Joshua 15:54

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

וחמטה וְחֻמְטָ֗ה

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חמטה

Chumṭâh

Definition

Chumtah, a place in Palestine

Root

feminine of H2546 (חמט); low;

Exhaustive

feminine of חמט; low; Chumtah, a place in Palestine; Humtah.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2547

גלים

Gallîym

Definition

Gallim, a place in Palestine

Root

plural of H1530 (גל); springs;

Exhaustive

plural of גל; springs; Gallim, a place in Palestine; Gallim.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1554

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חַמְטָה

noun proper • Consonantal / Low • Page 497

A city in Judah, meaning 'an enclosed place, a fortress'.

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Conjunction, Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H2547:

No stats available

Humtah_§Humtah@Jos.15.54:

No stats available

וקרית וְקִרְיַת

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

קרית ארבע

Qiryath ʼArbaʻ

Definition

Kirjath-Arba or Kirjath-ha-Arba, a place in Palestine

Root

or (with the article interposed) קרית הארבע; (Nehemiah 11:25), from H7151 (קריה) and H704 (ארבע) or H702 (ארבע); city of Arba, or city of the four (giants);

Exhaustive

or (with the article interposed) קרית הארבע; (Nehemiah 11:25), from קריה and ארבע or ארבע; city of Arba, or city of the four (giants); Kirjath-Arba or Kirjath-ha-Arba, a place in Palestine; Kirjath-arba.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7153

בשס

bâshaç

Definition

to trample down

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to trample down; tread.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1318

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַרְבַּע

proper name • Root ארבעל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 183

Giant; proper name of the progenitor of the giants in Phenician and Babylonian mythology (Ba'al-Hercules); also the proper name of the ancient city Hebron (Kiryat Arba).

Matched via consonantal key only

אַרְבַּע

cardinal number • Root רבע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 183

The cardinal number four.

Matched via consonantal key only

אַרְבַּע

numeral • Root רבע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 184

Four.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אְַרבַּע

chald. • Page 70

and אַרְבָּעָה. Idem [same as Hebrew entry for 'four'].

אַרְבַּע

noun feminine • Root רבע • Page 69

a prim. numeral: four. It stands for רְבַע. Dual אַרְבַּעְתַּיִם fourfold, 2 Sam. 12: 6. Plur. אַרְבָּעִים forty, Gen. 8: 6.

Conjunction, Noun proper name

LXX: αρβοκ πόλιν πόλισ καριαθαρβοκ καριαθαρβοκσεφερ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7153:

αρβοκ 10× (29.7%)

πόλιν 5× (16.7%)

πόλισ 4× (15.7%)

καριαθαρβοκ 4× (14.4%)

καριαθαρβοκσεφερ 2× (8.5%)

πόλει 2× (7.2%)

Hebron@Gen.13.18+:

No stats available

ארבע אַרְבַּע

four

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

קרית ארבע

Qiryath ʼArbaʻ

Definition

Kirjath-Arba or Kirjath-ha-Arba, a place in Palestine

Root

or (with the article interposed) קרית הארבע; (Nehemiah 11:25), from H7151 (קריה) and H704 (ארבע) or H702 (ארבע); city of Arba, or city of the four (giants);

Exhaustive

or (with the article interposed) קרית הארבע; (Nehemiah 11:25), from קריה and ארבע or ארבע; city of Arba, or city of the four (giants); Kirjath-Arba or Kirjath-ha-Arba, a place in Palestine; Kirjath-arba.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7153

בשס

bâshaç

Definition

to trample down

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to trample down; tread.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1318

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אַרְבַּע

proper name • Root ארבעל • Consonantal / Medium • Page 183

Giant; proper name of the progenitor of the giants in Phenician and Babylonian mythology (Ba'al-Hercules); also the proper name of the ancient city Hebron (Kiryat Arba).

Matched via consonantal key only

אַרְבַּע

cardinal number • Root רבע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 183

The cardinal number four.

Matched via consonantal key only

אַרְבַּע

numeral • Root רבע • Consonantal / Medium • Page 184

Four.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אְַרבַּע

chald. • Page 70

and אַרְבָּעָה. Idem [same as Hebrew entry for 'four'].

אַרְבַּע

noun feminine • Root רבע • Page 69

a prim. numeral: four. It stands for רְבַע. Dual אַרְבַּעְתַּיִם fourfold, 2 Sam. 12: 6. Plur. אַרְבָּעִים forty, Gen. 8: 6.

Noun proper name

LXX: αρβοκ πόλιν πόλισ καριαθαρβοκ καριαθαρβοκσεφερ

LXX Usage Statistics

H7153:

αρβοκ 10× (29.7%)

πόλιν 5× (16.7%)

πόλισ 4× (15.7%)

καριαθαρβοκ 4× (14.4%)

καριαθαρβοκσεφερ 2× (8.5%)

πόλει 2× (7.2%)

Hebron@Gen.13.18:

No stats available

היא הִיא

herself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

הוא

hûwʼ

Definition

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are

Root

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular;

Exhaustive

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is היא; a primitive word, the third person pronoun singular; he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally (instead of copula) as or are; he, as for her, him(-self), it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they, this, those, which (is), who.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1931

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הוּא

personal pronoun • Root הו • Strongs / High • Page 392

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. It can also be used for emphasis (he himself), as a demonstrative (this, that), to indicate self, or to strengthen other pronouns (I myself, thou thyself).

הוּא

pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 393

Personal pronoun, 3rd person singular masculine: he, it. Can also mean 'the same', 'himself'. It is also used as a designation for God, and can include the verb 'to be'.

הוּא

aramaic personal pronoun (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 393

Aramaic personal pronoun of the 3rd person, he.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הוּא

chald. • Page 178

idem. behold, as for as simply. So in Syr. Dan. 2:43.

הוּא

pronoun • Page 182

1. he, and as a neuter it. In the Pentateuch, used for both genders. 2. self, same, selfsame. Is. 7:14, Ps. 44:5. 3. serves as the substantive verb 'to be' (copula). Is. 43:25. Also used as 'thou (art) the same' in 2 Sam. 7:28.

הוּא

chald. pron. • Page 182

idem (the same). Dan. 2:21.

הוּא

chald. • Page 182

see הֲוָה.

הוּא

unknown • Page 217

see הָוָה.

Pronoun personal third person feminine singular

LXX: αὐτὸσ ἐστιν ἐκείνῃ οὗτοσ ---

LXX Usage Statistics

H1931:

αὐτὸσ 321× (16.5%)

ἐστιν 260× (13.7%)

ἐκείνῃ 197× (10.6%)

οὗτοσ 160× (8.4%)

--- 103× (5.6%)

ἐκείνῳ 67× (3.6%)

ἐστίν 54× (2.9%)

ἐστὶν 54× (2.7%)

'' 50× (2.3%)

τοῦτο 42× (2.2%)

חברון חֶבְרוֹן

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

חברון

Chebrôwn

Definition

Chebron, a place in Palestine, also the name of two Israelites

Root

from H2267 (חבר); seat of association;

Exhaustive

from חבר; seat of association; Chebron, a place in Palestine, also the name of two Israelites; Hebron.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2275

בשס

bâshaç

Definition

to trample down

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to trample down; tread.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1318

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֶבְרוֹן

noun proper / noun proper masculine • Root חבר • Strongs / High • Page 455

1. A proper name of a very old Phenician city. 2. As a masculine proper name, meaning association or union, in the tribe of Levi and Judah.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חֶבְרוֹן

proper name • Root חבר • Page 213

Proper name of an ancient city in the tribe of Judah. (Gen. 13:18; 14:13; 23:2; 2 Sam. 2:1; 5:5).

Noun proper name

LXX: χεβρων χεβρωνι pεἰσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H2275a:

χεβρων 67× (89.5%)

χεβρωνι 4× (5.0%)

pεἰσ 2× (3.0%)

Hebron_§Hebron@Gen.13.18:

No stats available

וציער וְצִיער

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ציער

Tsîyʻôr

Definition

Tsior, a place in Palestine

Root

from H6819 (צער); small;

Exhaustive

from צער; small; Tsior, a place in Palestine; Zior.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6730

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צִיעֹר

noun proper • Root צער • Strongs / High • Page 1229

N. P. of a locality in Judah (meaning smallness or straitness).

Conjunction, Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H6730:

No stats available

ערים עָרִים

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

עיר

ʻîyr

Definition

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

Root

or (in the plural) ער; or עיר; (Judges 10:4), from H5782 (עור)

Exhaustive

or (in the plural) ער; or עיר; (Judges 10:4), from עור; a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post); Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5892

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עִיר

noun proper masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1061

Proper name masculine meaning 'one setting up, strengthening'.

עִיר

noun feminine • Root עור • Strongs / High • Page 1083

1. An enclosed, fenced place, proceeding from the verb-idea 'to fence round, encircle, enclose'; hence town, city. 2. dwelling.

עִיר

noun feminine • Strongs / High • Page 1084

1. A tower, a castle, a tower of watch; 2. A city generally, also a village, hamlet, or encampment; 3. Part of a city; 4. Metaphor for the inhabitants of a city.

עִיר

noun masculine • Root עיר • Strongs / High • Page 1084

Heat, anger, wrath.

עִיר

noun proper masculine • Root עיר • Strongs / High • Page 1084

A proper name (a man mentioned in 1 Chr. 7, 12).

עִיר

noun masculine (aramaic) • Root עיר • Strongs / High • Page 1084

A watcher (Aram.), referring to archangels, good angels, or fallen ones.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הֵעִיר

verb • Root עור • Page 498

1. To awaken from sleep. Zech. 4:1. 2. To stir up (e.g., the leviathan). Job 41:2; Deut. 32:11. 3. intrans. to awake. Ps. 35:23; Job 8:6.

עִיר

noun feminine • Page 505

I. a city. References include city of God (Ps. 46: 5), the holy city (Neh. 11: 1), and several proper names like city of salt and city of palms (Jericho).

עִיר

noun • Page 505

II. perhaps anger, hostile attack. Jer. 15:8; Hos. 11:9. Comp. Arab. med. Vav to attack, assault.

עִיר

m. chald. • Page 505

a watcher, a name of angels in the later Jewish demonology, so called because they watch over the souls of men. Dan. 4: 10, 14, 20.

Noun common masculine plural absolute

LXX: πόλεισ πόλιν πόλεωσ πόλει πόλισ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5892b:

πόλεισ 250× (22.9%)

πόλιν 200× (17.5%)

πόλεωσ 192× (17.0%)

πόλει 120× (9.9%)

πόλισ 83× (7.5%)

πόλεσιν 76× (6.1%)

πόλεων 50× (4.4%)

'' 35× (3.1%)

--- 26× (2.7%)

pεἰσ 16× (1.7%)

תשע תֵּשַׁע

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

תשע

têshaʻ

Definition

nine or (ordinal) ninth

Root

or (masculine) תשעה; perhaps from H8159 (שעה) through the idea of a turn to the next or full number ten;

Exhaustive

or (masculine) תשעה; perhaps from שעה through the idea of a turn to the next or full number ten; nine or (ordinal) ninth; nine ([phrase] -teen, [phrase] -teenth, -th).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H8672

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

תֵּשַׁע

numeral cardinal • Strongs / High • Page 1536

Nine (cardinal number, feminine form, with masculine form תִּשְׁעָה). It is also used to stand for the ordinal number ('the ninth'). When combined with עָשָׂר, it denotes nineteen.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

תֵּשַׁע

noun feminine • Page 729

nine. (Construct form תְּשַׁע; masculine form תִּשְׁעָה, const. תִּשְׁעַת). Also used for 'ninth' in the numbering of days (e.g., Lev. 23: 32). Plural form תִּשְׁעִים means ninety.

Adjective cardinal number both singular absolute

LXX: ἐννέα ἐννακόσια ἐννακόσιοι εἴκοσι πεντήκοντα

LXX Usage Statistics

H8672:

ἐννέα 24× (27.7%)

ἐννακόσια 9× (12.1%)

ἐννακόσιοι 6× (8.1%)

εἴκοσι 6× (6.6%)

πεντήκοντα 4× (4.2%)

ἐνάτῃ 3× (3.6%)

ἑβδομήκοντα 3× (3.6%)

ἐννεακαιδέκατοσ 3× (3.6%)

τριακοστῷ 3× (3.4%)

ἐνάτῳ 3× (3.0%)

וחצריהןס וְחַצְרֵיהֶן׃ס

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חצר

châtsêr

Definition

a yard (as inclosed by a fence); also a hamlet (as similarly surrounded with walls)

Root

(masculine and feminine); from H2690 (חצר) in its original sense;

Exhaustive

(masculine and feminine); from חצר in its original sense; a yard (as inclosed by a fence); also a hamlet (as similarly surrounded with walls); court, tower, village.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2691

הן

Definition

their, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person feminine plural

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person feminine plural

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9029

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָצֵר

verb / intransitive • Root חצר • Strongs / High • Page 519

An intransitive verb not used in the Kal stem with two primary meanings: 1. to sound shrill, to clang, to peal, of a voice or musical instrument. 2. to bloom, to be green, to sprout forth.

חָצֵר

noun / common gender • Root חצר • Strongs / High • Page 520

1. A court, atrium, of a palace or temple; an uncovered enclosed space, a court-yard. Also a guard-court or prison. 2. A village, a hamlet, a villa, enclosed within itself, often belonging to city districts.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חָצֵר

noun masculine • Root חצר • Page 244

1. court before a building. Neh. 8:16. Est. 5:2. especially of the tabernacle and temple, Ex. 27:9 ff. 2. a small place, village, such as were attached to larger towns. Josh. 13:23, 28.

Conjunction, Noun common masculine plural construct, Suffix pronominal third person feminine plural

LXX: αὐλῆσ αὐλὴν αὐλῇ αὐλαῖσ κῶμαι

LXX Usage Statistics

H2691b:

αὐλῆσ 47× (25.7%)

αὐλὴν 26× (13.9%)

αὐλῇ 23× (11.2%)

αὐλαῖσ 13× (6.6%)

κῶμαι 12× (5.4%)

ἐπαύλεισ 10× (5.3%)

--- 9× (5.8%)

'' 8× (4.4%)

αὐλήν 6× (3.1%)

αὐλὴ 5× (3.0%)

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And Humtah, and the Fourth City (this is Hebron), and Zior; nine cities and their enclosures:

LITV Translation:
and Humtah, and the City of Arba, which is Hebron, and Zior; nine cities and their villages,

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
and Humtah, and the city Arba, this is Hebron, and Zior: nine cities, and their villages: