Joshua 2:15

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ותורדם וַתּוֹרִדֵם

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ירד

yârad

Definition

to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to bring down (in all the above applications)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to bring down (in all the above applications); [idiom] abundantly, bring down, carry down, cast down, (cause to) come(-ing) down, fall (down), get down, go(-ing) down(-ward), hang down, [idiom] indeed, let down, light (down), put down (off), (cause to, let) run down, sink, subdue, take down.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3381

הם

Definition

them, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9038

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָרַד

verb • Root ירד • Strongs / High • Page 644

to fall from or down, to go down, descend, come down.

יָרַד

verb • Root ירד • Strongs / High • Page 645

To go down, descend. This verb has numerous applications, including: to be brought down, to fall down, to run downwards (like a boundary), to sink or perish, to descend (like a shadow on a sundial), to come down (as a manifestation of God), to rush down to battle, to enter a lower place (e.g., a ship or well), to walk down to a lower location, to travel to a lower country, to flow down (like a stream), or to fall (like rain or dew).

יָרַד

verb • Root ירד • Strongs / High • Page 755

to go down to

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָרַד

verb • Page 297

To go down, to descend. Used for journeys from higher to lower terrain, such as to Egypt (Gen. 12:10), Philistia (1 Sam. 13:20), or southwards (1 Sam. 25:1). Also refers to inanimate objects, such as a road leading down (Prov. 7:27) or streams flowing down (Deut. 9:21). Metaphorically, it means to fall in wealth or circumstances (Deut. 28:43). Hiphil form הוֹרִיד: to make to go down, to bring down, or to cast down (Gen. 37:25, Prov. 21:22). Hophal form הוּרַד is the passive of Hiphil (Gen. 39:1).

conjunctive, Verb Hiphil sequential imperfect third person feminine singular, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: κατέβη κατέβησαν καταβήσεται κατάβηθι καταβῆναι

LXX Usage Statistics

H3381:

κατέβη 76× (19.3%)

κατέβησαν 24× (6.1%)

καταβήσεται 23× (5.8%)

κατάβηθι 20× (5.3%)

καταβῆναι 9× (2.4%)

καταβαινόντων 9× (2.3%)

καταβήσονται 8× (2.0%)

καταβαίνοντεσ 7× (1.7%)

καταβήσῃ 7× (1.9%)

κατέβην 6× (1.6%)

בחבל בַּחֶבֶל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חבל

chebel

Definition

a rope (as twisted), especially a measuring line; by implication, a district or inheritance (as measured); or a noose (as of cords); figuratively, a company (as if tied together); also a throe (especially of parturition); also ruin

Root

or חבל; from H2254 (חבל);

Exhaustive

or חבל; from חבל; a rope (as twisted), especially a measuring line; by implication, a district or inheritance (as measured); or a noose (as of cords); figuratively, a company (as if tied together); also a throe (especially of parturition); also ruin; band, coast, company, cord, country, destruction, line, lot, pain, pang, portion, region, rope, snare, sorrow, tackling.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2256

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֲבַל

verb • Root חבל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 453

(not used) Aram. tr. same as Hebr. חָבַל II. to wound, to injure.

Matched via consonantal key only

חֲבָל

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 453

Aram. m. hurt, damage.

Matched via consonantal key only

חֲבֹל

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 453

1. a pledge. 2. perverseness, sinning.

Matched via consonantal key only

חִבֵּל

verb • Root חבל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 452

A denominative from חֵבֶל. The fundamental signification is of twisting and binding in the widest sense.

Matched via consonantal key only

חִבֵּל

verb • Root חבל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 452

To destroy; to cause corruption.

Matched via consonantal key only

חִבֵּל

verb • Root חבל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 453

Pih. to bring forth, with pain.

Matched via consonantal key only

חֵבֶל

noun / masculine • Root חבל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 452

A cord, rope, lace, chain, or leash. Figuratively: a band or net (of sin, misery, death); a measuring line, portion, lot, district, region; splendid bindings; a band of men; destruction.

Matched via consonantal key only

חֵבֶל

noun • Consonantal / Medium • Page 453

writhings, twistings, the pains of birth, tormenta.

Matched via consonantal key only

חַבֵּל

verb • Root חבל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 453

Pa. (inf. חַבָּלָה) to destroy, a house; to kill; to fell.

Matched via consonantal key only

חָבַל

verb • Root חבל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 451

1. to wind together, to bind together (e.g., a rope), hence to associate together. 2. Figuratively: to pledge, to take something as a pledge. 3. Figuratively: to act perversely, corruptly.

Matched via consonantal key only

חָבַל

verb • Root חבל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 452

To transgress, to sin. Figuratively: to twist, to bend from pain (e.g., childbirth); to conceive, to copulate.

Matched via consonantal key only

חָבַל

verb • Root חבל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 452

To wound, to injure. To cut into, to make a notch in; hence to damage, to corrupt, to destroy. (Kal not used).

Matched via consonantal key only

חָבַל

verb • Root חבל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 452

To conduct, to lead, to manage (e.g. people, war); to steer a ship. (Not used in Kal).

Matched via consonantal key only

חֹבֵל

noun masculine • Root חבל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 453

helm-work (from חבל III.), prop. a (ship's) steering, guiding, gubernaculum.

Matched via consonantal key only

חֹבֵל

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 453

1. a steersman. 2. collect. sailors.

Matched via consonantal key only

חֻבַּל

verb • Root חבל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 452

To be broken; figuratively, to be destroyed (spoken of the spirit).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חֶבֶל

noun masculine • Root חבל • Page 212

1. line, rope, cord (Josh. 2:15, Ecc. 12:6). 2. especially a measuring-line (Am. 7:17, 2 Sam. 8:2). 3. a portion of land measured out and assigned to any one by lot (Josh. 17:14, 19:9, Ps. 16:6, Deut. 32:9). 4. a district of country, a region (Deut. 3:4, 13:14). 5. a snare, net (Ps. 140:6, Job 18:10, Ps. 18:5, 116:3). 6. a band or company of men (1 Sam. 10:5, 10).

חֲבָל

m. chald. • Page 212

hurt, injury. (Dan. 3:25).

חֲבָל

m. verbal from חָבַל no. ii • Root חבל • Page 212

a pawn, pledge. (Ezek. 18:12, 16, 33:15).

חֲבָל

m. chald. • Page 212

injury. (Ezra 4:22).

חִבֵּל

noun masculine • Root חבל • Page 212

found only Prov. 23:34. a part of a ship, probably the mast, so called from the ropes (חֶבֶל) by which it is made fast.

חֵבֶל

noun masculine • Root חבל • Page 211

Pains or throes of a woman in childbirth. Usually in the plural חֲבָלִים (Is. 13:8; 66:7; Jer. 13:21; 22:23). Verbal from חָבַל no. III. 2.

Preposition -Within Art, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: σχοίνισμα ὠδῖνεσ σχοινία σχοινίοισ σχοινίον

LXX Usage Statistics

H2256a:

σχοίνισμα 9× (13.8%)

ὠδῖνεσ 8× (12.9%)

σχοινία 8× (11.9%)

σχοινίοισ 5× (7.2%)

σχοινίον 4× (6.6%)

σχοινίῳ 3× (4.2%)

---% 3× (3.4%)

ὠδῖνασ 2× (3.3%)

σχοινίσματα 2× (3.3%)

--- 2× (3.3%)

בעד בְּעַד

through/separated away from

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בעד

bᵉʻad

Definition

in up to or over against; generally at, beside, among, behind, for, etc.

Root

from H5704 (עד) with prepositional prefix;

Exhaustive

from עד with prepositional prefix; in up to or over against; generally at, beside, among, behind, for, etc.; about, at by (means of), for, over, through, up (-on), within.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1157

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בַּעַד

root • Consonantal / Medium • Page 259

(Not used) an assumed stem for the particle בַּעַד, בְּעַד. To be separated, removed; to be back, to be behind.

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּעַד

preposition • Root ב עד • Consonantal / Medium • Page 260

A pronominal stem compounded of בְּ and עַד used as a preposition. Its meanings include: 1. At, beside, near; 2. Behind (specifically closing/shutting upon or around something); 3. Through (motion between); 4. For, on behalf of (expressing protection, intercession, or direction towards).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּעַד / בַּעַד

preposition • Page 106

1. behind, after (Gen. 7:16, Judg. 3:22). 2. for (1 Sam. 7:9, 2 Sam. 10:12). 3. through (Joel 2:8, 9). 4. about, round about (Ps. 139:11). 5. by (1 Sam. 4:18).

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: περὶ διὰ ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ κατ'

LXX Usage Statistics

H1157:

περὶ 12× (16.7%)

διὰ 10× (14.0%)

ὑπὲρ 6× (8.4%)

ἐμοῦ 5× (5.9%)

κατ' 4× (5.6%)

dπερὶ 4× (4.7%)

ἐκτὸσ 3× (4.2%)

ἔξω 3× (3.1%)

κατὰ 2× (2.8%)

ἔξωθεν 2× (2.8%)

החלון הַחַלּוֹן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חלון

challôwn

Definition

a window (as perforated)

Root

Exhaustive

a window (as perforated); window.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2474

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חַלּוֹן

comm. • Root חלל • Strongs / High • Page 488

A hole, an air-hole, light-hole, then window.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חַלּוֹן

com. gen. • Page 229

A window. References: Josh. 2:18, Ezek. 41:16, Joel 2:9, Ezek. 40:16, Gen. 26:8, Josh. 2:15, Judg. 5:28.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: θυρίδεσ θυρίδοσ θυρίδων θυρίδα αὐτῆσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2474:

θυρίδεσ 11× (31.4%)

θυρίδοσ 8× (24.4%)

θυρίδων 4× (12.2%)

θυρίδα 4× (11.7%)

αὐτῆσ 2× (3.9%)

כי כִּי

for

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כי

kîy

Definition

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

Root

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent;

Exhaustive

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3588

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כִּי

masculine noun • Root כוה • Strongs / High • Page 690

A prick, mark, stigma; a brand.

כִּי

relative conjunction • Root כי • Strongs / High • Page 690

A pronominal root used as a relative conjunction. 1. usually a relative particle, that, quod, to denote the relation of the preceding to the following clause, such as in indirect and direct speech.

כִּי

particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 691

A versatile particle with several primary meanings. 1. As a conjunction, it can introduce an exclamation, a question, or an emphatic confirmation, and is sometimes translated as 'that'. 2. As a relative particle of time, it means 'when', 'if', 'since', 'as', 'as often as'. 3. As a causal particle, it means 'because' or 'for'. 4. As a particle of consequence, it can mean 'so' or 'then'.

כִּי

conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 692

A relative conjunction with a wide range of meanings depending on context. Causal: 'for', 'because'. Adversative: 'but', 'nay but', 'nay for', 'no', 'but yes', 'but indeed', 'but yet'. Comparative: 'but now'. Concessive: 'although'. Consequential: 'for which reason'.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כִּי

m. subst. • Root כוה • Page 314

I. a mark burnt in, a brand, stigma. Is. 3: 24.

כִּי

primitive particle • Page 314

II. Probably a relative pronoun, i. q. אֲשֶׁר (Gen. 4:25). Used as a conj.: 1. that (Gen. 1:4). 2. for, because (Gen. 3:14). 3. if (Ex. 3:21). 4. when (Hos. 11:1). 5. yet, although (Ps. 116:10). 6. but (Gen. 45:8). 7. yea rather (Ps. 44:23). 8. often used at the beginning of a proposition (Zech. 3:8). 9. at the beginning of the apodosis (Gen. 22:17).

Particle

LXX: ὅτι γὰρ ἐὰν διότι ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H3588a:

ὅτι 2030× (53.1%)

γὰρ 394× (10.3%)

ἐὰν 276× (7.0%)

διότι 259× (6.8%)

--- 158× (4.1%)

ἀλλ' 114× (2.9%)

'' 76× (1.7%)

ὅταν 55× (1.4%)

καὶ 49× (1.3%)

γάρ 44× (1.2%)

ביתה בֵיתָהּ

the house of herself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בית

bayith

Definition

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

Root

probably from H1129 (בנה) abbreviated;

Exhaustive

probably from בנה abbreviated; a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.); court, daughter, door, [phrase] dungeon, family, [phrase] forth of, [idiom] great as would contain, hangings, home(born), (winter) house(-hold), inside(-ward), palace, place, [phrase] prison, [phrase] steward, [phrase] tablet, temple, web, [phrase] within(-out).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1004

ה

Definition

her, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9024

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בִּית

verb • Root בית • Consonantal / Medium • Page 230

To pass the night.

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine • Root בות • Consonantal / Medium • Page 237

house in the widest sense, consequently also tent, hut, tower, palace, temple

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine (aramaic) • Consonantal / Medium • Page 239

The same [as Hebrew 'house']; king's house; temple; treasury; banquet-house.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בַּּיִת

noun • Page 97

A city of Moab, Is. 15:2. Elsewhere written more in full as בֵּית בַּעַל מְעוֹן.

בַּיִת

noun masculine • Root בות • Page 96

1. House, dwelling (Gen. 15:3, Ecc. 2:7). 2. Tent (Gen. 33:17, 2 K. 23:7). 3. Palace, temple (Gen. 12:15, 1 Sam. 5:2, 1 K. 4:6, Is. 14:18). 4. Applied to part of a house or palace, e.g., banqueting-hall (Est. 7:8) or harem (Est. 2:3). 5. Repository, place, or container of any thing, e.g., smelling bottles (Is. 3:20), places for staves (Ex. 26:29), spider's web (Job 8:14), trench (1 K. 18:32), or tomb (Neh. 2:3). 6. The inner part, within (Ex. 28:26, Gen. 6:14). 7. Figuratively: family, kindred, tribe, people (Ex. 12:4, Gen. 7:1, Hos. 8:1). 8. Particularly posterity (Ruth 4:11, 2 Sam. 7:27). 9. Strictly one's father's house (Gen. 24:23, 46:31, Num. 1:2).

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular

LXX: οἶκον οἴκου οἴκῳ οἶκοσ pεἰσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1004b:

οἶκον 503× (20.8%)

οἴκου 413× (18.3%)

οἴκῳ 323× (12.8%)

οἶκοσ 163× (7.1%)

pεἰσ 92× (4.6%)

οἴκουσ 89× (3.7%)

οἰκίαν 75× (3.1%)

pἐν 70× (3.4%)

--- 57× (2.8%)

'' 54× (2.3%)

בקיר בְּקִיר

in the hand

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

קיר

qîyr

Definition

a wall (as built in a trench)

Root

or קר; (Isaiah 22:5), or (feminine) קירה; from H6979 (קור);

Exhaustive

or קר; (Isaiah 22:5), or (feminine) קירה; from קור; a wall (as built in a trench); [phrase] mason, side, town, [idiom] very, wall.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7023

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קִיר

pih. verb • Root קור • Strongs / High • Page 1271

(Pih. usage) 1. prop. to break or stick through; hence to lay in ruins, to break down, to destroy. 2. to deepen out, to make deep.

קִיר

word entry • Root קור • Strongs / High • Page 1272

farther (pl. קִירִים), and perhaps the denom. קִירָה and הַקּוּרָה.

קִיר

noun masculine • Root קיר קיר • Strongs / High • Page 1276

1. Depth of walls. 2. A thing which embraces or encloses; hence a wall (about a city, of a house, etc.). Also refers generally to a city (like קִיר מוֹאָב, a Moabite city).

קִיר

noun proper / noun masculine • Root קיר • Strongs / High • Page 1277

1. Proper noun of a town in Moab (Is. 15, 1, 22, 36), possibly meaning 'tower' or 'fortress'. 3. Proper noun of an Assyrian province, the district lying on the river Kur. 4. (pl. קִירוֹת) beams, beams of the roof and floor.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קִיר

m. gen. • Page 587

1. a wall (1 K. 6: 5, Lev. 1: 15). 2. a city, hence as a proper name (Is. 15: 1). 3. name of a people and country under the dominion of the Assyrians (Is. 22: 6, 2 K. 16: 9).

Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: τοῖχον τοίχου --- '' τοίχουσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7023:

τοῖχον 23× (29.5%)

τοίχου 10× (12.5%)

--- 6× (9.1%)

'' 5× (6.5%)

τοίχουσ 5× (6.2%)

τοίχων 4× (4.9%)

τοῖχοσ 2× (2.6%)

τοίχῳ 2× (2.4%)

τοίχοισ 2× (2.1%)

τοῖχοι 2× (2.1%)

החומה הַחוֹמָה

the Wall

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חומה

chôwmâh

Definition

a wall of protection

Root

feminine active participle of an unused root apparently meaning to join;

Exhaustive

feminine active participle of an unused root apparently meaning to join; a wall of protection; wall, walled.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2346

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חוֹמָה

noun feminine • Root חמה • Strongs / High • Page 467

prop. enclosing, protecting round about, i.e. a wall, circular wall; usually spoken of the wall of a city.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חוֹמָה

noun feminine • Root חמה • Page 218

A wall (Ex. 14:22, 29. Deut. 3:5. 28:52). i.q. Arab. حَمَا to surround, protect. Plur. חוֹמוֹת; Dual חוֹמוֹתַיִם (between the two walls, 2 K. 25:4).

Particle definite article, Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: τεῖχοσ τείχουσ τείχη τείχει ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H2346:

τεῖχοσ 41× (29.5%)

τείχουσ 28× (19.6%)

τείχη 26× (17.5%)

τείχει 12× (7.1%)

'' 8× (5.6%)

τειχέων 7× (4.6%)

αὐτῆσ 4× (2.1%)

ὡσ 2× (1.5%)

ובחומה וּבַחוֹמָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חומה

chôwmâh

Definition

a wall of protection

Root

feminine active participle of an unused root apparently meaning to join;

Exhaustive

feminine active participle of an unused root apparently meaning to join; a wall of protection; wall, walled.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2346

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חוֹמָה

noun feminine • Root חמה • Strongs / High • Page 467

prop. enclosing, protecting round about, i.e. a wall, circular wall; usually spoken of the wall of a city.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חוֹמָה

noun feminine • Root חמה • Page 218

A wall (Ex. 14:22, 29. Deut. 3:5. 28:52). i.q. Arab. حَمَا to surround, protect. Plur. חוֹמוֹת; Dual חוֹמוֹתַיִם (between the two walls, 2 K. 25:4).

Conjunction, Preposition, Noun common feminine singular absolute

LXX: τεῖχοσ τείχουσ τείχη τείχει ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H2346:

τεῖχοσ 41× (29.5%)

τείχουσ 28× (19.6%)

τείχη 26× (17.5%)

τείχει 12× (7.1%)

'' 8× (5.6%)

τειχέων 7× (4.6%)

αὐτῆσ 4× (2.1%)

ὡσ 2× (1.5%)

היא הִיא

herself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הוא

hûwʼ

Definition

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are

Root

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular;

Exhaustive

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular; he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are; he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1931

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הוּא

personal pronoun • Root הו • Strongs / High • Page 392

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. It can also be used for emphasis (he himself), as a demonstrative (this, that), to indicate self, or to strengthen other pronouns (I myself, thou thyself).

הוּא

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 393

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. Can also mean 'the same', 'himself'. It is also used as a designation for God, and can include the verb 'to be'.

הוּא

aramaic personal pronoun (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 393

Aramaic personal pronoun of the 3rd person, he.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הוּא

chald. • Page 178

idem. behold, as for as simply. So in Syr. Dan. 2:43.

הוּא

pronoun • Page 182

1. he, and as a neuter it. In the Pentateuch, used for both genders. 2. self, same, selfsame. Is. 7:14, Ps. 44:5. 3. serves as the substantive verb 'to be' (copula). Is. 43:25. Also used as 'thou (art) the same' in 2 Sam. 7:28.

הוּא

chald. pron. • Page 182

idem (the same). Dan. 2:21.

הוּא

chald. • Page 182

see הֲוָה.

הוּא

unknown • Page 217

see הָוָה.

Pronoun personal third person feminine singular

LXX: αὐτὸσ ἐστιν ἐκείνῃ οὗτοσ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H1931:

αὐτὸσ 321× (16.5%)

ἐστιν 260× (13.7%)

ἐκείνῃ 197× (10.6%)

οὗτοσ 160× (8.4%)

--- 103× (5.6%)

ἐκείνῳ 67× (3.6%)

ἐστίν 54× (2.9%)

ἐστὶν 54× (2.7%)

'' 50× (2.3%)

τοῦτο 42× (2.2%)

יושבת יוֹשָׁבֶת׃

she who sits

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ישב

yâshab

Definition

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry; (make to) abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease self, endure, establish, [idiom] fail, habitation, haunt, (make to) inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, [idiom] marry(-ing), (bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(-tle), (down-) sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate), take, tarry.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3427

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָשַׁב

verb • Root ישב • Strongs / High • Page 656

To sit, remain, dwell. The fundamental meaning is to keep firmly in a place, to hold it firmly, to possess it, and therefore to sit. Piel (יִשֵּׁב): to pitch a dwelling. Hifil (הוֹשִׁיב): to cause to sit, to cause to dwell, to cause to be inhabited. Hophal (הוּשַׁב): to be inhabited, to be made to dwell, to be settled in.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָשַׁב

verb • Root ישב • Page 301

1. To seat one's self, to sit (Ps. 9:8, Ps. 80:2, Is. 37:16). Includes sitting as a judge (Ps. 9:8) or lying in wait (Ps. 10:8). 2. To continue (Gen. 24:55, 29:19, Hos. 3:3). 3. To dwell (Gen. 13:6, Gen. 4:20, Ps. 22:4). 4. Passive: to be inhabited or habitable (Is. 13:20, Jer. 17:6). Niph. נוֹשַׁב to be inhabited (Ex. 16:35).

Verb Qal participle active feminine singular absolute

LXX: κατοικοῦντασ κατοικοῦντεσ ἐκάθισεν ἐκάθισαν κατῴκησεν

LXX Usage Statistics

H3427:

κατοικοῦντασ 88× (7.4%)

κατοικοῦντεσ 80× (6.4%)

ἐκάθισεν 61× (5.4%)

ἐκάθισαν 37× (3.4%)

κατῴκησεν 34× (3.1%)

ἐκάθητο 29× (2.8%)

κατῴκησαν 28× (2.6%)

κατῴκει 24× (2.3%)

κατοικοῦσιν 23× (2.0%)

κατοικεῖν 23× (2.2%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And she will let them down by a cord through the window; for her house was upon the wall side and she will dwell upon the wall.

LITV Translation:
Then she let them down by a rope through the window, for her house was in the side of the wall, and she lived in the wall.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And she let them down by the window;