Leviticus 26:10

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ואכלתם וַאֲכַלְתֶּם

and you have eaten

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אכל

ʼâkal

Definition

to eat (literally or figuratively)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively); [idiom] at all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up), feed (with), food, [idiom] freely, [idiom] in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay) meat, [idiom] quite.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H398

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָכַל

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 123

prop. to annihilate, to rub away, hence 1. to eat, applied to men. 2. to animals, figuratively, to devour somewhat.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָכַל

verb • Page 48

1. To eat; applied to men and animals. Figuratively applied to the sword, fire, hunger, and pestilence. 2. To consume, destroy (Deut. 7:16; Jer. 10:25). 3. To enjoy (Prov. 30:20). Includes various forms: Niph. (to be eaten), Pu. (to be consumed), Hiph. (to feed/cause to eat), Hoph. (to be made shorter).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect second person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0398:

No stats available

ישן יָשָׁן

asleep

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ישן

yâshân

Definition

old

Root

from H3462 (ישן);

Exhaustive

from ישן; old; old.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3465

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יִשֵּׁן

verb • Root ישן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 659

To cause to sleep (Piel form of יָשֵׁן).

Matched via consonantal key only

יָשֵׁן

verb • Root ישן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 659

Intransitive verb meaning to sink down from exhaustion and weariness; to be languid, inactive, weary; hence to sleep, to fall asleep. Metaphorically, of inactivity or the sleep of death.

Matched via consonantal key only

יָשֵׁן

adjective • Root ישן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 659

Adjective with two meanings: 1. (from the root for 'to sleep') sleeping, asleep. 2. (from the root for 'to shine') a Shining one.

Matched via consonantal key only

יָשֵׁן

verb • Root אשן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 420

I. (not used) intr. same as אָשַׁן I. to be strong, firm. Derivat. perhaps יָשָׁן strong, as an epithet of Jah. Derivat. the proper name יָשִׁין.

Matched via consonantal key only

יָשַׁן

verb • Root ישן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 659

I. (not used in Qal) to be juiceless, weak, fading, old.

Matched via consonantal key only

יָשָׁן

verb • Root ישן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 659

II. (not used in Qal) intransitive verb meaning to shine, glitter, light.

Matched via consonantal key only

יָשָׁן

adjective • Root ישן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 659

Old, belonging to a former year. Spoken of grain, fruit. Metaphorically, old, of an aqueduct, a pool, or a gate.

Matched via consonantal key only

יָשָׁן

adjective • Root ישן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 659

Used in the phrase יֶשֶׁן בֵּית כֹּר, an old place, i.e., old Beth-Cor.

Matched via consonantal key only

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: παλαιά παλαιὰ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3465:

παλαιά 3× (41.4%)

παλαιὰ 2× (25.5%)

נושן נוֹשָׁן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ישן

yâshên

Definition

properly, to be slack or languid, i.e. (by implication) sleep (figuratively, to die); also to grow old, stale or inveterate

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to be slack or languid, i.e. (by implication) sleep (figuratively, to die); also to grow old, stale or inveterate; old (store), remain long, (make to) sleep.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3462

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּית יֵשַׁן

noun proper • Lemma_Lookup • Page 241

See בֵּית כַּר.

גִּישָׁן

noun proper • Root גוש • Lemma_Lookup • Page 322

A proper name, Gishan.

דִּישָׁן

noun proper masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 367

Proper name, masculine. A variant of דִּישׁוֹן.

דִּישֹׁן

noun masculine • Root דוש • Lemma_Lookup • Page 367

1. mountain-goat or antelope, prop. leaper. 2. A proper name of some Edomites, probably a designation of mountaineers.

יִשֵּׁן

verb • Root ישן • Lemma_Lookup • Page 659

To cause to sleep (Piel form of יָשֵׁן).

יָשֵׁן

verb • Root ישן • Lemma_Lookup • Page 659

Intransitive verb meaning to sink down from exhaustion and weariness; to be languid, inactive, weary; hence to sleep, to fall asleep. Metaphorically, of inactivity or the sleep of death.

יָשֵׁן

adjective • Root ישן • Lemma_Lookup • Page 659

Adjective with two meanings: 1. (from the root for 'to sleep') sleeping, asleep. 2. (from the root for 'to shine') a Shining one.

יָשֵׁן

verb • Root אשן • Lemma_Lookup • Page 420

I. (not used) intr. same as אָשַׁן I. to be strong, firm. Derivat. perhaps יָשָׁן strong, as an epithet of Jah. Derivat. the proper name יָשִׁין.

יָשַׁן

verb • Root ישן • Lemma_Lookup • Page 659

I. (not used in Qal) to be juiceless, weak, fading, old.

יָשָׁן

verb • Root ישן • Lemma_Lookup • Page 659

II. (not used in Qal) intransitive verb meaning to shine, glitter, light.

יָשָׁן

adjective • Root ישן • Lemma_Lookup • Page 659

Old, belonging to a former year. Spoken of grain, fruit. Metaphorically, old, of an aqueduct, a pool, or a gate.

יָשָׁן

adjective • Root ישן • Lemma_Lookup • Page 659

Used in the phrase יֶשֶׁן בֵּית כֹּר, an old place, i.e., old Beth-Cor.

Verb Niphal participle active masculine singular absolute

LXX: ὑπνώσωσιν ὑπνώσω ὕπνωσεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3462:

ὑπνώσωσιν 2× (10.8%)

ὑπνώσω 2× (10.8%)

ὕπνωσεν 2× (9.9%)

וישן וְיָשָׁ֕ן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ישן

yâshân

Definition

old

Root

from H3462 (ישן);

Exhaustive

from ישן; old; old.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3465

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יִשֵּׁן

verb • Root ישן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 659

To cause to sleep (Piel form of יָשֵׁן).

Matched via consonantal key only

יָשֵׁן

verb • Root ישן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 659

Intransitive verb meaning to sink down from exhaustion and weariness; to be languid, inactive, weary; hence to sleep, to fall asleep. Metaphorically, of inactivity or the sleep of death.

Matched via consonantal key only

יָשֵׁן

adjective • Root ישן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 659

Adjective with two meanings: 1. (from the root for 'to sleep') sleeping, asleep. 2. (from the root for 'to shine') a Shining one.

Matched via consonantal key only

יָשֵׁן

verb • Root אשן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 420

I. (not used) intr. same as אָשַׁן I. to be strong, firm. Derivat. perhaps יָשָׁן strong, as an epithet of Jah. Derivat. the proper name יָשִׁין.

Matched via consonantal key only

יָשַׁן

verb • Root ישן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 659

I. (not used in Qal) to be juiceless, weak, fading, old.

Matched via consonantal key only

יָשָׁן

verb • Root ישן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 659

II. (not used in Qal) intransitive verb meaning to shine, glitter, light.

Matched via consonantal key only

יָשָׁן

adjective • Root ישן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 659

Old, belonging to a former year. Spoken of grain, fruit. Metaphorically, old, of an aqueduct, a pool, or a gate.

Matched via consonantal key only

יָשָׁן

adjective • Root ישן • Consonantal / Medium • Page 659

Used in the phrase יֶשֶׁן בֵּית כֹּר, an old place, i.e., old Beth-Cor.

Matched via consonantal key only

Conjunction, Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: παλαιά παλαιὰ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3465:

παλαιά 3× (41.4%)

παλαιὰ 2× (25.5%)

מפני מִפְּנֵי

from the faces

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

פנים

pânîym

Definition

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)

Root

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from H6437 (פנה));

Exhaustive

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun פנה; from פנה); the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.); [phrase] accept, a-(be-) fore(-time), against, anger, [idiom] as (long as), at, [phrase] battle, [phrase] because (of), [phrase] beseech, countenance, edge, [phrase] employ, endure, [phrase] enquire, face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, [idiom] him(-self), [phrase] honourable, [phrase] impudent, [phrase] in, it, look(-eth) (-s), [idiom] me, [phrase] meet, [idiom] more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), [idiom] on, open, [phrase] out of, over against, the partial, person, [phrase] please, presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, [phrase] regard, right forth, [phrase] serve, [idiom] shewbread, sight, state, straight, [phrase] street, [idiom] thee, [idiom] them(-selves), through ([phrase] -out), till, time(-s) past, (un-) to(-ward), [phrase] upon, upside ([phrase] down), with(-in, [phrase] -stand), [idiom] ye, [idiom] you.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6440

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פָּנִים

m. pl. • Root פנה • Strongs / High • Page 1177

Properly the visible, external side. 1. The upper surface, superficies (of earth, water, covering); outside, aspect. 2. The face (the visible part, often as a collective idea).

פָּנִים

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1178

Face, countenances, presence, visibility. Used idiomatically for proximity (without delay), the front (of a thing), direction, look, mien (serenity, sadness); also used reflexively for the personal pronoun ('I myself').

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פָּנִים

noun masculine plural • Page 546

1. A face, countenance (Ezek. 1:6, Gen. 32:31). 2. Appearance, looks (1 Sam. 1:18, Job 9:27). 3. Surface, facies, superficies (Gen. 2:6, Is. 14:21, Job 38:30). 4. The front or forepart, as in an army (Joel 2:20, Ezek. 2:10, Deut. 2:10). 5. Equivalent to פֶּה a mouth or edge (Ecc. 10:10). 6. A person, personal presence (Ex. 33:14, 2 Sam. 17:11, Lam. 4:16). 7. Combined with prepositions, especially לִפְנֵי (before, in space or time, east of, or against).

Prep-M, Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: προσώπου πρόσωπον ἐναντίον ἐνώπιον ἔναντι

LXX Usage Statistics

H6440:

προσώπου 450× (19.3%)

πρόσωπον 321× (14.0%)

ἐναντίον 190× (9.5%)

ἐνώπιον 176× (8.9%)

ἔναντι 157× (7.9%)

πρόσωπόν 105× (4.6%)

ἔμπροσθεν 82× (4.0%)

ἐνώπιόν 48× (2.4%)

--- 45× (2.3%)

'' 43× (1.8%)

חדש חָדָשׁ

he has renewed/new

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חדש

châdâsh

Definition

new

Root

from H2318 (חדש);

Exhaustive

from חדש; new; fresh, new thing.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2319

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָדָשׁ

adjective • Root חדש • Strongs / High • Page 462

New; unknown; substantively, a new or unusual thing. Also, sharp, glittering.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָדָשׁ

verb • Root חדש • Page 216

new, in all its various significations.—Fresh, recens, (antith. יָשָׁן) Lev. 26:10.—new, unheard of, Ecc. 1:9, 10.—חֲדָשָׁה something new, Is. 43:19.

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: καινόν καινὴν καινὰ καινήν ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H2319:

καινόν 9× (16.9%)

καινὴν 7× (13.3%)

καινὰ 4× (7.0%)

καινήν 3× (5.7%)

'' 3× (4.9%)

καινή 2× (3.8%)

καινὸσ 2× (3.8%)

καινοῖσ 2× (3.8%)

νέαν 2× (3.8%)

καινὸν 2× (3.8%)

תוציאו תּוֹצִיאוּ׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יצא

yâtsâʼ

Definition

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.; [idiom] after, appear, [idiom] assuredly, bear out, [idiom] begotten, break out, bring forth (out, up), carry out, come (abroad, out, thereat, without), [phrase] be condemned, depart(-ing, -ure), draw forth, in the end, escape, exact, fail, fall (out), fetch forth (out), get away (forth, hence, out), (able to, cause to, let) go abroad (forth, on, out), going out, grow, have forth (out), issue out, lay (lie) out, lead out, pluck out, proceed, pull out, put away, be risen, [idiom] scarce, send with commandment, shoot forth, spread, spring out, stand out, [idiom] still, [idiom] surely, take forth (out), at any time, [idiom] to (and fro), utter.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3318

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָצָא

verb • Root יצא • Strongs / High • Page 631

intransitive verb, 1. expressing self-activity, to go out, to go forth.

יָצָא

verb • Root יצא • Strongs / High • Page 632

To go out, go forth, come out, proceed. It has a wide range of applications including to walk, to go to war, to travel, to be freed, to be born, to sprout, to arise, to appear, to escape, to be published or issued.

יָצָא

verb • Root יצא • Strongs / High • Page 929

A root that interchanges with נָצָה, showing y/n interchange.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָצָא

verb • Page 292

To go out, to go forth. Gen. 44:4, Amos 4:3. Special meanings: (1) to arise (sun/stars) Gen. 19:23; (2) to spring up (plants) Job 5:6; (3) to be begotten or descended from Gen. 17:6; (4) to expire, be finished (time) Ex. 23:16; (5) to become free Ex. 21:2; (6) to be laid out or expended (money) 2 K. 12:13; (7) to escape Ecc. 7:18.

Verb Hiphil imperfect second person masculine plural

LXX: ἐξῆλθεν ἐξελεύσεται ἐξῆλθον ἐξήγαγεν ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3318:

ἐξῆλθεν 178× (15.7%)

ἐξελεύσεται 78× (7.2%)

ἐξῆλθον 39× (3.4%)

ἐξήγαγεν 39× (3.5%)

'' 25× (2.1%)

ἐξελθεῖν 23× (1.9%)

αὐτοὺσ 23× (1.6%)

ἐξελεύσονται 22× (2.0%)

ἐκπορευόμενοσ 21× (1.7%)

ἐξήγαγον 19× (1.7%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And ye ate of the old, being dry, and ye shall bring forth the old from before the new.

LITV Translation:
And you shall eat very old provision, and clear away the old because of the new.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And ye shall eat that which is old and very old, and bring forth the old to make way for the new.