Leviticus 18:19

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ואל וְאֶל־

and toward/do not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אל

ʼêl

Definition

near, with or among; often in general, to

Root

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

Exhaustive

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H413

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

Conjunction, Preposition

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0413:

No stats available

אשה אִשָּׁה

a woman

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אשה

ʼishshâh

Definition

a woman

Root

feminine of H376 (איש) or H582 (אנוש); irregular plural, נשים;(used in the same wide sense as H582 (אנוש))

Exhaustive

feminine of איש or אנוש; irregular plural, נשים;(used in the same wide sense as אנוש); a woman; (adulter) ess, each, every, female, [idiom] many, [phrase] none, one, [phrase] together, wife, woman. Often unexpressed in English.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H802

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אִשֶּׁה

noun masculine • Root אש • Lemma_Lookup • Page 197

Sacrificial fire, altar-flame, a burning; specifically a sacrifice.

אִשָּׁה

noun feminine • Root אנש • Lemma_Lookup • Page 197

Woman, wife, female; also applied to animals (female) and metaphorically to things with weak or feminine characteristics.

אֶשָּׁה

noun feminine • Lemma_Lookup • Page 197

Fire.

אָשָׁה

verb • Root אשה • Lemma_Lookup • Page 197

(Not used) To be firm, close, to be firmly fitted together; to support.

בָּאְשָׁה

noun feminine • Root באש • Lemma_Lookup • Page 217

a stink-weed, bad or poisonous weed.

לְאִשָּׁה

prepositional phrase • Lemma_Lookup • Page 757

Into a woman; as in 'Lord God built the rib into a woman'.

נָשָׂא אִשָּׁה

verb • Root נשא • Lemma_Lookup • Page 992

To lead home a wife, to marry.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אִשֶּׁה

m. const. אִשֵּׁה / plur. const. אִשֵּׁי • Root אש • Page 75

Firing, something on fire, an offering. A generic word including every species of offering. Lev. 24:7, 9; Ex 29:18, 25, 41; Lev. 1:9, 13, 17, etc. Plur. אִשֵּׁי יְהוָה Lev. 2:3, 10.

אִשָּׁה

noun feminine • Root אנוש איש • Page 75

1. woman—Applied as a designation of sex, even in animals, Gen. 7:2. 2. wife, hence אֵשֶׁת אָב 'father’s wife' (stepmother), Lev. 18:8. Often with genitives denoting quality (e.g., lovely woman, Prov. 11:16). 3. with אָחוֹת or רְעוּת for 'the one... the other.' 4. some one. 5. every one. Ex. 3:22.

אֵשָׁה

noun feminine • Root אש • Page 75

i. q. (equivalent to) אֵשׁ 'fire'. This is the best explanation of the Kethib in Jer. 6:29.

Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0802:

No stats available

בנדת בְּנִדַּת

in the hand

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נדה

niddâh

Definition

properly, rejection; by implication, impurity, especially personal (menstruation) or moral (idolatry, incest)

Root

from H5074 (נדד);

Exhaustive

from נדד; properly, rejection; by implication, impurity, especially personal (menstruation) or moral (idolatry, incest); [idiom] far, filthiness, [idiom] flowers, menstruous (woman), put apart, [idiom] removed (woman), separation, set apart, unclean(-ness, thing, with filthiness).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5079

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נִדָּה

feminine noun • Root נדד • Strongs / High • Page 947

Removal, separation, rejection; hence abomination, aversion, loathing, a heathenish thing; also uncleanness of sin, stain, incest; the issue of a menstruating woman.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נִדָּה

noun feminine • Page 428

Impurity, uncleanness, something hateful or abominable (Lev. 12:2; 15:19). Refers to menstrual courses, water of purification (Num. 19:9), idolatry (2 Chr. 29:5), and abominable deeds (Lev. 20:21).

Preposition, Noun common feminine singular construct

LXX: αὐτῆσ ῥαντισμοῦ ἀφέδρου ἀφέδρῳ ἀποκαθημένην

LXX Usage Statistics

H5079:

αὐτῆσ 6× (12.6%)

ῥαντισμοῦ 5× (16.2%)

ἀφέδρου 5× (14.2%)

ἀφέδρῳ 4× (9.9%)

ἀποκαθημένην 2× (6.2%)

ἀκαθαρσία 2× (6.2%)

ἀκαθαρσίαν 2× (5.7%)

טמאתה טֻמְאָתָהּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

טמאה

ṭumʼâh

Definition

religious impurity

Root

from H2930 (טמא);

Exhaustive

from טמא; religious impurity; filthiness, unclean(-ness).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2932

ה

Definition

her, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9024

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

טֻמְאָה

noun / feminine • Root טמא • Strongs / High • Page 562

Impurity, uncleanness. Used in a Levitical sense (e.g., of a menstruating woman), or regarding idolatry, whoredom, adultery, sinfulness, a lying spirit, or unclean gods.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

טֻמְאָה

f. verbal • Root טמא • Page 263

impurity, uncleanness, pollution. Lev.

Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular

LXX: ἀκαθαρσίασ ἀκαθαρσία αὐτῆσ ἀκαθαρσίαν ἀκαθαρσιῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H2932:

ἀκαθαρσίασ 11× (26.2%)

ἀκαθαρσία 7× (15.3%)

αὐτῆσ 6× (13.0%)

ἀκαθαρσίαν 6× (13.0%)

ἀκαθαρσιῶν 5× (10.0%)

ἀκάθαρτον 2× (4.9%)

לא לֹא

not

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

לא

lôʼ

Definition

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

Root

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or לוא; or לה; (Deuteronomy 3:11), a primitive particle; not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles; [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3808

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

לֹא

negative particle • Root אל • Strongs / High • Page 759

A negative particle; not, no. It functions as an absolute negative, a negative answer to a question, or a refusal. Used with verbs in various tenses and moods to express negation or prohibition.

לֹא

particle • Strongs / High • Page 761

A K'ri reading for לוֹ.

לֹא

adverb / particle • Strongs / High • Page 760

Not; No; Nothing (substantive use); Before (cognate sense to טֶרֶם).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

לֹא

adverb • Page 338

A primitive adverb of negation (more rarely לוֹא). 1. not. 2. no (Gen. 19:2). 3. nothing (Job 6:21). 4. without (1 Chr. 2:30). 5. interrogative, nonne? (Jon. 4:11). 6. lest, that not (Ex. 28:32). 7. In combination with adjectives/substantives it gives a negative signification (e.g., לֹא עֹז without strength).

Particle negative

LXX: οὐκ οὐ μὴ οὐδὲ οὐχ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3808:

οὐκ 1137× (34.5%)

οὐ 797× (24.2%)

μὴ 184× (5.6%)

οὐδὲ 150× (4.5%)

οὐχ 127× (3.9%)

οὐχὶ 120× (3.6%)

--- 98× (3.0%)

'' 94× (2.4%)

---% 62× (1.5%)

οὐκέτι 50× (1.4%)

תקרב תִקְרַב

draw near

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קרב

qârab

Definition

to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose; (cause to) approach, (cause to) bring (forth, near), (cause to) come (near, nigh), (cause to) draw near (nigh), go (near), be at hand, join, be near, offer, present, produce, make ready, stand, take.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7126

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קָרַב

verb • Root קרב • Strongs / High • Page 755

to draw near to

קָרַב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 753

To approach (used for comparison with קִלֵּב, Lamed/Resh interchange)

קָרַב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1294

To lay hold of, to seize, to take; to pierce, to hurt. (I. Not used in Hebrew, used in Chaldee.)

קָרַב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1294

To join a thing, to stick to, to cling to, to approach, draw near (abs., or with אֶל or עַל); to draw near (with good will or in hostile sense); to devote oneself to God, appear before Him; euphemistically, to cohabit with a woman.

קָרַב

verb qal • Root קרב • Strongs / High • Page 1295

To draw near, to approach. Also, generally, to sacrifice (to bring near the object of sacrifice); or, to be near (in place or time).

קָרַב

verb piel • Root קרב • Strongs / High • Page 1295

To fold up or wind together, applied to certain interior parts of the body (e.g., sheaths and covers).

קָרַב

verb • Root קרב • Strongs / High • Page 1294

(I. not used) tr. to lay hold of, to seize, to take; applied not only to birds of prey, but to hostile men; to pierce, to hurt.

קָרַב

verb qal • Strongs / High • Page 1294

(II. intr.) prop. to join a thing, to stick to, to cling to, to approach, to draw near. Especially: a) to draw near to one with good will, to devote oneself to God, to appear before Him, to perform service; c) (euphemist.) to cohabit with a woman; d) to approach in a hostile sense. Also applied metaphorically to time, to approach.

קָרַב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1295

I. 1. To approach, to come near. 2. To be sacrificed. 3. To be near, doing a thing. (Also Niphal: To be sacrificed, to be near, to bring close to each other.)

קָרַב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1295

II. To bring close to each other, i. e. removing them from their former places.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קָרַב

verb • Root קרב • Page 595

To be near to a thing; to come near; to bring near; to grant access; to bring or join together. Verse references include Gen. 47: 29, Is. 41: 21, Job 31: 37, Ezek. 37: 17.

Verb Qal imperfect second person masculine singular

LXX: προσάξει προσάξετε προσοίσει προσήγαγεν προσήνεγκαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H7126:

προσάξει 18× (5.8%)

προσάξετε 17× (5.5%)

προσοίσει 16× (5.1%)

προσήγαγεν 10× (3.1%)

προσήνεγκαν 9× (2.8%)

προσάξεισ 8× (2.6%)

προσοίσετε 8× (2.7%)

προσήνεγκεν 7× (2.2%)

προσελεύσεται 7× (2.5%)

προσάξουσιν 6× (2.1%)

לגלות לְגַלּוֹת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

גלה

gâlâh

Definition

to denude (especially in a disgraceful sense); by implication, to exile (captives being usually stripped); figuratively, to reveal

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to denude (especially in a disgraceful sense); by implication, to exile (captives being usually stripped); figuratively, to reveal; [phrase] advertise, appear, bewray, bring, (carry, lead, go) captive (into captivity), depart, disclose, discover, exile, be gone, open, [idiom] plainly, publish, remove, reveal, [idiom] shamelessly, shew, [idiom] surely, tell, uncover.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1540

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גָּלָה

verb • Root גלה • Strongs / High • Page 324

(I) A verb meaning to make bare, naked, or bald. It extends to meanings like to smooth, polish, uncover, and figuratively to lay open, unveil, reveal, communicate, or make known. To 'open the ear' means to reveal something.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גָּלָה

verb • Root גלה • Page 139

1. Kal: To uncover, open, disclose, reveal. Used for uncovering the ear (1 Sam. 9:15) or opening the eyes (Num. 22:31), and revealing secrets (Amos 3:7). 2. Pi.: To uncover, make bare (Ruth 3:4), or uncover nakedness (Lev. 18:6). 3. Pu.: pass. (Nah. 2:8). 4. Niph.: To be uncovered (Ex. 20:26), to be removed (Jer. 13:21), or to reveal oneself (1 Sam. 14:8; Gen. 35:7).

גֶּלָה

proper name • Page 140

Proper name of a city in the hilly country of the tribe of Judah (Josh. 15:51, 2 Sam. 15:12). Gentile noun is גִּילֹנִי.

גָּלָה

verb • Root גלה • Page 140

II. 1. To remove, emigrate, go into exile or captivity (Ezek. 12:3, 2 K. 17:23). 2. Figuratively to disappear, vanish, cease (1 Sam. 4:21, Is. 24:11). Includes Niph. pass. of Hiph., Hiph. to carry a people into captivity (2 K. 15:29), and Hoph. i. q. Kal.

גָּלָה

noun • Page 140

See גּוֹלָה captivity.

גֻּלָּה

f. verbal • Root גלל • Page 140

1. A spring (Josh. 15:19, Judg. 1:15). 2. Oil-cup or oil-vessel in a sacred chandelier (Zech. 4:3, Ecc. 12:6). 3. In architecture, the name of some part of the chapiter of a pillar, the bowl (1 K. 7:41, 42).

Preposition, Verb Piel infinitive construct common

LXX: ἀποκαλύψεισ ἀπῴκισεν ἀπεκάλυψεν '' ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H1540:

ἀποκαλύψεισ 15× (7.6%)

ἀπῴκισεν 13× (6.1%)

ἀπεκάλυψεν 13× (6.4%)

'' 10× (4.4%)

--- 6× (3.1%)

ἀποκαλύψω 6× (2.8%)

ἀπεκαλύφθη 5× (2.5%)

αἰχμάλωτοσ 5× (2.4%)

ἀποκαλύψαι 4× (2.1%)

ἀπεκάλυψαν 4× (2.1%)

ערותה עֶרְוָתָהּ׃

naked one of herself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ערוה

ʻervâh

Definition

nudity, literally (especially the pudenda) or figuratively (disgrace, blemish)

Root

from H6168 (ערה);

Exhaustive

from ערה; nudity, literally (especially the pudenda) or figuratively (disgrace, blemish); nakedness, shame, unclean(-ness).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6172

ה

Definition

her, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9024

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עֶרְוָה

noun feminine • Root ערה • Strongs / High • Page 1133

nakedness (which one covers); bareness; generally the shame, the pudenda, of a man or of a woman. Figuratively: to have carnal intercourse; to give up to disgrace, ignominy, to the violation of all feeling of shame; also expose to mockery. Figuratively: the unoccupied, accessible and undefended places of the land; a hateful thing, filthiness, with relation to the sexual act.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עֶרְוָה

f. verbal • Root ערה • Page 526

1. nakedness (Hos. 2: 11, Gen. 42: 9). 2. the private parts, pudenda (Gen. 9: 22, 23, Lev. 20: 11). 3. offensiveness, shamefulness (Deut. 23: 14).

Noun common feminine singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular

LXX: ἀσχημοσύνην αὐτῆσ ἀσχημοσύνη αἰσχύνην αἰσχύνη

LXX Usage Statistics

H6172:

ἀσχημοσύνην 29× (50.8%)

αὐτῆσ 8× (10.5%)

ἀσχημοσύνη 5× (8.8%)

αἰσχύνην 4× (6.7%)

αἰσχύνη 3× (5.1%)

γύμνωσιν 3× (4.5%)

κακίασ 2× (3.2%)

ἴχνη 2× (3.2%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And to a woman in the impurity of her uncleanness, thou shalt not come near, to uncover her nakedness.

LITV Translation:
And you shall not draw near to uncover the nakedness of a woman in her menstrual impurity.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And thou shalt not go in to a woman under separation for her uncleanness, to uncover her nakedness.