhabitant

• ישֵׁב אהלים dweller in tents Genesis 25:27
• ישְׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ inhabitants of the land Exodus 23:21
• Without inhabitant (מֵאֵין ישׁב): Isaiah 5:9; Jeremiah 4:7

4. Of a land or city

figurative sit, abide seated, i.e., be inhabited:

• Jeremiah 17:6; Isaiah 13:20; Zechariah 2:8

Niph`al

Perfect 3 feminine singular נוֺשָׁ֑בָה Jeremiah 6:8; Participle נוֺשָׁבוֺת Ezekiel 12:20 — be inhabited.

• Of land: Exodus 16:35
• Of cities: Ezekiel 36:10

Pi`el

Perfect 3 masculine plural וְיִשְּׁבוּ Ezekiel 25:4 — set, pitch (encampments); but others read Qal וְיֵשְׁבוּ.

Hiph`il

Perfect 3 masculine singular השִׁיב Ezra 10:14; Imperfect וַיּוֺשֵׁב Genesis 47:11 — cause to sit, dwell; marry.

a. Cause to sit or place

• On a throne: 1 Kings 2:24
• In an assembly: 1 Kings 21:9

b. Cause to dwell

• In a location: 1 Samuel 12:8; Genesis 47:6
• Cause cities to be inhabited: Ezekiel 36:33

c. Marry (give a dwelling to)

• Foreign women: Ezra 10:2, 10; Nehemiah 13:23, 27

Hoph`al

Perfect וְהוּשַׁבְתֶּם Isaiah 5:8; Imperfect תוּשָׁב Isaiah 44:26 — be made to dwell, be inhabited.

¹ Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

³ Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ol).

Verb Qal participle active feminine singular construct

LXX: κατοικοῦντασ κατοικοῦντεσ ἐκάθισεν ἐκάθισαν κατῴκησεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3427:

κατοικοῦντασ 88× (7.4%)

κατοικοῦντεσ 80× (6.4%)

ἐκάθισεν 61× (5.4%)

ἐκάθισαν 37× (3.4%)

κατῴκησεν 34× (3.1%)

ἐκάθητο 29× (2.8%)

κατῴκησαν 28× (2.6%)

κατῴκει 24× (2.3%)

κατοικοῦσιν 23× (2.0%)

κατοικεῖν 23× (2.2%)

שפיר שָׁפיר

in Beauty ("Shaphir")

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שפיר

Shâphîyr

Definition

Shaphir, a place in Palestine

Root

from H8231 (שפר); beautiful;

Exhaustive

from שפר; beautiful; Shaphir, a place in Palestine; Saphir.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8208

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁפִיר

adjective • Root שפר • Consonantal / Medium • Page 1470

Beautiful, lovely, fair (Aramaic).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁפִיר

m. name • Page 695

Name of an unknown place. Mic. 1: 11.

שַׁפִּיר

chald. adj. • Page 695

Pleasant, fair. Dan. 4: 9, 18.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H8208

I. שָׁפִיר (approximate number of occurrences: 1) proper name, of a location — Shaphir.

— In Philistine plain, Micah 1:11 (perhaps = שָׁמִיר Joshua 15:48?); ᵐ5 καλῶς (!).

אֶשְׁמָּר see under the word.

Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H8208:

No stats available

עריה עֶרְיָה־

in her cities/naked

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עריה

ʻeryâh

Definition

nudity

Root

for H6172 (ערוה);

Exhaustive

for ערוה; nudity; bare, naked, [idiom] quite.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6181

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֶרְיָה

noun feminine • Root ערה • Strongs / High • Page 1133

a baring, figuratively a complete emptying out, a consumption (of money).

עֶרְיָה

noun feminine • Root ערה • Strongs / High • Page 1133

nakedness (of a bow); shameful nakedness (and) shame; bareness, used adjectively with עָרֹם (nakedness).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֶרְיָה

f. i. q. עֶרְוָה verbal from עָרָה • Root ערה • Page 527

nakedness. thou wast nakedness and bareness, i. e. naked and bare.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6181

I. עֶרְיָה noun feminine — nakedness.

— עֶרְיָה absolute Micah 1:11 + etc.

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Nakedness, shame (figurative of town Shaphir)

• עֶרְיַת בּֿשֶׁת Micah 1:11 (in) nakedness, (in) shame

b. Combined with עֵרֹם (of Jerusalem)

• עֵרֹם וְעֶרְיָה Ezekiel 16:7 (3 times; see עֵרֹם below II. עור)

c. Of a bow

• Habakkuk 3:9 (see עור)

Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: ἀσχημονοῦσα

LXX Usage Statistics

H6181:

ἀσχημονοῦσα 3× (42.9%)

בשת בשֶׁת

shame

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בשת

bôsheth

Definition

shame (the feeling and the condition, as well as its cause); by implication (specifically) an idol

Root

from H954 (בוש);

Exhaustive

from בוש; shame (the feeling and the condition, as well as its cause); by implication (specifically) an idol; ashamed, confusion, [phrase] greatly, (put to) shame(-ful thing).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1322

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֶּשֶׁת

noun feminine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 286

Only a collateral form of בֹּשֶׁת found in the proper name יְרֻבֶּשֶׁת.

Matched via consonantal key only

בֹּשֶׁת

noun feminine • Root בוש • Consonantal / Medium • Page 286

Shame, as an affection of the mind; disgrace, ignominy; the pudenda; an expression of contempt (often used for idols).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בּשֶׁת

f. verbal • Root בוש • Page 120

1. shame; for the most part joined with פָּנִים, shame or confusion of face, Ps. 44:16. Dan. 9:7, 8. 2 Chr. 32:21.—בּשֶׁת לָבַשׁ figuratively to be clothed with shame, Job 8:22. Ps. 35:26. 2. the secret parts. Mic. 1:11. 3. idol. Hos. 9:10. Jer. 3:24. 11:13.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1322

I. בּ֫שֶׁת (approximate number of occurrences: 20) noun feminine — shame.

— בּ֫שֶׁת absolute Job 8:22 (20 times); suffix בָּשְׁתִּי Psalm 69:20 + (7 times).

1. Meanings and Uses

a. Shame

• 1 Samuel 20:30 (twice in verse)
• Psalm 40:16
• Psalm 69:20
• Psalm 70:4
• Isaiah 30:3, 5
• Isaiah 61:7
• Jeremiah 2:26
• Jeremiah 3:25
• Jeremiah 20:18
• Habakkuk 2:10
• Zephaniah 3:5, 19

b. Specific phrases and contexts

• לָבַשׁ בּשֶׁת clothe with shame Job 8:22; Psalm 35:26; Psalm 132:18
• Parallel to עטה בשׁת Psalm 109:29
• בּשֶׁת (ה)מָּנִים shame (or confusion) of face 2 Chronicles 32:21; Ezra 9:7; Daniel 9:7, 8; compare Psalm 44:16; Jeremiah 7:19
• בּשֶׁת עֲלוּמֶיךָ shame of thy youth Isaiah 54:4
• עֶרְיָה בֿשֶׁת nakedness (that is) shame Micah 1:11; compare Psalm 45:5
• בּשֶׁת עֶרְוַת אמך 1 Samuel 20:30

2. Euphemism for Baal

Shameful thing, substituted for בַּעַל by later editors:

• Hosea 9:10
• Jeremiah 3:24
• מִזְבְּחוֺת לַבּשֶׁת Jeremiah 11:13
• יְרֻבֶּשֶׁת 2 Samuel 11:21 = יְרֻבַּעַל Judges 6:32
• אִישׁ־בּשֶׁת 2 Samuel 2:8 = אֶשְׁבַּעַל 1 Chronicles 8:33

Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: αἰσχύνην αἰσχύνη αἰσχύνῃ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H1322:

αἰσχύνην 14× (45.3%)

αἰσχύνη 5× (13.5%)

αἰσχύνῃ 3× (8.0%)

--- 2× (7.1%)

לא לֹא

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

יצאה יָצְאָה

she went out

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יצא

yâtsâʼ

Definition

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.; [idiom] after, appear, [idiom] assuredly, bear out, [idiom] begotten, break out, bring forth (out, up), carry out, come (abroad, out, thereat, without), [phrase] be condemned, depart(-ing, -ure), draw forth, in the end, escape, exact, fail, fall (out), fetch forth (out), get away (forth, hence, out), (able to, cause to, let) go abroad (forth, on, out), going out, grow, have forth (out), issue out, lay (lie) out, lead out, pluck out, proceed, pull out, put away, be risen, [idiom] scarce, send with commandment, shoot forth, spread, spring out, stand out, [idiom] still, [idiom] surely, take forth (out), at any time, [idiom] to (and fro), utter.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3318

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָצָא

verb • Root יצא • Strongs / High • Page 631

intransitive verb, 1. expressing self-activity, to go out, to go forth.

יָצָא

verb • Root יצא • Strongs / High • Page 632

To go out, go forth, come out, proceed. It has a wide range of applications including to walk, to go to war, to travel, to be freed, to be born, to sprout, to arise, to appear, to escape, to be published or issued.

יָצָא

verb • Root יצא • Strongs / High • Page 929

A root that interchanges with נָצָה, showing y/n interchange.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָצָא

verb • Page 292

To go out, to go forth. Gen. 44:4, Amos 4:3. Special meanings: (1) to arise (sun/stars) Gen. 19:23; (2) to spring up (plants) Job 5:6; (3) to be begotten or descended from Gen. 17:6; (4) to expire, be finished (time) Ex. 23:16; (5) to become free Ex. 21:2; (6) to be laid out or expended (money) 2 K. 12:13; (7) to escape Ecc. 7:18.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3318

I. יָצָא (approximate number of occurrences: 1068) verb — go or come out.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew idem
• Aramaic יְעָא
• Ethiopic ወጽአ
• Assyrian âṣû¹
• Syriac יעא
• Phoenician יצא
• Sabean וצַא³
• Arabic وضأ²

— Perfect יָצָא Genesis 10:11 (92 times); 3 feminine singular יָָֽצְאָה Numbers 16:35 (13 times); יָצָ֑אָה Isaiah 28:29; 2 masculine singular יָצָאתָ Genesis 24:5 (7 times); 2 feminine singular וְיָצָאת Jeremiah 31:4; 2 masculine plural יְצָאתֶם Exodus 13:3, Deuteronomy 11:10; וִיצָאתֶם Judges 21:21, Malachi 3:20; 3 plural suffix יְצָאֻנִי Jeremiah 10:20; Imperfect יֵצֵא Genesis 15:4 (64 times); וַיֵּצֵא Genesis 4:16 (132 times); 3 feminine singular תֵּצֵא Exodus 21:7 (22 times); וַתֵּצֵא Genesis 30:16 (14 times); Imperative צֵא Genesis 8:16 (15 times); feminine singular צְאִי Song of Solomon 1:8; masculine plural צֵאוּ Genesis 19:14 (11 times); Infinitive absolute יָצוֺא Genesis 8:7; construct צֵאת Genesis 24:11 (31 times); Participle יֹצֵא (יוֺצֵא) Genesis 2:10 (62 times).

1. Qal: Go or come out or forth

a. From a place

• From a tent Genesis 31:33 (Elohist Source)
• From a house 2 Samuel 11:8; Joshua 2:19 (Jahwist-Elohist Source)
• From a city Genesis 19:14 (Jahwist Source); Genesis 12:4 (Priests' Code)
• From Egypt (the Exodus) Exodus 12:41 (Jahwist Source); Deuteronomy 4:45–46 (Deuteronomic Source)

b. From the presence of a person

• Exodus 8:26 (+ מֵעִם)
• Genesis 4:16 (Jahwist Source; + מִלִּפְנֵי)
• Job 1:12 (+ מֵעִם מְּנֵי)

c. In technical senses

• Of emancipation Exodus 21:2 (Jahwist-Elohist Source)
• Of the Jubilee release Leviticus 25:28 (Holiness Code)
• Of divorce Deuteronomy 24:2

d. Of flight, involving escape

• Genesis 39:12 (Jahwist Source; + הַחוּ֫צָה)
• Ecclesiastes 7:18 figurative

e. Of departure and expiration

• At death Genesis 35:18 (בְּצֵאת נַפְשָׁהּ)
• Failing of heart Genesis 42:28 (Elohist Source)
• End of the year Exodus 23:16 (Jahwist-Elohist Source)

f. Of inanimate things

• River from Eden Genesis 2:10 (Jahwist Source)
• Water from rock Exodus 17:6 (Elohist Source)
• Sunrise Judges 5:31; Genesis 19:23
• A lot proceeding Joshua 16:1 (Jahwist-Elohist Source); Numbers 33:54 (Priests' Code)

g. With emphasis on origin or source

• Providential arrangement Genesis 24:50 (Jahwist Source)
• Words from the mouth Numbers 30:3 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 55:11

h. Of children and birth

• From the loins 2 Samuel 7:12; Genesis 35:11 (Priests' Code)
• From the womb Numbers 12:12 (Jahwist-Elohist Source); Jeremiah 1:5

2. Movement and Purpose

a. Go forth to a place: Genesis 27:3 (Jahwist Source).

b. Purpose/Result: Army marching out 1 Samuel 17:20; God going before people Judges 4:14; Psalm 68:8.

3. Combinations

יצא ובא — to go out and come in (active undertakings): Numbers 27:17; Deuteronomy 31:2; Joshua 14:11.

Hiphil: Cause to go or come out, lead out

1. Of persons and animals

• Bringing out of Egypt Exodus 3:10 (Elohist Source); Exodus 20:2 (Elohist Source); Deuteronomy 5:6 (Deuteronomic Source); Exodus 6:6 (Priests' Code).
• Leading an army 2 Samuel 10:16.
• Putting away wives Ezra 10:3.
• Animals from the ark Genesis 8:17 (Priests' Code).

2. Figurative deliverance

• From distress Psalm 25:17; Psalm 142:8.

3. Inanimate objects

• Carry out vessels 2 Kings 24:13; Ezra 1:7.
• Produce or generate Genesis 1:12 (Priests' Code); Isaiah 61:11.
• Speak or publish report Numbers 13:32; Deuteronomy 22:14.

Hophal: Be brought forth

• Genesis 38:25 (Jahwist Source) Participle feminine singular מוּצֵאת.
• Jeremiah 38:22 plural מוּצָאוֺת.

¹ Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (1896).

² Theodor Nöldeke, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG).

³ Mühlau & Volck, Gesenius' Handwörterbuch (MV).

⁴ SI: Siloam Inscription.

Verb Qal perfect third person feminine singular

LXX: ἐξῆλθεν ἐξελεύσεται ἐξῆλθον ἐξήγαγεν ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3318:

ἐξῆλθεν 178× (15.7%)

ἐξελεύσεται 78× (7.2%)

ἐξῆλθον 39× (3.4%)

ἐξήγαγεν 39× (3.5%)

'' 25× (2.1%)

ἐξελθεῖν 23× (1.9%)

αὐτοὺσ 23× (1.6%)

ἐξελεύσονται 22× (2.0%)

ἐκπορευόμενοσ 21× (1.7%)

ἐξήγαγον 19× (1.7%)

יושבת יוֹשֶׁבֶת

she who sits

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ישב

yâshab

Definition

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry; (make to) abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease self, endure, establish, [idiom] fail, habitation, haunt, (make to) inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, [idiom] marry(-ing), (bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(-tle), (down-) sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate), take, tarry.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3427

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָשַׁב

verb • Root ישב • Strongs / High • Page 656

To sit, remain, dwell. The fundamental meaning is to keep firmly in a place, to hold it firmly, to possess it, and therefore to sit. Piel (יִשֵּׁב): to pitch a dwelling. Hifil (הוֹשִׁיב): to cause to sit, to cause to dwell, to cause to be inhabited. Hophal (הוּשַׁב): to be inhabited, to be made to dwell, to be settled in.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָשַׁב

verb • Root ישב • Page 301

1. To seat one's self, to sit (Ps. 9:8, Ps. 80:2, Is. 37:16). Includes sitting as a judge (Ps. 9:8) or lying in wait (Ps. 10:8). 2. To continue (Gen. 24:55, 29:19, Hos. 3:3). 3. To dwell (Gen. 13:6, Gen. 4:20, Ps. 22:4). 4. Passive: to be inhabited or habitable (Is. 13:20, Jer. 17:6). Niph. נוֹשַׁב to be inhabited (Ex. 16:35).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3427

I. יָשַׁב (approximate number of occurrences: 1090) verb — sit, remain, dwell.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic יְתֵיב
• Mesha Inscription¹ ישב, Judges 1:8, 19 וישב, Judges 1:13 ואשב
• Phoenician ישב
• Zinjirli ישב
• Assyrian ašâbu
• Arabic وثب (leap, jump), Himyaritic dialect (sit)
• Ethiopic ወሰበ (marry, consummate marriage)

— יָשַׁב absolute Genesis 13:12 +; Perfect 2 masculine singular יָשַׁבְתָּ Judges 5:16; 2 masculine plural יְשַׁבְתֶּם Deuteronomy 1:46; Imperfect יֵשֵׁב 1 Samuel 5:7, יֵשֶׁבֿ Genesis 44:33; Imperative masculine singular שֵׁב Genesis 20:15; Infinitive absolute יָשֹׁבֿ 1 Samuel 20:5; construct שֶׁ֫בֶת 1 Samuel 7:2; suffix שִׁבְתִּי 2 Samuel 7:5; Participle masculine י(וֺ)שׁב Genesis 4:20; feminine י(וֺ)שֶׁבֶת Judges 4:5.

1. Sit or Sit Down

a. Sit on or by

• On (עַל) a seat 1 Samuel 20:25, stone Exodus 17:12, throne Exodus 11:5
• In token of humiliation: on dust Isaiah 47:1, ground Ezekiel 26:16, ashes Jonah 3:6
• By (עַל) a well Exodus 2:15
• In (בְּ) house, street, doorway 2 Samuel 7:1; Genesis 38:14

b. Sit as authority (king or judge)

• Exodus 18:13; Joel 4:12
• Of Yahweh: Psalm 2:4; Psalm 29:10; Psalm 99:1 (+ כְּרוּבִים)

c. Special uses

• To perform a necessity of nature: Deuteronomy 23:14
• Of eyes: be set in their sockets Songs 5:12

2. Remain, stay, tarry

a. Tarry for a time

• With person (אֶת, עִם): Genesis 24:55; Genesis 27:44
• In a location (בְּ): 1 Samuel 7:2; 2 Samuel 10:5
• Abide, endure: Micah 5:3; Joel 4:20

3. Dwell, have one's abode

a. Physical dwelling

• In a land, city, or house: Genesis 4:16; Genesis 13:12; Deuteronomy 1:4
• In tents: Jeremiah 35:7
• With someone (אֶת, עִם, יַחְדָּו): Genesis 34:16; Genesis 13:6

b. As Substantive (Participle) — Dweller, inhabitant

• ישֵׁב אהלים dweller in tents Genesis 25:27
• ישְׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ inhabitants of the land Exodus 23:21
• Without inhabitant (מֵאֵין ישׁב): Isaiah 5:9; Jeremiah 4:7

4. Of a land or city

figurative sit, abide seated, i.e., be inhabited:

• Jeremiah 17:6; Isaiah 13:20; Zechariah 2:8

Niph`al

Perfect 3 feminine singular נוֺשָׁ֑בָה Jeremiah 6:8; Participle נוֺשָׁבוֺת Ezekiel 12:20 — be inhabited.

• Of land: Exodus 16:35
• Of cities: Ezekiel 36:10

Pi`el

Perfect 3 masculine plural וְיִשְּׁבוּ Ezekiel 25:4 — set, pitch (encampments); but others read Qal וְיֵשְׁבוּ.

Hiph`il

Perfect 3 masculine singular השִׁיב Ezra 10:14; Imperfect וַיּוֺשֵׁב Genesis 47:11 — cause to sit, dwell; marry.

a. Cause to sit or place

• On a throne: 1 Kings 2:24
• In an assembly: 1 Kings 21:9

b. Cause to dwell

• In a location: 1 Samuel 12:8; Genesis 47:6
• Cause cities to be inhabited: Ezekiel 36:33

c. Marry (give a dwelling to)

• Foreign women: Ezra 10:2, 10; Nehemiah 13:23, 27

Hoph`al

Perfect וְהוּשַׁבְתֶּם Isaiah 5:8; Imperfect תוּשָׁב Isaiah 44:26 — be made to dwell, be inhabited.

¹ Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone).

² Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

³ Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache (Ol).

Verb Qal participle active feminine singular construct

LXX: κατοικοῦντασ κατοικοῦντεσ ἐκάθισεν ἐκάθισαν κατῴκησεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3427:

κατοικοῦντασ 88× (7.4%)

κατοικοῦντεσ 80× (6.4%)

ἐκάθισεν 61× (5.4%)

ἐκάθισαν 37× (3.4%)

κατῴκησεν 34× (3.1%)

ἐκάθητο 29× (2.8%)

κατῴκησαν 28× (2.6%)

κατῴκει 24× (2.3%)

κατοικοῦσιν 23× (2.0%)

κατοικεῖν 23× (2.2%)

צאנן צַאֲנָן

Flock ("Tsanan")

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

צאנן

Tsaʼănân

Definition

Zaanan, a place in Palestine

Root

from the same as H6629 (צאן) used denominatively; sheep pasture;

Exhaustive

from the same as צאן used denominatively; sheep pasture; Zaanan, a place in Palestine; Zaanan.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6630

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צַאֲנָן

noun proper • Root צאן • Strongs / High • Page 1210

n. p. of a city in Judah, in the neighbourhood of the Ephraim border (Mic. 1, 11).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צַאֲנָן

proper name • Root צנן • Page 561

A proper name (Mic. 1:11), probably identical to צֶנָן (Josh. 15:37), a city in the tribe of Judah. As an appellative, it signifies 'the place of flocks.'

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H6630

I. צַאֲנָן (approximate number of occurrences: 1) proper name, of a location — Zaanan.

— Micah 1:11 Σεννααρ [ν], perhaps = צְנָן in the Shephelah of Judah Joshua 15:37, Σεννα(μ).

[צֶאֱצָא] see יצא. I, II. צָב see I, II. צבב.

Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H6630:

No stats available

מספד מִסְפַּד

a mourning

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מספד

miçpêd

Definition

a lamentation

Root

from H5594 (ספד);

Exhaustive

from ספד; a lamentation; lamentation, one mourneth, mourning, wailing.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4553

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִסְפֵּד

noun / masculine • Root ספד • Strongs / High • Page 878

Mourning, lamentation, wailing.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִסְפֵּד

m. verbal from סָפַד • Root ספד • Page 389

A lamentation. (Gen. 50:10; Amos 5:16, 17).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H4553

I. מִסְפֵּד (approximate number of occurrences: 14) noun masculine^{Genesis 50:10} — wailing.

— מִסְפֵּד absolute Amos 5:16 (11 times); construct מִסְפַּד Micah 1:11 (2 times); suffix מִסְפְּדִי Psalm 30:12.

1. For dead

• Genesis 50:10 (Jehovist Source; as accusative of cognate meaning with verb)
• Zechariah 12:10 (+ עַל)
• Zechariah 12:11

2. For calamity experienced

• Amos 5:16–17 (+ אֵבֶל)
• Micah 1:8 (+ אֵבֶל)
• Micah 1:11
• Jeremiah 48:38
• Ezekiel 27:31
• Jeremiah 6:26 (anticipated)
• Esther 4:3

3. In contrition

• Isaiah 22:12 (+ בְּכִי)
• Joel 2:12 (+ צוֹם, בְּכִי)
• Zechariah 12:11

4. In general

• Psalm 30:12 (opposed to מָחוֹל; compare Ecclesiastes 3:4)

¹ Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: κοπετὸν κοπετὸσ κοπετόσ ὡσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4553:

κοπετὸν 6× (37.1%)

κοπετὸσ 3× (16.6%)

κοπετόσ 2× (13.0%)

ὡσ 2× (11.1%)

בית בֵּית

house

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בית האצל

Bêyth hâʼêtsel

Definition

Beth-ha-Etsel, a place in Palestine

Root

from H1004 (בית) and H681 (אצל) with the article interposed; house of the side;

Exhaustive

from בית and אצל with the article interposed; house of the side; Beth-ha-Etsel, a place in Palestine; Beth-ezel.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1018

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בִּית

verb • Root בית • Consonantal / Medium • Page 230

To pass the night.

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine • Root בות • Consonantal / Medium • Page 237

house in the widest sense, consequently also tent, hut, tower, palace, temple

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine (aramaic) • Consonantal / Medium • Page 239

The same [as Hebrew 'house']; king's house; temple; treasury; banquet-house.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בַּּיִת

noun • Page 97

A city of Moab, Is. 15:2. Elsewhere written more in full as בֵּית בַּעַל מְעוֹן.

בֵּית הָאֵצֶל

noun • Page 97

A place not far from Samaria. Mic. 1:11.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1018

בֵּית הָאֱצֵל nomen proprium (proper name), of a location in Judah Micah 1:11; dubious, compare below אצל, p. 69.

Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H1018:

No stats available

האצל הָאֵצֶל

The Beside

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בית האצל

Bêyth hâʼêtsel

Definition

Beth-ha-Etsel, a place in Palestine

Root

from H1004 (בית) and H681 (אצל) with the article interposed; house of the side;

Exhaustive

from בית and אצל with the article interposed; house of the side; Beth-ha-Etsel, a place in Palestine; Beth-ezel.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1018

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בִּית

verb • Root בית • Consonantal / Medium • Page 230

To pass the night.

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine • Root בות • Consonantal / Medium • Page 237

house in the widest sense, consequently also tent, hut, tower, palace, temple

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine (aramaic) • Consonantal / Medium • Page 239

The same [as Hebrew 'house']; king's house; temple; treasury; banquet-house.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בַּּיִת

noun • Page 97

A city of Moab, Is. 15:2. Elsewhere written more in full as בֵּית בַּעַל מְעוֹן.

בֵּית הָאֵצֶל

noun • Page 97

A place not far from Samaria. Mic. 1:11.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1018

בֵּית הָאֱצֵל nomen proprium (proper name), of a location in Judah Micah 1:11; dubious, compare below אצל, p. 69.

Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H1018:

No stats available

יקח יִקַּח

he is taking

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לקח

lâqach

Definition

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to take (in the widest variety of applications); accept, bring, buy, carry away, drawn, fetch, get, infold, [idiom] many, mingle, place, receive(-ing), reserve, seize, send for, take (away, -ing, up), use, win.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3947

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לָקַח

transitive verb • Root לקח • Strongs / High • Page 791

tr. to take, lay hold of, seize, with the hand; to catch; to take away from a thing.

לָקַח

verb • Root לקח • Strongs / High • Page 792

To take, take from; to take away, as prey, to kill; to conquer; to take along, lead; to procure, bring, fetch; to receive, accept, obtain; to undertake; to buy.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לָקַח

verb • Page 348

1. to take (often pleonastically). Gen. 12:5. 2. to seize or lay hold of. Ezek. 8:3. 3. to take away. Gen. 4:12. 4. to take, capture, occupare. Num. 21:25. 5. to receive, obtain, acquire. Num. 23:20. 6. to admit, take up, receive. Prov. 2:1.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3947

I. לָקַח verb — take.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id., especially buy, and (Niph`al) be taken in marriage
• Mesha Inscription¹ Imperfect ואקח
• Phoenician לקח
• Assyrian li‡û, la‡û²
• Arabic لقح conceive (of female), IV. impregnate
• Ethiopic לקח receive
• Zinjirli לקח
• Aramaic Inscription of Carpentras³ (Imperative קחי)

— לָקַח absolute Genesis 2:22 +; לָקָח֑ Genesis 27:36 + (קָח Ezekiel 17:5 is textual error); suffix לְקָחַנִי Genesis 24:7; לְקָחָם Jeremiah 27:20; 2 masculine singular לָקַחְתָּ Genesis 20:3 +; Imperfect יִקַּח Exodus 21:10 +; וַיִּקַּח (Numbers 16:1 read וַיָּקָם); 3 feminine singular תִּקַּח Genesis 38:23 +; 1 singular אֶקַּח Genesis 14:23 +; Imperative לְקַח Exodus 29:1; קַח Genesis 6:21 +; קְחָה Genesis 15:9; Infinitive absolute לָקוֺחַ Jeremiah 32:14; construct קַחַת Jeremiah 5:3 +; Participle active לֹקֵחַ Genesis 27:46 +; passive plural לְקֻחִים Proverbs 24:11.

1. Qal

1. take, take in the hand

• Exodus 7:15 (Yahwist Source)
• Exodus 17:5 (Elohist Source)
• Numbers 25:7 (Priestly Code)
• Genesis 8:9 (Yahwist Source)

2. take and carry along

• Genesis 43:12 (+ בְיֶדְכֶם)
• Joshua 9:11 (JE Source)
• Proverbs 7:20

3. take from or away

• a. take from / draw: Genesis 2:22 (rib from man); Judges 3:21 (draw sword)
• b. carry away: Ezekiel 3:14; figurative Job 15:12
• c. deprive of: Genesis 42:36; 2 Kings 2:3, 5
• d. take away life: 1 Kings 19:10; Psalm 31:14; Jonah 4:3

4. take for a person

• a. appropriate: Deuteronomy 7:25; 2 Kings 4:1
• b. procure / get: Exodus 5:11; Proverbs 9:7
• c. take possession: Deuteronomy 29:7; Psalm 109:8
• d. select / choose: Deuteronomy 4:20; Joshua 3:12
• e. take in marriage: Genesis 24:4 (for another); Genesis 4:19 (for oneself)
• f. receive / accept: 1 Samuel 12:3; 2 Kings 5:15; Isaiah 40:2; Job 4:11 (perceive sound)
• g. take preliminary to action: Joshua 2:4; Jeremiah 23:31 (make use of tongues)

5. put upon / take up

• 2 Samuel 13:19 (+ עַל); Deuteronomy 32:11

6. fetch / summon

• 1 Kings 17:10–11; Genesis 27:9; 1 Samuel 20:31

7. lead / conduct

• Genesis 48:1 (Elohist Source); Exodus 14:6 (Yahwist Source)

8. capture / seize

• 1 Samuel 2:16; Job 40:24; Proverbs 6:25

9. carry off

• a. as booty: Genesis 14:11; 1 Kings 14:26
• b. as prisoners: Genesis 14:12; 2 Kings 23:34

10. take vengeance

• Jeremiah 20:10; Isaiah 47:3

2. Niph`al

1. be captured: 1 Samuel 4:11, 17, 19.

2. be taken away / removed: 1 Samuel 21:7; Ezekiel 33:6; 2 Kings 2:9 (translation of Elijah).

3. be brought unto: Esther 2:8, 16.

3. Pu`al

1. be taken from / out of: Genesis 2:23; Genesis 3:19; Jeremiah 29:22.

2. be stolen from: Judges 17:2.

3. be taken captive: Jeremiah 48:46; Isaiah 52:5.

4. be taken away / removed: 2 Kings 2:10; Isaiah 53:8.

4. Hoph`al

1. be taken / brought: Genesis 12:15; Genesis 18:4.

2. be taken out of: Job 28:2; Ezekiel 15:3.

3. be taken away from: Isaiah 49:24, 25.

5. Hithpa`el

אֵשׁ מִתְלַקַּ֫חַת fire taking hold of itself (lightning): Exodus 9:24 (JE Source); Ezekiel 1:4.

¹ Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone), c. 850 B.C.E.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrisches Handwörterbuch (Dl^HWB), 384.

³ Aramaic Inscription of Carpentras; compare Cook, Glossary of Aramaic Inscriptions.

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἔλαβεν λαβὲ λήμψῃ ἔλαβον λήμψεται

LXX Usage Statistics

H3947:

ἔλαβεν 254× (24.8%)

λαβὲ 73× (7.8%)

λήμψῃ 57× (5.7%)

ἔλαβον 57× (5.7%)

λήμψεται 50× (5.1%)

λαβεῖν 32× (3.4%)

λήμψονται 30× (3.0%)

λαβὼν 28× (2.7%)

λάβετε 25× (2.7%)

λήμψομαι 21× (2.1%)

מכם מִכֶּם

from yourselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

כם

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9036

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מָ

unknown • Root מה • Page 350

See מָה Note.

Prep-M, Suffix pronominal second person masculine plural

עמדתו עֶמְדָּתוֹ׃

his standing ground

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עמדה

ʻemdâh

Definition

a station, i.e. domicile

Root

from H5975 (עמד);

Exhaustive

from עמד; a station, i.e. domicile; standing.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5979

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֶמְדָּה

noun feminine • Root עמד • Strongs / High • Page 1104

A domicile.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֶמְדָּה

f. verbal noun • Root עמד • Page 514

An abiding place, a dwelling (Mic. 1:11).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H5979

I. [עֶמְדָּה] (1 occurrence) noun feminine — standing-ground.

— suffix עֶמְדָּתוֹ Micah 1:11 (יִקַּח מִכֶּם עֶמְדָּתוֹ); text dubious see Now.¹

¹ Wilhelm Nowack, Die kleinen Propheten (Handkommentar zum Alten Testament, 1897).

Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H5979:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

Beyond One/cross over to yourselves she who sits in Beauty ("Shaphir") in her cities/naked shame not she went out she who sits Flock ("Tsanan") a mourning house The Beside he is taking from yourselves his standing ground

RBT Paraphrase:
Cross over to yourselves, she who sits in Beauty ("Shaphir"), in her cities³ of shame! She has not gone out, she who sits in Flock ("Tsanan"), a lament in the House of The Beside ("Beth-Etzel"), he is taking away from yourselves his standing position!

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Pass away for you, thou fair one inhabiting the nakedness of shame: she inhabiting the place of flocks shall not go forth to the wailing of the house of firm root; he shall take from you his standing.

LITV Translation:
Pass over to them, O dweller of Shaphir, in nakedness of shame. The dweller of Zaanan has not gone out; the mourning of Bethezel shall take from you its place of standing.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
The inhabitant of Sennaar, fairly inhabiting her cities, came not forth to mourn for the house next to her: she shall receive of you the stroke of grief.

Footnotes

Mic. 1:11

Mic. 1:11

The Hebrew word "עריה" (ʿăryāh) can mean "her cities" or "naked", depending on the context.

• If it comes from "עיר" (ʿîr, meaning "city") in the possessive form, it means "her cities."
• If it comes from "עריה" (ʿăryāh) as a form of "ערום" (ʿārôm, meaning "naked"), it can mean "nakedness" or "bare."