Joshua 19:46

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ומי וּמֵי

and who

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מי הירקון

Mêy hay-Yarqôwn

Definition

Me-haj-Jarkon, a place in Palestine

Root

from H4325 (מים) and H3420 (ירקון) with the art. interposed; water of the yellowness;

Exhaustive

from מים and ירקון with the art. interposed; water of the yellowness; Me-haj-Jarkon, a place in Palestine; Me-jarkon.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4313

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מֵי הַיַּרְקוֹן

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 843

see יַרְקוֹן.

Conjunction, Noun common masculine plural construct

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H4313:

No stats available

הירקון הַיַּרְקוֹן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

מי הירקון

Mêy hay-Yarqôwn

Definition

Me-haj-Jarkon, a place in Palestine

Root

from H4325 (מים) and H3420 (ירקון) with the art. interposed; water of the yellowness;

Exhaustive

from מים and ירקון with the art. interposed; water of the yellowness; Me-haj-Jarkon, a place in Palestine; Me-jarkon.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4313

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מֵי הַיַּרְקוֹן

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 843

see יַרְקוֹן.

Particle definite article, Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H4313:

No stats available

והרקון וְהָרַקּוֹן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

רקון

Raqqôwn

Definition

Rakkon, a place in Palestine

Root

from H7534 (רק); thinness;

Exhaustive

from רק; thinness; Rakkon, a place in Palestine; Rakkon.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7542

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

רַקּוֹן

proper noun • Root רקק • Strongs / High • Page 1357

(bank-district, a place well watered); n. p. of a place in Dan on the Mediterranean Sea.

Conjunction, Particle definite article, Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H7542:

No stats available

עם עִם־

together with/a people

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עם

ʻim

Definition

adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then usually unrepresented in English)

Root

from H6004 (עמם);

Exhaustive

from עמם; adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then usually unrepresented in English); accompanying, against, and, as ([idiom] long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from (among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-) to, with(-al).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5973

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עִם

name element • Root אם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

(In united words like עַמִּי, עֲמִדָּה). Element peculiar to personal names, generally referring to God, signifying uniter, gatherer, binder together, or family-founder. Interchangeable with אֵל, אָב, אָח, and אִם.

עִם

particle / preposition / conjunction • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1101

A particle/preposition meaning with, cum, beside, by, expressing communion, union, conjunction, or accompaniment. Also functions as a sign of coordination (and).

עִם

preposition / adverb / conjunction • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1102

Among, between, inter, in medio, apud, with; in the midst of; notwithstanding. (When combined with מִן (מֵעִם): away from, from near, out of the possession of, from, according to the mind of.)

עִם

aramaic preposition / conjunction (aramaic) • Root עמם • Strongs / High • Page 1102

Aramaic preposition/conjunction: together with; with (e.g., the clouds of heaven, meaning riding on a cloud); of time, so long as, as long as, like; by (e.g., by night).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עִם

preposition • Page 512

used only as a preposition. 1. with. Gen. 27: 44. Ex. 22: 29. עִם זֶה with all this, notwithstanding this, Neh. 5: 18. עִם שֶׁמֶשׁ so long as the sun shall endure, Ps. 72: 5. 2. before; e. g. עִם אֵל before God, Job 9: 2. 27: 13. 3. against; e. g. נִלְחַם עִם to fight against.

עִם

preposition • Page 513

with; also in, e.g. עִם לֵילְיָא in the night (Dan. 7:2); עִם דָּר וְדָר so long as the generations of men last (Dan. 3:33, 4:31).

Preposition

LXX: μετὰ μετ' μεθ' ἐμοῦ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H5973a:

μετὰ 252× (26.0%)

μετ' 226× (22.7%)

μεθ' 68× (6.9%)

ἐμοῦ 55× (4.8%)

--- 31× (3.2%)

παρὰ 30× (3.1%)

παρ' 24× (2.5%)

πρὸσ 23× (2.4%)

'' 22× (1.9%)

ἀπὸ 20× (2.1%)

הגבול הַגְּבוּל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

גבול

gᵉbûwl

Definition

properly, a cord (as twisted), i.e. (by implication) a boundary; by extension the territory inclosed

Root

or גבל; (shortened) from H1379 (גבל);

Exhaustive

or גבל; (shortened) from גבל; properly, a cord (as twisted), i.e. (by implication) a boundary; by extension the territory inclosed; border, bound, coast, [idiom] great, landmark, limit, quarter, space.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1366

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גְּבוּל

noun masculine • Root גבל • Strongs / High • Page 295

The extremity or last part of a thing, by which it is enclosed or encompassed. Hence: 1. border, edge, surrounding margin. 2. border in the widest sense, such as the border of a province, a district with its border, territory.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גְּבוּל

noun masculine • Root גבל • Page 125

1. bound, limit, border. Num. 34: 3 ff. Deut. 3 : 16, 17. Josh. 13: 23, 27. 15:47. 2. territory. Ex. 10: 14. 3. edge, border, margin. Ezek. 43: 13, 17, 20. Plur. גְּבוּלִים territory, like the Lat. fines. 1 Sam. 5: 6. 2 K. 15: 16. 18: 8.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ὅρια ὁρίων ὅριον ὅριά ὁρίοισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1366:

ὅρια 85× (34.5%)

ὁρίων 63× (25.0%)

ὅριον 30× (12.5%)

ὅριά 13× (5.1%)

ὁρίοισ 11× (4.1%)

αὐτῆσ 8× (2.5%)

ὁρίου 5× (2.3%)

ὁρίῳ 4× (1.6%)

--- 3× (1.4%)

ὁριεῖ 3× (1.4%)

מול מוּל

facing

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מול

mûwl

Definition

properly, abrupt, i.e. a precipice; by implication, the front; used only adverbially (with prepositional prefix) opposite

Root

or מול; (Deuteronomy 1:1), or מואל; (Nehemiah 12:38), or מל; (Numbers 22:5), from H4135 (מול);

Exhaustive

or מול; (Deuteronomy 1:1), or מואל; (Nehemiah 12:38), or מל; (Numbers 22:5), from מול; properly, abrupt, i.e. a precipice; by implication, the front; used only adverbially (with prepositional prefix) opposite; (over) against, before, (fore-) front, from, (God-) ward, toward, with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4136

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מוּל

verb • Root מול • Strongs / High • Page 822

To divide, to cut off, to cut away; specifically, to circumcise. Used figuratively for dedication and purification.

מוּל

preposition • Root מול • Strongs / High • Page 822

A preposition: 1. before (expressing motion and rest), in front of, close before, at, beside. 2. over against, before a thing at a certain distance.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מוּל

verb • Page 361

To circumcise (the foreskin). Gen. 21: 4, Ex. 12: 44. Metaphorically used for the heart (Deut. 10: 16, 30: 6). includes Niph. pass., Hiph. (to destroy), and Hithpal. (to be cut off, blunted).

מוֹל

preposition • Page 361

Before, coram (Ex. 18: 19); over against (Deut. 3: 29). Occurs in combinations like אֶל מוֹל (towards) or מִמּוּל (from over against). Deut. 1: 1.

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: πλησίον πρόσωπον ἐγγὺσ '' ἐρχομένῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4136:

πλησίον 7× (19.6%)

πρόσωπον 6× (11.5%)

ἐγγὺσ 3× (8.4%)

'' 3× (7.1%)

ἐρχομένῳ 2× (5.6%)

κατέναντι 2× (5.6%)

ἐναντίασ 2× (4.8%)

[d] 2× (4.8%)

μέρουσ 2× (3.9%)

יפו יָפוֹ׃

They Are Beautiful ("Yaph-o")

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יפו

Yâphôw

Definition

Japho, a place in Palestine

Root

or יפוא; (Ezra 3:7), from H3302 (יפה); beautiful;

Exhaustive

xlit Yâphô corrected to Yâphôw; or יפוא; (Ezra 3:7), from יפה; beautiful; Japho, a place in Palestine; Japha, Joppa.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3305

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָפוֹ

noun proper • Root יפה • Strongs / High • Page 629

High-town; a Philistine maritime city (Joppa).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָפוֹ

noun proper • Page 291

also יָפוֹא Ezra 3: 7. In Greek 'Ioppē, a city on the Mediterranean with a celebrated harbour; now called Jaffa. Jon. 1: 3.

Noun proper name

LXX: ιόππησ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3305:

ιόππησ 3× (61.9%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
The Water of Paleness, and Rakkon, with the bound in front of Joppa.

LITV Translation:
and Mejarkon, and Rakkon, with the border before Japho.

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And westward of Jarkon the border was near to Joppa.