Lamentations 3:47

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

פחד פַּחַד

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

פחד

pachad

Definition

a (sudden) alarm (properly, the object feared, by implication, the feeling)

Root

from H6342 (פחד);

Exhaustive

from פחד; a (sudden) alarm (properly, the object feared, by implication, the feeling); dread(-ful), fear, (thing) great (fear, -ly feared), terror.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6343

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פַּחַד

noun masculine • Root פחד • Strongs / High • Page 1163

Terror, fear, danger; subjectively the state of being frightened or objectively a terrifying thing; anguish; also an object of holy fear (like God).

פַּחַד

noun masculine • Root פחד • Strongs / High • Page 1163

The testicles (only plural with suffix); better understood as loins or thighs, based on their thickness and firmness.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: φόβοσ φόβου φόβον ἔκστασισ ὑμῖν

LXX Usage Statistics

H6343:

φόβοσ 17× (32.4%)

φόβου 10× (16.8%)

φόβον 5× (9.0%)

ἔκστασισ 4× (8.2%)

ὑμῖν 3× (5.1%)

τρόμον 2× (3.5%)

ופחת וָפַחַת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

פחת

pachath

Definition

a pit, especially forcatching animals

Root

probably from an unused root apparently meaning to dig;

Exhaustive

probably from an unused root apparently meaning to dig; a pit, especially forcatching animals; hole, pit, snare.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6354

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פַּחַת

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1165

A pit, a fissure, of rocks; a figure of destruction.

Conjunction, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: βοθύνου βόθυνον βόθυνοσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6354:

βοθύνου 3× (26.9%)

βόθυνον 3× (22.4%)

βόθυνοσ 2× (16.9%)

היה הָיָה

he has become

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

היה

hâyâh

Definition

to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Root

a primitive root (compare H1933 (הוא));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare הוא); to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary); beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1961

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 397

To be, to exist, to live, to become. A substantive verb used to unite a subject and predicate. It can also mean to happen, to arise, or to belong to. Used in a wide variety of grammatical constructions.

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 591

To be, to become, to exist. The common Hebrew verb for 'to be', considered the root of the divine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַיָּה

noun feminine • Page 185

Keri הַוָּה suffering, calamity. Job 6: 2; 30: 13.

הָיָה

verb • Page 184

1. To be (Ex. 20:3, Num. 10:31, etc.); 2. to become (Ex. 4:4, Hos. 3:3, etc.); 3. to happen (Is. 19:15).

Verb Qal perfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἔσται ἐγένετο ἦν ἐγενήθη ἔσονται

LXX Usage Statistics

H1961:

ἔσται 827× (22.9%)

ἐγένετο 634× (16.8%)

ἦν 280× (7.9%)

ἐγενήθη 215× (5.8%)

ἔσονται 160× (4.5%)

ἦσαν 134× (3.8%)

ἐγένοντο 83× (2.3%)

'' 74× (1.9%)

--- 73× (2.2%)

εἶναι 67× (1.7%)

לנו לָנוּ

to ourselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נו

Definition

us, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 1st person common plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9035

Preposition, Suffix pronominal first person both plural

השאת הַשֵּׁאת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שאת

shêʼth

Definition

devastation

Root

from H7582 (שאה);

Exhaustive

from שאה; devastation; desolation.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7612

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שַׁאת

noun feminine • Root שאה • Consonantal / Low • Page 1369

Destruction, desolation, devastation.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שֵׁאת

noun feminine • Root שאה • Page 649

Destruction. Lam. 3:47. By contraction שׁוֹא Num. 24:17.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H7612:

No stats available

והשבר וְהַשָּׁבֶר׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שבר

sheber

Definition

a fracture, figuratively, ruin; specifically, a solution (of a dream)

Root

or שבר; from H7665 (שבר);

Exhaustive

or שבר; from שבר; a fracture, figuratively, ruin; specifically, a solution (of a dream); affliction, breach, breaking, broken(-footed, -handed), bruise, crashing, destruction, hurt, interpretation, vexation.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7667

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שֶׁבֶר

noun masculine • Root שבר • Strongs / High • Page 1378

Grain, corn (even on the stalk).

שֶׁבֶר

noun masculine • Root שבר • Strongs / High • Page 1379

A breaking in pieces, a shattering.

שֶׁבֶר

noun masculine • Root שבר • Strongs / High • Page 1379

1. A fracture, a breaking of the limbs; fig. a wound, misfortune, corruption, injury, downfall, sorrow, or affliction. 2. Corn, what has sprouted or is put forth.

שֶׁבֶר

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Example of interchange of שׁ and ת.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שֵׂבֶר

m. verbal • Root שבר • Page 634

hope. Ps. 119:116. 146:5.

שָׂבַר

verb • Root שבר • Page 634

to observe, view. Neh. 2:13, 15. Pi. 1. to wait. Ruth 1:13. 2. to hope. Est. 9:1. Ps. 104:27. 3. perhaps to praise. Is. 38:18.

שֶׁבֶר

noun • Root שבר • Page 653

1. A breaking (Is. 30:14). 2. A wound, injury, or breach (Lev. 21:19); includes 'שֶׁבֶר רוּחַ' a broken heart (Is. 65:14). 3. Ruin, destruction (Lam. 2:11). 4. A solution or explanation of a dream (Judg. 7:15). 5. Plural 'שְׁבָרִים' terrour (Job 41).

שָׁבַר

verb • Page 653

1. To break in pieces (Jer. 2:20). 2. To tear in pieces, of animals (1 K. 13:26). 3. To assuage thirst (Ps. 104:11). 4. To destroy (Dan. 11:26). 5. To cut off, appoint (Job 38:10). 6. To buy or sell grain (Gen. 41:56, 47:14). Includes Niph. (to be broken), Pi. (to break or smite), Hiph. (to let break through; to sell), and Hoph. (to be wounded).

Conjunction, Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: σύντριμμα συντριβῆσ συντρίμματι συντριβὴ ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H7667:

σύντριμμα 13× (27.7%)

συντριβῆσ 4× (8.6%)

συντρίμματι 3× (6.3%)

συντριβὴ 3× (5.9%)

'' 2× (3.9%)

συντριβῇ 2× (3.9%)

ταλαιπωρία 2× (3.9%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
Fear and a snare were to us, desolation and breaking.

LITV Translation:
Dread and a pit is ours, devastation and ruin.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
Fear and wrath are come upon us, Suspense and destruction.