Judges 3:17

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויקרב וַיַּקְרֵב

and he is drawing near

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

קרב

qârab

Definition

to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose; (cause to) approach, (cause to) bring (forth, near), (cause to) come (near, nigh), (cause to) draw near (nigh), go (near), be at hand, join, be near, offer, present, produce, make ready, stand, take.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7126

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קָרַב

verb • Root קרב • Strongs / High • Page 755

to draw near to

קָרַב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 753

To approach (used for comparison with קִלֵּב, Lamed/Resh interchange)

קָרַב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1294

To lay hold of, to seize, to take; to pierce, to hurt. (I. Not used in Hebrew, used in Chaldee.)

קָרַב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1294

To join a thing, to stick to, to cling to, to approach, draw near (abs., or with אֶל or עַל); to draw near (with good will or in hostile sense); to devote oneself to God, appear before Him; euphemistically, to cohabit with a woman.

קָרַב

verb qal • Root קרב • Strongs / High • Page 1295

To draw near, to approach. Also, generally, to sacrifice (to bring near the object of sacrifice); or, to be near (in place or time).

קָרַב

verb piel • Root קרב • Strongs / High • Page 1295

To fold up or wind together, applied to certain interior parts of the body (e.g., sheaths and covers).

קָרַב

verb • Root קרב • Strongs / High • Page 1294

(I. not used) tr. to lay hold of, to seize, to take; applied not only to birds of prey, but to hostile men; to pierce, to hurt.

קָרַב

verb qal • Strongs / High • Page 1294

(II. intr.) prop. to join a thing, to stick to, to cling to, to approach, to draw near. Especially: a) to draw near to one with good will, to devote oneself to God, to appear before Him, to perform service; c) (euphemist.) to cohabit with a woman; d) to approach in a hostile sense. Also applied metaphorically to time, to approach.

קָרַב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1295

I. 1. To approach, to come near. 2. To be sacrificed. 3. To be near, doing a thing. (Also Niphal: To be sacrificed, to be near, to bring close to each other.)

קָרַב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1295

II. To bring close to each other, i. e. removing them from their former places.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קָרַב

verb • Root קרב • Page 595

To be near to a thing; to come near; to bring near; to grant access; to bring or join together. Verse references include Gen. 47: 29, Is. 41: 21, Job 31: 37, Ezek. 37: 17.

conjunctive, Verb Hiphil sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: προσάξει προσάξετε προσοίσει προσήγαγεν προσήνεγκαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H7126:

προσάξει 18× (5.8%)

προσάξετε 17× (5.5%)

προσοίσει 16× (5.1%)

προσήγαγεν 10× (3.1%)

προσήνεγκαν 9× (2.8%)

προσάξεισ 8× (2.6%)

προσοίσετε 8× (2.7%)

προσήνεγκεν 7× (2.2%)

προσελεύσεται 7× (2.5%)

προσάξουσιν 6× (2.1%)

את אֶת־

את-self eternal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

Root

apparent contracted from H226 (אות) in the demonstrative sense of entity;

Exhaustive

apparent contracted from אות in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely); (as such unrepresented in English).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H853

את

ʼêth

Definition

a hoe or other digging implement

Root

of uncertain derivation;

Exhaustive

of uncertain derivation; a hoe or other digging implement; coulter, plowshare.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H855

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

preposition • Page 82

1. with, together with (Gen. 4:1); 2. with, near by (Gen. 39:6); 3. in or on a place (1 Sam. 7:16); 4. besides (1 K. 11:25); 5. towards, erga (Ruth 2:20, 2 Sam. 16:17).

Direct object eternal self

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0853:

No stats available

H0855:

No stats available

המנחה הַמִּנְחָה

the Gift

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מנחה

minchâh

Definition

a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually bloodless and voluntary)

Root

from an unused root meaning to apportion, i.e. bestow;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to apportion, i.e. bestow; a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually bloodless and voluntary); gift, oblation, (meat) offering, present, sacrifice.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4503

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִנְחָה

noun feminine • Root מנה • Strongs / High • Page 873

A present, gift, offered to a noble or a king; tribute, impost; particularly what is presented to God, a sacrifice, especially a meat and drink offering.

מִנְחָה

aram. fem. (aramaic) • Root מנה • Strongs / High • Page 873

Aramaic feminine noun, same as the Hebrew word.

מִנְחָה

noun feminine • Root מנא מנה • Strongs / High • Page 875

A contribution or appointed gift, for the king, priests, Levites, or singers. Can also mean a portion, lot, or portion of prey.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִנְחָה

f. verbal • Root מנה • Page 386

A present, gift (Gen. 32:14); particularly a present or offering to the deity, such as a meat or drink offering (Gen. 4:3-5, Lev. 2:1); a sacrifice and offering (Ps. 40:7); a tribute, custom, to a ruling nation (2 Sam. 8:2,6, 1 K. 5:1).

מִנְחָה

chald. • Page 386

Same as the Hebrew (idem). Ref: Dan. 2:46, Ezra 7:17.

Particle definite article, Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: θυσίαν θυσίασ δῶρα θυσία θυσίαι

LXX Usage Statistics

H4503:

θυσίαν 67× (30.1%)

θυσίασ 30× (13.9%)

δῶρα 25× (12.4%)

θυσία 24× (11.8%)

θυσίαι 19× (8.2%)

μαναα 17× (7.8%)

--- 4× (2.1%)

ξένια 3× (1.6%)

σεμίδαλιν 3× (1.5%)

'' 3× (1.4%)

לעגלון לְעֶגְלוֹן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עגלון

ʻEglôwn

Definition

Eglon, the name of a place in Palestine and of a Moabitish king

Root

from H5695 (עגל); vituline;

Exhaustive

from עגל; vituline; Eglon, the name of a place in Palestine and of a Moabitish king; Eglon.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5700

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עִגֵּל

verb • Root עגל • Consonantal / Low • Page 1064

(Pih. I, not used) to be very young, tender, of children; deriv. עֶגְל, עֶגְלָה, עַגְלִּי, עֵגֶל (which see), מַעֲגָל.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

עִגֵּל

verb • Consonantal / Low • Page 1064

(Pih. II, arising out of the reduplicated עָגָל, fut. יִעְגּוֹל) to swallow, to drink greatly.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

עֵגֶל

noun masculine • Root עגל • Consonantal / Low • Page 1051

1. a calf, coupled with כֶּבֶשׂ or בֶּן שָׁנָה.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

עֵגֶל

noun masculine • Root עגל • Consonantal / Low • Page 1052

A calf (fatted calf), used metaphorically for leaping/bounding and untamed things, or wild mercenary troops. Also, a figure of a calf or ox cast in metal (a calf-image, idol), a symbol of deity.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

עָגַל

verb • Root עגל • Consonantal / Low • Page 1051

1. same as גָּלַל to circle, to turn or wind about, to be round. 2. like גָּלַל to hasten forward, to run. 3. to roll together, to twist together, into a lump (hence applied to a foetus). (Not used in Qal.)

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

עָגֹל

adjective • Root עגל • Consonantal / Low • Page 1051

round, rounded

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

Preposition, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: οδολλαμ εγλωμ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5700:

οδολλαμ 5× (39.8%)

εγλωμ 5× (36.0%)

מלך מֶלֶךְ

a king

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מלך

melek

Definition

a king

Root

from H4427 (מלך);

Exhaustive

from מלך; a king; king, royal.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4428

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

masculine noun • Root מלך • Strongs / High • Page 859

A king, ruler; properly an abstract concept of rule or government, but commonly used concretely. It can refer to a king of a land, city, people, or tribe. The term is also applied to Jehovah, idols, and animals distinguished for strength. It can also mean an adviser or counsellor, and is used as a proper name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מֶלֶךְ

noun masculine • Page 380

a king. Ezek. 26: 7. 'the king of kings,' a title of the king of Babylon. Spoken frequently of Jehovah, Ps. 5: 3, and of false gods, Am. 5: 26.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: βασιλεὺσ βασιλέωσ βασιλέα βασιλεῖ βασιλεῖσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4428:

βασιλεὺσ 631× (23.4%)

βασιλέωσ 546× (20.5%)

βασιλέα 419× (15.7%)

βασιλεῖ 196× (7.1%)

βασιλεῖσ 133× (4.9%)

βασιλεύσ 100× (3.5%)

--- 77× (3.2%)

'' 66× (2.3%)

βασιλέων 63× (2.4%)

βασιλεῦσιν 46× (1.6%)

מואב מוֹאָב

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מואב

Môwʼâb

Definition

Moab, an incestuous son of Lot; also his territory and descendants

Root

from a prolonged form of the prepositional prefix m-and H1 (אב); from (her (the mother's)) father;

Exhaustive

from a prolonged form of the prepositional prefix m-and אב; from (her (the mother's)) father; Moab, an incestuous son of Lot; also his territory and descendants; Moab.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4124

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מוֹאָב

proper name • Root מים אב , אוה • Strongs / High • Page 820

A proper name for: 1. A son of Lot. 2. The people descended from him, the Moabites. 3. The land of Moab.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מוֹאָב

noun proper • Page 360

Moab, Moabitis; a people and country on the east side of the Dead Sea. Jer. 48: 11, 13; Deut. 34: 1, 8; Num. 22: 1. Also mentions the gentile noun מוֹאָבִי.

Noun proper name

LXX: μωαβ '' μωαβίτιδοσ μωαβῖτισ μωαβιτῶν

LXX Usage Statistics

H4124:

μωαβ 158× (88.6%)

'' 6× (3.0%)

μωαβίτιδοσ 5× (2.6%)

μωαβῖτισ 4× (2.0%)

μωαβιτῶν 2× (1.2%)

αραβωθ 2× (1.0%)

ועגלון וְעֶגְל֕וֹן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

עגלון

ʻEglôwn

Definition

Eglon, the name of a place in Palestine and of a Moabitish king

Root

from H5695 (עגל); vituline;

Exhaustive

from עגל; vituline; Eglon, the name of a place in Palestine and of a Moabitish king; Eglon.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5700

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עִגֵּל

verb • Root עגל • Consonantal / Low • Page 1064

(Pih. I, not used) to be very young, tender, of children; deriv. עֶגְל, עֶגְלָה, עַגְלִּי, עֵגֶל (which see), מַעֲגָל.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

עִגֵּל

verb • Consonantal / Low • Page 1064

(Pih. II, arising out of the reduplicated עָגָל, fut. יִעְגּוֹל) to swallow, to drink greatly.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

עֵגֶל

noun masculine • Root עגל • Consonantal / Low • Page 1051

1. a calf, coupled with כֶּבֶשׂ or בֶּן שָׁנָה.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

עֵגֶל

noun masculine • Root עגל • Consonantal / Low • Page 1052

A calf (fatted calf), used metaphorically for leaping/bounding and untamed things, or wild mercenary troops. Also, a figure of a calf or ox cast in metal (a calf-image, idol), a symbol of deity.

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

עָגַל

verb • Root עגל • Consonantal / Low • Page 1051

1. same as גָּלַל to circle, to turn or wind about, to be round. 2. like גָּלַל to hasten forward, to run. 3. to roll together, to twist together, into a lump (hence applied to a foetus). (Not used in Qal.)

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

עָגֹל

adjective • Root עגל • Consonantal / Low • Page 1051

round, rounded

Matched via prefix/suffix stripped stem

Conjunction, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: οδολλαμ εγλωμ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5700:

οδολλαμ 5× (39.8%)

εγλωμ 5× (36.0%)

איש אִישׁ

a man/each one

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

איש

ʼîysh

Definition

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

Root

contracted for H582 (אנוש) (or perhaps rather from an unused root meaning to be extant);

Exhaustive

contracted for אנוש (or perhaps rather from an unused root meaning to be extant); a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation); also, another, any (man), a certain, [phrase] champion, consent, each, every (one), fellow, (foot-, husband-) man, (good-, great, mighty) man, he, high (degree), him (that is), husband, man(-kind), [phrase] none, one, people, person, [phrase] steward, what (man) soever, whoso(-ever), worthy. Compare אשה.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H376

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אִישׁ

noun masculine • Root אש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 117

1. a man, prop. strong; generally a man with relation to strength, courage and valour; a husband; with reference to sex, male, masculine (applied to men and beasts).

אִישׁ

noun masculine • Root אנש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 119

Used distributively as 'any one', 'each', 'every one'; used reciprocally as 'one another' (lit. a man to his brother); also used to express an antithetic or additional member.

אִישׁ

noun masculine • Root אנש • Strongs_Numbers • Page 929

Man. Example of a word where Nun is absorbed, from an older form אִנְשׁ.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אִישׁ

m. prim. irreg. • Root אנש אנוש • Page 46

1. man, i. q. Lat. vir; used collectively; often in apposition before other substantives (e.g., אִישׁ סָרִיס an eunuch, Jer. 38:7). Used as a designation of sex, even in animals (Gen. 7:2); hence a husband (Gen. 3:16). 2. joined with substantives to denote a possessor of a quality (e.g., אִישׁ אָוֶן a wicked wretch). 3. followed by אָח or רֵעַ, 'the one... the other'. 4. any one, some one (Ex. 16:29). 5. every one (Ex. 16:29). 6. used impersonally like French 'on' or German 'man' (1 Sam. 9:9).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0376:

No stats available

בריא בָּריא

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בריא

bârîyʼ

Definition

fatted or plump

Root

from H1254 (ברא) (in the sense of H1262 (ברה));

Exhaustive

from ברא (in the sense of ברה); fatted or plump; fat ((fleshed), -ter), fed, firm, plenteous, rank.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1277

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בָּרִיא

adjective • Root ברא • Lemma_Lookup • Page 278

Fat, thick, fleshy; full (of ears of corn); vigorous; nourishing (of food).

בְּרִיאָה

noun feminine / adjective • Root ברא • Lemma_Lookup • Page 278

A created thing, something created; (as adj.) fat, thick.

גַּבְרִיאֵל

noun proper • Root גבר • Lemma_Lookup • Page 301

El is a hero; a proper name of an angel who explains symbols and makes prophecy clear.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בָּרִיא

m. dec. iii. a. • Root ברא ברה • Page 115

Fat, fatted, plump; spoken of animals (Gen. 41: 2 ff.), men (Judg. 3: 17, Ps. 73: 4), and food (Hab. 1: 16).

Adjective adjective both singular absolute

LXX: ἐκλεκτοὶ ἐκλεκταὶ ἐκλεκτάσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1277:

ἐκλεκτοὶ 2× (16.4%)

ἐκλεκταὶ 2× (13.9%)

ἐκλεκτάσ 2× (12.7%)

מאד מְאֹד׃

exceeding/greatness

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מאד

mᵉʼôd

Definition

properly, vehemence, i.e. (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or superlative; especially when repeated)

Root

from the same as H181 (אוד);

Exhaustive

from the same as אוד; properly, vehemence, i.e. (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or superlative; especially when repeated); diligently, especially, exceeding(-ly), far, fast, good, great(-ly), [idiom] louder and louder, might(-ily, -y), (so) much, quickly, (so) sore, utterly, very ([phrase] much, sore), well.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3966

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מְאֹד

m. noun / adverb • Root אוד • Strongs / High • Page 798

As a noun: power, strength, firmness. As an adverb: much, exceedingly, entirely, quickly, very. It is used to give force to verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מְאֹד

substantive / adv. • Root אוד איד • Page 350

1. Strength, force, vehementia (Deut. 6:5; 2 K. 23:25). 2. Usually an adverb: exceedingly, very, especially (Gen. 7:19; Num. 14:7; Ps. 46:2).

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: σφόδρα --- λίαν ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3966:

σφόδρα 258× (88.7%)

--- 13× (4.5%)

λίαν 8× (2.7%)

'' 2× (0.6%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And he will bring the gift to Eglon, king of Moab: and Eglon a very fat man.

LITV Translation:
And he brought the present to Eglon the king of Moab; and Eglon was a very fat man.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And he went, and brought the presents to Eglon king of Moab, and Eglon was a very handsome man.