Leviticus 27:31

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ואם וְאִם־

and if

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אם

ʼim

Definition

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

Root

a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle; used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not; (and, can-, doubtless, if, that) (not), [phrase] but, either, [phrase] except, [phrase] more(-over if, than), neither, nevertheless, nor, oh that, or, [phrase] save (only, -ing), seeing, since, sith, [phrase] surely (no more, none, not), though, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] unless, [phrase] verily, when, whereas, whether, while, [phrase] yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H518

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אִם

conjunction • Strongs_Numbers • Page 146

If; a conditional conjunction.

אִם

conjunction • Strongs_Numbers • Page 147

Conditional particle corresponding to 'if', 'whether', or 'although'. It is used with perfect and imperfect tenses to express conditions, repeated acts, or permanent states. In formulas of swearing (oaths), it implies a negative ('surely not'). It can also introduce a question.

אִם

conj. / particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 148

Conditional particle indicating 'if', 'whether', 'either...or'; also used as a particle of time: 'when', 'since'; a particle of wishing: 'oh if!', 'would that!'; and sometimes as an exclamation: 'behold!', 'lo!'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אִם

primitive particle • Page 54

1. adv. of time, when; referring either to time past, like the Germ. da, als, Am. 7: 2 when they had en-

אִם

conj. / adv. / interrog. particle • Page 55

A conditional and interrogative particle with multiple senses: 2. if, supposing that; 3. although (Judg. 13:16); 4. O that (Gen. 30:27); 5. whether... or (Ex. 19:13); 6. in swearing (not, that not; 2 Sam. 11:11); 7. perhaps that (Gen. 31:52); 8. interrogative (Jer. 3:5); 11. whether...not (Est. 4:14); 13. (אם-לא) if not, but (Gen. 24:58).

Conjunction, Particle

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0518a:

No stats available

גאל גָּאֹל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גאל

gâʼal

Definition

to be the next of kin (and as such to buy back a relative's property, marry his widow, etc.)

Root

a primitive root, to redeem (according to the Oriental law of kinship), i.e.

Exhaustive

a primitive root, to redeem (according to the Oriental law of kinship), i.e.; to be the next of kin (and as such to buy back a relative's property, marry his widow, etc.); [idiom] in any wise, [idiom] at all, avenger, deliver, (do, perform the part of near, next) kinsfolk(-man), purchase, ransom, redeem(-er), revenger.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1350

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גָּאַל

verb • Root גאל • Strongs / High • Page 292

A verb with a twofold signification: 1. to redeem, to be redeemed, to buy back. 2. to be polluted, defiled, soiled; to make unclean.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גָּאַל

verb • Page 122

I. 1. to demand back one's property; hence (1.) to repurchase or buy again an estate (Lev. 25:25, Ruth 4:4, 6); (2.) to redeem what has been vowed (Lev. 27:13, 15, 19, 20); (3.) to require satisfaction for bloodshed, to avenge the blood of one slain (Num. 35:19 ff., Deut. 19:6, 12, 20:5, 9). 2. to redeem, ransom (Lev. 25:49); hence to deliver or set free (Gen. 48:16, Ex. 6:6, Ps. 19:15, 103:4, 106:10, Is. 44:22, 48:20, 52:9). 3. signifies one nearest of kin who has the right of repurchase and avenging of blood. Lev.

גָּאַל

verb • Root גאל • Page 123

To redeem, act as a kinsman. Includes the obligation to marry the widow of a deceased relative (Ruth 3:13). References: Ruth 3:12, 1K.16:11, Ruth 3:13, Tob. 3:17, Lev. 25:30.

גָּאַל

verb • Root גאל • Page 123

To defile, pollute, disgrace. Job 3:5, Mal. 1:7, 12, Zeph. 3:1, Is. 59:3, Lam. 4:14, Is. 63:3, Dan. 1:8.

גָּאַל

verb • Root גאל • Page 123

To reject, exclude. In Syriac: to reject, be rejected. References: Ezra 2:62, Neh. 7:64.

Verb Qal infinitive absolute

LXX: ἀγχιστεύων λυτρῶται λυτρώσεται ἀγχιστεύοντοσ ῥυσάμενόσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1350a:

ἀγχιστεύων 8× (6.5%)

λυτρῶται 6× (5.7%)

λυτρώσεται 6× (5.6%)

ἀγχιστεύοντοσ 5× (3.9%)

ῥυσάμενόσ 5× (3.9%)

λυτρώσηται 4× (3.8%)

λυτρούμενοσ 4× (3.2%)

ἀγχιστεὺσ 4× (3.7%)

ἐλυτρώσατο 4× (3.7%)

ἐλυτρώσω 4× (3.8%)

יגאל יִגְאַל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גאל

gâʼal

Definition

to be the next of kin (and as such to buy back a relative's property, marry his widow, etc.)

Root

a primitive root, to redeem (according to the Oriental law of kinship), i.e.

Exhaustive

a primitive root, to redeem (according to the Oriental law of kinship), i.e.; to be the next of kin (and as such to buy back a relative's property, marry his widow, etc.); [idiom] in any wise, [idiom] at all, avenger, deliver, (do, perform the part of near, next) kinsfolk(-man), purchase, ransom, redeem(-er), revenger.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1350

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גָּאַל

verb • Root גאל • Strongs / High • Page 292

A verb with a twofold signification: 1. to redeem, to be redeemed, to buy back. 2. to be polluted, defiled, soiled; to make unclean.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גָּאַל

verb • Page 122

I. 1. to demand back one's property; hence (1.) to repurchase or buy again an estate (Lev. 25:25, Ruth 4:4, 6); (2.) to redeem what has been vowed (Lev. 27:13, 15, 19, 20); (3.) to require satisfaction for bloodshed, to avenge the blood of one slain (Num. 35:19 ff., Deut. 19:6, 12, 20:5, 9). 2. to redeem, ransom (Lev. 25:49); hence to deliver or set free (Gen. 48:16, Ex. 6:6, Ps. 19:15, 103:4, 106:10, Is. 44:22, 48:20, 52:9). 3. signifies one nearest of kin who has the right of repurchase and avenging of blood. Lev.

גָּאַל

verb • Root גאל • Page 123

To redeem, act as a kinsman. Includes the obligation to marry the widow of a deceased relative (Ruth 3:13). References: Ruth 3:12, 1K.16:11, Ruth 3:13, Tob. 3:17, Lev. 25:30.

גָּאַל

verb • Root גאל • Page 123

To defile, pollute, disgrace. Job 3:5, Mal. 1:7, 12, Zeph. 3:1, Is. 59:3, Lam. 4:14, Is. 63:3, Dan. 1:8.

גָּאַל

verb • Root גאל • Page 123

To reject, exclude. In Syriac: to reject, be rejected. References: Ezra 2:62, Neh. 7:64.

Verb Qal imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἀγχιστεύων λυτρῶται λυτρώσεται ἀγχιστεύοντοσ ῥυσάμενόσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1350a:

ἀγχιστεύων 8× (6.5%)

λυτρῶται 6× (5.7%)

λυτρώσεται 6× (5.6%)

ἀγχιστεύοντοσ 5× (3.9%)

ῥυσάμενόσ 5× (3.9%)

λυτρώσηται 4× (3.8%)

λυτρούμενοσ 4× (3.2%)

ἀγχιστεὺσ 4× (3.7%)

ἐλυτρώσατο 4× (3.7%)

ἐλυτρώσω 4× (3.8%)

איש אישׁ

a man/each one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

איש

ʼîysh

Definition

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

Root

contracted for H582 (אנוש) (or perhaps rather from an unused root meaning to be extant);

Exhaustive

contracted for אנוש (or perhaps rather from an unused root meaning to be extant); a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation); also, another, any (man), a certain, [phrase] champion, consent, each, every (one), fellow, (foot-, husband-) man, (good-, great, mighty) man, he, high (degree), him (that is), husband, man(-kind), [phrase] none, one, people, person, [phrase] steward, what (man) soever, whoso(-ever), worthy. Compare אשה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H376

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אִישׁ

noun masculine • Root אש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 117

1. a man, prop. strong; generally a man with relation to strength, courage and valour; a husband; with reference to sex, male, masculine (applied to men and beasts).

אִישׁ

noun masculine • Root אנש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 119

Used distributively as 'any one', 'each', 'every one'; used reciprocally as 'one another' (lit. a man to his brother); also used to express an antithetic or additional member.

אִישׁ

noun masculine • Root אנש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 929

Man. Example of a word where Nun is absorbed, from an older form אִנְשׁ.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אִישׁ

m. prim. irreg. • Root אנש אנוש • Page 46

1. man, i. q. Lat. vir; used collectively; often in apposition before other substantives (e.g., אִישׁ סָרִיס an eunuch, Jer. 38:7). Used as a designation of sex, even in animals (Gen. 7:2); hence a husband (Gen. 3:16). 2. joined with substantives to denote a possessor of a quality (e.g., אִישׁ אָוֶן a wicked wretch). 3. followed by אָח or רֵעַ, 'the one... the other'. 4. any one, some one (Ex. 16:29). 5. every one (Ex. 16:29). 6. used impersonally like French 'on' or German 'man' (1 Sam. 9:9).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0376:

No stats available

ממעשרו מִמַּעַשְׂרוֹ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מעשר

maʻăsêr

Definition

a tenth; especially a tithe

Root

or מעשר; and (in plural) feminine מעשרה; from H6240 (עשר);

Exhaustive

or מעשר; and (in plural) feminine מעשרה; from עשר; a tenth; especially a tithe; tenth (part), tithe(-ing).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4643

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מַעֲשֵׂר

masculine noun • Root עשר • Strongs / High • Page 889

the tenth, i.e. the tenth part of the produce of the field, of flocks and herds, which was given to the priests. Also occurs as מַעְשַׂר.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מַעֲשֵׂר

noun masculine • Root עשר, עשר • Page 395

the tenth part, tithes. Gen. 14: 20; Deut. 14: 23, 28; 26 : 12.

Prep-M, Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: ἐπιδέκατα ἐπιδέκατον δεκάτην δεκάτη

LXX Usage Statistics

H4643:

ἐπιδέκατα 9× (26.7%)

ἐπιδέκατον 8× (25.8%)

δεκάτην 6× (18.7%)

δεκάτη 2× (7.1%)

חמשיתו חֲמִשִׁיתוֹ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חמישי

chămîyshîy

Definition

fifth; also a fifth

Root

or חמשי; ordinal from H2568 (חמש);

Exhaustive

or חמשי; ordinal from חמש; fifth; also a fifth; fifth (part).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2549

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֲמִישִׁי

numeral / ordinal / masculine • Root חמש • Strongs / High • Page 501

The fifth (masculine ordinal number). The feminine form is חֲמִישִׁית.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חֲמִישִׁי

adjective / fem. חֲמִישִׁית • Page 235

Fifth. Used for 'the fifth part' (Gen. 47:24). Plural: חֲמִישִׁיֹּת, its fifth parts (Lev. 5:24).

Adjective ordinal number feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: πέμπτῳ πέμπτοσ ἐπίπεμπτον πέμπτον πέμπτῃ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2549:

πέμπτῳ 11× (25.6%)

πέμπτοσ 10× (22.9%)

ἐπίπεμπτον 8× (17.8%)

πέμπτον 4× (9.3%)

πέμπτῃ 3× (7.0%)

יסף יֹסֵף

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יסף

yâçaph

Definition

to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing); add, [idiom] again, [idiom] any more, [idiom] cease, [idiom] come more, [phrase] conceive again, continue, exceed, [idiom] further, [idiom] gather together, get more, give more-over, [idiom] henceforth, increase (more and more), join, [idiom] longer (bring, do, make, much, put), [idiom] (the, much, yet) more (and more), proceed (further), prolong, put, be (strong-) er, [idiom] yet, yield.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3254

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָסַף

verb • Root יסף • Strongs / High • Page 620

To add, increase, or do something again. Used as an auxiliary verb, it means 'again', 'more', 'further'. Primary meanings include: to add to, bring together, increase, give abundantly, exceed, enhance, multiply, augment, and to become richer.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָסַף

verb • Page 287

(Entry continued on next page) In Kal and Hiphil, future יוֹסִיף.

יָסַף

verb • Root יסף • Page 288

1. to add; construed with an accusative and עַל (Lev. 5: 16) or אֶל (2 Sam. 24: 3). 2. to increase, enlarge (Ps. 71: 14, Ezek. 23: 14). 3. it expresses the repetition or continuance of an action, rendered as 'again', 'further', or 'more' (Gen. 4: 2, 37: 5). Includes Niph. נּוֹסַף 'to be added' (Ex. 1: 10) and Hoph. הוּסַף 'to be added' (Dan. 4: 33).

יָסַף

chald. v. • Root יסף • Page 288

Chaldee; same as the Hebrew word (idem) meaning to add or increase.

Verb Hiphil imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: προσέθετο προσθήσει προσθήσω προσθείη προσέθεντο

LXX Usage Statistics

H3254:

προσέθετο 26× (11.0%)

προσθήσει 26× (12.0%)

προσθήσω 21× (9.7%)

προσθείη 16× (7.5%)

προσέθεντο 14× (6.0%)

προσέθηκεν 7× (3.0%)

προστεθήσεται 7× (3.2%)

προσθεῖναι 5× (2.3%)

προσθῇσ 5× (2.4%)

προσθήσεσθε 5× (2.4%)

עליו עָלָיו׃

upon himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

ו

Definition

him, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9033

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And if redeeming, a man shall redeem from his tenth, he shall add to its fifth upon it.

LITV Translation:
And if a man really redeems any of his tithes, he shall add its fifth to it.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And if a man should at all redeem his tithe, he shall add the fifth part to it, and it shall be his.