Joshua 15:23

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

וקדש וְקֶדֶשׁ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

קדש

Qedesh

Definition

Kedesh, the name of four places in Palestine

Root

from H6942 (קדש); a sanctum;

Exhaustive

from קדש; a sanctum; Kedesh, the name of four places in Palestine; Kedesh.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6943

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

קֶדֶשׁ

noun proper • Root קדש • Strongs / High • Page 1262

Proper name of a city in Naphtali, fully Kedes Naphtali or Kedes baGalil.

קֶדֶשׁ

noun proper • Root קדש • Strongs / High • Page 1263

1. A Levitical city in Naphtali (Josh. 21, 32). 2. A city in Issachar (1 Chr. 6, 57). 3. A city in the southern part of Judah (Josh. 15, 23).

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

קֶדֶשׁ

noun proper • Page 581

1. A city in the south of the tribe of Judah (Josh. 15:23). 2. A city in the tribe of Naphtali (Josh. 12:22, Judg. 4:6). 3. A city in the tribe of Issachar (1 Chr. 6:57).

קָדַשׁ and קָדֹשׁ

verb • Page 580

1. to be sacred or holy, Ex. 29: 37. 2. to be consecrated, to fall to the sanctuary. Deut. 22: 9. Niph. to be sanctified. Ex. 29: 43. 3. to show one's self holy or glorious.

Conjunction, Noun proper name

LXX: κεδεσ καδησ καδεσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H6943:

κεδεσ 6× (44.1%)

καδησ 3× (22.7%)

καδεσ 2× (14.3%)

וחצור וְחָצוֹר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חצור

Châtsôwr

Definition

Chatsor, the name (thus simply) of two places in Palestine and of one in Arabia

Root

a collective form of H2691 (חצר); village;

Exhaustive

a collective form of חצר; village; Chatsor, the name (thus simply) of two places in Palestine and of one in Arabia; Hazor.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2674

גיל

gîyl

Definition

properly, to spin round (under the influence of any violent emotion), i.e. usually rejoice, or (as cringing) fear

Root

or (by permutation) גול; a primitive root;

Exhaustive

or (by permutation) גול; a primitive root; properly, to spin round (under the influence of any violent emotion), i.e. usually rejoice, or (as cringing) fear; be glad, joy, be joyful, rejoice.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1523

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חָצוֹר

proper name • Root חצר • Strongs / High • Page 516

An enclosed place, a castle. 1. Proper name of a Canaanitish city in the north of Palestine, upon the marshy sea or lake Samochonitis (Josh. 11, 1). Later, the name of a whole kingdom.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

גִּיל

verb • Page 137

To rejoice, exult, with a more intense signification than שָׂמַח. References: Prov. 23:24; Job 3:22.

גִּיל

verb • Root גיל • Page 138

To rejoice even to exultation; to leap for joy. Used with prepositions בְּ and עַל. References include Ps. 9:15, 13:6, 21:2, 149:2, Zeph. 3:17, Hos. 10:5, Ps. 89:17, Is. 29:19, 41:16, 61:10. Spoken also of inanimate nature in 1 Chr. 16:31, Ps. 96:11.

גִּיל

ii. v. • Page 138

To fear, to reverence (like the Arab. to tremble, to fear). Ps. 2:11, Hos. 10:5.

גִּיל

m. n. verbal • Root גיל • Page 138

1. joy, exultation (Ps. 45:16. 65:13). 2. age, generation (Dan. 1:10).

חָצוֹר

noun proper • Page 243

(a court) proper name of several places: 1. a city in Naphtali (Josh. 11:1, 12:19, 19:36); 2. city in Benjamin (Neh. 11:33); 3. a country in Arabia (Jer. 49:28).

Conjunction, Noun proper name

LXX: ασωρ ἀγαλλιάσθω ἀγαλλιάσεται ἀγαλλιάσονται ἀγαλλιάσομαι χαῖρε

LXX Usage Statistics

H2674:

ασωρ 12× (62.5%)

Hazor_§Hazor@Jos.15.23:

ἀγαλλιάσθω 7× (15.3%)

ἀγαλλιάσεται 5× (11.4%)

ἀγαλλιάσονται 4× (9.4%)

ἀγαλλιάσομαι 3× (6.7%)

χαῖρε 2× (4.7%)

ἀγαλλιασώμεθα 2× (4.7%)

ἀγαλλιάσθωσαν 2× (4.7%)

ἀγαλλιᾶσθε 2× (4.0%)

ויתנן וְיִתְנָן׃

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wə

Definition

and

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

The conjunctive ו is not merely a fixed coordinator with a stable semantic value (“and/but/or/then”). Its core function is linkage, not meaning. It binds units into a single discourse field—phrases, clauses, or whole scenes—while leaving the logical relation to be inferred from aspect, word order, genre, and context.

So the variability in translation (“and / but / or / even / then”) is not polyvalence in the particle; it is underspecification by design. The language expects the reader/hearer to perceive the relation rather than have it encoded.

Crucially, conjunctive ו does not imply temporal sequence. It implies continuity of attention. Think of it as:
- “this belongs with what precedes,”
- “remain within the same frame,”
“do not reset the discourse.”
This is why Hebrew can chain dozens of clauses with ו without subordination or explicit logic markers. The text advances by accumulation, not by branching syntactic trees. Meaning arises from the interaction:
- Aspect (qatal / yiqtol / participle),
- Position (fronted elements, resumptive nouns),
- Genre (law, narrative, oracle),
- Context (who speaks, to whom).
The ו simply keeps the circuit closed so these cues can operate together. Remove tense assumptions, and the system becomes coherent.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

יתנן

Yithnân

Definition

Jithnan, a place in Palestine

Root

from the same as H8577 (תנין); extensive;

Exhaustive

lemma יתנן first vowel, corrected to יתנן; from the same as תנין; extensive; Jithnan, a place in Palestine; Ithnan.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3497

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

יִתְנָן

noun proper • Root יתן • Strongs / High • Page 665

fortress, strengthened place, from יָתַן.

Conjunction, Noun proper name

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H3497:

No stats available

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And Kedesh and Hazor and Ithnan,

LITV Translation:
and Kedesh, and Hazor, and Ithnan,

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
and Kedesh, and Hazor, and Maenam,