Joshua 15:18

Paleo Hebrew Niqqud

RBT Hebrew Interlinear:

ויהי וַיְהִי

and he is being

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

היה

hâyâh

Definition

to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Root

a primitive root (compare H1933 (הוא));

Exhaustive

a primitive root (compare הוא); to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary); beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1961

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 397

To be, to exist, to live, to become. A substantive verb used to unite a subject and predicate. It can also mean to happen, to arise, or to belong to. Used in a wide variety of grammatical constructions.

הָיָה

verb • Root היה • Strongs / High • Page 591

To be, to become, to exist. The common Hebrew verb for 'to be', considered the root of the divine name.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

הַיָּה

noun feminine • Page 185

Keri הַוָּה suffering, calamity. Job 6: 2; 30: 13.

הָיָה

verb • Page 184

1. To be (Ex. 20:3, Num. 10:31, etc.); 2. to become (Ex. 4:4, Hos. 3:3, etc.); 3. to happen (Is. 19:15).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX: ἔσται ἐγένετο ἦν ἐγενήθη ἔσονται

LXX Usage Statistics

H1961:

ἔσται 827× (22.9%)

ἐγένετο 634× (16.8%)

ἦν 280× (7.9%)

ἐγενήθη 215× (5.8%)

ἔσονται 160× (4.5%)

ἦσαν 134× (3.8%)

ἐγένοντο 83× (2.3%)

'' 74× (1.9%)

--- 73× (2.2%)

εἶναι 67× (1.7%)

בבואה בְּבוֹאָ֗הּ

in the hand

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ב

bə

Definition

in, by

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(beth) — in / within / by means of

Core value: interiority, enclosure, participation

ב does not primarily mean “in time” (“when”) or even “in space.” It marks being inside a domain, whether that domain is:
- spatial (house, land),
- conceptual (wisdom, covenant),
- modal (strength, fear),
- instrumental (by means of).
Aonically, ב marks immersion.
not “when X happened” but “within the state or field of X.”
This is why ב־יום does not need to mean “on the day (chronological)” but “within the day-realm / condition”.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

בוא

bôwʼ

Definition

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H935

נה

Definition

she, subject pronoun - subject 3rd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal subject pronoun - suffix for some adverbs and infinitives: 3rd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9044

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

בּוֹא

verb • Strongs_Numbers • Page 224

1. To go, to wander; usually with announcing the limit of one's going. 2. To arrive, to come at (distinguished from הָלַךְ in expressing the limit of going). In this sense metaphorically: a) to be born, to appear; b) to reach to one, to be equal to him; c) to reach inanimate things; d) to come upon, to fall upon (suddenly), e.g., of an enemy or calamity; e) to come to pass, to be fulfilled (of wishes, promises); f) of inanimate things, to come near; g) applied to time; h) with the preposition בְּ, to come with somewhat, i.e., to bring.

בּוֹא

verb • Root בוא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 225

To go in, to enter, to come; to arrive; to go down (of the sun).

בּוֹא

verb • Root בוא • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to come to

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

בּוֹא

verb • Page 88

1. to go or come in, to enter. Gen. 6:18. Frequently opposed to יָצָא. 2. to lie with a woman, inire feminam. Gen. 16:2. 3. spoken of the sun, to set, go down (below the horizon). Gen. 15:17. 28:11.

בּוֹא

verb • Page 89

To go in, to enter, to come. Includes many specific idioms: to conduct oneself (Josh. 15:18); to come in as revenue (1 K. 10:14); to enter into a covenant (2 Chr. 15:12); to come upon someone or befall them (Lam. 1:10); to come to pass or be fulfilled (Prov. 13:12); to bring something (with ב, Ps. 66:13); to obtain (Ps. 69:28). Hiphil: to bring in, carry in, or lead (2 Sam. 9:10). Hophal: passive (Lev. 10:18).

Preposition, Verb Qal infinitive construct common, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0935:

No stats available

ותסיתהו וַתְּסִיתֵהוּ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

סות

çûwth

Definition

properly, to prick, i.e. (figuratively) stimulate; by implication, to seduce

Root

perhaps denominative from H7898 (שית);

Exhaustive

perhaps denominative from שית; properly, to prick, i.e. (figuratively) stimulate; by implication, to seduce; entice, move, persuade, provoke, remove, set on, stir up, take away.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5496

ו

Definition

him, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person masculine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9033

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

סוּת

verb • Root סות • Strongs / High • Page 1015

(Kal unused) trans. to stick, to pierce, to goad on, to cut into, hence to incite, to stimulate, stimulavit, instigavit. Hif. I. הֵסִית: to incite, to goad on, therefore to persuade, to mislead, to seduce. Hif. II. הֵסִית: the same.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

סוּת

m. dec. i. • Page 472

a garment. Once Gen. 49:11. Parall. לְבוּשׁ. Sept. περιβολή. Vulg. pallium. Prob. i.q. כְּסוּת by an aphæresis of כ.

conjunctive, Verb Hiphil sequential imperfect third person feminine singular, Suffix pronominal third person masculine singular

LXX: ἐπέσεισεν ἀπατᾷ

LXX Usage Statistics

H5496:

ἐπέσεισεν 3× (13.4%)

ἀπατᾷ 2× (10.5%)

לשאול לִשְׁאוֹל

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

שאל

shâʼal

Definition

to inquire; by implication, to request; by extension, to demand

Root

or שאל; a primitive root;

Exhaustive

or שאל; a primitive root; to inquire; by implication, to request; by extension, to demand; ask (counsel, on), beg, borrow, lay to charge, consult, demand, desire, [idiom] earnestly, enquire, [phrase] greet, obtain leave, lend, pray, request, require, [phrase] salute, [idiom] straitly, [idiom] surely, wish.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7592

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׁאַל

verb • Root שאל • Strongs / High • Page 1366

Intransitive/Transitive: 1. properly, to penetrate; 2. to press upon one (with words), to ask pressingly, to urge, inquire, consult, demand, beg, or desire.

שָׁאַל

verb • Root שאל • Strongs / High • Page 1367

1. To ask (with ל of person and ב of a thing), also = to greet. 2. To ask for, to require, to demand urgently. 3. Metaphor. to ask a loan, to borrow. 4. (Not used) To go down deep, to sink, of a fissure, ravine.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שָׁאַל

verb • Page 648

1. To ask, demand, require, seek (Job 31:30, Jon. 4:8, 1 K. 19:4, Ps. 2:8, 1 Sam. 8:10). 2. To ask, beg, request (Ps. 21:5, Deut. 18:16). 3. To inquire of, interrogate (Gen. 24:47, Job 40:7, Josh. 9:14, Is. 30:2). 4. To consult as an oracle (Judg. 1:1, 18:5, 1 Sam. 22:10, Ezek. 21:26). 5. To inquire after health (Gen. 43:27, 1 Sam. 10:4, Ex. 18:7). 6. To borrow (Ex. 3:22, 11:2, 1 Sam. 1:28, 2 K. 6:5). 7. To beg alms (Prov. 20:4). Also in Niph. (ask for one's self), Pi. (ask, inquire), and Hiph. (to lend).

Preposition, Verb Qal infinitive construct common

LXX: ἐπηρώτησεν ᾐτήσω ᾐτήσατο ἠρώτησεν ἐπηρώτησαν

LXX Usage Statistics

H7592:

ἐπηρώτησεν 13× (6.4%)

ᾐτήσω 10× (5.5%)

ᾐτήσατο 7× (3.7%)

ἠρώτησεν 7× (3.6%)

ἐπηρώτησαν 7× (3.7%)

ἐρωτήσατε 6× (3.2%)

αἴτησαι 6× (3.3%)

ἐρωτήσω 5× (2.6%)

ἐπερώτησον 5× (2.8%)

αἰτοῦμαι 4× (2.2%)

מאת מֵאֵת־

from self-eternal

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

את

ʼêth

Definition

properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc.

Root

probably from H579 (אנה);

Exhaustive

probably from אנה; properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc.; against, among, before, by, for, from, in(-to), (out) of, with. Often with another prepositional prefix.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H854

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אֵת

particle • Strongs_Numbers • Page 87

Particle used as a sign of the accusative, indicating the definite object of a verb; also used reflexively, or in designations of time and place. Occasionally interchangeable with other prepositions.

אֵת

substantive • Root אות • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

I. Proper substance, being, essence, body, self, essential. It is used as the sign of an accusative, or to give prominence to a noun as subject.

אֵת

preposition • Root אנה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 208

II. With; expressing fellowship or accompaniment. Properly side, support, lean upon.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Mattock, coulter of a plough, hoe, prop. anything cutting into.

אֵת

noun masculine • Root אתה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 209

Equivalent to אֵת III., of which it is merely a collateral form.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אוֹת or אֶת

sign of accusative case • Page 35

A sign of the accusative case.

אֶת

com. gen. chald. • Page 81

Equivalent to the Hebrew אוֹת (sign, miracle). Synonymous with תְּמַהּ. References: Dan. 3: 32, 33; 6: 28.

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (fem.). In pause אָתְּ. Found in Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2. Also sometimes appears as a masculine form (Num. 11: 15; Ezek. 28: 14).

אַתְּ

pronoun • Page 81

Thou (masc.). Equivalent to אַתָּה. Note: Judg. 17: 2; 1 K. 14: 2.

אֵת

ii. particle • Page 81

A primitive particle and sign of the accusative case (with Makk. -אֶת; with suffixes אֹתִי, אֹתָנוּ, etc.). Often denotes the definite direct object but can appear in circumstances where other languages employ the nominative (with passive verbs, neuter verbs, or before a nominative subject). References: Gen. 17: 5; Ex. 10: 8; 1 Sam. 17: 34.

אֵת

i. m. subst. • Page 81

Ploughshare. Inflected in two ways as אֵתִים and אֵתִין. References: 1 Sam. 13: 20, 21; Is. 2: 4; Joel 4: 10 [3:10]. Its etymology is suggested to be related to the word מַחֲרֶשֶׁת.

Prep-M, Direct object eternal self

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0854:

No stats available

אביה אָבִיהָ

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

אב

ʼâb

Definition

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

Root

a primitive word;

Exhaustive

a primitive word; father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application; chief, (fore-) father(-less), [idiom] patrimony, principal. Compare names in 'Abi-'.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H1

ה

Definition

her, personal posessive - noun suffix: 3rd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 3rd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9024

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָב

noun masculine • Root אבה • Strongs_Numbers • Page 43

Father; benefactor, care-taker, supporter; spiritual benefactor (teacher, instructor, counsellor); chief adviser, Visier; lord, possessor, holder (figuratively in compounds); founder of a domestic society or race; spiritual begetter, i.e. Creator, God.

אָב

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 44

God, as the creator, benefactor, care-taker, ruler; frequently used in compound proper names denoting God.

אָב

noun masculine • Strongs_Numbers • Page 254

Father (used here as master/teacher)

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָב

m. prim. irreg. • Page 16

1. father, properly so called; freq. 2. grandfather, forefather, ancestor (Gen. 28: 13, 1 K. 15: 11, 1 Chr. 2: 45, Gen. 4: 20, 21). 3. maker, creator (Job 38: 28). In this sense, applied to Jehovah (Is. 63: 16, 64: 7). 4. benefactor, guardian (Job 29: 16, Ps. 68: 6). Applied to the expected Messiah as אֲבִי עַד 'the eternal father of his people' (Is. 9: 5). 5. a title of respect for prophets and priests, even from kings (2 K. 6: 21, 13: 14, Judg. 17: 10). 6. 'father of the king', an oriental expression to designate a vizier or prime minister (Gen. 45: 8).

אָב

noun masculine • Page 17

Father. Beyond the literal sense, it is used for a counsellor or teacher (Gen. 41:43) and figuratively for the grave (Job 17:14). It appears in compound proper names (e.g., Abraham, Abigail) and includes the Chaldee form (Dan. 2:23).

אָב

noun masculine • Root אבה • Page 17

Wish, desire. Core biblical reference: Job 34:36.

Noun common both singular construct, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0001:

No stats available

שדה שָׂדה

the field

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

שדה

sâdeh

Definition

a field (as flat)

Root

or שדי; from an unused root meaning to spread out;

Exhaustive

or שדי; from an unused root meaning to spread out; a field (as flat); country, field, ground, land, soil, [idiom] wild.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H7704

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

שָׂדֶה

noun masculine • Root שדד • Strongs / High • Page 1384

(from שָׂדַד II.; only pl. שָׂדִים) m. a wide-stretching plain, a tract of land, prop. an extension; hence the pl. שָׂדִים (open fields, plains).

שָׂדֶה

noun masculine • Strongs / High • Page 1386

1. A field, opposed to a city, village, or camp; the open field, belonging to the land; of animals, wild, untamed. 2. Metaphorically, the field surrounding a city, district, or territory belonging to a city; open country, in opposition to the metropolis.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

שְׁדָה

chald. ithpa. • Page 657

to exert one's self, construed with לְ. Dan. 6: 15.

שָׂדֶה

noun masculine • Root שדה • Page 634

1. a field, cultivated ground. Gen. 23:17. 2. a field generally, e.g. beasts of the field. Is. 43:20. 3. a country, territory. Gen. 14:7. 4. plain, e.g. שְׂדֵה-אֲרָם plain of Syria. Hos. 12:13.

שִׁדָּה

noun feminine • Root שד • Page 656

Literally a lady, princess; whence a wife or concubine. Found in Ecc. 2: 8.

Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ἀγροῦ ἀγρῷ ἀγρὸν πεδίῳ πεδίου

LXX Usage Statistics

H7704b:

ἀγροῦ 79× (23.4%)

ἀγρῷ 44× (11.4%)

ἀγρὸν 32× (9.5%)

πεδίῳ 29× (7.1%)

πεδίου 23× (6.6%)

πεδίον 15× (4.0%)

ἀγρόν 13× (3.7%)

pεἰσ 11× (3.7%)

ἀγροὶ 9× (2.7%)

ἀγροὺσ 8× (2.4%)

ותצנח וַתִּצְנַח

and she is plunge/drive down

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

צנח

tsânach

Definition

to alight; (transitive) to cause to descend, i.e. drive down

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to alight; (transitive) to cause to descend, i.e. drive down; fasten, light (from off).

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H6795

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

צָנַח

verb intransitive • Root צנח • Strongs / High • Page 1238

to turn aside or away from, to let oneself down, from a thing; to sink, to penetrate.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

צָנַח

verb • Page 571

1. To alight (Josh. 15: 18). 2. To make to descend or sink (Judg. 4: 21).

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person feminine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H6795:

No stats available

מעל מֵעַל

from upon

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מ

mi / min

Definition

from

Root

Abbreviated from H4480

Exhaustive

(mem) — from / out of

Core value: emergence, separation, derivation
מ does not merely indicate origin in time (“after”). It marks boundary-crossing:
- source,
- differentiation,
- contrast,
- extraction.
Aonically, מ indicates transition between states.
not “after X” but “out from within X.”
This is why מ can signal both cause and contrast: both involve standing on the far side of a boundary.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

על

ʻal

Definition

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Root

properly, the same as H5920 (על) used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following);

Exhaustive

properly, the same as על used as a preposition (in the singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications; above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H5921

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

עַל

adjective / noun • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

Highest; same as עֶלְיוֹן. This form is abridged from עָלָה and derived from עָלַי (like יַד from יָדָה I.), serving as the construct form עֲלֵי (out of עֲלַאי).

עַל

preposition / adverb • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1088

A preposition: upon, over, above, super, in the widest sense. It expresses protecting, covering, resting above upon (answering to 'where'); motion toward the upper surface (answering to 'whither?'); local direction to a more distant agency; or proximity/timing ('with, at'). Used figuratively as dat. commodi and incommodi, meaning a burden or duty upon one, or with certain verbs replacing the dative case. Also expresses motion down upon or up to, sometimes interchanging with אֶל.

עַל

preposition / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 1089

Preposition or Adverb meaning upon, over, at, above (denoting physical overtopping or mental superiority/dominion); expressing addition (to, reckoned to); proximity (by, around); suitability (according to); or occasionally used concessively (though, quanquam).

עַל

preposition / particle / conjunction • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Properly, over, upon, concerning, notwithstanding, against, towards, for the sake of, on account of. Used to express position, antithesis, or distance (away from). After certain verbs, signifies giving way, removing, or fleeing. Also forms various compound particles (e.g., עַל-מָה, עַל-כֵּן, עַל אֲשֶׁר).

עַל

preposition (aramaic) • Root אלא • Strongs / High • Page 1090

Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew עַל. Means: Upon, over, on account of, unto, against, or dative. (Used with suffixes like עָלַי, עָלֵךְ, עֲלֵיהוֹן).

עַל

noun / prepos. • Root עלה • Strongs / High • Page 1092

Derivative of עָלָה, listed as a noun and a preposition.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

עַל

substantive / adverb / adjective • Root עלה • Page 507

Strictly a substantive meaning whatever is high or uppermost (Hos. 7:16, 11:7). Used as an adverb: (1.) 'above' (Gen. 27:39, 49:25; Ps. 50:4). Used as an adjective: (2.) 'high' (2 Sam. 23:1).

Prep-M, Preposition

LXX: ἐπὶ ἐπ' ἐφ' τοῦτο ''

LXX Usage Statistics

H5921a:

ἐπὶ 1722× (33.1%)

ἐπ' 701× (13.4%)

ἐφ' 195× (3.7%)

τοῦτο 116× (1.9%)

'' 116× (1.9%)

περὶ 113× (2.2%)

ἀπὸ 108× (2.1%)

--- 108× (2.1%)

αὐτοὺσ 95× (1.6%)

εἰσ 93× (1.8%)

החמור הַחֲמוֹר

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ה

Definition

the

Root

Demonstrative primitive

Exhaustive

definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

חמור

chămôwr

Definition

a male ass (from its dun red)

Root

or (shortened) חמר; from H2560 (חמר);

Exhaustive

or (shortened) חמר; from חמר; a male ass (from its dun red); (he) ass.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H2543

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

חֲמוֹר or חֲמֹר

noun masculine • Consonantal / Low • Page 497

1. an ass, a beast of burden. 2. a homer, a measure of about 11 bushels. 3. a heap. 4. a proper name (Asellus, Asinius).

Matched after stripping common prefixes

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

חֲמוֹר

noun masculine • Root חמר • Page 234

a he-ass (Gen. 49:14, Ex. 13:13). Named perhaps from its reddish colour.

חֲמוֹר

noun masculine • Root חמר • Page 234

i.q. חֹמֶר no. III. a heap (Judg. 15:16).

Particle definite article, Noun common both singular absolute

LXX: ὄνον ὄνου ὄνουσ ὄνοι ὑποζυγίου

LXX Usage Statistics

H2543:

ὄνον 16× (16.5%)

ὄνου 12× (13.9%)

ὄνουσ 11× (11.0%)

ὄνοι 9× (9.7%)

ὑποζυγίου 6× (6.2%)

ὄνοσ 6× (6.0%)

ὄνων 6× (5.8%)

ὑποζύγιον 5× (5.7%)

ὑποζύγια 4× (4.0%)

ὄνοισ 3× (3.1%)

ויאמר וַיֹּאמֶר־

and he is saying

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ו

wāw

Definition

sequential 'and'

Root

From H8505; a prefix

Exhaustive

Vav Conversive/Consecutive: The category “vav conversive / vav consecutive” is not an ancient grammatical datum; it is a modern explanatory construct, developed by early Hebraists to force Biblical Hebrew into a Latin/chronological tense model that it simply does not share.

The notion arose in early modern grammar (17th–19th c.) when scholars assumed:
- verbs must encode tense,
- narratives must advance by past → present → future,
- therefore Hebrew forms that “don’t behave” must be converted.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

אמר

ʼâmar

Definition

to say (used with great latitude)

Root

a primitive root;

Exhaustive

a primitive root; to say (used with great latitude); answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H559

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 155

1. (not used) to stand prominently upwards, to project upwards, hence to be elevated. 2. to say, to speak, to command; to press out sounds from within.

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Strongs_Numbers • Page 755

to say, speak

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 58

1. to say (dico). Differs from דבר (to speak) in that אָמַר is almost uniformly followed by the words spoken (Lev. 1:2; Gen. 44:16). 2. to think. (Speaking and thinking).

אָמַר

verb • Root אמר • Page 59

To command (Est 1:17, 1 Chr 21:17); to praise (Ps 40:11). Niph.: to be said, to be called holy (Is 4:3). Hiph.: to declare solemnly, to promise (Deut 26:17, 18). Hithpa.: to boast one's self (Ps 94:4), or to exercise dominion.

conjunctive, Verb Qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular

LXX:

LXX Usage Statistics

H0559:

No stats available

לה לָהּ

to herself

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ה

Definition

her, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 3rd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9034

Preposition -For/Into Art, Suffix pronominal third person feminine singular

כלב כָּלֵב

None

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

כלב

Kâlêb

Definition

Caleb, the name of three Israelites

Root

perhaps a form of H3611 (כלב), or else from the same root in the sense of forcible;

Exhaustive

perhaps a form of כלב, or else from the same root in the sense of forcible; Caleb, the name of three Israelites; Caleb.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H3612

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

כָּלֵב

proper name / masculine • Root כלב • Consonantal / Medium • Page 697

A masculine proper name, meaning 'the bold, the valiant, a hero'. Refers to the biblical figure Caleb.

Matched via consonantal key only

כֶּלֶב

noun proper • Root כלב • Consonantal / Medium • Page 698

A proper name of a territory in Judah, probably inhabited by Calebites. Another part of this territory was called Caleb of Ephrath or Bethlehem.

Matched via consonantal key only

כֶּלֶב

noun masculine • Root כלב • Consonantal / Medium • Page 698

An attacking, violent and furious beast, hence a dog, particularly a wild, greedy animal that is vicious and furious. Figuratively used for raging enemies or a male prostitute (sodomite).

Matched via consonantal key only

כָּלַב

verb • Root כלב • Consonantal / Medium • Page 697

To press or pierce into something, to attack, to lay hold of with violence, to fall upon. The lexicon notes this form is not used.

Matched via consonantal key only

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

כָּלֵב

proper name • Page 316

Caleb, the proper name of a contemporary of Joshua. References: Num. 13:7, 14:6, Josh. 15:14.

Noun proper name masculine

LXX: χαλεβ

LXX Usage Statistics

H3612:

χαλεβ 34× (94.6%)

מה מַה־

what/why/how!

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

מה

mâh

Definition

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and even relatively, that which); often used with prefixes in various adverbial or conjunctive senses

Root

or מה; or מ; or מ; also מה; a primitive particle;

Exhaustive

or מה; or מ; or מ; also מה; a primitive particle; properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and even relatively, that which); often used with prefixes in various adverbial or conjunctive senses; how (long, oft, (-soever)), (no-) thing, what (end, good, purpose, thing), whereby(-fore, -in, -to, -with), (for) why.

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H4100

Fürst

Fürst Lexicon

מָה

interrogative pronoun • Root מה • Strongs / High • Page 815

An interrogative pronoun, meaning 'what?'. It has various applications, including direct and indirect questions, functioning as a substantive ('what of...'), expressing quality ('what kind of...'), conveying reproach or negation, serving as an exclamation of wonder ('how...!'), and meaning 'whatever' or 'why'.

מָה

interrogative pronoun / adverb • Strongs / High • Page 816

An interrogative pronoun and adverb with various meanings including: what?, why?, how?, in what way?

מָה

interrogative pronoun • Strongs / High • Page 817

how what! = but how! how great! An interrogative pronoun, what? Also signifies 'on account of that, for that'.

מָה

aramaic pronoun (aramaic) • Strongs / High • Page 817

Aramaic interrogative pronoun, same as Hebrew. what? whatever, quidquid.

Gesenius

Gesenius Lexicon

מָה

interrog. pron. / particle • Page 358

1. what? spoken of things (Judg. 11:12; 2 Sam. 16:10, 19:23; Jer. 2:18; Hos. 14:9). 2. without an interrogation, what, whatever, something, any thing (Prov. 9:13; 2 Sam. 18:23; Job 13:13, 14; Ecc. 1:9, 3:15, 22:6; Dan. 10:10 (Aram.)). 3. before substantives, what, of what sort, qualis (Josh. 22:16; 1 Sam. 28:14; 1 K. 9:13). 4. how? (Gen. 44:16; Ex. 10:26; Gen. 28:17). 5. wherefore? (Judg. 8:1; Ps. 42:12). 6. not (Cant. 8:4; Job 16:6, 31:1, 20, 24).

מָה

interrog. pron. • Page 358

Chald. what, as in Heb. with and without an interrogation. מָה דִי that which (Dan. 2:28). Combined with prepositions: (1.) כְּמָה how, how very (Dan. 3:33). (2.) לְמָה דִי lest, that not (Ezra 4:22, 7:23).

Pronoun interrogative

LXX: τί τίσ τίνι ἐστιν ὡσ

LXX Usage Statistics

H4100:

τί 516× (62.9%)

τίσ 44× (5.6%)

τίνι 29× (3.2%)

ἐστιν 24× (2.6%)

ὡσ 14× (1.8%)

'' 13× (1.4%)

---% 11× (1.1%)

τίνοσ 11× (1.3%)

τι 10× (1.1%)

--- 10× (1.3%)

לך לָּךְ׃

to yourself/walk

STRONGS

Strong's Lexicon

ל

lə

Definition

to, for

Root

A primitive particle; a prefix

Exhaustive

(lamed) — to / toward / for

Core value: orientation, directionality, belonging
ל is often mistranslated as purpose (“in order to”), but that smuggles in future-time. In reality, ל marks:
- movement toward,
- dedication unto,
- reference with respect to.
Aonically, ל is vectorial, not teleological.
not “for the sake of a future outcome”
but “oriented toward a locus or pole.”
This is why possession (“belongs to”) and motion (“toward”) use the same preposition: both indicate relational alignment, not time.

Source: The Aonic Nature of Biblical Hebrew Prepositions

ך

Definition

you, personal pronoun - verb/prep. 2nd person feminine singular

Root

Exhaustive

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person feminine singular

Source: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance — H9032

Preposition -For/Into Art, Suffix pronominal second person feminine singular

RBT Translation:

No verse found

RBT Paraphrase:
No verse found

Julia Smith Literal 1876 Translation:
And it will be in her going forth she will stimulate him to ask from her father a field: and she will descend from the ass, and Caleb will say to her, What to thee?

LITV Translation:
And it happened, as she came, that she persuaded him to ask from her father a field. And she dismounted from the ass, and Caleb said to her, What do you desire ?

Brenton Septuagint Translation:
And it came to pass as she went out that she counseled him, saying, I will ask of my father a field; and she cried from off her ass; and Caleb said to her, What is it?