Leviticus 19:11

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

לא לֹא

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

תגנבו תִּגְנבוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גנב

gânab

Definition

to thieve (literally or figuratively); by implication, to deceive

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to thieve (literally or figuratively); by implication, to deceive; carry away, [idiom] indeed, secretly bring, steal (away), get by stealth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1589

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גָּנַב

verb • Root גנב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 334

To turn off, to bend aside; hence, to purloin, to steal.

גָּנַב

verb • Root גנב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 334

To steal; figuratively, to steal the mind of one, i.e., to gain it for oneself.

גַּנֵּב

piel verb • Root גנב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 334

To steal industriously or often; particularly used in a figurative sense to purloin the revelations of others.

גַּנָּב

noun masculine • Root גנב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 334

A thief, fur.

גֻּנַּב

pual verb • Root גנב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 334

To be stolen (passive).

גְּנֵבָה

noun feminine • Root גנב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 334

What is stolen.

גְּנוּבַת

noun proper masculine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 334

A masculine proper name, possibly of Egyptian origin.

הִתְגַּנֵּב

hithpael verb • Root גנב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 334

To withdraw by stealth, noiselessly and singly; to repair to a place by stealth.

נִגְנַב

nifal verb • Root גנב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 334

To be stolen (passive).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גָּנַב

verb • Page 144

1. to steal. 2. to deceive, like the Greek κλέπτειν.

גַּנָּב

noun masculine • Root גנב • Page 144

thief.

Verb Qal imperfect second person masculine plural

LXX: ἔκλεψεν κλαπῇ ὑφείλατο ἔκλεψαν κλέμματα

LXX Usage Statistics

H1589:

ἔκλεψεν 4× (9.2%)

κλαπῇ 3× (7.1%)

ὑφείλατο 2× (5.0%)

ἔκλεψαν 2× (5.0%)

κλέμματα 2× (4.6%)

κλέψῃ 2× (4.2%)

ἐκλοποφόρησάσ 2× (4.2%)

ולא וְלֹא־

and not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

Conjunction, Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

תכחשו תְכַחֲשׁוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כחש

kâchash

Definition

to be untrue, in word (to lie, feign, disown) or deed (to disappoint, fail, cringe)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to be untrue, in word (to lie, feign, disown) or deed (to disappoint, fail, cringe); deceive, deny, dissemble, fail, deal falsely, be found liars, (be-) lie, lying, submit selves.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3584

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כָּחַשׁ

verb • Root כחש • Strongs / High • Page 689

Kal stem (rarely used, intransitive): 1. to decrease, lessen, fail, become lean. 2. (not used) to lie, dissemble, deceive.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כָּחַשׁ

verb • Page 313

Literally to lie; in Kal used only metaphorically to waste away, deficere. Pi.: to lie; to deny; to dissemble, flatter, used of conquered enemies; to deceive (one’s expectation). Ps. 109: 24, Lev. 19: 11, Hos. 4: 2, 1 K. 13: 18, Gen. 18: 15, Josh. 7: 11, Job 8: 18, Is. 59: 13, Jer. 5: 12, Job 31: 28, Prov. 30: 9, Ps. 18: 45, 66: 3, 81: 16.

Verb Piel imperfect second person masculine plural

LXX: ἐψεύσαντο ἐψεύσαντό ψεύσεται ψεύσονταί ἐψεύσατο

LXX Usage Statistics

H3584:

ἐψεύσαντο 3× (13.7%)

ἐψεύσαντό 2× (9.1%)

ψεύσεται 2× (9.1%)

ψεύσονταί 2× (8.4%)

ἐψεύσατο 2× (8.4%)

ψεύσηται 2× (7.7%)

ולא וְלֹא־

and not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

Conjunction, Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

תשקרו תְשַׁקְּרוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שקר

shâqar

Definition

to cheat, i.e. be untrue (usually in words)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to cheat, i.e. be untrue (usually in words); fail, deal falsely, lie.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8266

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁקַר

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1478

1. trans. to paint, to colour. 2. intrans. to lie, with לְ of a person.

Verb Piel imperfect second person masculine plural

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H8266:

No stats available

איש אִישׁ

a man/each one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

איש

ʼîysh

Definition

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

Root

contracted for H582 (אנוש) (or perhaps rather from an unused root meaning to be extant);

Exhaustive

contracted for אנוש (or perhaps rather from an unused root meaning to be extant); a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation); also, another, any (man), a certain, [phrase] champion, consent, each, every (one), fellow, (foot-, husband-) man, (good-, great, mighty) man, he, high (degree), him (that is), husband, man(-kind), [phrase] none, one, people, person, [phrase] steward, what (man) soever, whoso(-ever), worthy. Compare אשה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H376

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אִישׁ

noun masculine • Root אש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 117

1. a man, prop. strong; generally a man with relation to strength, courage and valour; a husband; with reference to sex, male, masculine (applied to men and beasts).

אִישׁ

noun masculine • Root אנש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 119

Used distributively as 'any one', 'each', 'every one'; used reciprocally as 'one another' (lit. a man to his brother); also used to express an antithetic or additional member.

אִישׁ

noun masculine • Root אנש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 929

Man. Example of a word where Nun is absorbed, from an older form אִנְשׁ.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אִישׁ

m. prim. irreg. • Root אנש אנוש • Page 46

1. man, i. q. Lat. vir; used collectively; often in apposition before other substantives (e.g., אִישׁ סָרִיס an eunuch, Jer. 38:7). Used as a designation of sex, even in animals (Gen. 7:2); hence a husband (Gen. 3:16). 2. joined with substantives to denote a possessor of a quality (e.g., אִישׁ אָוֶן a wicked wretch). 3. followed by אָח or רֵעַ, 'the one... the other'. 4. any one, some one (Ex. 16:29). 5. every one (Ex. 16:29). 6. used impersonally like French 'on' or German 'man' (1 Sam. 9:9).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0376:

No stats available

בעמיתו בַּעֲמִיתוֹ׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עמית

ʻâmîyth

Definition

companionship; hence (concretely) a comrade or kindred man

Root

from a primitive root meaning to associate;

Exhaustive

from a primitive root meaning to associate; companionship; hence (concretely) a comrade or kindred man; another, fellow, neighbour.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5997

הו

Definition

his, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עָמִית

fem. abstract • Root עמה • Strongs / High • Page 1105

1. abstract: fellowship (man of my fellowship); 2. concrete: neighbour, fellow-man.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עָמִית

m. noun • Root עמם • Page 514

A friend, neighbour, or fellow-man; synonymous with רֵעַ (Lev. 5:20; Zech. 13:7).

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: πλησίον

LXX Usage Statistics

H5997:

πλησίον 11× (90.0%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Ye shall not steal and ye shall not deceive, and ye shall not lie each to his neighbor.

LITV Translation:
You shall not steal nor lie, nor deceive to one another.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Ye shall not steal, ye shall not lie, neither shall one bear false witness as an informer against his neighbor.