Lamentations 3:16

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויגרס וַיַּגְרֵס

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

גרס

gâraç

Definition

to crush; also (intransitively and figuratively) to dissolve

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to crush; also (intransitively and figuratively) to dissolve; break.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1638

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גָּרַס

verb • Strongs / High • Page 340

Intransitive verb, to be broken to pieces, to be crushed. Figuratively of the soul, to be dissolved or crushed with desire for something.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גָּרַס

verb • Root גרס • Page 148

To be bruised, crushed, or broken in pieces. (Ps. 119:20). Hiph.: to cause to bite gravel (Lam. 3:16).

conjunctive, Verb Hiphil sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H1638:

No stats available

בחצץ בֶּחָצָץ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חצץ

châtsâts

Definition

properly, something cutting; hence, gravel (as grit); an arrow

Root

from H2687 (חצץ); also like H2671 (חץ)

Exhaustive

from חצץ; also like חץ; properly, something cutting; hence, gravel (as grit); an arrow; arrow, gravel (stone).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2687

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָצָץ

noun / masculine • Root חצץ • Strongs / High • Page 519

That which is broken off or separated from a large piece; hence a small stone, gravel, whose points hurt.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָצָץ

noun • Root חצץ • Page 244

Strictly small parts or pieces, from חָצַץ. 2. i. q. חֵץ an arrow; hence lightning, Ps. 77:18.

חָצָץ

noun masculine • Page 243

small stones, gravel stones (Prov. 20:17, Lam. 3:16).

Preposition -Within Art, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H2687:

No stats available

שני שִׁנָּי

twofold/second

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שן

shên

Definition

a tooth (as sharp); specifically ivory; figuratively, a cliff

Root

from H8150 (שנן); compare H8143 (שנהבים)

Exhaustive

from שנן; compare שנהבים; a tooth (as sharp); specifically ivory; figuratively, a cliff; crag, [idiom] forefront, ivory, [idiom] sharp, tooth.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8127

י

Definition

my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9020

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שֵׁן

noun masculine • Root ישן • Strongs / High • Page 1456

1. A tooth, of men or beasts, an instrument of destruction. Used idiomatically (e.g., bareness of teeth = hunger). 2. Metaphorically: a sharp rock or peak; or ivory (elephant's tooth).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שֵׁן

com. gen. • Page 689

1. a tooth. Ex. 21: 24, 27. 2. particularly an elephant's tooth, ivory. 1 K. 10: 18. Cant. 5: 14. 3. the tooth of a rock, a sharp cliff. 1 Sam. 14: 4. Job 39: 28. 4. proper name of a place, perhaps of a rock. 1 Sam. 7: 12.

Noun common both dual construct, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX: ὀδόντασ ὀδόντεσ ὀδόντα ὀδόντων ὀδοῦσιν

LXX Usage Statistics

H8127:

ὀδόντασ 11× (17.9%)

ὀδόντεσ 8× (12.3%)

ὀδόντα 5× (8.3%)

ὀδόντων 5× (7.7%)

ὀδοῦσιν 5× (7.3%)

ἐλεφάντινον 4× (7.1%)

ὀδόντοσ 3× (5.1%)

ἐλεφαντίνων 2× (3.5%)

ἀκρωτήριον 2× (3.0%)

הכפישני הִכְפִּישַׁנִי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כפש

kâphash

Definition

to tread down; figuratively, to humiliate

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to tread down; figuratively, to humiliate; cover.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3728

ני

Definition

me, personal pronoun - verb/prep. suffix: 1st person common singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9030

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כָּפַשׁ

verb • Root כפש • Strongs / High • Page 727

tr. to close.

כָּפַשׁ

verb • Root כפש • Strongs / High • Page 730

to tread down, to press down, to bend down; to press or stuff into, to fill in.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כָּפַשׁ

verb • Root כבש • Page 327

to cover, to cover over, e. g. with earth. Lam. 3:16.

Verb Hiphil perfect third person masculine singular, Suffix pronominal first person both singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H3728:

No stats available

באפר בָּאֵפֶר׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אפר

ʼêpher

Definition

ashes

Root

from an unused root meaning to bestrew;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to bestrew; ashes; ashes.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H665

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵפֶר

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 177

Fine dust, ashes; metaphorically nothingness

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֵפֶר

noun masculine • Page 67

ashes. Gen. 18:27. etc.

Preposition -Within Art, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0665:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
He will break my teeth with gravel stones, he covered me with ashes.

LITV Translation:
And He broke my teeth with gravel; He has covered me in the ashes.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And he has dashed out my teeth with gravel, He has fed me with ashes.