Joshua 19:27

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ושב וְשָׁב

and he has turned back

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שוב

shûwb

Definition

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again; ((break, build, circumcise, dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge, make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) [idiom] again, (cause to) answer ([phrase] again), [idiom] in any case (wise), [idiom] at all, averse, bring (again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back), cease, [idiom] certainly, come again (back), [idiom] consider, [phrase] continually, convert, deliver (again), [phrase] deny, draw back, fetch home again, [idiom] fro, get (oneself) (back) again, [idiom] give (again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see) more, [idiom] needs, be past, [idiom] pay, pervert, pull in again, put (again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh, relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve, (cause to, make to) return, reverse, reward, [phrase] say nay, send back, set again, slide back, still, [idiom] surely, take back (off), (cause to, make to) turn (again, self again, away, back, back again, backward, from, off), withdraw.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7725

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 755

to return to

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1389

Intransitive: properly, to turn; to turn away from; to revolve; to come back or revert to; to be restored; to return home; to remain behind.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1391

To turn, turn back, return (intransitive); to turn about, turn away (i.e., not to expect war), to convert, repent, to turn the face, to turn the hand (for attack or protection), to turn away anger (of God or man); to drive back, to withhold, to hinder, to lead back.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Aramaic example of interchange with ת.

שׁוּב

unknown • Strongs / High • Page 1363

Example of interchange of שׁ and ת.

שׁוּב

verb • Strongs / High • Page 1390

To turn back, to return (to an earlier state, place, or person). To be converted, to repent (turn to God). Also, to repeat (used commonly with another verb to express the idea of doing again).

שׁוּב

adverb • Root שוב • Strongs / High • Page 1390

Again, besides, in addition (used as an adverb, often abridged or associated with the infinitive לָשׁוּב).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שׂוֹב

verb • Root שיב • Page 635

To have gray hairs; see שֵׂיב.

שׁוּב

verb / fut. יָשׁוּב / apoc. יָשֵׁב • Page 657

1. to turn, turn back, return. Gen. 27: 45. 2 Chr. 30: 9. 2. to cease, desist, from a purpose or from evil. Jer. 4: 28. Ezek. 18: 24. 3. to turn back from a person.

שׁוּב

verb • Root שוב • Page 658

To turn back, to return. (2) Spoken of things without life, to go or come back (Is. 29:17, Gen. 3:19). (3) Joined with another verb, forms a periphrasis of 'again' or 'anew' (Gen. 30:31 אָשׁוּבָה, 2 K. 1:13 וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּשְׁלַח). (4) Causative, to lead or bring back (Num. 10:36). (5) Particularly in the phrase שׁוּב שְׁבוּת 'to bring back captives' (Ezek. 35:9).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἐπέστρεψεν ἀπέστρεψεν ἐπιστρέψαι ἐπιστρέψει ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H7725:

ἐπέστρεψεν 58× (5.0%)

ἀπέστρεψεν 36× (3.2%)

ἐπιστρέψαι 35× (2.9%)

ἐπιστρέψει 30× (2.6%)

'' 24× (2.0%)

ἀποστρέψαι 23× (1.8%)

ἀποστρέψω 21× (1.9%)

ἀνέστρεψεν 21× (1.9%)

πάλιν 21× (1.8%)

ἐπιστρέψω 20× (1.8%)

מזרח מִזְרַח

the place of rising

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מזרח

mizrâch

Definition

sunrise, i.e. the east

Root

from H2224 (זרח);

Exhaustive

from זרח; sunrise, i.e. the east; east (side, -ward), (sun-) rising (of the sun).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4217

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מִזְרָח

noun masculine • Root זרח • Strongs / High • Page 834

Region of the (sun-) rising, the east, opposite of the west.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מִזְרָח

m. verbal • Root זרח • Page 367

The sun-rising, the east. Ps. 103:12. Expressed as מִזְרָח (Neh. 12:37), מִזְרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ (Deut. 4:47), מִזְרָחָה (Ex. 27:13), and מִזְרָחָה שֶׁמֶשׁ (Deut. 4:41).

Noun common both singular construct

LXX: ἀνατολῶν ἀνατολὰσ κατ' ἀπ' ἀνατολάσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4217:

ἀνατολῶν 31× (28.1%)

ἀνατολὰσ 25× (22.5%)

κατ' 12× (12.8%)

ἀπ' 10× (10.4%)

ἀνατολάσ 6× (5.4%)

pἀπ' 2× (2.1%)

pἀφ' 2× (2.1%)

ἐπ' 2× (2.1%)

pκατ' 2× (2.1%)

ἀνατολῆσ 2× (2.0%)

השמש הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ

the Sun

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שמש

shemesh

Definition

the sun; by implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e. (architectural) a notched battlement

Root

from an unused root meaning to be brilliant;

Exhaustive

from an unused root meaning to be brilliant; the sun; by implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e. (architectural) a notched battlement; [phrase] east side(-ward), sun (rising), [phrase] west(-ward), window. See also בית שמש.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8121

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שֶׁמֶשׁ

comm. • Root שמש • Strongs / High • Page 1455

Common gender noun. Properly, the light-giving or shining thing; hence the sun (a luminous body by day, diffusing heat). Also used figuratively for grace, and to denote geographical directions (east: מִזְרַח שֶׁמֶשׁ, west: מְבוֹא שֶׁמֶשׁ).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שֶׁמֶשׁ

com. gen. • Page 689

1. the sun. Frequent expression 'under the sun', i.e. on the earth. Eccl. 1: 3, 9. Ps. 84: 12. 2. Plur. שִׁמְשׁוֹת battlements, pinnacles, turrets (on a wall). Is. 54: 12.

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἥλιον ἡλίου ἥλιοσ ἡλίῳ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8121:

ἥλιον 41× (29.0%)

ἡλίου 40× (31.9%)

ἥλιοσ 40× (28.1%)

ἡλίῳ 7× (4.6%)

בית בֵּית

house

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בית־דגון

Bêyth-Dâgôwn

Definition

Beth-Dagon, the name of two places in Palestine

Root

from H1004 (בית) and H1712 (דגון); house of Dagon;

Exhaustive

from בית and דגון; house of Dagon; Beth-Dagon, the name of two places in Palestine; Beth-dagon.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1016

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בִּית

verb • Root בית • Consonantal / Medium • Page 230

To pass the night.

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine • Root בות • Consonantal / Medium • Page 237

house in the widest sense, consequently also tent, hut, tower, palace, temple

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine (aramaic) • Consonantal / Medium • Page 239

The same [as Hebrew 'house']; king's house; temple; treasury; banquet-house.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בַּּיִת

noun • Page 97

A city of Moab, Is. 15:2. Elsewhere written more in full as בֵּית בַּעַל מְעוֹן.

Noun proper name

LXX: βαγαδιηλ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1016:

βαγαδιηλ 2× (47.9%)

דגן דָּגֹן֒

the grain increase

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בית־דגון

Bêyth-Dâgôwn

Definition

Beth-Dagon, the name of two places in Palestine

Root

from H1004 (בית) and H1712 (דגון); house of Dagon;

Exhaustive

from בית and דגון; house of Dagon; Beth-Dagon, the name of two places in Palestine; Beth-dagon.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1016

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בִּית

verb • Root בית • Consonantal / Medium • Page 230

To pass the night.

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine • Root בות • Consonantal / Medium • Page 237

house in the widest sense, consequently also tent, hut, tower, palace, temple

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine (aramaic) • Consonantal / Medium • Page 239

The same [as Hebrew 'house']; king's house; temple; treasury; banquet-house.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בַּּיִת

noun • Page 97

A city of Moab, Is. 15:2. Elsewhere written more in full as בֵּית בַּעַל מְעוֹן.

Noun proper name

LXX: βαγαδιηλ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1016:

βαγαδιηλ 2× (47.9%)

ופגע וּפָגַע

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

פגע

pâgaʻ

Definition

to impinge, by accident or violence, or (figuratively) by importunity

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to impinge, by accident or violence, or (figuratively) by importunity; come (betwixt), cause to entreat, fall (upon), make intercession, intercessor, intreat, lay, light (upon), meet (together), pray, reach, run.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6293

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

פֶּגַע

noun masculine • Consonantal / Low • Page 1154

Incident, event, fate.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

פָּגַע

verb • Consonantal / Low • Page 1153

Transitive: properly to push, to strike, upon a person or thing; hence to meet with, to light upon, to border upon; to stumble upon one; to intercede for; or to attack, kill, or slay.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

פָּגַע

verb • Root פגע • Consonantal / Low • Page 1154

To attack, to press upon. Hiphil (מַפְגִּיעַ) means an assailant, enemy, or to press entreatingly, to intercede (an intercessor, mediator).

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

פָּגַע

verb • Root פגע • Page 536

1. to meet, light upon (Ex. 23:4). 2. to fall on, injure or kill (Judg. 8:21). 3. to reach to, border on (Josh. 16:7). 4. to address with a supplication, entreat (Ruth 1:16, Jer. 7:16). 5. to visit. Hiphil: to cause to fall (Is. 53:6), to fall on, to supplicate.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect third person masculine singular

LXX: συνάψει ἀπήντησεν συναντήσῃ συνήντησαν ἀπάντησον

LXX Usage Statistics

H6293:

συνάψει 7× (13.2%)

ἀπήντησεν 3× (5.8%)

συναντήσῃ 2× (4.0%)

συνήντησαν 2× (4.0%)

ἀπάντησον 2× (4.0%)

ἀνεῖλεν 2× (3.7%)

ἄνελε 2× (3.7%)

---% 2× (3.3%)

בזבלון בִּ֠זְבֻלוּן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

זבולון

Zᵉbûwlûwn

Definition

Zebulon, a son of Jacob; also his territory and tribe

Root

or זבלון; or זבולן; from H2082 (זבל); habitation;

Exhaustive

or זבלון; or זבולן; from זבל; habitation; Zebulon, a son of Jacob; also his territory and tribe; Zebulun.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2074

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

זְבוּלוּן

noun proper • Root זבל • Strongs / High • Page 424

Gifted, viz. of God. N. p. of the tenth son of Jacob by Leah and of the tribe descended from him.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּ

preposition • Page 84

A preposition with various meanings: 4. by (swearing, Gen. 22:16); 5. through (Num. 12:2); 6. upon (Num. 14:10); 7. to a place or thing (Judg. 6:35); 8. against (Gen. 16:12); 9. concerning (after 'to speak'); 10. out of, from (Gen. 44:5); 11. among; 12. before (Gen. 23:18); 13. for (Deut. 19:21); 14. on account of (Gen. 18:28); 15. after, according to (Gen. 1:26); 16. as (Job 34:36); 17. used with verbs of sense; 18. Beth essentiae (Jehovah is among my helpers, Ps. 118:7); 19. before an infinitive: when, while, after, since (Gen. 2:4).

בּ

prefix • Page 83

A prefix preposition with various meanings: 1. In or into a place/subject. 2. With, denoting an instrument, aid, or concomitance. 3. On, at, or near.

Preposition, Noun proper name masculine

LXX: ζαβουλων ζαβουλωνίτησ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2074:

ζαβουλων 43× (93.7%)

ζαβουλωνίτησ 2× (4.0%)

ובגי וּבְגֵי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

גיא

gayʼ

Definition

a gorge (from its lofty sides; hence, narrow, but not a gully or winter-torrent)

Root

or (shortened) גי; probably (by transmutation) from the same root as H1466 (גוה) (abbreviated);

Exhaustive

or (shortened) גי; probably (by transmutation) from the same root as גוה (abbreviated); a gorge (from its lofty sides; hence, narrow, but not a gully or winter-torrent); valley.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1516

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גֵּיא

noun feminine • Root גאה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 321

Contracted from גַּאֲוָה, meaning pride or majesty. It appears only in Zechariah 14:4 and more frequently in its plural form גֵּיאוֹת.

Matched via consonantal key only

גֵּיא

noun feminine • Root גאה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 321

An abridged form of גֵּיא, meaning a valley. Found in Isaiah 40:4.

Matched via consonantal key only

גַּיְא

noun • Root גאה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 320

A morass or lowland; a valley, a low place. Often used in designations of places, such as גֵּיא־הִנֹּם (valley of Hinnom), גֵּיא הַחֲרָשִׁים (valley of craftsmanship), גֵּיא־הַמֶּלַח (valley of salt), and others.

Matched via consonantal key only

גַּיְא

noun • Root גוה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 320

for גֵּוָה, and only in the pl. גֵּיאוֹת.

Matched via consonantal key only

גַּיְא / גֵּיא

noun feminine • Root גאה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 321

a valley. It is used to refer to specific places, such as the valley of Hinnom (Jer. 2:23), and figuratively, as in 'the valley of the shadow of death' (Ps. 23:4).

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בְּ

preposition • Page 84

A preposition with various meanings: 4. by (swearing, Gen. 22:16); 5. through (Num. 12:2); 6. upon (Num. 14:10); 7. to a place or thing (Judg. 6:35); 8. against (Gen. 16:12); 9. concerning (after 'to speak'); 10. out of, from (Gen. 44:5); 11. among; 12. before (Gen. 23:18); 13. for (Deut. 19:21); 14. on account of (Gen. 18:28); 15. after, according to (Gen. 1:26); 16. as (Job 34:36); 17. used with verbs of sense; 18. Beth essentiae (Jehovah is among my helpers, Ps. 118:7); 19. before an infinitive: when, while, after, since (Gen. 2:4).

בּ

prefix • Page 83

A prefix preposition with various meanings: 1. In or into a place/subject. 2. With, denoting an instrument, aid, or concomitance. 3. On, at, or near.

Conjunction, Preposition, Noun common both singular construct

LXX: φάραγγοσ φάραγγι φάραγξ γαι πολυάνδριον

LXX Usage Statistics

H1516:

φάραγγοσ 7× (11.3%)

φάραγγι 6× (8.9%)

φάραγξ 5× (8.7%)

γαι 5× (7.7%)

πολυάνδριον 5× (7.3%)

--- 3× (5.4%)

pεἰσ 2× (3.6%)

χάοσ 2× (3.3%)

'' 2× (3.1%)

ὄρουσ 2× (3.1%)

יפתח יִפְתַּח־

he opened

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יפתח־אל

Yiphtach-ʼêl

Definition

Jiphtach-el, a place in Palestine

Root

from H6605 (פתח) and H410 (אל); God will open;

Exhaustive

from פתח and אל; God will open; Jiphtach-el, a place in Palestine; Jiphthah-el.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3317

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Consonantal / Medium • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

Matched via consonantal key only

אֵל

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

Matched via consonantal key only

אֵל

noun • Consonantal / Medium • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

Matched via consonantal key only

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

Matched via consonantal key only

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

Matched via consonantal key only

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Consonantal / Medium • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

Matched via consonantal key only

אֵל

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

Matched via consonantal key only

אֵל

pronom. stem • Consonantal / Medium • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

Matched via consonantal key only

אֵל

pronom. stem • Consonantal / Medium • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

Matched via consonantal key only

אֵל

abbreviation • Consonantal / Medium • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Matched via consonantal key only

אֶל

preposition • Consonantal / Medium • Page 127

to, towards, ad, etc. expressing direction or mere tendency in a local view; denoting nothing but local motion or direction.

Matched via consonantal key only

אֶל

preposition • Consonantal / Medium • Page 128

Preposition denoting motion, direction, or reference: to, towards, into (entering); at, by, near (place/rest); regarding, with respect to, on account of. Also used in idiomatic constructions expressing limits (from... to) or reciprocal action (one to another).

Matched via consonantal key only

אַל

pronoun demonstrative • Consonantal / Medium • Page 126

(I) Pronominal stem/demonstrative pronoun. A gentle reference to a thing and emphasizing of it, weaker than זֶה. Hence arises its modification into the article in Arabic, and in some Hebrew remains.

Matched via consonantal key only

אַל

negative particle • Root לא • Consonantal / Medium • Page 126

(II) A negative word/particle expressing subjective negation, unwillingness, or prohibition (dissuasively 'do not', 'let not'). Distinct from the objective negative לֹא. Used in commands, wishes, and to denote dissuasion.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

Noun proper name

LXX: pἐπὶ γαιφαηλ φθαιηλ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3317:

pἐπὶ 2× (37.0%)

γαιφαηλ 2× (31.5%)

φθαιηλ 2× (31.5%)

אל אֵל

toward

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

יפתח־אל

Yiphtach-ʼêl

Definition

Jiphtach-el, a place in Palestine

Root

from H6605 (פתח) and H410 (אל); God will open;

Exhaustive

from פתח and אל; God will open; Jiphtach-el, a place in Palestine; Jiphthah-el.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3317

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Consonantal / Medium • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

Matched via consonantal key only

אֵל

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

Matched via consonantal key only

אֵל

noun • Consonantal / Medium • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

Matched via consonantal key only

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

Matched via consonantal key only

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Consonantal / Medium • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

Matched via consonantal key only

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Consonantal / Medium • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

Matched via consonantal key only

אֵל

noun masculine • Consonantal / Medium • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

Matched via consonantal key only

אֵל

pronom. stem • Consonantal / Medium • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

Matched via consonantal key only

אֵל

pronom. stem • Consonantal / Medium • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

Matched via consonantal key only

אֵל

abbreviation • Consonantal / Medium • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Matched via consonantal key only

אֶל

preposition • Consonantal / Medium • Page 127

to, towards, ad, etc. expressing direction or mere tendency in a local view; denoting nothing but local motion or direction.

Matched via consonantal key only

אֶל

preposition • Consonantal / Medium • Page 128

Preposition denoting motion, direction, or reference: to, towards, into (entering); at, by, near (place/rest); regarding, with respect to, on account of. Also used in idiomatic constructions expressing limits (from... to) or reciprocal action (one to another).

Matched via consonantal key only

אַל

pronoun demonstrative • Consonantal / Medium • Page 126

(I) Pronominal stem/demonstrative pronoun. A gentle reference to a thing and emphasizing of it, weaker than זֶה. Hence arises its modification into the article in Arabic, and in some Hebrew remains.

Matched via consonantal key only

אַל

negative particle • Root לא • Consonantal / Medium • Page 126

(II) A negative word/particle expressing subjective negation, unwillingness, or prohibition (dissuasively 'do not', 'let not'). Distinct from the objective negative לֹא. Used in commands, wishes, and to denote dissuasion.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

Noun proper name

LXX: pἐπὶ γαιφαηλ φθαιηλ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3317:

pἐπὶ 2× (37.0%)

γαιφαηλ 2× (31.5%)

φθαιηλ 2× (31.5%)

צפונה צָפוֹנָה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

צפון

tsâphôwn

Definition

properly, hidden, i.e. dark; used only of the north as aquarter (gloomy and unknown)

Root

or צפן; from H6845 (צפן);

Exhaustive

or צפן; from צפן; properly, hidden, i.e. dark; used only of the north as aquarter (gloomy and unknown); north(-ern, side, -ward, wind).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6828

ה

Definition

to

Root

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9011

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צָפוֹן

noun masculine • Root צפן • Strongs / High • Page 1242

Properly, a district covered, dark, obscure; then, the north (the region conceived of as veiled in obscurity).

צָפוֹן

noun feminine • Root צפה • Strongs / High • Page 1243

4. (from צָפָה II) A cover, a carpet; figuratively, vault of heaven (Job 26, 7).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צָפוֹן

noun masculine • Page 573

1. the north. 2. the north wind. 3. the northern hemisphere, poetically for the whole heaven. Num. 34: 7. Josh. 8: 11, 13. Gen. 13: 14. Cant. 4: 16. Job 26: 7.

Noun common both singular absolute, Suffix directional he

LXX: βορρᾶ βορρᾶν '' pἀπὸ pπρὸσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6828:

βορρᾶ 69× (42.3%)

βορρᾶν 64× (37.3%)

'' 5× (2.9%)

pἀπὸ 4× (2.8%)

pπρὸσ 3× (2.1%)

בית בֵּית

house

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בית העמק

Bêyth hâ-ʻÊmeq

Definition

Beth-ha-Emek, a place in Palestine

Root

from H1004 (בית) and H6010 (עמק) with the article interposed; house of the valley;

Exhaustive

from בית and עמק with the article interposed; house of the valley; Beth-ha-Emek, a place in Palestine; Beth-emek.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1025

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בִּית

verb • Root בית • Consonantal / Medium • Page 230

To pass the night.

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine • Root בות • Consonantal / Medium • Page 237

house in the widest sense, consequently also tent, hut, tower, palace, temple

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine (aramaic) • Consonantal / Medium • Page 239

The same [as Hebrew 'house']; king's house; temple; treasury; banquet-house.

Matched via consonantal key only

Noun proper name

LXX: σαφθαιβαιθμε

LXX Usage Statistics

H1025:

σαφθαιβαιθμε 2× (100.0%)

העמק הָעֵמֶק

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

בית העמק

Bêyth hâ-ʻÊmeq

Definition

Beth-ha-Emek, a place in Palestine

Root

from H1004 (בית) and H6010 (עמק) with the article interposed; house of the valley;

Exhaustive

from בית and עמק with the article interposed; house of the valley; Beth-ha-Emek, a place in Palestine; Beth-emek.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1025

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בִּית

verb • Root בית • Consonantal / Medium • Page 230

To pass the night.

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine • Root בות • Consonantal / Medium • Page 237

house in the widest sense, consequently also tent, hut, tower, palace, temple

Matched via consonantal key only

בַּיִת

noun masculine (aramaic) • Consonantal / Medium • Page 239

The same [as Hebrew 'house']; king's house; temple; treasury; banquet-house.

Matched via consonantal key only

Noun proper name

LXX: σαφθαιβαιθμε

LXX Usage Statistics

H1025:

σαφθαιβαιθμε 2× (100.0%)

ונעיאל וּנְעִיאֵל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

נעיאל

Nᵉʻîyʼêl

Definition

Neiel, a place in Palestine

Root

from H5128 (נוע) and H410 (אל); moved of God;

Exhaustive

from נוע and אל; moved of God; Neiel, a place in Palestine; Neiel.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5272

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

נְעִיאֵל

proper noun • Root נעה • Strongs / High • Page 976

(from נָעָה and אֵל; dwelling-place of El) Proper name of a place in Naphtali.

Conjunction, Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H5272:

No stats available

ויצא וְיָצָא

and he is going out

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יצא

yâtsâʼ

Definition

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.; [idiom] after, appear, [idiom] assuredly, bear out, [idiom] begotten, break out, bring forth (out, up), carry out, come (abroad, out, thereat, without), [phrase] be condemned, depart(-ing, -ure), draw forth, in the end, escape, exact, fail, fall (out), fetch forth (out), get away (forth, hence, out), (able to, cause to, let) go abroad (forth, on, out), going out, grow, have forth (out), issue out, lay (lie) out, lead out, pluck out, proceed, pull out, put away, be risen, [idiom] scarce, send with commandment, shoot forth, spread, spring out, stand out, [idiom] still, [idiom] surely, take forth (out), at any time, [idiom] to (and fro), utter.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3318

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יָצָא

verb • Root יצא • Strongs / High • Page 631

intransitive verb, 1. expressing self-activity, to go out, to go forth.

יָצָא

verb • Root יצא • Strongs / High • Page 632

To go out, go forth, come out, proceed. It has a wide range of applications including to walk, to go to war, to travel, to be freed, to be born, to sprout, to arise, to appear, to escape, to be published or issued.

יָצָא

verb • Root יצא • Strongs / High • Page 929

A root that interchanges with נָצָה, showing y/n interchange.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

יָצָא

verb • Page 292

To go out, to go forth. Gen. 44:4, Amos 4:3. Special meanings: (1) to arise (sun/stars) Gen. 19:23; (2) to spring up (plants) Job 5:6; (3) to be begotten or descended from Gen. 17:6; (4) to expire, be finished (time) Ex. 23:16; (5) to become free Ex. 21:2; (6) to be laid out or expended (money) 2 K. 12:13; (7) to escape Ecc. 7:18.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential perfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἐξῆλθεν ἐξελεύσεται ἐξῆλθον ἐξήγαγεν ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H3318:

ἐξῆλθεν 178× (15.7%)

ἐξελεύσεται 78× (7.2%)

ἐξῆλθον 39× (3.4%)

ἐξήγαγεν 39× (3.5%)

'' 25× (2.1%)

ἐξελθεῖν 23× (1.9%)

αὐτοὺσ 23× (1.6%)

ἐξελεύσονται 22× (2.0%)

ἐκπορευόμενοσ 21× (1.7%)

ἐξήγαγον 19× (1.7%)

אל אֶל־

toward

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אל

ʼêl

Definition

near, with or among; often in general, to

Root

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.

Exhaustive

(but only used in the shortened constructive form אל ); a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e.; near, with or among; often in general, to; about, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H413

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵל

pronominal stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Aramaic demonstrative pronoun, same as Hebrew II. in a variety of senses.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

God (used in proper names like טָבְאֵל).

אֵל

noun • Strongs_Numbers • Page 127

Used as a groundform for אַלִי.

אֵל

pronoun demonstrative • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Pronominal stem abridged from 'ela, a demonstrative vocable. Demonstrative pronoun plural 'these'. A stronger form than 'ela, namely 'elle. Often found with the article הָאֵל (these).

אֵל

pronoun • Root אלה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

Aramaic equivalent to the Hebrew אֵל II. Found only in Ezr. 5, 15 K'ri, for which the K'tib has אֵלֶּה synonymous with the Targumic אִלֵּךְ.

אֵל

noun masculine • Root איל אול • Strongs_Numbers • Page 129

A very old Semitic name of the highest deity, which already appears in the pre-historic period: God. Stands both for the God of the Hebrews (Jehovah), gods of another nation, or idols. Also means 'strong' or 'mighty'.

אֵל

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 130

God, Deity; applied to the true God, pagan gods, or in proper names. Also denotes strength, might, or power (e.g., in the phrase 'it is in the power of my hand').

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Collateral form of pronoun demonstrative אֵל (these).

אֵל

pronom. stem • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

Construct of אֶל I. (preposition 'to', 'towards').

אֵל

abbreviation • Strongs_Numbers • Page 131

An abbreviation of God in proper names, e.g. אֶלְעָלָא, אֶלְזָבָד.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אֶל

chald. • Page 49

Chald. idem. [to Hebrew אַל]. Dan. 2: 24.

אֶל

preposition • Page 50

Primary preposition meaning: 1. to (sign of the dative); 2. towards, even to (Num. 24:1); 3. at, on, near (1 K. 13:20); 4. about, concerning (Gen. 20:2); 5. in, into (Gen. 8:9); 6. among (1 Sam. 10:22); 7. through (Ezek. 44:7); 8. for, on account of (1 K. 14:5); 9. in combination with other prepositions implies direction.

אֵל

m. verbal / dec. i. a. • Root אול • Page 49

1. strong, mighty (Ezek. 31:11). 2. strength, power (Gen. 31:29; Prov. 3:27). 3. most frequently God, applied both to Jehovah and heathen gods (Is. 44:10).

אֵל

pronoun • Page 49

pronoun plural; i. q. אֵלֶּה [these]. Also appears in the form הָאֵל.

אֵל

chald. • Page 50

Chald. idem. Ezra 5:15 Keri.

Preposition

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0413:

No stats available

כבול כָּבוּל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כבול

Kâbûwl

Definition

Cabul, the name of two places in Palestine

Root

from the same as H3525 (כבל) in the sense of limitation; sterile;

Exhaustive

from the same as כבל in the sense of limitation; sterile; Cabul, the name of two places in Palestine; Cabul.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3521

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כָּבוּל

proper name • Root כבל • Strongs / High • Page 673

A dry, parched, sandy place. 1. A proper name of a border-city of Asher in the north-east of Palestine. 2. A proper name of a district in Galilee.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כָּבוּל

proper name • Page 308

Proper name of a district of Galilee, containing 20 cities, which Solomon gave to king Hiram. 1 K. 9:13.

Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H3521:

No stats available

משמאל מִשְּׂמֹאל׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שמאול

sᵉmôʼwl

Definition

properly, dark (as enveloped), i.e. the north; hence (by orientation), the left hand

Root

or שמאל; a primitive word (rather perhaps from the same as H8071 (שמלה) (by insertion of the aleph) through the idea of wrapping up);

Exhaustive

or שמאל; a primitive word (rather perhaps from the same as שמלה (by insertion of the aleph) through the idea of wrapping up); properly, dark (as enveloped), i.e. the north; hence (by orientation), the left hand; left (hand, side).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8040

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שְׂמֹאל

noun • Consonantal / Low • Page 1443

1. The left side, the left hand; the North (the veiled, dark region). 2. A figure of misfortune.

auto-fuzzy match d=1

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מָ

unknown • Root מה • Page 350

See מָה Note.

Prep-M, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: εὐωνύμων ἀριστερῶν ἀριστερά ἀριστερὰ ἀριστερᾷ

LXX Usage Statistics

H8040:

εὐωνύμων 10× (18.6%)

ἀριστερῶν 9× (16.7%)

ἀριστερά 8× (13.9%)

ἀριστερὰ 6× (10.8%)

ἀριστερᾷ 5× (7.9%)

ἀριστερὰν 4× (6.8%)

εὐώνυμοσ 2× (4.4%)

pεἰσ 2× (4.0%)

ἀριστεράν 2× (4.0%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And turned back upon the rising of the sun to the House of Grain, and struck upon Zebulon and upon the valley of Jiphthahel north of the House of the Plain, and Neiel, and went forth to Cabul from the left.

LITV Translation:
And it turns toward the rising of the sun to Beth-dagon, and it reaches to Zebulun, and to the valley of Jiphthahel toward the north side of Beth-emek, and Neiel, and goes out to Cabul on the left hand,

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And it will return westward from Beth-dagon, and will join Zebulun and Ekgai, and Iphtahel northward, and the borders will come to Saphthae-beth-emek, and Neiel, and will go on to Chobamasomel,