Leviticus 22:28

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ושור וְשׁוֹר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שור

shôwr

Definition

a bullock (as a traveller)

Root

from H7788 (שור);

Exhaustive

from שור; a bullock (as a traveller); bull(-ock), cow, ox, wall (by mistake for שור).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7794

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שׁוֹר

noun • Root שור • Strongs / High • Page 735

An ox. Mentioned as the proper word used in a parallel passage (Ez. 10:14) for one of the Cherub's faces.

שׁוֹר

noun masculine • Root שור • Strongs / High • Page 1401

A bullock or ox for ploughing; commonly one of neat cattle, without respect to age or sex; sometimes refers to a cow. (Sense I)

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שׁוֹר

m. plur. שְׁוָרִים • Page 662

an ox, an animal of the ox kind, without respect to age or sex (Is. 1:3, Ex. 22:1, Lev. 22:23, 28, Num. 18:17, Deut. 14:4).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7794

I. שׁוֺר (approximate number of occurrences: 78) noun masculine¹ — a head of cattle, bullock, ox, etc. (often + חֲמוֺר, שֶׂה).

— שׁוֺר absolute Isaiah 1:3 +; construct שׁוֺר Exodus 21:35 +; suffix שׁוֹרוֹ Exodus 20:17 +; plural שְׁוָרִים Hosea 12:2.

1. General uses and characteristics

Usually a single head of cattle, without emphasis on sex (opposed to בָּקָר collective Exodus 21:37; Numbers 7:3):

a. As property, spoil of war, etc.

• Exodus 20:17 (Elohist Source) = Deuteronomy 5:18
• Deuteronomy 5:14
• Exodus 21:33 (Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 22:4
• Exodus 21:37 (+ בָּקָר)
• Exodus 22:3; Exodus 22:8; Exodus 22:9; Exodus 22:29; Exodus 23:12 (all Elohist Source)
• Deuteronomy 22:1
• Genesis 49:6 (Poem in Jehovist Source)
• Deuteronomy 28:31
• Judges 6:4
• 1 Samuel 12:3
• Job 24:3

b. Physical actions and traits

• As licking up (לָחַךְ) grass Numbers 22:4 (Jehovist Source)
• Feeding Psalm 106:20 (of golden calf); compare Isaiah 7:25; Isaiah 32:30
• Lowing Job 6:5
• As intelligent Isaiah 1:3
• Vicious (goring נָגַח) Exodus 21:28 + 11 times in Exodus 21 (Elohist Source)

c. In labor

• Used in ploughing Deuteronomy 22:10
• Threshing Deuteronomy 25:4; compare Proverbs 14:4
• Drawing wagon Numbers 7:3 (Priests' Code; opposed to בָּקָר collective)
• מְּנֵי שׁ Ezekiel 1:10

2. Specific Gender and Number

a. Specifically masculine or feminine

• Of male Job 21:10 (opposed to מָּרָה)
• Of female Leviticus 22:28 (Holiness Code); perhaps also Numbers 18:17 (Priests' Code)
• Apparently generic Deuteronomy 15:19
• Deuteronomy 33:17 (Poem, figurative)

b. Collective

• Genesis 32:6 (+ צאֹן)
• Exodus 34:19; compare Leviticus 27:26 (Priests' Code)
• Joshua 6:21; Joshua 7:24 (all Jehovist Source)
• 1 Samuel 15:3; 1 Samuel 22:19

3. Slaughter and Sacrifice

a. For food or slaughter

• As slaughtered Proverbs 7:22
• For food 1 Samuel 14:34 (but read אֲשֶׁר with Septuagint, Thenius, Wellhausen, Driver)
• 1 Kings 1:19, 25; Deuteronomy 14:4
• Leviticus 17:3 (Holiness Code); compare Nehemiah 5:18 (אֶחָד שׁ׳)
• Proverbs 15:17

b. For sacrifice

• Judges 6:25 (מַּרהַֿשּׁ׳, text strange, compare G. F. Moore)
• Psalm 69:32 (שׁוֺר מָּר, but join מָּר to following clause, Baethgen)
• 2 Samuel 6:13; Hosea 12:12
• Leviticus 9:4, 18 (Priests' Code)
• Leviticus 22:23, 27 (Holiness Code)
• Numbers 15:11 (Priests' Code)
• Deuteronomy 17:1; Deuteronomy 18:3
• Leviticus 7:23; Leviticus 9:19
• מִשּׁוֺר זֶבַח Leviticus 4:10 (Priests' Code)
• Illicit sacrifice Isaiah 66:3

Aramaic

I. תּוֺר noun masculine bullock (Targum, Syriac; Biblical Hebrew שׁוֺר, √ III. שׁור).

1. for sacrifice
   • plural absolute תּוֺרִין Ezra 6:9, 17
2. eating grass
   • Daniel 4:22; Daniel 4:29; Daniel 4:30; Daniel 5:21

¹ Nehemiah 5:18.

Conjunction, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: μόσχον μόσχου βοῦσ ταῦροσ μόσχοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7794:

μόσχον 22× (25.7%)

μόσχου 10× (11.4%)

βοῦσ 7× (8.0%)

ταῦροσ 6× (6.5%)

μόσχοσ 5× (6.0%)

ταῦρον 5× (5.8%)

ταύρου 4× (4.7%)

μόσχῳ 3× (3.4%)

μόσχουσ 3× (3.4%)

βοὸσ 3× (3.2%)

או אוֹ־

or

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

או

ʼôw

Definition

desire (and so probably in Proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if

Root

presumed to be the 'constructive' or genitival form of או ; short for H185 (אוה);

Exhaustive

presumed to be the 'constructive' or genitival form of או ; short for אוה; desire (and so probably in Proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if; also, and, either, if, at the least, [idiom] nor, or, otherwise, then, whether.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H176

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אוֹ

conjunction • Strongs_Numbers • Page 74

1. Conj. The inclusive and exclusive 'or', hence 'either', 'vel' or 'aut'. Can also mean 'or rather', 'if perhaps', or 'unless'.

אוֹ

adverb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 74

2. As an interrogative 'where?' (K'tib form, while K'ri reads אֵי).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹ

conj. prim. • Page 29

1. if, if perhaps; 2. but if; 3. and if; 4. most frequently, or. (1 Sam. 20:10; Gen. 24:55; Lev. 26:41; Ex. 21:36; 2 Sam. 18:13; Is. 27:5; Lev. 4:23).

אוֹ

keth. • Root אוה • Page 29

probably to be pointed אֱוִי, meaning desire, inclination. (Prov. 31:4).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H176

I. או (approximate number of occurrences: 320) conjunction — or (whether aut or vel).

Cognates:

• Aramaic אבג
• Arabic אל
• Syriac הון

1. Basic Disjunctive Use

• Genesis 24:49; Genesis 31:43; Exodus 4:11; Song of Solomon 2:9; Leviticus 13:24; Numbers 5:30 + often (especially in laws); sometimes implying a preference, nearly = or rather Genesis 24:55 יָמִים או עָשׂוֹר a few days or ten Judges 18:19; 1 Samuel 29:3.
• Prefixed to the first as well as to the second alternative (rare) either (whether) ... or Leviticus 5:1; Leviticus 13:48, Leviticus 13:51; = or, if not Ezekiel 21:15 (if true reading) ¹ Malachi 2:17; Job 16:3; Job 22:11.

2. Introducing a Sentence or Particular Case

• Especially a particular case under a general principle, or = or if Exodus 21:31 או בֵּן יִגַּח וְג or if he gore a son, etc. Exodus 21:36; Leviticus 4:23, Leviticus 4:28 (see Dillmann²) Leviticus 5:21; Leviticus 5:22; Leviticus 25:49 ב; Numbers 5:14; 2 Samuel 18:13 or if I had dealt falsely against his life, then, etc., Ezekiel 14:17, Ezekiel 14:19 or if I send, etc.

3. If Perchance

• 1 Samuel 20:10 if perchance thy father answer thee with something hard, Leviticus 26:41.

4. With Jussive = Except

• Once, with the jussive (as in Arabic with the subjunctive see Driver³ §175) = except: Isaiah 27:5 I would burn them together, או יַחֲזֵק בְּמָעֻזִּי or else let him take hold (= except he take hold) of my stronghold, etc.

II. [או] noun masculine construct או, Kethib Proverbs 31:4 desire, so Gesenius' Thesaurus⁴ Gesenius, Handwörterbuch edd. F. Mühlau & W. Volck⁵; but < Qere אִי quod vide.

¹ si vera lectio: if true reading.

² A. Dillmann.

³ S. R. Driver, Hebrew Tenses.

⁴ W. Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae.

⁵ Gesenius, Handwörterbuch edd. F. Mühlau & W. Volck.

Conjunction

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0176a:

No stats available

שה שֶׂה

each lamb

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שה

seh

Definition

a member of a flock, i.e. a sheep or goat

Root

or שי; probably from H7582 (שאה) through the idea of pushing out to graze;

Exhaustive

or שי; probably from שאה through the idea of pushing out to graze; a member of a flock, i.e. a sheep or goat; (lesser, small) cattle, ewe, goat, lamb, sheep. Compare זה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7716

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שֶׂה

comm. prop. part. • Strongs / High • Page 1388

(prop. part. of שָׂה like פְּאֵה of פָּאָה) comm. prop. the young, of sheep and goats (as צֹאן is used of sheep and goats). Commonly a lamb or young goat.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שֶׂה

com. gen. • Root שיה • Page 635

One of the smaller cattle, a sheep or goat. Sometimes defined more accurately in Deut. 14:4. Gen. 22: 7, 8; 30: 32; Ex. 12: 3 ff.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7716

I. שֶׂה noun masculine Genesis 30:32 and (less often) feminine Jeremiah 50:17 — one of a flock, a sheep (or goat).

Cognates:

• Assyrian šuju
• Arabic شاة, plural شياه, شَوَاهٍ (also wild ox)
• Egyptian sau (Bondi¹, compare Barth²)

— שֶׂה absolute Genesis 30:32 +; construct שֵׂה Isaiah 43:23 +; suffix שֵׂיוֺ Deuteronomy 22:1, שְׂיֵ֫הוּ 1 Samuel 14:34; not in plural.

1. A sheep or goat

Noun of individual meaning of צאֹן:

a. As property and general usage

• Genesis 32:32 (twice) (Yahwist Source; + צאֹן collective, כְּשָׂבִים, עִזִּים)
• Exodus 21:37 (twice) (+ שׁוֺר, צאֹן collective)
• Exodus 22:3, 8, 9 (Elohist Source; + שׁוֺר, חֲמוֺר)
• Deuteronomy 22:1 (+ שׁוֺר)
• 1 Samuel 17:34 (זה Kt erroneous, see Baer³)
• Isaiah 7:25 (roaming pasture)
• Psalm 119:176 (simile of straying)
• Isaiah 53:7 (slaughtered, in simile)
• Judges 6:4; 1 Samuel 22:19; Joshua 6:21 (Yahwist Source)
• 1 Samuel 15:3 (+ גָּמָל)

b. As sacrifice

• Genesis 22:7–8 (Yahwist Source)
• Exodus 13:13
• Leviticus 5:12; 12:8; Numbers 15:11 (Priests' Code; שׂ׳ בַּכְּבָשִׂים אוֺ בָּעִזִּים)
• Deuteronomy 18:3 (+ שׁוֺר)
• Isaiah 43:23; 66:3 (+ שׁוֺר)
• Ezekiel 45:15 (מִן הַצּאֹן)
• Exodus 34:19, 20 (Yahwist Source; + שׁוֺר)
• Leviticus 22:28 (Holiness Code; fit for sacrifice)
• Deuteronomy 17:1 (unfit; + שׁוֺר)

c. As food and Passover

• 1 Samuel 14:34 (+ שׁוֺר)
• Deuteronomy 14:4 (שׂ׳ כְּשָׂבִים וְשׂ׳ עִזִּים)
• Exodus 12:3 (twice), 4 (twice), 5 (Priests' Code; for Passover)

d. Figurative

• Ezekiel 34:17 (twice), 20, 22 (figurative of Israel; parallel אֵילִים, עַתּוּדִים)

2. Collective flock

שֶׂה פְזוּרָה Jeremiah 50:17 (= צאֹן אֹבְדוֺת Jeremiah 50:6).

¹ J. H. Bondi, Dem hebräisch-phönizischen Sprachschatze entlehnte Lehnwörter aus dem Ägyptischen (1892), 65.

² J. Barth, Die Nominalbildung in den semitischen Sprachen (1894), § 2 b.

³ S. Baer, Liber Regum (1895).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: πρόβατον προβάτου ὡσ προβάτῳ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H7716:

πρόβατον 23× (45.7%)

προβάτου 10× (20.1%)

ὡσ 2× (4.3%)

προβάτῳ 2× (4.3%)

--- 2× (4.3%)

pεἰσ 2× (4.3%)

אתו אֹתוֹ

his eternal self

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

ו

Definition

him, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9033

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אֵת

preposition • Page 82

1. with, together with (Gen. 4:1); 2. with, near by (Gen. 39:6); 3. in or on a place (1 Sam. 7:16); 4. besides (1 K. 11:25); 5. towards, erga (Ruth 2:20, 2 Sam. 16:17).

אֵת

i. m. subst. • Page 81

Ploughshare. Inflected in two ways as אֵתִים and אֵתִין. References: 1 Sam. 13: 20, 21; Is. 2: 4; Joel 4: 10 [3:10]. Its etymology is suggested to be related to the word מַחֲרֶשֶׁת.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H853

I. אֵת — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite idem, Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f., Samaritan ܢܡ; Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been ʾiwyaṯ, originally a substantive with following Genitive, Ol p. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוּת sign from √ אוָה is uncertain: Ol W AG i. § 188 Lag M i. 226 affirm, Nö ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוּת; the forms with אֵת, אֶת being abbreviated. In post-Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוּתוֹ הַיּוֹם = Biblical Hebrew בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא, בְּאוּתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוּתוֹ הָאִישׁ = Biblical Hebrew הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.)
• Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos
• Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f.
• Samaritan ܢܡ
• Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189
• Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כָּל), or by a Genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names

• a. With transitive verbs:
  • Genesis 1:1, 16, 29, 30; Genesis 2:11; Genesis 4:1, 2; Genesis 9:3 (אֶת־כָּל) etc.
  • Similarly אֶת־מִי whom (in particular), Joshua 24:15; 1 Samuel 12:3; 1 Samuel 28:11; Isaiah 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶת־מָה); also with זֶה Genesis 29:33; Genesis 44:29; 1 Samuel 21:16; 1 Kings 22:27 +, זֹאת Genesis 29:27; 2 Samuel 13:27 +, אַחֲלֶה Genesis 46:18; Leviticus 11:18; Isaiah 49:21 +.
  • So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry אֵת is commonly dispensed with.
  • By the use of אֵת with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Genesis 7:1; Genesis 24:14; Genesis 37:4; Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 11:33; Numbers 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 6:13, 23; Deuteronomy 13:5; Judges 14:3 אוּתָהּ קַח־לִי take for me her, 1 Samuel 14:35; 1 Samuel 15:1; 1 Samuel 18:17; 1 Samuel 21:10 אִם־אֶת־הָהִיא תִּקַּח־לְךָ קַח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1 Kings 1:35; 1 Kings 14:9; Isaiah 43:22; Isaiah 57:11; Jeremiah 9:2.
  • So הָאוּתִי Jeremiah 5:22; Jeremiah 7:19.
  • It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jeremiah 7:19; Ezekiel 34:2.
  • Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew § 277 d 2 Ges § 117, 1, R. 2), as Exodus 21:28; Numbers 21:9; Leviticus 20:14; 1 Samuel 24:6 (but see Dr) 2 Samuel 4:11; 2 Samuel 18:18; 2 Samuel 23:21; or which, though definite, is without the article, Genesis 21:30; 2 Samuel 15:16; Leviticus 26:5; 1 Samuel 9:3 (so Numbers 16:15) Isaiah 33:19; Isaiah 41:7; Ezekiel 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.).
• b. With a passive verb (Ges § 121. 1 Ew § 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Genesis 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֹךְ אֶת־עִירָד, Genesis 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Genesis 21:5 (E), Genesis 27:42; 2 Samuel 21:11; 1 Kings 18:13; Hosea 10:6 etc., to Jeremiah 35:18; Jeremiah 38:4; Jeremiah 50:20; Ezekiel 16:4, 5; Esther 2:13 (compare Dr JPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew § 281 b), as Exodus 1:7 +.
• c. With neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατά σύνεσιν (rare): Joshua 22:17; 2 Samuel 11:25; Nehemiah 9:32 (compare 1 Samuel 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Haggai 2:17; אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֲלֵי.
• d. Poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force: Habakkuk 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isaiah 13:19; Jeremiah 50:40 מַהֲפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W AG i. § 196, 43]; and Numbers 10:2; Ezekiel 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׁאוֹת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew § 239 a).

2. אֵת marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb

• a. With verbs of motion (very rare): Numbers 13:17; Deuteronomy 1:19; Deuteronomy 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judges 19:18; Ezekiel 21:25 (Ew § 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
• b. Denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exodus 13:7; Leviticus 25:22; Deuteronomy 9:25.
• c. Expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Genesis 17:11, 14; 1 Kings 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατά σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition

• Thus (α): Exodus 1:14; Numbers 3:26, 46; Numbers 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezekiel 35:10) Numbers 18:21 b Deuteronomy 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deuteronomy 14:13; Joshua 17:11; Judges 20:44, 46 (contr. Judges 20:25; Judges 20:35) 1 Samuel 17:34 (see Dr) 1 Samuel 26:16; 2 Samuel 21:22; 2 Kings 6:5; Isaiah 53:8 (probably), Isaiah 57:12; Jeremiah 23:33 (but read rather with LXX Targum אֶתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jeremiah 27:8; Jeremiah 36:22; Jeremiah 38:16 Kt, Jeremiah 45:4 b Ezekiel 16:22; Ezekiel 17:21; Ezekiel 20:16; Ezekiel 29:4; b Ezekiel 43:7 (LXX Co prefix הָרְאִיתָ) Ezekiel 44:3; Zechariah 8:17; Ecclesiastes 4:3; Daniel 9:13; Nehemiah 9:19, 34; 1 Chronicles 2:9; 2 Chronicles 31:17.
• In 1 Samuel 30:23; Haggai 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood.
• (β): Jeremiah 38:9; Ezekiel 14:22; b Ezekiel 37:19 b Zechariah 12:10; סָבִיב אֵת 1 Kings 6:5; Ezekiel 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings LXX omits the clause: so Sta ZAW 1883, 135).
• — In 1 Kings 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); 1 Kings 11:25 is corrupt (read with LXX זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדַד); Ezekiel 47:17, 18, 19 read similarly for וְאֵת, זֹאת: see Ezekiel 47:20.

— For some particulars as to the use of אֵת, see A. M. Wilson Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, אֵת with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie ZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli Had. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתו (Lzb 263 Cooke 170; compare RÉS 468); Targum Onkelos Samaritan יָת; Syriac ܒܪ (rare)); — Daniel 3:12 דִּי מְנִיּתָ יָתְהוֹן whom thou hast appointed.

¹ Schröd: Paul Schröder, Die phönizische Sprache, Halle, 1869.

² Lag: Paul de Lagarde, works on Semitic languages.

³ Nö: Theodor Nöldeke, Orientalische Skizzen, Berlin, 1892.

⁴ Ol: Julius Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Braunschweig, 1861.

⁵ W AG: Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae, ed. by E. Rödiger, Leipzig, 1835-1858.

⁶ Di: August Dillmann, Ethiopic Grammar, Leipzig, 1857.

⁷ Targ: Targum.

⁸ PS: Payne Smith, Syriac Dictionary.

⁹ Qor: Quran.

¹⁰ Ew: Heinrich Ewald, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Göttingen, 1870.

¹¹ Ges: Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Dr: Samuel Rolles Driver, works on Hebrew.

¹³ JPh: Journal of Philology.

¹⁴ LXX: Septuagint.

¹⁵ Targum: Targum.

¹⁶ Sta: Bernhard Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, Berlin, 1887.

¹⁷ ZAW: Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

¹⁸ Gie: Friedrich Giesebrecht, works on Hebrew.

¹⁹ Lzb: Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik, Weimar, 1898.

²⁰ Cooke: George Albert Cooke, North-Semitic Inscriptions, Oxford, 1903.

²¹ RÉS: Revue des Études Sémitiques.

Direct object eternal self, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

ואת וְאֶת־

and אֵת-self eternal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

i. m. subst. • Page 81

Ploughshare. Inflected in two ways as אֵתִים and אֵתִין. References: 1 Sam. 13: 20, 21; Is. 2: 4; Joel 4: 10 [3:10]. Its etymology is suggested to be related to the word מַחֲרֶשֶׁת.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H853

I. אֵת — the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite (Moabite idem, Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.); Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos; Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f., Samaritan ܢܡ; Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189. [Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin.] The primitive form will have been ʾiwyaṯ, originally a substantive with following Genitive, Ol p. 432; whether ultimately a parallel development with אוּת sign from √ אוָה is uncertain: Ol W AG i. § 188 Lag M i. 226 affirm, Nö ZMG 1886, 738 doubts. In Hebrew the ground-form is אוּת; the forms with אֵת, אֶת being abbreviated. In post-Biblical Hebrew, used in combination with another preposition: thus בְּאוּתוֹ הַיּוֹם = Biblical Hebrew בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא, בְּאוּתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה; or as a nomin., e.g. אוּתוֹ הָאִישׁ = Biblical Hebrew הָאִישׁ הַהוּא).

Cognates:

• Moabite idem
• Phoenician אית i.e. אִיַּת (Schröd p. 213 f.)
• Aramaic יָת frequently in Targum Onkelos
• Syriac very rare as mark of accusative (for which is preferred), but used often in the sense of substance οὐσία, also in that of self, e.g. ܐܠܗܐ per se, reapse, ܐܠܗܐ sibi ipsi, PS 1640f.
• Samaritan ܢܡ
• Arabic لله, only used with suffix, when it is desired to emphasize the pronoun, e.g. Qor 1:4 W AG i. § 189
• Ethiopic uses ܐܠܗܐ k£y¹ similarly, Di § 150 a; but it is dubious if this is etymologically akin

1. As mark of the accusative prefixed to substantives defined either by the article (or כָּל), or by a Genitive or pronominal affix, or in virtue of being proper names

• a. With transitive verbs:
  • Genesis 1:1, 16, 29, 30; Genesis 2:11; Genesis 4:1, 2; Genesis 9:3 (אֶת־כָּל) etc.
  • Similarly אֶת־מִי whom (in particular), Joshua 24:15; 1 Samuel 12:3; 1 Samuel 28:11; Isaiah 6:8 and elsewhere (but never אֶת־מָה); also with זֶה Genesis 29:33; Genesis 44:29; 1 Samuel 21:16; 1 Kings 22:27 +, זֹאת Genesis 29:27; 2 Samuel 13:27 +, אַחֲלֶה Genesis 46:18; Leviticus 11:18; Isaiah 49:21 +.
  • So pretty uniformly in prose; but in poetry אֵת is commonly dispensed with.
  • By the use of אֵת with the pronominal affix, a pronoun can at once, if required, be placed in a position of emphasis; let the order of words from this point of view be carefully noticed in the following passages: Genesis 7:1; Genesis 24:14; Genesis 37:4; Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 11:33; Numbers 22:32 thee I had slain, and her I had kept alive, Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 6:13, 23; Deuteronomy 13:5; Judges 14:3 אוּתָהּ קַח־לִי take for me her, 1 Samuel 14:35; 1 Samuel 15:1; 1 Samuel 18:17; 1 Samuel 21:10 אִם־אֶת־הָהִיא תִּקַּח־לְךָ קַח if thou wilt take that, take it, 1 Kings 1:35; 1 Kings 14:9; Isaiah 43:22; Isaiah 57:11; Jeremiah 9:2.
  • So הָאוּתִי Jeremiah 5:22; Jeremiah 7:19.
  • It also sometimes enables the reflexive sense to be expressed (elsewhere נַפְשָׁם) Jeremiah 7:19; Ezekiel 34:2.
  • Rarely with a substantive which is undefined (Ew § 277 d 2 Ges § 117, 1, R. 2), as Exodus 21:28; Numbers 21:9; Leviticus 20:14; 1 Samuel 24:6 (but see Dr) 2 Samuel 4:11; 2 Samuel 18:18; 2 Samuel 23:21; or which, though definite, is without the article, Genesis 21:30; 2 Samuel 15:16; Leviticus 26:5; 1 Samuel 9:3 (so Numbers 16:15) Isaiah 33:19; Isaiah 41:7; Ezekiel 43:10 (for further examples see Ew 1.c.).
• b. With a passive verb (Ges § 121. 1 Ew § 295 b) conceived as expressing neutrally the action in question, and construed accordingly with an accusative of that which is its real object: examples occur with tolerable frequency from Genesis 4:18 (J) וַיִּוָּלֵד לַחֲנוֹךְ אֶת־עִירָד, Genesis 17:5 (P), לֹא יִקָּרֵא עוֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָם there shall not be called (=one shall not call) thy name Abram, Genesis 21:5 (E), Genesis 27:42; 2 Samuel 21:11; 1 Kings 18:13; Hosea 10:6 etc., to Jeremiah 35:18; Jeremiah 38:4; Jeremiah 50:20; Ezekiel 16:4, 5; Esther 2:13 (compare Dr JPh xi. 227 f.): also with passive verbs of filling (Ew § 281 b), as Exodus 1:7 +.
• c. With neuter verbs or expressions, especially such as involve the idea of regarding, or treating, appy. by a construction κατά σύνεσιν (rare): Joshua 22:17; 2 Samuel 11:25; Nehemiah 9:32 (compare 1 Samuel 20:13 Dr). Once after אֵין, Haggai 2:17; אֵין אֶתְכֶם אֲלֵי.
• d. Poet. (si vera lectio), after an abstract noun used with a verbal force: Habakkuk 3:13 (Amos 4:11; Isaiah 13:19; Jeremiah 50:40 מַהֲפֵּכָה exerts a verbal force, like the Arabic nom. verbi [see W AG i. § 196, 43]; and Numbers 10:2; Ezekiel 17:9 לְמַסַּע, לְמַשְׁאוֹת are Aramaizing infinitives: compare Ew § 239 a).

2. אֵת marks an accusative in other relations than that of direct object to a verb

• a. With verbs of motion (very rare): Numbers 13:17; Deuteronomy 1:19; Deuteronomy 2:7 (to 'walk the wilderness'); denoting the goal Judges 19:18; Ezekiel 21:25 (Ew § 281 d, n., 282 a 1).
• b. Denoting time (duration), also very rare: Exodus 13:7; Leviticus 25:22; Deuteronomy 9:25.
• c. Expressing the accus. of limitation (rare): Genesis 17:11, 14; 1 Kings 15:23.

3. Chiefly in an inferior or later style, אֵת (or וְאֵת) is used irregularly, partly (α), as it would seem, to give greater definiteness (so especially וְאֵת) at the mention of a new subject (when it may sometimes be rendered as regards), or through the influence of a neighbouring verb (a construct κατά σύνεσιν), or by an anacoluthon, partly (β) as resuming loosely some other preposition

• Thus (α): Exodus 1:14; Numbers 3:26, 46; Numbers 5:10 (with הָיָה: so Ezekiel 35:10) Numbers 18:21 b Deuteronomy 11:2 (anacoluthon), Deuteronomy 14:13; Joshua 17:11; Judges 20:44, 46 (contr. Judges 20:25; Judges 20:35) 1 Samuel 17:34 (see Dr) 1 Samuel 26:16; 2 Samuel 21:22; 2 Kings 6:5; Isaiah 53:8 (probably), Isaiah 57:12; Jeremiah 23:33 (but read rather with LXX Targum אֶתֶּם הַמַּשָּׂא) Jeremiah 27:8; Jeremiah 36:22; Jeremiah 38:16 Kt, Jeremiah 45:4 b Ezekiel 16:22; Ezekiel 17:21; Ezekiel 20:16; Ezekiel 29:4; b Ezekiel 43:7 (LXX Co prefix הָרְאִיתָ) Ezekiel 44:3; Zechariah 8:17; Ecclesiastes 4:3; Daniel 9:13; Nehemiah 9:19, 34; 1 Chronicles 2:9; 2 Chronicles 31:17.
• In 1 Samuel 30:23; Haggai 2:5 probably some such word as remember is to be understood.
• (β): Jeremiah 38:9; Ezekiel 14:22; b Ezekiel 37:19 b Zechariah 12:10; סָבִיב אֵת 1 Kings 6:5; Ezekiel 43:17 strangely (in 1 Kings LXX omits the clause: so Sta ZAW 1883, 135).
• — In 1 Kings 11:1 וְ is merely and also, and especially (see וְ); 1 Kings 11:25 is corrupt (read with LXX זֹאת הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה הֲדַד); Ezekiel 47:17, 18, 19 read similarly for וְאֵת, זֹאת: see Ezekiel 47:20.

— For some particulars as to the use of אֵת, see A. M. Wilson Hebraica. vi. 139 ff. 212 ff. (who, however, confuses it sometimes with II. אֵת). For denoting the pronominal object of a verb, אֵת with suffix preponderates relatively much above the verbal affix in P, as compared with J E Deuteronomy Judges Samuel Kings (see Gie ZAW 1881, 258 f.), — partly, probably, on account of the greater distinctness and precision which P loves.

יָת mark of accusative (= Biblical Hebrew I. אֵת; Palmyrene ית; Zinjirli Had. 28 with suffix ותה; Nabataean, Palmyrene with suffix יתו (Lzb 263 Cooke 170; compare RÉS 468); Targum Onkelos Samaritan יָת; Syriac ܒܪ (rare)); — Daniel 3:12 דִּי מְנִיּתָ יָתְהוֹן whom thou hast appointed.

¹ Schröd: Paul Schröder, Die phönizische Sprache, Halle, 1869.

² Lag: Paul de Lagarde, works on Semitic languages.

³ Nö: Theodor Nöldeke, Orientalische Skizzen, Berlin, 1892.

⁴ Ol: Julius Olshausen, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Braunschweig, 1861.

⁵ W AG: Wilhelm Gesenius, Thesaurus Linguae Hebraeae, ed. by E. Rödiger, Leipzig, 1835-1858.

⁶ Di: August Dillmann, Ethiopic Grammar, Leipzig, 1857.

⁷ Targ: Targum.

⁸ PS: Payne Smith, Syriac Dictionary.

⁹ Qor: Quran.

¹⁰ Ew: Heinrich Ewald, Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, Göttingen, 1870.

¹¹ Ges: Wilhelm Gesenius, Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

¹² Dr: Samuel Rolles Driver, works on Hebrew.

¹³ JPh: Journal of Philology.

¹⁴ LXX: Septuagint.

¹⁵ Targum: Targum.

¹⁶ Sta: Bernhard Stade, Geschichte des Volkes Israel, Berlin, 1887.

¹⁷ ZAW: Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.

¹⁸ Gie: Friedrich Giesebrecht, works on Hebrew.

¹⁹ Lzb: Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik, Weimar, 1898.

²⁰ Cooke: George Albert Cooke, North-Semitic Inscriptions, Oxford, 1903.

²¹ RÉS: Revue des Études Sémitiques.

Conjunction, Direct object eternal self

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

בנו בְּנוֹ

in the hand

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בן

bên

Definition

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)

Root

from H1129 (בנה);

Exhaustive

from בנה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1121

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בֵּן

masc. noun • Root בין • Strongs / High • Page 253

1. A child, begotten, born, often without distinction of sex (frequently pluralized as children). 2. Specifically, a son, a male child (opposite daughter). 3. Used metaphorically to denote personal characteristics (virtuous or vicious personality, heir of virtue/vice) or objects (e.g., young animals, plants, or inanimate objects). 4. A grandson; also used as boy, youth, prince, heir to the throne.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H1121

I. בֵּן (approximate number of occurrences: 4870) noun masculine — son.

Cognates:

• Phoenician בן
• Sabean בני
• Arabic ٱבْن
• Assyrian binu
• Aramaic בַּר (plural בְּנִין)
• Possibly connected with בנה (build), compare Assyrian bânu (begetter).

— בֵּן absolute Genesis 4:25 +; בֵּןֿ Ezekiel 18:10; construct בֵּן Genesis 49:22; בֶּןֿ Genesis 5:32 +; suffix בְּנוֹ Numbers 23:18; בְּנִי Genesis 49:11; בִּן Deuteronomy 25:2 (32 times); plural בָּנִים Genesis 3:16 +; construct בְּנֵי Genesis 6:2 +; suffix בָּנַי Genesis 31:43 + etc.

1. Son, male child

Born of a woman Genesis 4:25; Genesis 16:11; Isaiah 49:15; begotten by a man Genesis 5:4; often contrasted with בַּת (daughter) Genesis 5:4; Exodus 20:10; Job 1:2.

a. Brother

בֶּן־אִמּוֹ son of his mother, i.e. uterine brother:

• Genesis 43:29
• Judges 8:19
• Psalm 50:20

b. Cousins

• Numbers 36:11 (בְּנֵי דֹדֵיהֶן)

c. As a term of endearment or relation to God

Used of kindliness by Eli to Samuel 1 Samuel 3:6, 16. Expressing intimate relation with God:

• Exodus 4:22 (Israel as בְּנִי בְכֹרִי)
• Hosea 11:1
• Deuteronomy 14:1
• 2 Samuel 7:14 (of Davidic king)

d. Of supernatural beings

• Genesis 6:2, 4 (בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים)
• Job 1:6; Job 38:7

e. Grandson and descendants

• Exodus 10:2 (בֶּן־בִּנְךָ)
• Genesis 29:5 (Laban son [grandson] of Nahor)
• Ruth 4:17 (of Naomi)

f. With personal names or attributes

• Numbers 14:30 (כָּלֵב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּה)
• 1 Samuel 20:27 (בֶּן־יִשַׁי often with contempt)
• Ecclesiastes 10:17 (בֶּן־חוֹרִים son of nobles)

g. Plural to denote membership in a nation or family

• Exodus 1:7 (613 times בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל)
• Genesis 19:38 (בְּנֵי־עַמּוֹן)
• Exodus 32:26 (בְּנֵי לֵוִי)

2. Children (male and female)

• Genesis 3:16
• Exodus 21:5
• Joshua 17:2 (+ זְכָרִים for male children)

3. Youth, young men

• Proverbs 7:7
• Song of Songs 2:3

4. The young of animals

• Leviticus 22:28
• 1 Samuel 6:7
• Job 39:4

5. Of plant-shoots

• Genesis 49:22 (בֵּן פֹּרָת)
• Psalm 80:16

6. Figurative of lifeless things

• Job 5:7 (בְּנֵי רֶשֶׁף sparks)
• Job 41:20 (בֶּן־קָשֶׁת arrows)
• Isaiah 21:10 (בֶּן־גָּרְנִי corn of threshing-floor)

7. Member of a guild, order, or class

• 1 Kings 20:35 (בְּנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים prophetic order)
• Ezra 4:1 (בְּנֵי הַגּוֹלָה exiles)
• Genesis 17:12 (בֶּן־נֵכָר foreigner)
• Exodus 29:1 (בֶּן־בָּקָר one of the herd)

8. As relative noun of quality

• 1 Samuel 14:52 (בֶּן־חַיִל mighty man)
• 2 Samuel 12:5 (בֶּן־מָוֶת worthy of death)
• Numbers 17:25 (בְּנֵי מֶרִי rebels)

9. Noun relative of age

• Genesis 5:32 (בֶּן־חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה five hundred years old)
• Exodus 30:14 (מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמָעְלָה from twenty years old and upward)
• Exodus 12:5 (בֶּן־שָׁנָה a year old)

¹ Bernhard Stade, Lehrbuch der hebräischen Grammatik (1879), § 183.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Prolegomena eines neuen hebräisch-aramäischen Wörterbuchs zum Alten Testament (1886).

³ Jakob Barth, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (ZDMG), 1887, 638 ff.

⁴ Paul de Lagarde, Übersicht über die im Aramäischen, Arabischen und Hebräischen übliche Bildung der Nomina (1889), 75.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: υἱοὶ υἱὸσ υἱῶν υἱοῦ υἱοῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1121a:

υἱοὶ 1075× (22.0%)

υἱὸσ 753× (16.8%)

υἱῶν 607× (12.2%)

υἱοῦ 368× (8.1%)

υἱοῖσ 329× (6.1%)

υἱοὺσ 292× (5.7%)

υἱὸν 213× (4.6%)

--- 116× (2.6%)

υἱὲ 96× (2.2%)

'' 84× (1.6%)

לא לֹא

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3808

I. לֹא or לוֺא (approximate number of occurrences: 5048) adverb — not.

Cognates:

• Arabic لا
• Aramaic לָא
• Sabean לא
• Assyrian lâ
• (Not in Ethiopic: compare Kö¹ ii. 1. 236; Walker²)

— לוֺא, according to Masora (Fr³), 35 times; besides בְּלוֺא 6 times, and הֲלוֺא, the orthography of which varies much, e.g. in Samuel always הֲלוֺא, in Chronicles always הֲלֹא, on the whole הֲלוֺא 141 times, הֲלֹא 128 times; twice, according to Masora, written לו (קרי לֹא), 1 Samuel 2:16; 1 Samuel 20:2, once לה Deuteronomy 3:11 כתיב: — not — denying objectively, like Greek οὐ (not μὴ = אַל).

1. In predication

a. With a verb

• With finite tenses: Genesis 2:5, Genesis 4:5 (perfect); Genesis 3:4, Genesis 8:21–22 (imperfect).
• In circumstantial clauses: Genesis 44:4 לא הרחיקו, Isaiah 40:20 לֹא יִמּוֺט.
• With final force: Isaiah 41:7; Exodus 28:32 (see GKC⁴ §156. 3).
• Governing two verbs: Exodus 28:43 וְלֹא יִשְׂאוּ עָוֺן וָמֵתוּ, Leviticus 19:12.
• Expressing prohibition: Genesis 2:17 לֹא תאֹכַל מִמֶּנּוּ thou shall not eat of it, Exodus 20:13 לא תגנב.
• With jussive/cohortative (rare): Genesis 24:8; 1 Samuel 14:36.

b. With the infinitive

Only once in בְּלֹא (4a), and with לְ, in the sense of cannot or must not:

• Judges 1:19 כי לא להורישׁ for it was not possible to dispossess.
• Amos 6:10 לא להזכיר בשׁם י׳.

c. Negating the word immediately following

• Genesis 32:29 לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֺד not Jacob shall thy name be called any more.
• Genesis 45:8 לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם אֹתִי not ye have sent me hither, but God.
• Rhetorically: 2 Kings 6:10 not once, and not twice (but repeatedly).

d. Standing alone

• אִם לֹא if not: Genesis 18:21, Genesis 42:16.
• In answer to a question (Nay): Judges 12:5 ויאמר לא, Genesis 23:11 לא אדני.

e. With interrogative force

• Jonah 4:11, Job 2:10, Exodus 8:22.

2. Not in predication

a. Coupled to an adjective (litotes)

• Hosea 13:13 בן לא־חכם an unwise son.
• Psalm 36:5 דֶּרֶךְ לֹא טוֺב a way not good.

b. With a participle

• Jeremiah 2:2 ארץ לא זרועה.
• Isaiah 62:12 עִיר לֹא נֱעֶזָ֫בָה.

c. With nouns or prepositional phrases

• Genesis 15:13 בארץ לא להם.
• Habakkuk 1:6 מִשְׁכָּנוֺת לֹא־לוֺ.

d. With a substantive forming a compound (un-)

• Deuteronomy 32:21 בְּלֹא אֵל with a not-God.
• Amos 6:13 הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר at a thing which is not.
• Isaiah 10:15 מַטֶּה לֹא עֵץ what is no wood.

e. In circumstantial clauses

• 2 Samuel 23:4 בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֺת a morning without clouds.
• Job 34:24 לֹא חֵקֶר without inquiry.

3. As a substantive

Job 6:21 כִּי־עַתָּה הֱיִיתֶם לֹא for now are ye become nothing (compare Aramaic Daniel 4:32).

4. With prefixes

a. בְּלֹא — without

• Jeremiah 22:13 בלא־צדק without justice.
• Job 8:11 בְּלֹא בִצָּה without mire.
• Of time: Leviticus 15:25 בלא עֶת־נִדָּתָהּ outside the time of her impurity.

b. הֲלֹא — nonne?

Inviting an affirmative answer; often used in conversation to win assent:

• Genesis 13:9 Is not the whole land before thee?
• Exodus 4:11 Do not I?
• As a rhetorical affirmative: 1 Kings 11:41 הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים are they not written...?

c. וָלֹ֕א — and if not

• 2 Samuel 13:26; 2 Kings 5:17.

d. כְּלוֺא — as though not

• Obadiah 1:16 והיו כלוא היו as though they had not been.

e. לְלֹא — without

• 2 Chronicles 15:3; Amos 6:13.

Note on Orthography: Fifteen times, according to Masora, לא is written by error for לוֺ, e.g., Exodus 21:8; Leviticus 11:21; Isaiah 9:2; Psalm 100:3; Job 13:15 (always with קרי לוֺ).

Aramaic

I. לָא (לָה Daniel 4:32) adverb not (Biblical Hebrew לא).

1. literally not
   • Jeremiah 10:11; Daniel 2:5, 9, 10 etc.
   • before a participle: Daniel 2:27, 43; Daniel 3:16.
   • Daniel 4:32 כְּלָה חֲשׁיבִין as men not accounted of.
2. with infinitive and לְ (must not / cannot)
   • Daniel 6:9 דִּי לָא לִהַשְׁנָיָה which is not to be altered.
   • Ezra 6:8.
3. interrogative הֲלָא
   • Daniel 3:24; Daniel 4:27; Daniel 6:13.

¹ Friedrich Eduard König, Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881–1897).

² Dean A. Walker, "The Semitic Negative," American Journal of Semitic Languages (1896).

³ S. Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (1876).

⁴ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

⁵ S. R. Driver, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (1892).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

תשחטו תִשְׁחֲטוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שחט

shâchaṭ

Definition

to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre); kill, offer, shoot out, slay, slaughter.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7819

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁחַט

verb • Root שחט • Strongs / High • Page 1407

I. (Tr.) Properly to cut in pieces, to bore into (with violence), to pierce (of an arrow); commonly to slaughter, to kill (especially for sacrifice); to massacre; Figuratively, to mix, to adulterate, wine, hence to be deceptive.

שָׁחַט

verb • Root שחט • Strongs / High • Page 1407

II. (Tr.) To make a present, to bribe.

שָׁחַט

verb • Root שחט • Strongs / High • Page 1407

III. (Tr., Part. Pass.) To point, to sharpen, hence (of) a pointed arrow, of a knife.

שָׁחַט

verb • Root שחט • Strongs / High • Page 1407

IV. (Tr., Part. Pass.) Same as שָׁטַח: to spread out, to beat thin (e.g., gold plate), i. e. beaten.

שָׁחַט

pu. • Root שחט • Strongs / High • Page 1407

(Pu.) To press out.

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H7819

I. שָׁחַט verb — slaughter, beat (originally beat, flay?).

Cognates:

• Assyrian ša—âṭu, flay, take off dress
• Arabic سَحَتَ slay (but شَحَتَ; is this loan-word in Arabic?)
• Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew, especially in ritual

— שָׁחַט Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular שָׁחַט Jeremiah 39:6 +; suffix וּשְׁחָטוֹ consecutive Leviticus 3:2 etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשְׁחַט Leviticus 4:24 +, 2 feminine singular וַתִּשְׁחֲטִי Ezekiel 16:21, 3 masculine plural suffix וַיִּשְׁחָט֫וּהוּ Judges 12:6; Imperative masculine plural שַׁחֲטוּ Exodus 12:21, 2 Chronicles 35:6; Infinitive absolute שָׁחֹט Isaiah 22:13; construct לִשְׁחֹט Genesis 22:10, וֺט- Ezekiel 40:39, suffix שַׁחֲטָם (GKC¹ § 64a) Ezekiel 23:39; Participle active שׁוֺחֵט Isaiah 66:3, etc.; passive שָׁחוּט 1 Kings 10:16 +, etc. — slaughter:

1. Beast for food

• 1 Samuel 14:32, 34
• Isaiah 22:13 (+ הָרַג)
• Leviticus 17:3
• Genesis 37:31 (Elohist Source)

2. Technical term of killing sacrifice

(51 times; Hexateuch only Priests' Code, 38 times; compare B. Jacob²):

• 1 Samuel 1:25
• Exodus 29:11
• Leviticus 1:5, 11
• Leviticus 4:24
• Leviticus 9:8
• Numbers 19:3
• 2 Chronicles 29:22, 24
• Ezekiel 40:41
• bird Leviticus 14:5, 6, 50, 51
• beast in illicit sacrifice Isaiah 66:3
• with accusative of sacrifice (עוֺלָה, אָשָׁם, חַטָאת, etc.) Ezekiel 40:39, 42, 44:11, Leviticus 4:24, 7:2, 14:13
• passover lamb Exodus 12:6, accusative הַמֶּסַח Exodus 12:21; 2 Chronicles 30:15; 35:1, 6, 11; Ezra 6:20

3. Slaughter person

• Judges 12:6
• 1 Kings 18:40
• 2 Kings 10:7, 14
• 2 Kings 25:7 = Jeremiah 39:6a = Jeremiah 52:10a
• Jeremiah 39:6b = Jeremiah 52:10b
• Jeremiah 41:7
• Yahweh subject Numbers 14:16 (Jehovist/Elohist Source)
• in human sacrifice Genesis 22:10 (Elohist Source)
• to false gods Ezekiel 16:21; Ezekiel 23:39; Isaiah 57:5

4. Passive participle

= beaten, hammered:

• זָהָב שָׁחוּט 1 Kings 10:16, 17; 2 Chronicles 9:15, 16
• Jeremiah 9:7 Qere חֵץ שָׁחוּט (> Kethib שׁוֺחֵט) hammered (i.e. sharpened) arrow

Niphal Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשָּׁחֵט Numbers 11:22 (Jehovist Source) be slaughtered for food (subject beast); 3 feminine singular תִּשָּׁחֵט Leviticus 6:18 (Priests' Code) be slain, of sacrifice.

שְׁחֲטָה noun feminine (Qal Infinitive construct, compare König³) doubtful word; — וְשׁ׳ הֶעְמִיקוּ שֵׂטִים Hosea 5:2 the revolters are gone deep in slaughtering (or in corrupting, or made deep the pit of Shittim).

שְׁחִין see שׁחן; [שְׁחִיף] see שָׂחִיף; שָׁחִיס Isaiah 37:30 = סָחִישׁ.

שׁחל (Root of following; compare Assyrian ša—âlu, call, proclaim; Arabic سحر bray).

¹ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley (GKC).

² B. Jacob, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (ZAW) xvii (1897).

³ F. E. König, Historisch-Kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache (1881-1897).

Verb Qal imperfect second person masculine plural

LXX: σφάξουσιν ἔσφαξεν σφάξει αὐτοὺσ ἔθυσαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H7819a:

σφάξουσιν 14× (14.8%)

ἔσφαξεν 14× (14.6%)

σφάξει 8× (8.2%)

αὐτοὺσ 7× (5.9%)

ἔθυσαν 7× (7.0%)

ἔσφαξαν 5× (5.2%)

σφάζουσιν 5× (5.9%)

σφάξεισ 5× (5.4%)

σφάξῃ 2× (2.4%)

ἐλατά 2× (2.4%)

ביום בְּיוֹם

within the Manifestation/Day

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יום

yôwm

Definition

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)

Root

from an unused root meaning to be hot;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb); age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3117

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יוֹם

noun masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 595

brightness, splendour, shining, light. hence 1. the day (the period of light), opposed to night; can also mean mid-day. 2. the civil day, including night.

יוֹם

noun masculine • Root יום • Strongs / High • Page 596

Day; also used metaphorically for a specific time or event, such as birth-day, day of punishment, day of death, the present time, or the end of life.

יוֹם

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root יום • Strongs / High • Page 596

Aramaic (Chaldee) word for 'day', with the same variety of senses as the Hebrew.

יוֹם

noun / masculine • Root ימם • Strongs / High • Page 612

1. clearness, light. 2. day (including the night). The plural form יָמִים can also mean a short time, an indefinite time, or a long time.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יוֹם

m. prim. dec. i. • Page 277

1. day. Phrases: הַיּוֹם (this day; to-day, 1 Sam. 12:17); בְּיוֹם (on the day when, Gen 2:17); כְּיוֹם (now, Gen. 25:31); יוֹם יוֹם (daily, Neh. 8:18); מִיּוֹם (from the day on, Ex. 10:6). Special uses: a day of misfortune (Obad. 12), a day of prosperity or festival (Hos. 7:5), and the day of Jehovah/judgment (Joel 1:15). 2. time generally (Gen. 39: 11).

יוֹם

noun masculine • Page 278

Day. (1) Specially days of one's life (Gen. 6:3, Gen. 43:9, Sam. 25:28). (2) Time generally (Gen. 47:8, Ex. 2:11, Judg. 18:1). (3) Some or several days (Neh. 1:4, Dan. 8:27, Gen. 40:4). (4) A year (Lev. 25:29, Judg. 17:10, 1 Sam. 2:19).

יוֹם

m. chald. • Page 278

Day, as in Heb. Plural יוֹמִין, emphatic יוֹמַיָּא. (Ezra 4:15, 19).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H3117

I. יוֺם (approximate number of occurrences: 2285) noun masculine — day.

Cognates:

• Late Hebrew id.
• Aramaic יומָא
• Phoenician ים
• Moabite Inscription¹ ימן
• Siloam Inscription² ים
• Zinjirli יום
• Palmyrene יום
• Arabic يوم
• Ethiopic ዮም
• Sabean יום, ים
• Assyrian ummu, ûmu

— יוֺם absolute Genesis 1:5 +; construct Genesis 2:4 +; suffix יוֺמְךָ Jeremiah 50:31; יוֺמוֺ Exodus 5:13 (22 times); יוֺמָם Jeremiah 50:27; dual יוֺמַ֫יִם Exodus 21:21, יוֺמָ֑יִם Exodus 16:29; plural יָמִים Genesis 4:3 +; יָמִין (Aramaic form) Daniel 12:13; construct יְמֵי Genesis 3:14 +; יְמוֺת Deuteronomy 32:7, Psalm 90:15; suffix יָמַי Job 7:6 + etc.

1. Day, opposed to night

• Genesis 7:12, 14; Genesis 8:22 (Jehovist Source)
• Genesis 1:5, 14, 16, 18 (Priestly Code)
• חֹם הַיּוֺם the heat of the day Genesis 18:1 (Jehovist Source); 1 Samuel 11:11
• עוֺד גָּדוֺל הַיּוֺם the day is still high Genesis 29:7 (Jehovist Source)
• רוּחַ הַיּוֺם cool of the day Genesis 3:8
• מַחֲצִית הַיּוֺם mid-day Nehemiah 8:3
• עַד נְטוֺת הַיּוֺם until the declining of the day Judges 19:8

2. Day as division of time

a. Working-day

• Exodus 20:9–10 (Elohist Source) = Deuteronomy 5:18
• יְמֵי הַמַּעֲשֶׂה Ezekiel 46:1

b. Day's journey

• דֶּרֶךְ יוֺם Numbers 11:31 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)
• דֶּרֶךְ שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים a three days' journey Genesis 30:36; Exodus 3:18 (Jehovist Source)

c. Duration of acts or states

• forty days Genesis 7:17; Genesis 8:6 (Jehovist Source)
• שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים לַיְלָה וָיוֺם Esther 4:16

e. Day of month

• Genesis 7:11; Genesis 8:4, 14 (Priestly Code)
• Haggai 1:1, 15

f. Defined by substantive or clause

• יוֺם הַשֶּׁלֶג the snowy day 2 Samuel 23:20
• יוֺם הֻלֶּדֶת birthday Genesis 40:20 (Elohist Source)

i. Holy day

• יוֺם הַשַּׁבָּת the sabbath day Exodus 20:8 (Elohist Source)
• יוֺם הַכִּמֻּרים Leviticus 23:27

3. Day of Yahweh

יוֺם יְהוָה day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment:

• Amos 5:18, 20
• Zephaniah 1:7, 14
• יוֺם עֶבְרַת יְהוָה Zephaniah 1:18
• יוֺם נָקָם Isaiah 34:8

4. Plural: days as lifetime or age

• Genesis 6:3 (Jehovist Source)
• כָּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ all the days of thy life Genesis 3:14, 17 (Jehovist Source)
• בָּא בַּיָּמִים advanced in days (age) Genesis 18:11; Genesis 24:1 (Jehovist Source)
• אֹרֶךְ יָמִים length of days Proverbs 3:2, 16

5. Indefinite or ancient time

• יָמִים אֲחָדִים some days, a few days Genesis 27:44 (Jehovist Source)
• יְמוֺת עוֺלָם days of old Deuteronomy 32:7
• יְמֵי קֶדֶם Micah 7:20
• אַחֲרִית הַיּוֺם coming time Proverbs 31:25

6. Time or Year

• חֹדֶשׁ יָמִים a month of time Genesis 29:14 (Jehovist Source)
• זֶבַךְ הַיָּמִים yearly sacrifice 1 Samuel 1:21; 2:19
• מִיָּמִים יָמִ֫ימָה from year to year, yearly Exodus 13:10 (Jehovist-Elohist Source)

7. Particular Phrases

a. Today

• הַיּוֺם to-day Genesis 4:14; Genesis 31:43

c. Lo! days are coming

• הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים Amos 4:2; Jeremiah 7:32

f. Always / Continually

feminine כָּל הַיָּמִים always, continually:

• Genesis 43:9 (Jehovist Source)
• Deuteronomy 4:40; Deuteronomy 6:24

g. On a particular day

• בַּיּוֺם הַהוּא on that day Genesis 15:18
• עַד הַיּוֺם הַזֶּה until this day Genesis 26:33 (Jehovist Source); Joshua 4:9

h. As daily

masculine עַל יוֺם טוֺב upon a good day 1 Samuel 25:8.

¹ MI: Moabite Inscription (Mesha Stele).

² SI: Siloam Inscription.

³ COT: Eberhard Schrader, The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament (Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament).

⁴ J: Jehovist (Yahwist) Source.

⁵ E: Elohist Source.

⁶ P: Priestly Code / Narrative.

⁷ D: Deuteronomic Source.

⁸ H: Holiness Code.

Preposition, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἡμέρᾳ ἡμέρασ σήμερον ἡμέραν ἡμερῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3117:

ἡμέρᾳ 574× (20.2%)

ἡμέρασ 571× (23.8%)

σήμερον 204× (9.1%)

ἡμέραν 171× (6.9%)

ἡμερῶν 153× (6.4%)

ἡμέρα 135× (5.4%)

ἡμέραισ 133× (4.6%)

ἡμέραι 116× (4.7%)

--- 51× (2.4%)

'' 46× (1.8%)

אחד אֶחָד׃

one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אחד

ʼechâd

Definition

properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first

Root

a numeral from H258 (אחד);

Exhaustive

a numeral from אחד; properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first; a, alike, alone, altogether, and, any(-thing), apiece, a certain, (dai-) ly, each (one), [phrase] eleven, every, few, first, [phrase] highway, a man, once, one, only, other, some, together,

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H259

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֶחָד

numeral cardinal • Root אחד • Strongs_Numbers • Page 95

One; unus; first (primus).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶחָד

m. const. • Page 37

1. one; freq. 2. first. Only in numbering the days of the month. (feminine form is אַחַת).

BDB

Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon

H259

I. אֶחָד (962 times) adjective — number one.

Cognates:

• Phoenician אחד
• Sabean idem
• compare D. H. Müller¹ Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1876, 707
• Arabic أحد
• Ethiopic አሐድ
• Aramaic חַד
• Syriac ܚܕܐ
• on Assyrian edu, a—adu, compare Friedrich Delitzsch² Wo lag das Paradies? No. 139

— absolute אֶחָד Genesis 1:5; אַחַד Genesis 21:15 +; so even before preposition 1 Samuel 9:3 and elsewhere see S. R. Driver³; feminine absolute אַחַת Genesis 2:21 +; אֶחָת Genesis 11:1 +; construct אַחַת Deuteronomy 13:13 +; plural masculine אֲחָדִים Genesis 11:1 + 4 times; חַד Ezekiel 33:30 strike out C. H. Cornill⁴ compare אֲחָדִים.

1. Cardinal Number: One

• Genesis 1:9; Genesis 27:38, Genesis 27:45; Exodus 12:49; Joshua 23:10; 1 Samuel 1:24; 2 Samuel 12:3 +; Zechariah 14:9; Malachi 2:10; Job 31:15 +, so also (emphatic) 2 Samuel 17:3 for אִישׁ אֶחָד Julius Wellhausen⁵ S. R. Driver³; one or two לֹא לְיוֹם אֶחָד וְלֹא לִשְׁנַיִם Ezra 10:13; as substantive followed by מִן Genesis 2:21; Leviticus 4:2, Leviticus 4:13; Isaiah 34:16 +; הָאֶחָד Genesis 19:9; Genesis 42:13, Genesis 42:32; 2 Kings 6:3, 2 Kings 6:5 +; one and the same Genesis 40:5; Job 31:15; plural דְּבָרִים אֲחָדִים Genesis 11:1 compare Ezekiel 37:17 (absolute), but see C. H. Cornill⁴; = few, a few יָמִים אַחַדִים Genesis 27:44; Genesis 29:20; Daniel 11:20; כְּאִישׁ אֶחָד as one man, together Judges 20:8; 1 Samuel 11:7; also כְּאֶחָד late = Aramaic כַּחֲדָא Ezra 2:64 (= Nehemiah 7:66) Ezra 3:9; Ezra 6:20; Ecclesiastes 11:6; see especially Isaiah 65:25 (parallel to earlier יַחְדָּו Isaiah 11:6, Isaiah 11:7).

2. Distributive: Each, Every

• Exodus 36:30; Numbers 7:3, Numbers 7:85; Numbers 28:21; 1 Kings 4:7; 2 Kings 15:20 +; also repeated, distributive sense Numbers 7:11; Numbers 13:2; Numbers 17:21; Joshua 3:12; Joshua 4:2, Joshua 4:4.

3. Indefinite: A Certain

• 1 Samuel 1:1; 2 Samuel 18:10; 2 Kings 4:1; Esther 3:8; 2 Samuel 17:9 see S. R. Driver³ 1 Samuel 1:1; hence indefinite article 1 Samuel 6:7; 1 Samuel 24:15; 1 Samuel 26:20 (but strike out Julius Wellhausen⁵ S. R. Driver³) 1 Kings 19:4, 1 Kings 19:5 +.

4. Only

• 1 Kings 4:19; & (feminine) once 2 Kings 6:10; Psalm 62:12; Psalm 89:36 (once for all); אַחַת לִשְׁלוֹשִׁים שָׁנִים 2 Chronicles 9:21, בַּשָּׁנָה הָאַחַת Leviticus 16:34 compare Job 40:5, מַעַם אֶחָת Joshua 6:3, Joshua 6:11 compare Joshua 6:14, בְּאַחַת Numbers 10:4; Job 33:14; at once בְּאֶחָת Proverbs 28:18 compare וְאִנָּקְמָה נְקָמָה אַחַת Judges 16:28.

Note: Numbers 10:4 בְּאַחַת is rather 'in one (of the trumpets)'; Job 33:14 it = in one way; Proverbs 28:18 read probably with Paul de Lagarde⁶ Dy Bi בַּשָּׁבָחַת; Judges 16:28 is rather 'vengeance for one of my two eyes' (see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar⁷). Jeremiah 10:8 בְּאַחַת probably = in one, altogether.

5. One . . . Another, The One . . . The Other

• אֶחָד . . . אֶחָד Exodus 17:12; Exodus 18:3, Exodus 18:4; Amos 4:7; 2 Samuel 12:1; Jeremiah 24:2; 2 Chronicles 3:17; Nehemiah 4:11 +; 2 Samuel 14:6 read הָאֶחָד אֶת־אָחִיו for האחד את־האחד Julius Wellhausen⁵ S. R. Driver³; one after another, one by one, לְאַחַד אֶחָד Isaiah 27:12 compare Ecclesiastes 7:27.

6. Ordinal: First

• (mostly Priests' Code / Narrative and late) Genesis 1:5 (P) Genesis 2:11 (J) Exodus 39:10 (P); absolute Job 42:14, Ezekiel 10:14 especially of first day of month Exodus 40:2 (P) Ezra 3:6; Ezra 10:16, Ezra 10:17; Nehemiah 8:2; Haggai 1:1; first year, שְׁנַת אַחַת 2 Chronicles 36:22; Ezra 1:1; Daniel 1:21; Daniel 9:1, Daniel 9:2; Daniel 11:1 compare first (day, יוֹם omitted) Genesis 8:5, Genesis 8:13 בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ; so Exodus 40:17; Leviticus 23:24; Numbers 1:18; Numbers 29:1; Numbers 33:38 (all P) Deuteronomy 1:3; 2 Chronicles 29:17; Ezra 7:9 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 26:1; Ezekiel 29:17; Ezekiel 31:1; Ezekiel 32:1; Ezekiel 45:18.

7. In Combinations

• a. אַחַד עָשָׂר eleven (compare עָשָׂר, עַשְׁתֵּי) Genesis 32:23; Genesis 37:9 (JE) Deuteronomy 1:2; so אַחַת־עֶשְׂרֵה Joshua 15:51 (P) 2 Kings 23:36; 2 Kings 24:18; 2 Chronicles 36:5, 2 Chronicles 36:11; Jeremiah 52:1 (precedes noun, except Joshua 15:51; as ordinal, eleventh אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה Ezekiel 30:20; Ezekiel 31:1 compare 1 Kings 6:38; 2 Kings 9:29; b. with other numerals, as cardinal אֶחָד וְאַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף וְחֲמִשִּׁים מֵאוֹת Numbers 1:41; compare Numbers 2:16, Numbers 2:28; Numbers 31:34, Numbers 31:39 (all P; אֶחָד precedes other numeral); but אַרְבָּעִים וְאַחַת שָׁנָה (אֶחָד following) 1 Kings 14:21; 1 Kings 15:10; 2 Kings 14:23; 2 Chronicles 12:13 compare 2 Kings 22:1 2 Chronicles 34:1; 2 Kings 24:18 = Jeremiah 52:1 2 Chronicles 36:11; Joshua 12:24 (D) Isaiah 30:17; Ezra 2:26 = Nehemiah 7:30 compare Nehemiah 7:37; Daniel 10:13; as ordinal בְּאַחַת וְשִׁשִּׁים מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה Genesis 8:13 (P) Exodus 12:18 (P), 1 Chronicles 24:17; 1 Chronicles 25:28; 2 Chronicles 16:13 (אֶחָד preceding); but 1 Kings 16:23; Haggai 2:1 (אֶחָד following).

II. [אֶחָד] (root of following; see Biblical Hebrew אֶחָד. חַד adjective one, a; — masculine singular חַד Daniel 2:31 +; feminine singular חֲדָה Ezra 4:8 +; — 1 one side Daniel 7:5; noun omitted Daniel 6:3; חֲדָה Daniel 2:9 = one and invariable (inevitable); כַּחֲדָה Daniel 2:35 as one, altogether (so Syriac-Codex K 3, and late Biblical Hebrew כְּאֶחָד Ezra 2:64 +); = ordinal, שְׁנַת חֲדָה first year Ezra 7:1; Ezra 5:13; Ezra 6:3; חַד = a certain one (τινά) Daniel 7:16 (with מִן partitive). 2 a (indefinite article) with substantive Daniel 2:31; Daniel 6:18; Daniel 4:16 (see שָׁעָה), Ezra 4:8; Ezra 6:2, חַד שִׁדְעָךְ Daniel 3:19 = seven-fold (as Syriac: Theodor Nöldeke § 241 PS 1194; compare Exodus 16:5), see Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar⁷ § 66, 2.

¹ D. H. Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 1876, 707.

² Friedrich Delitzsch, Wo lag das Paradies? No. 139.

³ S. R. Driver, Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament.

⁴ C. H. Cornill, Commentary on Ezekiel.

⁵ Julius Wellhausen, Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels.

⁶ Paul de Lagarde, Orientalia.

⁷ Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, trans. A. E. Cowley, 2nd English ed., Oxford, 1910 (GKC).

Adjective cardinal number both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0259:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And an ox or a sheep, it and its son, thou shalt not slaughter in one day.

LITV Translation:
but an ox or sheep, it and its young one, you shall not slaughter in one day.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And a bullock and a ewe, it and its young, thou shalt not kill in one day.