Lamentations 3:5

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

בנה בָּנָה

he has built

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בנה

bânâh

Definition

to build (literally and figuratively)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to build (literally and figuratively); (begin to) build(-er), obtain children, make, repair, set (up), [idiom] surely.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1129

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בָּנָה

verb • Root בנה • Strongs / High • Page 257

To set up, to place; 1. to build, to erect, establish, to raise (a house, palace, city, temple, etc.); to build up (what is destroyed), to rebuild; to fortify. 2. Figuratively: to establish family happiness, posterity; to set up a throne; to bestow prosperity or well-being; to establish.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בָּנָה

verb • Page 105

1. To build, erect, or make (Gen. 8:20, 12:7; Gen. 2:22 regarding the rib). 2. To rebuild or build up what has been destroyed (Am. 9:14, Ps. 122:3). 3. Figuratively used for persons or nations, to build them up or make them prosperous (Jer. 24:6, 31:4).

בָּנָה

verb • Page 106

(Continued from previous page) 4. to raise up, or give posterity to any one (Gen. 16:2). Niph. 1. to be built, rebuilt (Deut. 13:17). 2. figuratively to be built up, to be made prosperous (Jer. 12:16, Mal. 3:15).

Verb Qal perfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ᾠκοδόμησεν οἰκοδομῆσαι ᾠκοδόμησαν οἰκοδομήσει οἰκοδομήσεισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1129:

ᾠκοδόμησεν 94× (22.6%)

οἰκοδομῆσαι 36× (8.5%)

ᾠκοδόμησαν 26× (6.2%)

οἰκοδομήσει 16× (4.2%)

οἰκοδομήσεισ 16× (4.0%)

ᾠκοδόμησα 14× (3.5%)

οἰκοδομήσουσιν 9× (2.1%)

οἰκοδομεῖν 8× (1.9%)

οἰκοδομήσω 8× (1.9%)

--- 7× (1.8%)

עלי עָלַי

upon/upon me/against myself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Preposition, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

ויקף וַיַּקַּף

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נקף

nâqaph

Definition

to strike with more or less violence (beat, fell, corrode); by implication (of attack) to knock together, i.e. surround or circulate

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to strike with more or less violence (beat, fell, corrode); by implication (of attack) to knock together, i.e. surround or circulate; compass (about, -ing), cut down, destroy, go round (about), inclose, round.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5362

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נָקַף

verb • Root נקף • Strongs / High • Page 989

(Kal not used) Transitive: to strike off, as olives (i.e. to reap); to break, destroy the skin with leprosy; to wound, injure the body; to tear in pieces, tatter garments; to cut away, shave off the corners of the hair; to cut, strike down, fell bushes and trees.

נָקַף

verb • Root נקף • Strongs / High • Page 990

To strike down; to prostrate, an ox; to throw down, a man; to knock, to beat, of the heart; to smash, to crush, the head; to break, an egg; to strain, wine.

נָקַף

verb • Root נקף • Strongs / High • Page 990

II. To be bent, round, circular; hence to circle, in time or space; Aram. to join, to associate with, to be entwined with one.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

נָקַף

verb • Page 457

I. to make a circle, to go round, revolve; spoken of time (Is. 29 : 1). Hiph. 1. to go round a place (Josh. 6: 3, 11). 2. to surround, compass (1 K. 7:24; Ps. 17: 17; 2 K. 6: 14; Ps. 17: 9; 88:18). 3. to go round, to elapse, spoken of time (Job 1 : 5). 4. used elliptically (Lev. 19 : 27).

נָקַף

verb • Root נגף • Page 457

II. to smite, to hew, kindred with נָגַף. In Chald. and Arab. idem. Pi. 1. to cut down, e.g. a thicket (Is. 10: 34). 2. probably to destroy the body (Job 19 : 26).

conjunctive, Verb Hiphil sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: περιέσχον ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H5362b:

περιέσχον 3× (15.4%)

--- 2× (10.3%)

ראש רֹאשׁ

head

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ראש

rôʼsh

Definition

a poisonous plant, probably the poppy (from its conspicuous head); generally poison (even of serpents)

Root

or רוש; (Deuteronomy 32:32), apparently the same as H7218 (ראש);

Exhaustive

or רוש; (Deuteronomy 32:32), apparently the same as ראש; a poisonous plant, probably the poppy (from its conspicuous head); generally poison (even of serpents); gall, hemlock, poison, venom.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7219

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רֹאשׁ

noun • Strongs / High • Page 1330

Poppy (reference to DEUT. 32, 32).

רֹאשׁ

noun / masculine • Root ראש • Strongs / High • Page 1311

1. Prop. skull; hence head, of men or animals. 2. Metaphor of things: the point, summit, capital, scepter, the highest. Fig. principal, highest (as of oil or feelings), a prince, king, principal person. The sum, total, multitude. The foremost, first, beginning.

רֹאשׁ

noun masculine • Root ראש • Strongs / High • Page 1312

1. Source of a river; beginning, commencement (of time). 2. Poison (רוֹשׁ), poisonous berries/water; fig. viciousness.

רֹאשׁ

noun proper • Strongs / High • Page 1312

n. p. of a people (Rosh) belonging to the Scythian king Gog, dwelling in the high north (identified by some classical writers with Russians/Roxolani).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

רָאשׁ

adjective • Page 602

poor. See רוּשׁ.

רֹאשׁ

noun masculine • Root ראש ראש • Page 603

1. a head. —נָתַן בְּרֹאשׁ to let come on the head of any one, Ezek. 9: 10, 11: 21. בְּרֵאשֵׁינוּ with the danger of our heads, 1 Chr. 12: 19. 2. the first or highest in its kind. Hence (1.) a head, chief, leader (1 Sam. 15: 17, Ex. 6: 14, 25). (2.) a chief city, metropolis (Josh. 11: 10). (3.) the highest place, first rank—כֹּהֵן הָרֹאשׁ the high-priest (2 Chr. 19: 11). (4.) the top or highest part, as of a mountain (Gen. 8: 5), of a tower (Gen. 11: 4). Metaphorically רֹאשׁ שִׂמְחָה the highest joy (Ps. 137: 6). 3. the first; e. g. רֹאשׁ הַחֳדָשִׁים the first month (Ex. 12: 2). 4. the sum, the whole number (Lev. 5: 24, Ps. 119: 160). 5. a company, multitude, host (Judg. 7: 16, 1 Sam. 11: 11).

רֹאשׁ

prop. er name • Page 603

Proper name of a Scythian people, mentioned in connexion with Meshech and Tubal, in the northern parts of Asia Minor (Ezek. 38: 2, 3. 39: 1). The Byzantine writers speak of a rude and savage people about the northern Taurus, called Pōs, (Russians?).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: χολῆσ θυμὸν

LXX Usage Statistics

H7219:

χολῆσ 4× (31.4%)

θυμὸν 2× (15.1%)

ותלאה וּתְלָאָה׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

תלאה

tᵉlâʼâh

Definition

distress

Root

from H3811 (לאה);

Exhaustive

from לאה; distress; travail, travel, trouble.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8513

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תְּלָאָה

noun feminine • Root לאה • Strongs / High • Page 1513

(from לָאָה, like תּוֹכָחָה 2 from יָכַח) f. 1. travail, distress Ex. 18, 8... 2. (from נָחַל II. = נָטַל to dig through) f. a trench, Lam. 3, 5 he has surrounded me with fortifications... and a trench.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תְּלָאָה

f. verbal from לָאָה • Root לאה • Page 716

Labour, trouble, distress. Ex. 18:8. Num. 20:14. Neh. 9:32.

Conjunction, Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: μόχθον

LXX Usage Statistics

H8513:

μόχθον 2× (40.0%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
He built against me, and he will surround with poison and distress.

LITV Translation:
He built against me and has put around me bitterness and hardship.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
He has built against me, and compassed my head, And brought travail upon me.