Joshua 19:25

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויהי וַיְהי

and he is being

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

היה

hâyâh

Definition

to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Root

a primitive root (compare H1933 (הוא));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare הוא); to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary); beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1961

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 397

To be, to exist, to live, to become. A substantive verb used to unite a subject and predicate. It can also mean to happen, to arise, or to belong to. Used in a wide variety of grammatical constructions.

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 591

To be, to become, to exist. The common Hebrew verb for 'to be', considered the root of the divine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַיָּה

noun feminine • Page 185

Keri הַוָּה suffering, calamity. Job 6: 2; 30: 13.

הָיָה

verb • Page 184

1. To be (Ex. 20:3, Num. 10:31, etc.); 2. to become (Ex. 4:4, Hos. 3:3, etc.); 3. to happen (Is. 19:15).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἔσται ἐγένετο ἦν ἐγενήθη ἔσονται

LXX Usage Statistics

H1961:

ἔσται 827× (22.9%)

ἐγένετο 634× (16.8%)

ἦν 280× (7.9%)

ἐγενήθη 215× (5.8%)

ἔσονται 160× (4.5%)

ἦσαν 134× (3.8%)

ἐγένοντο 83× (2.3%)

'' 74× (1.9%)

--- 73× (2.2%)

εἶναι 67× (1.7%)

גבולם גְּבוּלָם

the borders of themselves

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

גבול

gᵉbûwl

Definition

properly, a cord (as twisted), i.e. (by implication) a boundary; by extension the territory inclosed

Root

or גבל; (shortened) from H1379 (גבל);

Exhaustive

or גבל; (shortened) from גבל; properly, a cord (as twisted), i.e. (by implication) a boundary; by extension the territory inclosed; border, bound, coast, [idiom] great, landmark, limit, quarter, space.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1366

הם

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person masculine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person masculine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9028

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

גְּבוּל

noun masculine • Root גבל • Strongs / High • Page 295

The extremity or last part of a thing, by which it is enclosed or encompassed. Hence: 1. border, edge, surrounding margin. 2. border in the widest sense, such as the border of a province, a district with its border, territory.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גְּבוּל

noun masculine • Root גבל • Page 125

1. bound, limit, border. Num. 34: 3 ff. Deut. 3 : 16, 17. Josh. 13: 23, 27. 15:47. 2. territory. Ex. 10: 14. 3. edge, border, margin. Ezek. 43: 13, 17, 20. Plur. גְּבוּלִים territory, like the Lat. fines. 1 Sam. 5: 6. 2 K. 15: 16. 18: 8.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person masculine plural

LXX: ὅρια ὁρίων ὅριον ὅριά ὁρίοισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H1366:

ὅρια 85× (34.5%)

ὁρίων 63× (25.0%)

ὅριον 30× (12.5%)

ὅριά 13× (5.1%)

ὁρίοισ 11× (4.1%)

αὐτῆσ 8× (2.5%)

ὁρίου 5× (2.3%)

ὁρίῳ 4× (1.6%)

--- 3× (1.4%)

ὁριεῖ 3× (1.4%)

חלקת חֶלְקַת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חלקת

Chelqath

Definition

Chelkath, a place in Palestine

Root

a form of H2513 (חלקה); smoothness;

Exhaustive

a form of חלקה; smoothness; Chelkath, a place in Palestine; Helkath.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2520

הדר

heder

Definition

honour; used (figuratively) for the capital city (Jerusalem)

Root

from H1921 (הדר);

Exhaustive

from הדר; honour; used (figuratively) for the capital city (Jerusalem); glory.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1925

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֶלְקַת

noun proper • Root חלק • Strongs / High • Page 494

(field, acre) Helkath, a proper name of a Levitical city.

חֶלְקַת

proper noun • Strongs / High • Page 495

A Levitical city in Asher. Also written חֶלְקָת in Josh. 19, 25.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הֶדֶר

m. verbal from הָדַר • Root הדר • Page 181

ornament, honor, glory. Dan. 11:20.

Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H2520:

No stats available

Helkath_§Helkath@Jos.19.25:

No stats available

וחלי וַחֲלי

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חלי

Chălîy

Definition

Chali, a place in Palestine

Root

the same as H2481 (חלי);

Exhaustive

the same as חלי; Chali, a place in Palestine; Hali.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2482

הדר

heder

Definition

honour; used (figuratively) for the capital city (Jerusalem)

Root

from H1921 (הדר);

Exhaustive

from הדר; honour; used (figuratively) for the capital city (Jerusalem); glory.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1925

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֲלִי

masculine noun • Root חלה • Strongs / High • Page 489

trinkets, dress, ornament.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הֶדֶר

m. verbal from הָדַר • Root הדר • Page 181

ornament, honor, glory. Dan. 11:20.

חֲלִי

noun masculine • Page 229

An ornament for the neck, a necklace. References: Prov. 25:12, Cant. 7:2.

Conjunction, Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H2482:

No stats available

Hali_§Hali@Jos.19.25:

No stats available

ובטן וָבֶטֶן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בטן

Beṭen

Definition

Beten. a place in Palestine

Root

the same as H990 (בטן);

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H991

Conjunction, Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0991:

No stats available

ואכשף וְאַכְשָׁף׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אכשף

ʼAkshâph

Definition

Acshaph, a place in Palestine

Root

from H3784 (כשף); fascination;

Exhaustive

from כשף; fascination; Acshaph, a place in Palestine; Achshaph.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H407

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַכְשָׁף

noun proper • Root כשף • Lemma_Lookup • Page 125

Proper name of a Phenician city.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אַכְשָׁף

prop. n. loc. • Page 49

a city in the tribe of Asher. Josh. 12: 20. 19: 25.

Conjunction, Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0407:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And their bound will be Helkath and Hali, and Beten and Achsaph,

LITV Translation:
And their border was Helkath, and Hali, and Beten, and Achshaph,

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And their borders were Helkath, and Aleph, and Baethok, and Keaph,