Leviticus 18:22

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ואת וְאֶת־

and אֵת-self eternal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

i. m. subst. • Page 81

Ploughshare. Inflected in two ways as אֵתִים and אֵתִין. References: 1 Sam. 13: 20, 21; Is. 2: 4; Joel 4: 10 [3:10]. Its etymology is suggested to be related to the word מַחֲרֶשֶׁת.

Conjunction, Direct object eternal self

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

זכר זָכָר

he has remembered/male

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

זכר

zâkâr

Definition

properly, remembered, i.e. a male (of man or animals, as being the most noteworthy sex)

Root

from H2142 (זכר);

Exhaustive

from זכר; properly, remembered, i.e. a male (of man or animals, as being the most noteworthy sex); [idiom] him, male, man(child, -kind).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2145

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זָכָר

masculine noun • Root זכר • Strongs / High • Page 433

1. A male, spoken of men and animals, mas, masculus. 2. (memorable, glorious) only as a proper name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

זָכָר

noun masculine • Root זכר • Page 202

Male, of the male kind; the appropriate word for the distinction of sex in men and animals (Gen. 1:27, 5:2). Its opposite is נְקֵבָה. Includes Niph. הִזָּכֵר 'to be born a male' (Ex. 34:19).

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: ἄρσεν ἀρσενικὸν ἄρσενοσ ἀρσενικόν ἄρσην

LXX Usage Statistics

H2145:

ἄρσεν 21× (30.3%)

ἀρσενικὸν 11× (15.9%)

ἄρσενοσ 10× (13.8%)

ἀρσενικόν 6× (8.7%)

ἄρσην 5× (7.2%)

ἀρσενικὰ 3× (4.1%)

ἀρσενικοῦ 3× (4.1%)

ἀρσενικά 3× (3.7%)

לא לֹא

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

תשכב תִשְׁכַּב

you/she is lying down

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שכב

shâkab

Definition

to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose); [idiom] at all, cast down, (lover-)lay (self) (down), (make to) lie (down, down to sleep, still with), lodge, ravish, take rest, sleep, stay.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7901

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁכַב

verb • Root שכב • Strongs / High • Page 1417

I. To bend oneself, to lie down, to lie stiff (of one destroyed), to rest, to sleep, or metaphorically to die/be buried (e.g., שָׁכַב עִם־אֲבוֹתָיו).

שָׁכַב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1418

Denotes the coming into Sheol. 2. To lie (sexually), commonly spoken of a man lying with a woman, or vice versa, also applied to animals.

שָׁכַב

verb • Root שכב • Strongs / High • Page 1418

II. To pour out. (The sexual meaning of שָׁכַב I. may derive from originally meaning 'to moisten, with semen').

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁכַב

verb • Page 670

1. to lay one's self down, particularly for sleep (Gen. 19:4, 28:11, 1 Sam. 3:5) or in death (1 K. 2:10, 11:43). 2. to lie. Constrained with an accus. of the place, hence those that lie in the grave, Ps. 88:6; she that lieth in thy bosom, Mic. 7:5.

Verb Qal imperfect second person masculine singular

LXX: ἐκοιμήθη κοιμηθῇ κοιμηθῆναι ἐκάθευδεν κοιμηθήσῃ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7901:

ἐκοιμήθη 52× (22.9%)

κοιμηθῇ 18× (8.9%)

κοιμηθῆναι 10× (4.3%)

ἐκάθευδεν 9× (4.5%)

κοιμηθήσῃ 9× (4.4%)

κοιμώμενοσ 8× (3.6%)

κοιμήθητι 8× (4.0%)

κοιμηθήσεται 7× (3.3%)

ἐκοιμήθησαν 6× (3.1%)

κοιμηθεὶσ 5× (2.5%)

משכבי מִשְׁכְּבֵי

bed of myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

משכב

mishkâb

Definition

a bed (figuratively, a bier); abstractly, sleep; by euphemism, carnal intercourse

Root

from H7901 (שכב);

Exhaustive

from שכב; a bed (figuratively, a bier); abstractly, sleep; by euphemism, carnal intercourse; bed(-chamber), couch, lieth (lying) with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4904

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׁכָב

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root שכב • Consonantal / Low • Page 1418

A fall, layer, bed; or an emission of semen, effusion, effluvium.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

שֶׁכֶב

noun • Consonantal / Low • Page 1418

Aramaic word, same as Hebrew (Derivative מִשְׁכָּב).

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

שָׁכַב

verb • Root שכב • Consonantal / Low • Page 1417

I. To bend oneself, to lie down, to lie stiff (of one destroyed), to rest, to sleep, or metaphorically to die/be buried (e.g., שָׁכַב עִם־אֲבוֹתָיו).

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

שָׁכַב

verb • Consonantal / Low • Page 1418

Denotes the coming into Sheol. 2. To lie (sexually), commonly spoken of a man lying with a woman, or vice versa, also applied to animals.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

שָׁכַב

verb • Root שכב • Consonantal / Low • Page 1418

II. To pour out. (The sexual meaning of שָׁכַב I. may derive from originally meaning 'to moisten, with semen').

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

שֻׁכַּב

pu. • Consonantal / Low • Page 1418

The same (as Nif.).

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX: κοίτην κοίτησ κοίταισ κοίτη

LXX Usage Statistics

H4904:

κοίτην 16× (31.2%)

κοίτησ 9× (17.0%)

κοίτησ 3× (5.5%)

κοίταισ 3× (5.5%)

κοίτη 3× (5.5%)

κοίτῃ 3× (5.2%)

κοιτώνων 2× (4.0%)

αὐτῆσ 2× (3.0%)

אשה אִשָּׁה

a woman

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אשה

ʼishshâh

Definition

a woman

Root

feminine of H376 (איש) or H582 (אנוש); irregular plural, נשים;(used in the same wide sense as H582 (אנוש))

Exhaustive

feminine of איש or אנוש; irregular plural, נשים;(used in the same wide sense as אנוש); a woman; (adulter) ess, each, every, female, [idiom] many, [phrase] none, one, [phrase] together, wife, woman. Often unexpressed in English.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H802

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אִשֶּׁה

noun masculine • Root אש • Lemma_Lookup • Page 197

Sacrificial fire, altar-flame, a burning; specifically a sacrifice.

אִשָּׁה

noun feminine • Root אנש • Lemma_Lookup • Page 197

Woman, wife, female; also applied to animals (female) and metaphorically to things with weak or feminine characteristics.

אֶשָּׁה

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 197

Fire.

אָשָׁה

verb • Root אשה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 197

(Not used) To be firm, close, to be firmly fitted together; to support.

בָּאְשָׁה

noun feminine • Root באש • Lemma_Lookup • Page 217

a stink-weed, bad or poisonous weed.

לְאִשָּׁה

prepositional phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 757

Into a woman; as in 'Lord God built the rib into a woman'.

נָשָׂא אִשָּׁה

verb • Root נשא • Lemma_Lookup • Page 992

To lead home a wife, to marry.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אִשֶּׁה

m. const. אִשֵּׁה / plur. const. אִשֵּׁי • Root אש • Page 75

Firing, something on fire, an offering. A generic word including every species of offering. Lev. 24:7, 9; Ex 29:18, 25, 41; Lev. 1:9, 13, 17, etc. Plur. אִשֵּׁי יְהוָה Lev. 2:3, 10.

אִשָּׁה

noun feminine • Root אנוש איש • Page 75

1. woman—Applied as a designation of sex, even in animals, Gen. 7:2. 2. wife, hence אֵשֶׁת אָב 'father’s wife' (stepmother), Lev. 18:8. Often with genitives denoting quality (e.g., lovely woman, Prov. 11:16). 3. with אָחוֹת or רְעוּת for 'the one... the other.' 4. some one. 5. every one. Ex. 3:22.

אֵשָׁה

noun feminine • Root אש • Page 75

i. q. (equivalent to) אֵשׁ 'fire'. This is the best explanation of the Kethib in Jer. 6:29.

Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0802:

No stats available

תועבה תּוֹעֵבָה

disgusting abomination

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

תועבה

tôwʻêbah

Definition

properly, something disgusting (morally), i.e. (as noun) an abhorrence; especially idolatry or (concretely) an idol

Root

or תעבה; feminine active participle of H8581 (תעב);

Exhaustive

or תעבה; feminine active participle of תעב; properly, something disgusting (morally), i.e. (as noun) an abhorrence; especially idolatry or (concretely) an idol; abominable (custom, thing), abomination.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8441

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תּוֹעֵבָה

noun masculine • Root תעב • Lemma_Lookup • Page 1504

an abominable thing, an abomination, of deeds, things or persons which are disagreeable Gen. 43, 32; Prov. 3, 32; idolatry, idols Deut. 32, 16; something disgusting, loathing, unclean, of food Deut. 14, 3.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תּוֹעֵבָה

f. const. תּוֹעֲבַת • Root תעב • Page 710

1. An abomination (Prov. 21:27, 28:9). Particularly what is ceremonially unclean or forbidden (Gen. 43:32, Deut. 14:3), and referring to idols (2 K. 23:13). 2. An abominable deed or practice, especially regarding idolatry (1 K. 14:24, Ezra 9:1, Ezek. 16:2).

Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: βδέλυγμα ἀνομίασ βδελύγματα βδελυγμάτων ἀνομίαισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8441:

βδέλυγμα 32× (28.4%)

ἀνομίασ 17× (13.2%)

βδελύγματα 13× (9.7%)

βδελυγμάτων 8× (6.2%)

ἀνομίαισ 5× (3.5%)

βδελύγμασιν 4× (3.1%)

βδελύγματά 4× (2.8%)

ἀκάθαρτοσ 3× (2.7%)

ἀνομιῶν 3× (2.2%)

αὐτῆσ 3× (1.9%)

הוא הִוא׃

Himself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הוא

hûwʼ

Definition

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are

Root

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular;

Exhaustive

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular; he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are; he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1931

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הוּא

personal pronoun • Root הו • Strongs / High • Page 392

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. It can also be used for emphasis (he himself), as a demonstrative (this, that), to indicate self, or to strengthen other pronouns (I myself, thou thyself).

הוּא

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 393

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. Can also mean 'the same', 'himself'. It is also used as a designation for God, and can include the verb 'to be'.

הוּא

aramaic personal pronoun (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 393

Aramaic personal pronoun of the 3rd person, he.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הוּא

chald. • Page 178

idem. behold, as for as simply. So in Syr. Dan. 2:43.

הוּא

pronoun • Page 182

1. he, and as a neuter it. In the Pentateuch, used for both genders. 2. self, same, selfsame. Is. 7:14, Ps. 44:5. 3. serves as the substantive verb 'to be' (copula). Is. 43:25. Also used as 'thou (art) the same' in 2 Sam. 7:28.

הוּא

chald. pron. • Page 182

idem (the same). Dan. 2:21.

הוּא

chald. • Page 182

see הֲוָה.

הוּא

unknown • Page 217

see הָוָה.

Pronoun personal third person feminine singular

LXX: αὐτὸσ ἐστιν ἐκείνῃ οὗτοσ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H1931:

αὐτὸσ 321× (16.5%)

ἐστιν 260× (13.7%)

ἐκείνῃ 197× (10.6%)

οὗτοσ 160× (8.4%)

--- 103× (5.6%)

ἐκείνῳ 67× (3.6%)

ἐστίν 54× (2.9%)

ἐστὶν 54× (2.7%)

'' 50× (2.3%)

τοῦτο 42× (2.2%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And with a male thou shalt not lie on a woman's bed: it is abomination.

LITV Translation:
And you shall not lie with a male as one lies with a woman; it is a perversion.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And thou shalt not lie with a man as with a woman, for it is an abomination.